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Werth EG, Roos D, Philip ET. Immunocapture LC-MS methods for pharmacokinetics of large molecule drugs. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:165-177. [PMID: 38348660 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Implementation of immunocapture LC-MS methods to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of large molecule drugs has become a widely used technique over the past decade. As the pharmaceutical industry strives for speediness into clinical development without jeopardizing quality, robust assays with generic application across the pipeline are becoming instrumental in bioanalysis, especially in early-stage development. This review highlights the capabilities and challenges involved in hybrid immunocapture LC-MS techniques and its continued applications in nonclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic assay design. This includes a comparison of LC-MS-based approaches to conventional ligand-binding assays and the driving demands in large molecule drug portfolios including growing sensitivity requirements and the unique challenges of new modalities requiring innovation in the bioanalytical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Werth
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - David Roos
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Elsy T Philip
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
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2
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Syed ZA, Milman T, Fertala J, Steplewski A, Fertala A. Corneal Wound Healing in the Presence of Antifibrotic Antibody Targeting Collagen Fibrillogenesis: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13438. [PMID: 37686240 PMCID: PMC10488077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly organized collagen fibrils interlacing with proteoglycans form the crucial architecture of the cornea and facilitate its transparency. Corneal scarring from accidental injury, surgery, or infection alters this highly organized tissue, causing severe consequences, including blindness. There are no pharmacological or surgical methods to effectively and safely treat excessive corneal scarring. Thus, we tested the anticorneal scarring utility of a rationally designed anticollagen antibody (ACA) whose antifibrotic effects have already been demonstrated in nonocular models. Utilizing a rabbit model with an incisional corneal wound, we analyzed ACA's effects on forming collagen and proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrices in scar neotissue. We used microscopic and spectroscopic techniques to quantify these components and measure crucial parameters characterizing the structure and organization of collagen fibrils. Moreover, we analyzed the spatial distribution of collagen and proteoglycans in normal and healing corneas. Our study demonstrated significant changes in the quality and quantity of the analyzed molecules synthesized in scar neotissue. It showed that these changes extend beyond incision margins. It also showed ACA's positive impact on some crucial parameters defining proper cornea structure. This pilot study provides a stepping stone for future tests of therapeutic approaches that target corneal extracellular scar matrix assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba A. Syed
- Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (Z.A.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Tatyana Milman
- Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (Z.A.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Jolanta Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Curtis Building, Room 501, 1015 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (J.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrzej Steplewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Curtis Building, Room 501, 1015 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (J.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Curtis Building, Room 501, 1015 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (J.F.); (A.S.)
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3
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The Role of Fc Receptors on the Effectiveness of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168947. [PMID: 34445651 PMCID: PMC8396266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the approval of the first monoclonal antibody (mAb) in 1986, a huge effort has been made to guarantee safety and efficacy of therapeutic mAbs. As of July 2021, 118 mAbs are approved for the European market for a broad range of clinical indications. In order to ensure clinical efficacy and safety aspects, (pre-)clinical experimental approaches evaluate the respective modes of action (MoA). In addition to antigen-specificity including binding affinity and -avidity, MoA comprise Fc-mediated effector functions such as antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and the closely related antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). For this reason, a variety of cell-based assays have been established investigating effector functions of therapeutic mAbs with different effector/target-cell combinations and several readouts including Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated lysis, fluorescence, or luminescence. Optimized FcγR-mediated effector functions regarding clinical safety and efficacy are addressed with modification strategies such as point mutations, altered glycosylation patterns, combination of different Fc subclasses (cross isotypes), and Fc-truncation of the mAb. These strategies opened the field for a next generation of therapeutic mAbs. In conclusion, it is of major importance to consider FcγR-mediated effector functions for the efficacy of therapeutic mAbs.
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4
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In vivo safety testing of Antibody Drug Conjugates. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 122:104890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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5
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Son YW, Choi HN, Che JH, Kang BC, Yun JW. Advances in selecting appropriate non-rodent species for regulatory toxicology research: Policy, ethical, and experimental considerations. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 116:104757. [PMID: 32758521 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In vivo animal studies are required by regulatory agencies to investigate drug safety before clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the process of selecting a relevant non-rodent species for preclinical studies. The dog is the primary, default non-rodent used in toxicology studies with multiple scientific advantages, including adequate background data and availability. Rabbit has many regulatory advantages as the first non-rodent for the evaluation of reproductive and developmental as well as local toxicity. Recently, minipigs have increasingly replaced dogs and rabbits in toxicology studies due to ethical and scientific advantages including similarity to humans and breeding habits. When these species are not relevant, nonhuman primates (NHPs) can be used as the available animal models, especially in toxicology studies investigating biotherapeutics. Particularly, based on the phylogenetic relationships, the use of New-World marmosets can be considered before Old-World monkeys, especially cynomolgus with robust historical data. Importantly, the use of NHPs should be justified in terms of scientific benefits considering target affinity, expression pattern, and pharmacological cross-reactivity. Strict standards are required for the use of animals. Therefore, this review is helpful for the selection of appropriate non-rodent in regulatory toxicology studies by providing sufficient regulatory, ethical, and scientific data for each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wook Son
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Ha-Ni Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Che
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea.
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6
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Kovalova N, Knierman MD, Brown-Augsburger PL, Wroblewski VJ, Chlewicki LK. Correlation between antidrug antibodies, pre-existing antidrug reactivity, and immunogenetics (MHC class II alleles) in cynomolgus macaque. Immunogenetics 2019; 71:605-615. [PMID: 31776588 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-019-01136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenicity of biomolecules is one of the largest concerns in biological therapeutic drug development. Adverse immune responses as a result of immunogenicity to biotherapeutics range from mild hypersensitivity reactions to potentially life-threatening anaphylactic reactions and can negatively impact human health and drug efficacy. Numerous confounding patient-, product- or treatment-related factors can influence the development of an immune reaction against therapeutic proteins. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between pre-existing drug reactivity (PE-ADA), individual immunogenetics (MHC class II haplotypes), and development of treatment-induced antidrug antibodies (TE-ADA) in cynomolgus macaque. PE-ADA refers to the presence of antibodies immunoreactive against the biotherapeutic in treatment-naïve individuals. We observed that PE-ADA frequency against four different bispecific antibodies in naïve cynomolgus macaque is similar to that reported in humans. Additionally, we report a trend towards an increased incidence of TE-ADA development in macaques with high PE-ADA levels. In order to explore the relationship between MHC class II alleles and risk of ADA development, we obtained full-length MHC class II sequences from 60 cynomolgus macaques in our colony. We identified a total of 248 DR, DP, and DQ alleles and 236 unique haplotypes in our cohort indicating a genetically complex set of animals potentially reflective of the human population. Based on our observations, we propose the evaluation of the magnitude/frequency of pre-existing reactivity and consideration of MHC class II genetics as additional useful tools to understand the immunogenic potential of biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kovalova
- Department of Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories; Eli Lilly and Company; Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Patricia L Brown-Augsburger
- Department of Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories; Eli Lilly and Company; Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Victor J Wroblewski
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lukasz K Chlewicki
- Department of Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories; Eli Lilly and Company; Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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7
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Lang JE, Tseng WW, Kang I. Editorial: A Novel Monoclonal Antibody-Targeting Angiogenesis by Inhibiting Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 2. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:4188-4190. [PMID: 31502016 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Lang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - William W Tseng
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irene Kang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Johnson DE. Biotherapeutics: Challenges and Opportunities for Predictive Toxicology of Monoclonal Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3685. [PMID: 30469350 PMCID: PMC6274697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotherapeutics are a rapidly growing portion of the total pharmaceutical market accounting for almost one-half of recent new drug approvals. A major portion of these approvals each year are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). During development, non-clinical pharmacology and toxicology testing of mAbs differs from that done with chemical entities since these biotherapeutics are derived from a biological source and therefore the animal models must share the same epitopes (targets) as humans to elicit a pharmacological response. Mechanisms of toxicity of mAbs are both pharmacological and non-pharmacological in nature; however, standard in silico predictive toxicological methods used in research and development of chemical entities currently do not apply to these biotherapeutics. Challenges and potential opportunities exist for new methodologies to provide a more predictive program to assess and monitor potential adverse drug reactions of mAbs for specific patients before and during clinical trials and after market approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale E Johnson
- Morgan Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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9
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Pande P, Giambalvo M, Huang Z. Complementing preclinical safety assessments through genomic analyses. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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López-Morales CA, Tenorio-Calvo A, Cruz-Rodríguez R, Sánchez y Tepoz J, Belgharbi L, Pérez-Tapia SM, Medina-Rivero E. Regulatory Pathway for Licensing Biotherapeutics in Mexico. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:272. [PMID: 30320117 PMCID: PMC6167464 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotherapeutic products which are derived from living organisms using recombinant DNA technology significantly contribute to the progress in the treatment of life-threatening and chronic diseases. The worldwide sale of biological drugs in 2016 was near US $263,700 million. In Latin America, where monoclonal antibodies market was worth US $7000 million, being Mexico the second largest market. Approval is one of the key aspects which influences the market of medicinal products, thus it is responsibility of the regulatory authority to establish a regulatory framework that ensure safety and efficacy of the products, and it is responsibility of the applicants to provide a high quality dossier in accordance with the registration requirements of the country. The applicants submitting registration requests in Mexico need to be aware of the requirements. Similar to many other countries, Mexico has adopted the Common Technical Document (CTD) structure for organizing dossier of the medicinal product for submission into main modules (i.e., quality, non-clinical, and clinical). This facilitates the submission process of medicinal products following a logical sequence aligned to the International Council on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Moreover, this structure improves the transparency and clarity of the dossier in process of evaluation of medicinal products. In Mexico, the Ministry of Health has published a regulation, NOM-257-SSA1-2014, which established the general requirements to be followed by applicants to complete the registration of biotherapeutics. This regulation stipulates that the evaluation process is supported by a regulatory framework involving Good Manufacturing Practices, labeling, stability, clinical trials, biocomparability studies, pharmacovigilance, and a technical evaluation performed by a multidisciplinary team of experts in biotherapeutics development. Additionally, the Mexican regulatory agency, COFEPRIS, has published specific guidelines to facilitate the application process. Despite the availability of this information, the scope is limited to regulatory and administrative purposes, rather than technical-scientific supporting knowledge. The aim of this article is to provide concise information to improve and promote communication between industry and regulatory agencies. Herein, we describe the current process of COFEPRIS in regulating biotherapeutics in Mexico. This process explains the basis for the organization and structure of the technical-scientific information of biotherapeutics required for registration application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. López-Morales
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Tenorio-Calvo
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Julio Sánchez y Tepoz
- Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Lahouari Belgharbi
- Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Emilio Medina-Rivero
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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11
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Zeitelhofer M, Li H, Adzemovic MZ, Nilsson I, Muhl L, Scott AM, Eriksson U. Preclinical toxicological assessment of a novel monoclonal antibody targeting human platelet-derived growth factor CC (PDGF-CC) in PDGF-CChum mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200649. [PMID: 30021009 PMCID: PMC6051635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor CC (PDGF-CC) is important during foetal development but also in pathogenesis of neurologic diseases, cancer and fibrosis. We have previously demonstrated that blocking the PDGF-CC/PDGF receptor alpha (PDGFRα) axis resulted in reduction of stroke volume and cerebrovascular permeability after experimentally induced stroke. Recently, we could translate these findings into the clinic showing that imatinib, a small tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting PDGF receptors, can significantly improve neurological outcome after ischemic stroke in human. Herein we report preclinical toxicological analyses of our newly generated monoclonal anti-human PDGF-CC antibody 6B3 (mAb 6B3) in PDGF-CC humanized mice. Beside histological organ assessment, we also analysed serum, urine, haematological parameters and the general health status of the treated mice. We could not find any indications that mAb 6B3 is toxic or has other significant side effects neither in short, nor in long treatment regimens. Our results indicate that mAb 6B3 can be further developed for clinical use. This opens up the possibility to assess the therapeutic potential of blocking PDGF-CC in diverse pathological conditions such as neurologic diseases, cancer and fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Humans
- Lymphokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lymphokines/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Zeitelhofer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milena Z. Adzemovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Muhl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew M. Scott
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Wu B, Lewis LD, Harvey RD, Rasmussen E, Gamelin E, Sun YN, Friberg G, Koyner JL, Dowlati A, Maitland ML. A Pharmacokinetic and Safety Study of Trebananib, an Fc-Fusion Peptibody, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors and Varying Degrees of Renal Dysfunction. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:313-320. [PMID: 28074547 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Clearance of trebananib (AMG 386), a 64-kD antiangiogenic peptibody, has been associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We prospectively evaluated trebananib pharmacokinetics and safety/tolerability in advanced solid tumor patients with varying degrees of renal function. Patients were assigned to normal renal function, mild, moderate, or severe renal dysfunction cohorts based on eGFR, received trebananib 15 mg/kg i.v. weekly, and underwent week 1 and week 5 pharmacokinetic and weekly safety assessments. For 28 patients, trebananib clearance decreased from normal renal function (1.52 mL/hr/kg), to mild (1.20 mL/hr/kg), moderate (0.79 mL/hr/kg), and severe (0.53 mL/hr/kg) renal dysfunction (P ≤ 0.001). Treatment-related adverse events showed no association with clearance. Trebananib clearance was proportional to eGFR and unrelated to pretreatment protein excretion. These data confirm a role for renal clearance of a recombinant peptibody with molecular weight <69 kD and support a longer dosing interval for patients with severe renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wu
- Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - L D Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - R D Harvey
- Emory University, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - E Gamelin
- Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Y-N Sun
- Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - G Friberg
- Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - J L Koyner
- University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Dowlati
- Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - M L Maitland
- University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Inova Schar Cancer Institute and Center for Personalized Health, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
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Targeting O-Acetyl-GD2 Ganglioside for Cancer Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:5604891. [PMID: 28154831 PMCID: PMC5244029 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5604891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Target selection is a key feature in cancer immunotherapy, a promising field in cancer research. In this respect, gangliosides, a broad family of structurally related glycolipids, were suggested as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy based on their higher abundance in tumors when compared with the matched normal tissues. GD2 is the first ganglioside proven to be an effective target antigen for cancer immunotherapy with the regulatory approval of dinutuximab, a chimeric anti-GD2 therapeutic antibody. Although the therapeutic efficacy of anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies is well documented, neuropathic pain may limit its application. O-Acetyl-GD2, the O-acetylated-derivative of GD2, has recently received attention as novel antigen to target GD2-positive cancers. The present paper examines the role of O-acetyl-GD2 in tumor biology as well as the available preclinical data of anti-O-acetyl-GD2 monoclonal antibodies. A discussion on the relevance of O-acetyl-GD2 in chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy development is also included.
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Hogan NC, Cloutier AM, Hunter IW. Jet injection of a monoclonal antibody: A preliminary study. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:7336-40. [PMID: 26737986 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7320086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a major group of biotherapeutics. The high concentration and volume of drug administered together with a shift to administration via the subcutaneous route have generated interest in alternative delivery technologies. The feasibility of using a novel, highly controllable jet injection technology to deliver a mAb is presented. The effect of delivery parameters on protein structure were evaluated and compared with delivery using a conventional needle and syringe. Injection of mAb into a rat model showed that jet injection using the device resulted in more rapid absorption and longer duration of exposure.
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15
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Revill P, Locarnini S. The Basis for Antiviral Therapy: Drug Targets, Cross-Resistance, and Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors. MOLECULAR AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22330-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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The Development of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies: Overview of the Nonclinical Safety Assessment. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2015; 19:2. [DOI: 10.1007/s11916-014-0472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Sewell F, Chapman K, Baldrick P, Brewster D, Broadmeadow A, Brown P, Burns-Naas LA, Clarke J, Constan A, Couch J, Czupalla O, Danks A, DeGeorge J, de Haan L, Hettinger K, Hill M, Festag M, Jacobs A, Jacobson-Kram D, Kopytek S, Lorenz H, Moesgaard SG, Moore E, Pasanen M, Perry R, Ragan I, Robinson S, Schmitt PM, Short B, Lima BS, Smith D, Sparrow S, van Bekkum Y, Jones D. Recommendations from a global cross-company data sharing initiative on the incorporation of recovery phase animals in safety assessment studies to support first-in-human clinical trials. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 70:413-29. [PMID: 25078890 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An international expert group which includes 30 organisations (pharmaceutical companies, contract research organisations, academic institutions and regulatory bodies) has shared data on the use of recovery animals in the assessment of pharmaceutical safety for early development. These data have been used as an evidence-base to make recommendations on the inclusion of recovery animals in toxicology studies to achieve scientific objectives, while reducing animal use. Recovery animals are used in pharmaceutical development to provide information on the potential for a toxic effect to translate into long-term human risk. They are included on toxicology studies to assess whether effects observed during dosing persist or reverse once treatment ends. The group devised a questionnaire to collect information on the use of recovery animals in general regulatory toxicology studies to support first-in-human studies. Questions focused on study design, the rationale behind inclusion or exclusion and the impact this had on internal and regulatory decisions. Data on 137 compounds (including 53 biologicals and 78 small molecules) from 259 studies showed wide variation in where, when and why recovery animals were included. An analysis of individual study and programme design shows that there are opportunities to reduce the use of recovery animals without impacting drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Sewell
- UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement & Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK.
| | - Kathryn Chapman
- UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement & Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Paul Baldrick
- Covance Laboratories Ltd, Otley Road, Harrogate HG3 1PY, UK
| | - David Brewster
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Paul Brown
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | | | | - Alex Constan
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jessica Couch
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Andy Danks
- Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services, Tranent, Edinburgh EH33 2NE, UK
| | - Joseph DeGeorge
- Merck, 770 Sumneytown Pike, Mailstop WP45-201, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | | | - Klaudia Hettinger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Traisengasse 5, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marilyn Hill
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Festag
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, CH - 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Abby Jacobs
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - David Jacobson-Kram
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | | - Helga Lorenz
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Emma Moore
- Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd, Alconbury, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire PE28 4HS, UK
| | - Markku Pasanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rick Perry
- Pfizer Drug Safety Research and Development, 455 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Ian Ragan
- Board member, NC3Rs, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Sally Robinson
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Petra M Schmitt
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Agency for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Brian Short
- Allergan, Drug Safety Evaluation, 2525 Dupont Dr, RD-2A, Irvine, CA 92612-1599, USA
| | | | - Diane Smith
- Millenium: The Takeda Oncology Company, 40 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sue Sparrow
- GlaxoSmithKline, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Yvette van Bekkum
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - David Jones
- Medicines Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), UK
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18
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Brennan FR, Cauvin A, Tibbitts J, Wolfreys A. Optimized nonclinical safety assessment strategies supporting clinical development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting inflammatory diseases. Drug Dev Res 2014; 75:115-61. [PMID: 24782266 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and IgG Fc fusion proteins are either approved or in early-to-late stage clinical trials for the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection. The exquisite specificity of mAbs, in combination with their multi-functional properties, high potency, long half-life (permitting intermittent dosing and prolonged pharamcological effects), and general lack of off-target toxicity makes them ideal therapeutics. Dosing with mAbs for these severe and debilitating but often non life-threatening diseases is usually prolonged, for several months or years, and not only affects adults, including sensitive populations such as woman of child-bearing potential (WoCBP) and the elderly, but also children. Immunosuppression is usually a therapeutic goal of these mAbs and when administered to patients whose treatment program often involves other immunosuppressive therapies, there is an inherent risk for frank immunosuppression and reduced host defence which when prolonged increases the risk of infection and cancer. In addition when mAbs interact with the immune system they can induce other adverse immune-mediated drug reactions such as infusion reactions, cytokine release syndrome, anaphylaxis, immune-complex-mediated pathology and autoimmunity. An overview of the nonclinical safety assessment and risk mitigation strategies utilized to characterize these immunomodulatory mAbs and Fc fusion proteins to support first-in human (FIH) studies and futher clinical development in inflammatory disease indications is provided. Specific emphasis is placed on the design of studies to qualify animal species for toxicology studies, early studies to investigate safety and define PK/PD relationships, FIH-enabling and chronic toxicology studies, immunotoxicity, developmental, reproductive and juvenile toxicity studies and studies to determine the potential for immunosuppression and reduced host defence against infection and cancer. Nonclinical strategies to facilitate clinical and market entry in the most efficient timeframe are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Brennan
- Preclinical Safety, New Medicines, UCB-Celltech, Slough, SL1 3WE, UK
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19
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Wu B, Sun YN. Pharmacokinetics of Peptide-Fc fusion proteins. J Pharm Sci 2013; 103:53-64. [PMID: 24285510 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-Fc fusion proteins (or peptibodies) are chimeric proteins generated by fusing a biologically active peptide with the Fc-domain of immunoglobulin G. In this review, we describe recent studies that have evaluated the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics of peptibodies. Key features of the pharmacokinetics of peptibodies include their extended half-life due to recycling by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), a substantial contribution by renal excretion to total clearance and, for certain peptibodies, target-mediated drug disposition. The prolonged half-life of peptibodies permits less-frequent dose administration compared with small therapeutic peptides, thereby supporting patient convenience and compliance. Hence, a considerable number of peptibodies are currently in preclinical and clinical development. Investigation of the metabolism (biotransformation) of biologics is an evolving area of research: ligand-binding mass spectrometry techniques have been employed for the characterization of the peptibody romiplostim, providing a new approach to evaluation of the degradation products of biologics. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation techniques have been used to predict the pharmacokinetics of peptibodies which can inform clinical decision-making, particularly selection of dosing regimens. This integrated review highlights the distinct pharmacokinetic characteristics of peptibodies and their influence on the drug development process for this emerging family of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Quantitative Pharmacology Group, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, 91320
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20
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Wang X, Quarmby V, Ng C, Chuntharapai A, Shek T, Eigenbrot C, Kelley RF, Shia S, McCutcheon KM, Lowe J, Leddy C, Coachman K, Cain G, Chu F, Hotzel I, Maia M, Wakshull E, Yang J. Generation and characterization of a unique reagent that recognizes a panel of recombinant human monoclonal antibody therapeutics in the presence of endogenous human IgG. MAbs 2013; 5:540-54. [PMID: 23774668 PMCID: PMC3906308 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.24822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic (PK) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays are essential to the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) during drug development. These methods require reagents with a high degree of specificity because low concentrations of therapeutic antibody need to be detected in samples containing high concentrations of endogenous human immunoglobulins. Current assay reagent generation practices are labor-intensive and time-consuming. Moreover, these practices are molecule-specific and so only support one assay for one program at a time. Here, we describe a strategy to generate a unique assay reagent, 10C4, that preferentially recognizes a panel of recombinant human mAbs over endogenous human immunoglobulins. This "panel-specific" feature enables the reagent to be used in PK and IHC assays for multiple structurally-related therapeutic mAbs. Characterization revealed that the 10C4 epitope is conformational, extensive and mainly composed of non-CDR residues. Most key contact residues were conserved among structurally-related therapeutic mAbs, but the combination of these residues exists at low prevalence in endogenous human immunoglobulins. Interestingly, an indirect contact residue on the heavy chain of the therapeutic appears to play a critical role in determining whether or not it can bind to 10C4, but has no affect on target binding. This may allow us to improve the binding of therapeutic mAbs to 10C4 for assay development in the future. Here, for the first time, we present a strategy to develop a panel-specific reagent that can expedite the development of multiple clinical assays for structurally-related therapeutic mAbs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/chemistry
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/immunology
- Humans
- Hybridomas
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdan Wang
- BioAnalytical Sciences; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Valerie Quarmby
- BioAnalytical Sciences; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Carl Ng
- BioAnalytical Sciences; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - Theresa Shek
- Antibody Engineering; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Charles Eigenbrot
- Antibody Engineering; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
- Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - Steven Shia
- Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - John Lowe
- BioAnalytical Sciences; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Cecilia Leddy
- BioAnalytical Sciences; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Kyle Coachman
- BioAnalytical Sciences; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Gary Cain
- Safety Assessment; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Felix Chu
- Pathology; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Isidro Hotzel
- Antibody Engineering; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Mauricio Maia
- BioAnalytical Sciences; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Eric Wakshull
- BioAnalytical Sciences; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jihong Yang
- BioAnalytical Sciences; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
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21
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Perry R, Farris G, Bienvenu JG, Dean C, Foley G, Mahrt C, Short B. Society of Toxicologic Pathology position paper on best practices on recovery studies: the role of the anatomic pathologist. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 41:1159-69. [PMID: 23531793 DOI: 10.1177/0192623313481513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the regulatory guidelines that provide for the inclusion of recovery groups in toxicology studies, presents the challenges in the design and interpretation of nonclinical recovery studies, and summarizes the best practices for the role of an anatomic pathologist regarding toxicology studies with recovery groups. Evaluating the potential recovery of histopathologic findings induced by a biopharmaceutical requires the active participation of one or more anatomic pathologists. Their expertise is critical in risk assessment regarding the potential for recovery as well as providing scientific guidance in the design and evaluation of studies with recovery groups.
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22
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Tamaki C, Nagayama T, Hashiba M, Fujiyoshi M, Hizue M, Kodaira H, Nishida M, Suzuki K, Takashima Y, Ogino Y, Yasugi D, Yoneta Y, Hisada S, Ohkura T, Nakamura K. Potentials and limitations of nonclinical safety assessment for predicting clinical adverse drug reactions: correlation analysis of 142 approved drugs in Japan. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:581-98. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tamaki
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
- Preclinical, Japan Regulatory Affairs, Drug Development, Eli Lilly Japan K.K
| | - Takashi Nagayama
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
- Non-Clinical Development, UCB Japan Co., Ltd
| | - Masamichi Hashiba
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
- Development Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Masato Fujiyoshi
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
| | - Masanori Hizue
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
- DSRD-Tokyo, Pfizer Japan Inc
| | - Hiroshi Kodaira
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
- Development Planning and Coordination, Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd
| | - Minoru Nishida
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
- Research & Development Center, Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Kazuhiko Suzuki
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
- Translational Sciences, Novartis Pharma K.K
| | - Yoshiharu Takashima
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
- Preclinical Experts, Regulatory Affairs, Product Development Department, Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd
| | - Yamato Ogino
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
- Drug Research Department, Toa Eiyo Ltd
| | - Daisaku Yasugi
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
- Research & Development Center, Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Yasuo Yoneta
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Research Department, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Shigeru Hisada
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
- Developmental Research Center, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Takako Ohkura
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
- Department of Clinical Development, Maruishi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Kazuichi Nakamura
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, Drug Evaluation Committee, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
- Global Regulatory Affairs Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd
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23
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Vargas HM, Amouzadeh HR, Engwall MJ. Nonclinical strategy considerations for safety pharmacology: evaluation of biopharmaceuticals. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2012; 12:91-102. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2013.745851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Alvarez-Rueda N, Desselle A, Cochonneau D, Chaumette T, Clemenceau B, Leprieur S, Bougras G, Supiot S, Mussini JM, Barbet J, Saba J, Paris F, Aubry J, Birklé S. A monoclonal antibody to O-acetyl-GD2 ganglioside and not to GD2 shows potent anti-tumor activity without peripheral nervous system cross-reactivity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25220. [PMID: 21966461 PMCID: PMC3178631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against GD2 ganglioside have been shown to be effective for the treatment of neuroblastoma. Beneficial actions are, however, associated with generalized pain due to the binding of anti- GD2 mAbs to peripheral nerve fibers followed by complement activation. Neuroblastoma cells that express GD2 also express its O-acetyl derivative, O-acetyl- GD2 ganglioside (OAcGD2). Hence, we investigated the distribution of OAcGD2 in human tissues using mAb 8B6 to study the cross-reactivity of mAb 8B6 with human tissues. Methodology/Principal Findings The distribution of OAcGD2 was performed in normal and malignant tissues using an immunoperoxydase technique. Anti-tumor properties of mAb 8B6 were studied in vitro and in vivo in a transplanted tumor model in mice. We found that OAcGD2 is not expressed by peripheral nerve fibers. Furthermore, we demonstrated that mAb 8B6 was very effective in the in vitro and in vivo suppression of the growth of tumor cells. Importantly, mAb 8B6 anti-tumor efficacy was comparable to that of mAb 14G2a specific to GD2. Conclusion/Significance Development of therapeutic antibodies specific to OAcGD2 may offer treatment options with reduced adverse side effects, thereby allowing dose escalation of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Alvarez-Rueda
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Nantes Angers, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, U892, France
| | - Ariane Desselle
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Nantes Angers, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, U892, France
| | - Denis Cochonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Nantes Angers, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, U892, France
| | - Tanguy Chaumette
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Nantes Angers, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, U892, France
| | - Béatrice Clemenceau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Nantes Angers, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, U892, France
| | - Stéphanie Leprieur
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Nantes Angers, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, U892, France
| | - Gwenola Bougras
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Nantes Angers, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, U892, France
| | - Stéphane Supiot
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Nantes Angers, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, U892, France
| | - Jean-Marie Mussini
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuro-Musculaires Rares Nantes-Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Barbet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Nantes Angers, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, U892, France
| | - Julie Saba
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - François Paris
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Nantes Angers, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, U892, France
| | - Jacques Aubry
- UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, France
| | - Stéphane Birklé
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Nantes Angers, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, U892, France
- UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, France
- * E-mail:
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25
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Munro TP, Mahler SM, Huang EP, Chin DY, Gray PP. Bridging the gap: facilities and technologies for development of early stage therapeutic mAb candidates. MAbs 2011; 3:440-52. [PMID: 21822050 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.3.5.16968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) currently dominate the biologics marketplace. Development of a new therapeutic mAb candidate is a complex, multistep process and early stages of development typically begin in an academic research environment. Recently, a number of facilities and initiatives have been launched to aid researchers along this difficult path and facilitate progression of the next mAb blockbuster. Complementing this, there has been a renewed interest from the pharmaceutical industry to reconnect with academia in order to boost dwindling pipelines and encourage innovation. In this review, we examine the steps required to take a therapeutic mAb from discovery through early stage preclinical development and toward becoming a feasible clinical candidate. Discussion of the technologies used for mAb discovery, production in mammalian cells and innovations in single-use bioprocessing is included. We also examine regulatory requirements for product quality and characterization that should be considered at the earliest stages of mAb development. We provide details on the facilities available to help researchers and small-biotech build value into early stage product development, and include examples from within our own facility of how technologies are utilized and an analysis of our client base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent P Munro
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD Australia.
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26
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Korkmaz B, Horwitz MS, Jenne DE, Gauthier F. Neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G as therapeutic targets in human diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 62:726-59. [PMID: 21079042 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 581] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are the first cells recruited to inflammatory sites and form the earliest line of defense against invading microorganisms. Neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G are three hematopoietic serine proteases stored in large quantities in neutrophil cytoplasmic azurophilic granules. They act in combination with reactive oxygen species to help degrade engulfed microorganisms inside phagolysosomes. These proteases are also externalized in an active form during neutrophil activation at inflammatory sites, thus contributing to the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. As multifunctional proteases, they also play a regulatory role in noninfectious inflammatory diseases. Mutations in the ELA2/ELANE gene, encoding neutrophil elastase, are the cause of human congenital neutropenia. Neutrophil membrane-bound proteinase 3 serves as an autoantigen in Wegener granulomatosis, a systemic autoimmune vasculitis. All three proteases are affected by mutations of the gene (CTSC) encoding dipeptidyl peptidase I, a protease required for activation of their proform before storage in cytoplasmic granules. Mutations of CTSC cause Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome. Because of their roles in host defense and disease, elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G are of interest as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we describe the physicochemical functions of these proteases, toward a goal of better delineating their role in human diseases and identifying new therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of their bioavailability and activity. We also describe how nonhuman primate experimental models could assist with testing the efficacy of proposed therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM U-618 Protéases et Vectorisation Pulmonaires, Université François Rabelais, Faculté de médecine, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, Tours, France.
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27
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Baldrick P. Safety evaluation of biological drugs: What are toxicology studies in primates telling us? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 59:227-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Brennan FR, Morton LD, Spindeldreher S, Kiessling A, Allenspach R, Hey A, Muller PY, Frings W, Sims J. Safety and immunotoxicity assessment of immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2010; 2:233-55. [PMID: 20421713 PMCID: PMC2881251 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.2.3.11782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Most therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) licensed for human use or in clinical development are indicated for treatment of patients with cancer and inflammatory/autoimmune disease and as such, are designed to directly interact with the immune system. A major hurdle for the development and early clinical investigation of many of these immunomodulatory mAbs is their inherent risk for adverse immune-mediated drug reactions in humans such as infusion reactions, cytokine storms, immunosuppression and autoimmunity. A thorough understanding of the immunopharmacology of a mAb in humans and animals is required to both anticipate the clinical risk of adverse immunotoxicological events and to select a safe starting dose for first-in-human (FIH) clinical studies. This review summarizes the most common adverse immunotoxicological events occurring in humans with immunomodulatory mAbs and outlines non-clinical strategies to define their immunopharmacology and assess their immunotoxic potential, as well as reduce the risk of immunotoxicity through rational mAb design. Tests to assess the relative risk of mAb candidates for cytokine release syndrome, innate immune system (dendritic cell) activation and immunogenicity in humans are also described. The importance of selecting a relevant and sensitive toxicity species for human safety assessment in which the immunopharmacology of the mAb is similar to that expected in humans is highlighted, as is the importance of understanding the limitations of the species selected for human safety assessment and supplementation of in vivo safety assessment with appropriate in vitro human assays. A tiered approach to assess effects on immune status, immune function and risk of infection and cancer, governed by the mechanism of action and structural features of the mAb, is described. Finally, the use of immunopharmacology and immunotoxicity data in determining a minimum anticipated biologic effect Level (MABEL) and in the selection of safe human starting dose is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Brennan
- Novartis Biologicals, Translational Sciences and Safety, Basel, Switzerland.
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