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Hou J, Liu J, Huang Z, Wang Y, Yao H, Hu Z, Shi C, Xu J, Wang Q. Structure and function of the membrane microdomains in osteoclasts. Bone Res 2023; 11:61. [PMID: 37989999 PMCID: PMC10663511 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell membrane structure is closely related to the occurrence and progression of many metabolic bone diseases observed in the clinic and is an important target to the development of therapeutic strategies for these diseases. Strong experimental evidence supports the existence of membrane microdomains in osteoclasts (OCs). However, the potential membrane microdomains and the crucial mechanisms underlying their roles in OCs have not been fully characterized. Membrane microdomain components, such as scaffolding proteins and the actin cytoskeleton, as well as the roles of individual membrane proteins, need to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss the compositions and critical functions of membrane microdomains that determine the biological behavior of OCs through the three main stages of the OC life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Hou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhixian Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yining Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hanbing Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenxin Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chengge Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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2
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Dufrançais O, Mascarau R, Poincloux R, Maridonneau-Parini I, Raynaud-Messina B, Vérollet C. Cellular and molecular actors of myeloid cell fusion: podosomes and tunneling nanotubes call the tune. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6087-6104. [PMID: 34296319 PMCID: PMC8429379 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Different types of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) of myeloid origin have been described; osteoclasts are the most extensively studied because of their importance in bone homeostasis. MGCs are formed by cell-to-cell fusion, and most types have been observed in pathological conditions, especially in infectious and non-infectious chronic inflammatory contexts. The precise role of the different MGCs and the mechanisms that govern their formation remain poorly understood, likely due to their heterogeneity. First, we will introduce the main populations of MGCs derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. We will then discuss the known molecular actors mediating the early stages of fusion, focusing on cell-surface receptors involved in the cell-to-cell adhesion steps that ultimately lead to multinucleation. Given that cell-to-cell fusion is a complex and well-coordinated process, we will also describe what is currently known about the evolution of F-actin-based structures involved in macrophage fusion, i.e., podosomes, zipper-like structures, and tunneling nanotubes (TNT). Finally, the localization and potential role of the key fusion mediators related to the formation of these F-actin structures will be discussed. This review intends to present the current status of knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms supporting multinucleation of myeloid cells, highlighting the gaps still existing, and contributing to the proposition of potential disease-specific MGC markers and/or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Dufrançais
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Mascarau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France
| | - Brigitte Raynaud-Messina
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Christel Vérollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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3
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Zeng KQ, Gong FY, Pan XH, Miao J, Gong Z, Wang J, Zhong Q, Dai XQ, Gao XM. IgG Immunocomplexes Drive the Differentiation of a Novel Subset of Osteoclasts Independent of RANKL and Inflammatory Cytokines. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1174-1188. [PMID: 33651383 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Potentiation of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis by IgG immunocomplexes (ICs) is generally considered an important pathway leading to cartilage and bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, whether IgG ICs possess pro-osteoclastogenic potential independent of RANKL and inflammatory cytokines is unclear. Here we demonstrate that by fully cross-linking human FcγRIIa (hFcγRIIa) or co-ligating hFcγRIIa and TLR4, IgG ICs alone could drive the differentiation of human blood monocytes into nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1-negative nonclassical osteoclasts (NOCs). Surprisingly, IgG ICs could also overrule RANKL-induced classical osteoclast (COC) differentiation in vitro. In mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis, hFcγRIIa-transgenic, but not nontransgenic control, mice suffered from cartilage/bone destruction accompanied by the presence of NFATc1- NOCs lining the eroded cartilage surface in affected joints. Our results not only identify a novel subset of IC-induced NOCs but also provide a possible explanation for the uncoupling of FcγR-mediated cartilage destruction from RANKL-related bone erosion in autoinflammatory arthritis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qin Zeng
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Gong
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Systemic Biology of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Pan
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Miao
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Systemic Biology of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiao Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xia-Qiu Dai
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Systemic Biology of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Systemic Biology of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
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4
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Gambari L, Grassi F, Roseti L, Grigolo B, Desando G. Learning from Monocyte-Macrophage Fusion and Multinucleation: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Osteoporosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176001. [PMID: 32825443 PMCID: PMC7504439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs) covers an essential role in developing bone diseases, such as osteoporosis (OP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Monocytes or macrophages fusion and multinucleation (M-FM) are key processes for generating multinucleated mature cells with essential roles in bone remodelling. Depending on the phenotypic heterogeneity of monocyte/macrophage precursors and the extracellular milieu, two distinct morphological and functional cell types can arise mature OCs and giant cells (GCs). Despite their biological relevance in several physiological and pathological responses, many gaps exist in our understanding of their formation and role in bone, including the molecular determinants of cell fusion and multinucleation. Here, we outline fusogenic molecules during M-FM involved in OCs and GCs formation in healthy conditions and during OP and RA. Moreover, we discuss the impact of the inflammatory milieu on modulating macrophages phenotype and their differentiation towards mature cells. Methodological approach envisaged searches on Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and EMBASE databases to select relevant studies on M-FM, osteoclastogenesis, inflammation, OP, and RA. This review intends to give a state-of-the-art description of mechanisms beyond osteoclastogenesis and M-FM, with a focus on OP and RA, and to highlight potential biological therapeutic targets to prevent extreme bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Livia Roseti
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (B.G.); Tel.: +39-051-6366090 (B.G.)
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5
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Dalby E, Christensen SM, Wang J, Hamidzadeh K, Chandrasekaran P, Hughitt VK, Tafuri WL, Arantes RME, Rodrigues IA, Herbst R, El-Sayed NM, Sims GP, Mosser DM. Immune Complex-Driven Generation of Human Macrophages with Anti-Inflammatory and Growth-Promoting Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:102-112. [PMID: 32434940 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To maintain homeostasis, macrophages must be capable of assuming either an inflammatory or an anti-inflammatory phenotype. To better understand the latter, we stimulated human macrophages in vitro with TLR ligands in the presence of high-density immune complexes (IC). This combination of stimuli resulted in a broad suppression of inflammatory mediators and an upregulation of molecules involved in tissue remodeling and angiogenesis. Transcriptomic analysis of TLR stimulation in the presence of IC predicted the downstream activation of AKT and the inhibition of GSK3. Consequently, we pretreated LPS-stimulated human macrophages with small molecule inhibitors of GSK3 to partially phenocopy the regulatory effects of stimulation in the presence of IC. The upregulation of DC-STAMP and matrix metalloproteases was observed on these cells and may represent potential biomarkers for this regulatory activation state. To demonstrate the presence of these anti-inflammatory, growth-promoting macrophages in a human infectious disease, biopsies from patients with leprosy (Hanseniasis) were analyzed. The lepromatous form of this disease is characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia and defective cell-mediated immunity. Lesions in lepromatous leprosy contained macrophages with a regulatory phenotype expressing higher levels of DC-STAMP and lower levels of IL-12, relative to macrophages in tuberculoid leprosy lesions. Therefore, we propose that increased signaling by FcγR cross-linking on TLR-stimulated macrophages can paradoxically promote the resolution of inflammation and initiate processes critical to tissue growth and repair. It can also contribute to infectious disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dalby
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Stephen M Christensen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Jingya Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Kajal Hamidzadeh
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Prabha Chandrasekaran
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - V Keith Hughitt
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Wagner Luiz Tafuri
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; and
| | - Rosa Maria Esteves Arantes
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; and
| | | | - Ronald Herbst
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Najib M El-Sayed
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Gary P Sims
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878;
| | - David M Mosser
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;
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6
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Coudert AE, Redelsperger F, Chabbi-Achengli Y, Vernochet C, Marty C, Decrouy X, Heidmann T, de Vernejoul MC, Dupressoir A. Role of the captured retroviral envelope syncytin-B gene in the fusion of osteoclast and giant cell precursors and in bone resorption, analyzed ex vivo and in vivo in syncytin-B knockout mice. Bone Rep 2019; 11:100214. [PMID: 31360740 PMCID: PMC6637224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Syncytin-A and -B are envelope genes of retroviral origin that have been captured in evolution for a role in placentation. They trigger cell-cell fusion and were shown to be essential for the formation of the syncytiotrophoblast layer during mouse placenta formation. Syncytin-A and -B expression has been described in other tissues and their highly fusogenic properties suggested that they might be involved in the fusion of other cell types. Here, taking advantage of mice knocked out for syncytin-B, SynB-/- mice, we investigated the potential role of syncytin-B in the fusion of cells from the monocyte/macrophage lineage into multinucleated osteoclasts (OCs) -in bone- or multinucleated giant cells -in soft tissues. In ex vivo experiments, a significant reduction in fusion index and in the number of multinucleated OCs and giant cells was observed as soon as Day3 in SynB-/- as compared to wild-type cell cultures. Interestingly, the number of nuclei per multinucleated OC or giant cell remained unchanged. These results, together with the demonstration that syncytin-B expression is maximal in the first 2 days of OC differentiation, argue for syncytin-B playing a role in the fusion of OC and giant cell mononucleated precursors, at initial stages. Finally, ex vivo, the observed reduction in multinucleated OC number had no impact on the expression of OC differentiation markers, and a dentin resorption assay did not evidence any difference in the osteoclastic resorption activity, suggesting that syncytin-B is not required for OC activity. In vivo, syncytin-B was found to be expressed in the periosteum of embryos at embryonic day 16.5, where TRAP-positive cells were observed. Yet, in adults, no significant reduction in OC number or alteration in bone phenotype was observed in SynB-/- mice. In addition, SynB-/- mice did not show any change in the number of foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) that formed in response to implantation of foreign material, as compared to wild-type mice. Altogether the results suggest that in addition to its essential role in placenta formation, syncytin-B plays a role in OCs and macrophage fusion; yet it is not essential in vivo for OC and FBGC formation, or maintenance of bone homeostasis, at least under the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie E Coudert
- BIOSCAR, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris 75010, France.,Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, INSERM U1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, UFR d'Odontologie Garancire, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75006, France
| | - François Redelsperger
- Unité Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 9196, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, and Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Yasmine Chabbi-Achengli
- BIOSCAR, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris 75010, France
| | - Cécile Vernochet
- Unité Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 9196, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, and Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- BIOSCAR, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris 75010, France
| | - Xavier Decrouy
- Inserm, U955, Plateforme d'imagerie, Créteil, 9400, France and Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Thierry Heidmann
- Unité Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 9196, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, and Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Marie-Christine de Vernejoul
- BIOSCAR, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris 75010, France
| | - Anne Dupressoir
- Unité Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 9196, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, and Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France
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7
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Pessoa CC, Reis LC, Ramos-Sanchez EM, Orikaza CM, Cortez C, de Castro Levatti EV, Badaró ACB, Yamamoto JUDS, D’Almeida V, Goto H, Mortara RA, Real F. ATP6V0d2 controls Leishmania parasitophorous vacuole biogenesis via cholesterol homeostasis. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007834. [PMID: 31199856 PMCID: PMC6594656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
V-ATPases are part of the membrane components of pathogen-containing vacuoles, although their function in intracellular infection remains elusive. In addition to organelle acidification, V-ATPases are alternatively implicated in membrane fusion and anti-inflammatory functions controlled by ATP6V0d2, the d subunit variant of the V-ATPase complex. Therefore, we evaluated the role of ATP6V0d2 in the biogenesis of pathogen-containing vacuoles using ATP6V0d2 knock-down macrophages infected with the protozoan parasite Leishmania amazonensis. These parasites survive within IFNγ/LPS-activated inflammatory macrophages, multiplying in large/fusogenic parasitophorous vacuoles (PVs) and inducing ATP6V0d2 upregulation. ATP6V0d2 knock-down decreased macrophage cholesterol levels and inhibited PV enlargement without interfering with parasite multiplication. However, parasites required ATP6V0d2 to resist the influx of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-derived cholesterol, which restored PV enlargement in ATP6V0d2 knock-down macrophages by replenishing macrophage cholesterol pools. Thus, we reveal parasite-mediated subversion of host V-ATPase function toward cholesterol retention, which is required for establishing an inflammation-resistant intracellular parasite niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Carraro Pessoa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luiza Campos Reis
- Laboratório de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Milton Ramos-Sanchez
- Laboratório de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cristina Mary Orikaza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cristian Cortez
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Ana Carolina Benites Badaró
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Vânia D’Almeida
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Hiro Goto
- Laboratório de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Renato Arruda Mortara
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fernando Real
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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8
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Kim H, Walsh MC, Takegahara N, Middleton SA, Shin HI, Kim J, Choi Y. The purinergic receptor P2X5 regulates inflammasome activity and hyper-multinucleation of murine osteoclasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:196. [PMID: 28298636 PMCID: PMC5427844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs) can result in serious clinical outcomes, including bone loss that may weaken skeletal or periodontal strength. Proper bone homeostasis and skeletal strength are maintained by balancing OC function with the bone-forming function of osteoblasts. Unfortunately, current treatments that broadly inhibit OC differentiation or function may also interfere with coupled bone formation. We therefore identified a factor, the purinergic receptor P2X5 that is highly expressed during the OC maturation phase, and which we show here plays no apparent role in early bone development and homeostasis, but which is required for osteoclast-mediated inflammatory bone loss and hyper-multinucleation of OCs. We further demonstrate that P2X5 is required for ATP-mediated inflammasome activation and IL-1β production by OCs, and that P2X5-deficient OC maturation is rescued in vitro by addition of exogenous IL-1β. These findings identify a mechanism by which OCs react to inflammatory stimuli, and may identify purinergic signaling as a therapeutic target for bone loss-related inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew C Walsh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Noriko Takegahara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Next generation Optical Immune-imaging, WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sarah A Middleton
- Department of Biology, Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Program in Single Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hong-In Shin
- IHBR, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700412, South Korea
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Program in Single Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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9
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Chen M, Rajapakse D, Fraczek M, Luo C, Forrester JV, Xu H. Retinal pigment epithelial cell multinucleation in the aging eye - a mechanism to repair damage and maintain homoeostasis. Aging Cell 2016; 15:436-45. [PMID: 26875723 PMCID: PMC4854907 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are central to retinal health and homoeostasis. Dysfunction or death of RPE cells underlies many age-related retinal degenerative disorders particularly age-related macular degeneration. During aging RPE cells decline in number, suggesting an age-dependent cell loss. RPE cells are considered to be postmitotic, and how they repair damage during aging remains poorly defined. We show that RPE cells increase in size and become multinucleate during aging in C57BL/6J mice. Multinucleation appeared not to be due to cell fusion, but to incomplete cell division, that is failure of cytokinesis. Interestingly, the phagocytic activity of multinucleate RPE cells was not different from that of mononuclear RPE cells. Furthermore, exposure of RPE cells in vitro to photoreceptor outer segment (POS), particularly oxidized POS, dose-dependently promoted multinucleation and suppressed cell proliferation. Both failure of cytokinesis and suppression of proliferation required contact with POS. Exposure to POS also induced reactive oxygen species and DNA oxidation in RPE cells. We propose that RPE cells have the potential to proliferate in vivo and to repair defects in the monolayer. We further propose that the conventionally accepted 'postmitotic' status of RPE cells is due to a modified form of contact inhibition mediated by POS and that RPE cells are released from this state when contact with POS is lost. This is seen in long-standing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment as overtly proliferating RPE cells (proliferative vitreoretinopathy) and more subtly as multinucleation during normal aging. Age-related oxidative stress may promote failure of cytokinesis and multinucleation in RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7 BL UK
| | - Dinusha Rajapakse
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7 BL UK
| | - Monika Fraczek
- Section of Immunology and Infection; Division of Applied Medicine; School of Medicine and Dentistry; Institute of Medical Science; University of Aberdeen; Foresterhill Aberdeen AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Chang Luo
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7 BL UK
| | - John V. Forrester
- Section of Immunology and Infection; Division of Applied Medicine; School of Medicine and Dentistry; Institute of Medical Science; University of Aberdeen; Foresterhill Aberdeen AB25 2ZD UK
- Ocular Immunology Program; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA 6009 Australia
- Centre for Experimental Immunology; Lions Eye Institute; Nedlands WA 6009 Australia
| | - Heping Xu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7 BL UK
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Wu X, Feng X, He Y, Gao Y, Yang S, Shao Z, Yang C, Wang H, Ye Z. IL-4 administration exerts preventive effects via suppression of underlying inflammation and TNF-α-induced apoptosis in steroid-induced osteonecrosis. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1827-37. [PMID: 26753542 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Macrophages play an important role during the development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis. Interleukin (IL)-4 administration helped reduce the infiltration of M1 phenotypic macrophages and maintain the activation of M2 phenotypic macrophages, resulting in restriction of inflammation and decrease in osteocyte apoptosis. The results indicated the therapeutic potential of IL-4 in prevention of steroid-induced osteonecrosis. INTRODUCTION Steroid-induced osteonecrosis (ON) is a debilitating disease characterized by the activation and infiltration of macrophages into the necrotic site. This study aimed to investigate the effects of IL-4 administration on macrophage polarization and the involved signaling pathways. METHODS Fifty-six BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two groups, group M (model group) and group MI (treatment group), each containing 28 mice. ON model was induced by the injection of methylprednisolone (MPS). The mice in group MI received intra-abdominal injections of 2 μg/100 g/day of rIL-4 for five consecutive days, following the administration of MPS. Osteonecrosis was verified by histopathological staining. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was analyzed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The infiltration of M1/M2 macrophages was examined by the expression of specific makers of F4/80, CD11c, and CD206 protein. Cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and the apoptotic signal molecules such as STAT1 and caspase-3 were examined. RESULTS Histopathological observations indicated that IL-4 administration reduced the incidence of ON and the accumulation of osteoclasts. IL-4 administration inhibited the expression of TNF-α and reduced the infiltration of M1 phenotypic macrophages and maintained relatively high level of M2 phenotypic macrophages. Additionally, TUNEL assay suggested that IL-4 intervention could reduce the number of apoptotic cells in the necrotic zone. The anti-apoptotic mechanisms were related to STAT1 phosphorylation and the activation of caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS Il-4 administration could alleviate steroid associated ON in mice by inhibiting the inflammatory response, the infiltration of M1 phenotypic macrophages, and suppressing TNF-a-induced osteocytic apoptosis by inhibiting the STAT1-caspase-3 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - X Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Y He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Y Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - S Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Z Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - C Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Z Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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11
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Macrophage and Multinucleated Giant Cell Classification. CURRENT TOPICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-55732-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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ten Harkel B, Schoenmaker T, Picavet DI, Davison NL, de Vries TJ, Everts V. The Foreign Body Giant Cell Cannot Resorb Bone, But Dissolves Hydroxyapatite Like Osteoclasts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139564. [PMID: 26426806 PMCID: PMC4591016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Foreign body multinucleated giant cells (FBGCs) and osteoclasts share several characteristics, like a common myeloid precursor cell, multinuclearity, expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP). However, there is an important difference: osteoclasts form and reside in the vicinity of bone, while FBGCs form only under pathological conditions or at the surface of foreign materials, like medical implants. Despite similarities, an important distinction between these cell types is that osteoclasts can resorb bone, but it is unknown whether FBGCs are capable of such an activity. To investigate this, we differentiated FBGCs and osteoclasts in vitro from their common CD14+ monocyte precursor cells, using different sets of cytokines. Both cell types were cultured on bovine bone slices and analyzed for typical osteoclast features, such as bone resorption, presence of actin rings, formation of a ruffled border, and characteristic gene expression over time. Additionally, both cell types were cultured on a biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating to discriminate between bone resorption and mineral dissolution independent of organic matrix proteolysis. Both cell types differentiated into multinucleated cells on bone, but FBGCs were larger and had a higher number of nuclei compared to osteoclasts. FBGCs were not able to resorb bone, yet they were able to dissolve the mineral fraction of bone at the surface. Remarkably, FBGCs also expressed actin rings, podosome belts and sealing zones--cytoskeletal organization that is considered to be osteoclast-specific. However, they did not form a ruffled border. At the gene expression level, FBGCs and osteoclasts expressed similar levels of mRNAs that are associated with the dissolution of mineral (e.g., anion exchange protein 2 (AE2), carbonic anhydrase 2 (CAII), chloride channel 7 (CIC7), and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (v-ATPase)), in contrast the matrix degrading enzyme cathepsin K, which was hardly expressed by FBGCs. Functionally, the latter cells were able to dissolve a biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating in vitro, which was blocked by inhibiting v-ATPase enzyme activity. These results show that FBGCs have the capacity to dissolve the mineral phase of bone, similar to osteoclasts. However, they are not able to digest the matrix fraction of bone, likely due to the lack of a ruffled border and cathepsin K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas ten Harkel
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy I. Picavet
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Center for Advanced Microscopy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noel L. Davison
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Teun J. de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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