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Bos M, Colucci F. A New Look at Immunogenetics of Pregnancy: Maternal Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Educates Uterine Natural Killer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8869. [PMID: 39201555 PMCID: PMC11354926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Our incomplete knowledge of maternal-fetal interface (MFI) physiology impedes a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms leading to pregnancy complications, such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. At the MFI, uterine natural killer (uNK) cells do not attack fetal cells but engage in crosstalk with both fetal and maternal cells to support feto-placental development. However, mother and fetus are genetically half-mismatched and certain combinations of variable immune genes-human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR), indeed, the most variable gene sets in the genome-associate with pregnancy outcomes, suggesting that these interactions regulate uNK cell function. How do these interactions influence the physiology and pathology at the MFI? Uterine NK cell function is regulated by both maternal and fetal Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC); however, evidence for fetal cells educating uNK cells is lacking, and new evidence shows that maternal rather than fetal MHC class I molecules educate uNK cells. Furthermore, uNK cell education works through self-recognition by the ancient and conserved NKG2A receptor. Pregnant mice lacking this receptor produce normal litter sizes, but a significant portion of the offspring have low birthweight and abnormal brain development. Evidence from a genome-wide association study of over 150,000 human pregnancies validates the finding because women whose NKG2A receptor is genetically determined to engage their own MHC class I molecules are exposed to lower risk of developing pre-eclampsia, suggesting that maternal uNK cell education is a pre-requisite for a healthy pregnancy and, likely, for healthy offspring too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Bos
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
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Yao H, Huang C, Zou J, Liang W, Zhao Y, Yang K, Zhong Z, Zhou S, Li J, Li Y, Xu L, Huang K, Lian G. Extracellular vesicle-packaged lncRNA from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes immune evasion by downregulating HLA-A in pancreatic cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12484. [PMID: 39041344 PMCID: PMC11263977 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by immune evasion that contribute to poor prognosis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a pivotal role in orchestrating the PDAC tumour microenvironment. We investigated the role of CAF-derived extracellular vesicle (EV)-packaged long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in immune evasion and explored gene therapy using engineered EVs loading small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as a potential therapeutic strategy. Our findings highlight the significance of EV-packaged lncRNA RP11-161H23.5 from CAF in promoting PDAC immune evasion by downregulating HLA-A expression, a key component of antigen presentation. Mechanistically, RP11-161H23.5 forms a complex with CNOT4, a subunit of the mRNA deadenylase CCR4-NOT complex, enhancing the degradation of HLA-A mRNA by shortening its poly(A) tail. This immune evasion mechanism compromises the anti-tumour immune response. To combat this, we propose an innovative approach utilising engineered EVs as natural and biocompatible nanocarriers for siRNA-based gene therapy and this strategy holds promise for enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapy in PDAC. Overall, our study sheds light on the critical role of CAF-derived EV-packaged lncRNA RP11-161H23.5/CNOT4/HLA-A axis in PDAC immune evasion and presents a novel avenue for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanming Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of GastroenterologySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chengzhi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinmao Zou
- Department of GastroenterologySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weiling Liang
- Department of GastroenterologySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of GastroenterologySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Kege Yang
- Department of GastroenterologySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- Department of GastroenterologySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shurui Zhou
- Department of GastroenterologySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of NephrologySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yaqing Li
- Department of GastroenterologySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lishu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Kaihong Huang
- Department of GastroenterologySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guoda Lian
- Department of GastroenterologySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Huang G, Tang X, Zheng P. DeepHLAPred: a deep learning-based method for non-classical HLA binder prediction. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:706. [PMID: 37993812 PMCID: PMC10666343 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is closely involved in regulating the human immune system. Despite great advance in detecting classical HLA Class I binders, there are few methods or toolkits for recognizing non-classical HLA Class I binders. To fill in this gap, we have developed a deep learning-based tool called DeepHLAPred. The DeepHLAPred used electron-ion interaction pseudo potential, integer numerical mapping and accumulated amino acid frequency as initial representation of non-classical HLA binder sequence. The deep learning module was used to further refine high-level representations. The deep learning module comprised two parallel convolutional neural networks, each followed by maximum pooling layer, dropout layer, and bi-directional long short-term memory network. The experimental results showed that the DeepHLAPred reached the state-of-the-art performanceson the cross-validation test and the independent test. The extensive test demonstrated the rationality of the DeepHLAPred. We further analyzed sequence pattern of non-classical HLA class I binders by information entropy. The information entropy of non-classical HLA binder sequence implied sequence pattern to a certain extent. In addition, we have developed a user-friendly webserver for convenient use, which is available at http://www.biolscience.cn/DeepHLApred/ . The tool and the analysis is helpful to detect non-classical HLA Class I binder. The source code and data is available at https://github.com/tangxingyu0/DeepHLApred .
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Huang
- School of Information Technology and Administration, Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha, Hunan, 410215, China.
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, 422000, China.
| | - Xingyu Tang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, 422000, China
| | - Peijie Zheng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, 422000, China
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Paganini J, Faux P, Beley S, Picard C, Chiaroni J, Di Cristofaro J. HLA-F transcriptional and protein differential expression according to its genetic polymorphisms. HLA 2023; 102:578-589. [PMID: 37166140 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Many specificities single out HLA-F: its structure, expression regulation at cell membrane and function. HLA-F mRNA is detected in the most cell types and the protein is localized in the ER and Golgi apparatus. When expressed at cell surface, HLA-F may be associated to β2-microglobulin and peptide or expressed as an open-conformer molecule. HLA-F reaches the membrane upon activation of different primary cell types and cell-lines. HLA-F has its highest affinity for the KIR3DS1-activating NK receptor, but also binds inhibitory immune receptors. Some studies reported that HLA-F expression is associated with its genotype. Higher HLA-F mRNA expression associated with F*01:01:02, and 3 noncoding SNPs, rs1362126, rs2523405, and rs2523393, located in HLA-F-AS1 or upstream the HLA-F sequence were associated with HLA-F mRNA expression. Given the implication of HLA-F in many clinical setting, and the undisclosed process of its expression regulation, we aim to confirm the effect of the aforementioned SNPs with HLA-F transcriptional and protein expression. We analyzed the distribution, frequency and linkage disequilibrium of these SNPs at worldwide scale in the 1000 Genomes Project samples. Influence on the genotype of each SNP on HLA-F expression was explored using RNAseq data from the 1000 Genomes Project, and using Q-PCR and intracellular cytometry in PBMC from healthy individuals. Our results show that the SNPs under studied displayed remarkably different allelic proportion according to geography and confirm that rs1362126, rs2523405, and rs2523393 displayed the most concordant results, with the highest effect size and a double-dose effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Faux
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INPT, INP-ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, EFS, ADES, UMR7268, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Beley
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, EFS, ADES, UMR7268, Marseille, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang PACA Corse, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Picard
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, EFS, ADES, UMR7268, Marseille, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang PACA Corse, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Chiaroni
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, EFS, ADES, UMR7268, Marseille, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang PACA Corse, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Di Cristofaro
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, EFS, ADES, UMR7268, Marseille, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang PACA Corse, Marseille, France
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Ormandjieva A, Yordanov S, Stoyanov H, Deliverska E, Shivarov V, Ivanova M. The role of non-classical and chain-related human leukocyte antigen polymorphisms in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7245-7252. [PMID: 37418079 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the major pathological subtype of laryngeal cancer. It has been shown that alterations of the expression of non-classical human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and the chain-related MIC molecules by malignant cells can lead to escape from the immune system control and certain allele variants may participate in immune editing and therefore be associated with modulation of cancer risk. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of non-classical HLA class Ib and chain-related MIC polymorphisms, determined at the allelic level by next-generation sequencing (NGS), in patients from the Bulgarian population, diagnosed with LSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study DNA samples from 48 patients with LSCC were used. Data was compared to 63 healthy controls analysed in previous studies. HLA genotyping was performed by using the AlloSeq Tx17 early pooling protocol and the library preparation AlloSeq Tx17 kit (CareDx). Sequencing was performed on MiniSeq sequencing platform (Illumina) and HLA genotypes were assigned with the AlloSeq Assign analysis software v1.0.3 (CareDx) and the IPD-IMGT/HLA database 3.45.1.2. RESULTS The HLA disease association tests revealed a statistically significant predisposing association of HLA-F*01:01:02 (Pc = 0.0103, OR = 24.0194) with LSCC, while HLA-F*01:01:01 (Pc = 8.21e-04, OR = 0.0485) has a possible protective association. Additionally we observed several haplotypes with statistically significant protective and predisposing associations. The strongest association was observed for F*01:01:01-H*01:01:01 (P = 0.0054, haplotype score=-2.7801). CONCLUSION Our preliminary study suggests the involvement of HLA class Ib in cancer development and the possible role of the shown alleles as biomarkers of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ormandjieva
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | | | - Hristo Stoyanov
- Department of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, FDM, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elitsa Deliverska
- Department of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, FDM, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Velizar Shivarov
- Department of Experimental Research, Medical University Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Ivanova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Clinical Immunology with Stem Cell Bank, University Hospital ''Alexandrovska'', Sofia, Bulgaria
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6
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Qiao W, Jia Z, Guo W, Liu Q, Guo X, Deng M. Prognostic and Clinical Significance of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Expression in Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:573-582. [PMID: 37464212 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The value of human leukocyte antigen (HLA; also known as major histocompatibility complex) class I expression for the prediction of breast cancer survival outcomes remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to explore the prognostic significance of this expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched electronic databases to identify reports on associations of HLA class I protein or mRNA expression with survival outcomes and clinicopathological factors in the breast cancer context. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to conduct a quantitative meta-analysis. RESULTS The sample comprised eight studies involving 3590 patients. Only the classical HLA class Ia (HLA-ABC) molecules studies were included in this meta-analysis. Elevated HLA class I protein expression was found to be significantly related to better disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.95, P = 0.03), particularly among patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.18-0.52, P < 0.001), but not to overall survival. It was also associated with estrogen receptor (ER) negativity (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.24-2.35, P = 0.001), progesterone receptor (PR) negativity (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.22-1.81, P < 0.001), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.18-1.94, P = 0.001), TNBC (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.15-2.45, P < 0.01), high Ki-67 indices (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.62-2.61, P < 0.001), and high nuclear grades (OR 2.67, 95% CI 2.17-3.29, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrated that enhanced HLA class I protein expression is significantly associated with the better DFS of patients with breast cancer, especially TNBC, as well as with ER and PR negativity, HER2 positivity, TNBC, and high Ki-67 indices and nuclear grades. The immune target HLA class I may serve as a prognostic indicator for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jia
- Henan Provincial Key Medical Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Wanying Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Qipeng Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Miao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang, 471000, China.
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Jiang W, Hu K, Liu X, Gao J, Zhu L. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals the clinical implications of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1611210. [PMID: 37475874 PMCID: PMC10354270 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is the most common malignant tumor that arises in the epithelium of the head and neck regions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the tumor-infiltrating immune cell populations, which play a powerful role in inhibiting anti-tumor immune response. Herein, we employed a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset to dissect the heterogeneity of myeloid cells. We found that SPP1 + tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and MDSCs were the most abundant myeloid cells in the microenvironment. By cell cluster deconvolution from bulk RNA-seq datasets of larger patient groups, we observed that highly-infiltrated MDSC was a poor prognostic marker for patients' overall survival (OS) probabilities. To better apply the MDSC OS prediction values, we identified a set of six MDSC-related genes (ALDOA, CD52, FTH1, RTN4, SLC2A3, and TNFAIP6) as the prognostic signature. In both training and test cohorts, MDSC-related prognostic signature showed a promising value for predicting patients' prognosis outcomes. Further parsing the ligand-receptor pairs of intercellular communications by CellChat, we found that MDSCs could frequently interact with cytotoxic CD8 + T cells, SPP1 + TAMs, and endothelial cells. These interactions likely contributed to the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and the promotion of tumor angiogenesis. Our findings suggest that targeting MDSCs may serve as an alternative and promising target for the immunotherapy of HNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenru Jiang
- Department of Implant and Prosthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kangyao Hu
- Department of Implant and Prosthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Implant and Prosthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jili Gao
- Department of Implant and Prosthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Department of Implant and Prosthodontics, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin, China
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Laphanuwat P, Gomes DCO, Akbar AN. Senescent T cells: Beneficial and detrimental roles. Immunol Rev 2023; 316:160-175. [PMID: 37098109 PMCID: PMC10952287 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
As the thymus involutes during aging, the T-cell pool has to be maintained by the periodic expansion of preexisting T cells during adulthood. A conundrum is that repeated episodes of activation and proliferation drive the differentiation of T cells toward replicative senescence, due to telomere erosion. This review discusses mechanisms that regulate the end-stage differentiation (senescence) of T cells. Although these cells, within both CD4 and CD8 compartments, lose proliferative activity after antigen-specific challenge, they acquire innate-like immune function. While this may confer broad immune protection during aging, these senescent T cells may also cause immunopathology, especially in the context of excessive inflammation in tissue microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatthamon Laphanuwat
- Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand
| | - Daniel Claudio Oliveira Gomes
- Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Núcleo de Doenças InfecciosasUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoVitoriaBrazil
- Núcleo de BiotecnologiaUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoVitoriaBrazil
| | - Arne N. Akbar
- Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Pawlowski KD, Duffy JT, Tiwari A, Zannikou M, Balyasnikova IV. Bi-Specific Killer Cell Engager Enhances NK Cell Activity against Interleukin-13 Receptor Alpha-2 Positive Gliomas. Cells 2023; 12:1716. [PMID: 37443750 PMCID: PMC10340194 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor with limited therapeutic options. Bi-specific killer cell engagers (BiKEs) are novel immunotherapies designed to engage natural killer (NK) cells against cancer. We designed a BiKE molecule consisting of a single-domain CD16 antibody, an interleukin-15 linker, and a single-chain variable antibody against the glioma-associated antigen interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2). Recombinant BiKE protein was expressed in HEK cells and purified. Flow cytometric analysis of co-cultures of peripheral blood-derived NK cells with GBM6 and GBM39 patient-derived xenograft lines revealed significantly increased activation of NK cells (CD25+CD69+) and increased glioma cell killing following BiKE treatment compared to controls (n = 4, p < 0.01). Glioma cell killing was also confirmed via immunofluorescence staining for cleaved caspase-3 (p < 0.05). In vivo, intracranial delivery of NK cells with BiKE extended median survival in mice bearing GBM6 (p < 0.01) and GBM12 (p < 0.01) tumors compared to controls. Finally, histological analysis of brain tissues revealed a higher frequency of peritumoral NK cells in mice treated with BiKE than with NK cells alone (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrate that a BiKE generated in a mammalian expression system is functional in augmenting NK cell targeting of IL13Rα2-positive gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D. Pawlowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Joseph T. Duffy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Arushi Tiwari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Markella Zannikou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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10
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Damiani D, Tiribelli M. Checkpoint Inhibitors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1724. [PMID: 37371818 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unsatisfactory. Among the reasons for the poor response to therapy and high incidence of relapse, there is tumor cell immune escape, as AML blasts can negatively influence various components of the immune system, mostly weakening T-cells. Since leukemic cells can dysregulate immune checkpoints (ICs), receptor-based signal transductors that lead to the negative regulation of T-cells and, eventually, to immune surveillance escape, the inhibition of ICs is a promising therapeutic strategy and has led to the development of so-called immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). ICIs, in combination with conventional chemotherapy, hypomethylating agents or targeted therapies, are being increasingly tested in cases of AML, but the results reported are often conflicting. Here, we review the main issues concerning the immune system in AML, the main pathways leading to immune escape and the results obtained from clinical trials of ICIs, alone or in combination, in newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Damiani
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Udine Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Udine University, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mario Tiribelli
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Udine Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Udine University, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Pan S, Guan J, Xianyu B, Tan Y, Li T, Xu H. A Nanotherapeutic Strategy to Reverse NK Cell Exhaustion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211370. [PMID: 36917826 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a specialized immune effector cell, natural killer (NK) cells play a very important role in immunotherapy, but tumor immunosuppression caused by abnormal expression of cancer cells seriously weakens its therapeutic effect and leads to exhaustion. Here, self-assembled selenium-containing nanoparticles (NPs) composed of cetuximab, C5SeSeC5, and inhibitor LY345899 are developed to reverse NK cell exhaustion. The obtained NPs can target epidermal growth factor receptor on the surface of cancer cells and locate it in mitochondria. The released LY345899 can inhibit the activity of methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 and produce excessive reactive oxygen species, leading to the formation of seleninic acid, further reducing the expression of human leukocyte antigen E , which is responsible for the NKG2A-related NK cell inhibition. As a result, the enhanced NK-cell-mediated immunotherapy in conjunction with the cetuximab-mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity effect can not only effectively inhibit the growth of xenograft tumors, but also significantly suppress the growth of untreated distant tumors via the abscopal effect. This work, the combination of seleninic acid, LY345899, and cetuximab, provides a new strategy for reversing NK cell exhaustion and has great potential for use in the treatment of metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuojiong Pan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Guan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Banruo Xianyu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yizheng Tan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Huaping Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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12
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Catalano M, Shabani S, Venturini J, Ottanelli C, Voltolini L, Roviello G. Lung Cancer Immunotherapy: Beyond Common Immune Checkpoints Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:6145. [PMID: 36551630 PMCID: PMC9777293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is an ever-expanding field in lung cancer treatment research. Over the past two decades, there has been significant progress in identifying immunotherapy targets and creating specific therapeutic agents, leading to a major paradigm shift in lung cancer treatment. However, despite the great success achieved with programmed death protein 1/ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies and with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 plus anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), only a minority of lung cancer patients respond to treatment, and of these many subsequently experience disease progression. In addition, immune-related adverse events sometimes can be life-threatening, especially when anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 are used in combination. All of this prompted researchers to identify novel immune checkpoints targets to overcome these limitations. Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Inhibitory Motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) are promising molecules now under investigation. This review aims to outline the current role of immunotherapy in lung cancer and to examine efficacy and future applications of the new immune regulating molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Sonia Shabani
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Jacopo Venturini
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ottanelli
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Voltolini
- Thoraco-Pulmonary Surgery Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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13
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Garrity C, Arzi B, Haus B, Lee CA, Vapniarsky N. A Fresh Glimpse into Cartilage Immune Privilege. Cartilage 2022; 13:119-132. [PMID: 36250484 PMCID: PMC9924976 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221126349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of degenerative cartilage disorders in young patients is a growing public concern worldwide. Cartilage's poor innate regenerative capacity has inspired the exploration and development of cartilage replacement treatments such as tissue-engineered cartilages and osteochondral implants as potential solutions to cartilage loss. The clinical application of tissue-engineered implants is hindered by the lack of long-term follow-up demonstrating efficacy, biocompatibility, and bio-integration. The historically reported immunological privilege of cartilage tissue was based on histomorphological observations pointing out the lack of vascularity and the presence of a tight extracellular matrix. However, clinical studies in humans and animals do not unequivocally support the immune-privilege theory. More in-depth studies on cartilage immunology are needed to make clinical advances such as tissue engineering more applicable. This review analyzes the literature that supports and opposes the concept that cartilage is an immune-privileged tissue and provides insight into mechanisms conferring various degrees of immune privilege to other, more in-depth studied tissues such as testis, eyes, brain, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Garrity
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology
and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological
Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA,
USA
| | - Brian Haus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra A. Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Vapniarsky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology
and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Natalia Vapniarsky, Department of
Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, One
Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA.
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14
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Wang F, Yang M, Luo W, Zhou Q. Characteristics of tumor microenvironment and novel immunotherapeutic strategies for non-small cell lung cancer. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2022; 2:243-262. [PMID: 39036549 PMCID: PMC11256730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment approach of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are widely used in clinical practice, but other antibodies that can circumvent innate and acquired resistance are bound to undergo preclinical and clinical studies. However, tumor cells can develop and facilitate the tolerogenic nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in tumor progression. Therefore, the immune escape mechanisms exploited by growing lung cancer involve a fine interplay between all actors in the TME. A better understanding of the molecular biology of lung cancer and the cellular/molecular mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between lung cancer cells and immune cells in the TME could identify novel therapeutic weapons in the old war against lung cancer. This article discusses the role of TME in the progression of lung cancer and pinpoints possible advances and challenges of immunotherapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingyi Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weichi Luo
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Systemic CD4 Immunity and PD-L1/PD-1 Blockade Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113241. [PMID: 36362027 PMCID: PMC9655397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-L1/PD-1 blockade immunotherapy has changed the therapeutic approaches for the treatment of many cancers. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying its efficacy or treatment failure are still unclear. Proficient systemic immunity seems to be a prerequisite for efficacy, as recently shown in patients and in mouse models. It is widely accepted that expansion of anti-tumor CD8 T cell populations is principally responsible for anti-tumor responses. In contrast, the role of CD4 T cells has been less studied. Here we review and discuss the evidence supporting the contribution of CD4 T cells to anti-tumor immunity, especially recent advances linking CD4 T cell subsets to efficacious PD-L1/PD-1 blockade immunotherapy. We also discuss the role of CD4 T cell memory subsets present in peripheral blood before the start of immunotherapies, and their utility as predictors of response.
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16
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Dubrot J, Du PP, Lane-Reticker SK, Kessler EA, Muscato AJ, Mehta A, Freeman SS, Allen PM, Olander KE, Ockerman KM, Wolfe CH, Wiesmann F, Knudsen NH, Tsao HW, Iracheta-Vellve A, Schneider EM, Rivera-Rosario AN, Kohnle IC, Pope HW, Ayer A, Mishra G, Zimmer MD, Kim SY, Mahapatra A, Ebrahimi-Nik H, Frederick DT, Boland GM, Haining WN, Root DE, Doench JG, Hacohen N, Yates KB, Manguso RT. In vivo CRISPR screens reveal the landscape of immune evasion pathways across cancer. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1495-1506. [PMID: 36151395 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The immune system can eliminate tumors, but checkpoints enable immune escape. Here, we identify immune evasion mechanisms using genome-scale in vivo CRISPR screens across cancer models treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We identify immune evasion genes and important immune inhibitory checkpoints conserved across cancers, including the non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) molecule Qa-1b/HLA-E. Surprisingly, loss of tumor interferon-γ (IFNγ) signaling sensitizes many models to immunity. The immune inhibitory effects of tumor IFN sensing are mediated through two mechanisms. First, tumor upregulation of classical MHC class I inhibits natural killer cells. Second, IFN-induced expression of Qa-1b inhibits CD8+ T cells via the NKG2A/CD94 receptor, which is induced by ICB. Finally, we show that strong IFN signatures are associated with poor response to ICB in individuals with renal cell carcinoma or melanoma. This study reveals that IFN-mediated upregulation of classical and non-classical MHC class I inhibitory checkpoints can facilitate immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Dubrot
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Peter P Du
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Arnav Mehta
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel S Freeman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter M Allen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Clara H Wolfe
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Nelson H Knudsen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian C Kohnle
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hans W Pope
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Austin Ayer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gargi Mishra
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sarah Y Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dennie T Frederick
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- ArsenalBio, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen B Yates
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Robert T Manguso
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Samiec M, Wiater J, Wartalski K, Skrzyszowska M, Trzcińska M, Lipiński D, Jura J, Smorąg Z, Słomski R, Duda M. The Relative Abundances of Human Leukocyte Antigen-E, α-Galactosidase A and α-Gal Antigenic Determinants Are Biased by Trichostatin A-Dependent Epigenetic Transformation of Triple-Transgenic Pig-Derived Dermal Fibroblast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810296. [PMID: 36142211 PMCID: PMC9499218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to establish the mitotically stable adult cutaneous fibroblast cell (ACFC) lines stemming from hFUT2×hGLA×HLA-E triple-transgenic pigs followed by trichostatin A (TSA)-assisted epigenetically modulating the reprogrammability of the transgenes permanently incorporated into the host genome and subsequent comprehensive analysis of molecular signatures related to proteomically profiling the generated ACFC lines. The results of Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses have proved that the profiles of relative abundance (RA) noticed for both recombinant human α-galactosidase A (rhα-Gal A) and human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) underwent significant upregulations in tri-transgenic (3×TG) ACFCs subjected to TSA-mediated epigenetic transformation as compared to not only their TSA-unexposed counterparts but also TSA-treated and untreated non-transgenic (nTG) cells. The RT-qPCR-based analysis of porcine tri-genetically engineered ACFCs revealed stable expression of mRNA fractions transcribed from hFUT2, hGLA and HLA-E transgenes as compared to a lack of such transcriptional activities in non-transgenic ACFC variants. Furthermore, although TSA-based epigenomic modulation has given rise to a remarkable increase in the expression levels of Galα1→3Gal (α-Gal) epitopes that have been determined by lectin blotting analysis, their semi-quantitative profiles have dwindled profoundly in both TSA-exposed and unexposed 3×TG ACFCs as compared to their nTG counterparts. In conclusion, thoroughly exploring proteomic signatures in such epigenetically modulated ex vivo models devised on hFUT2×hGLA×HLA-E triple-transgenic ACFCs that display augmented reprogrammability of translational activities of two mRNA transcripts coding for rhα-Gal A and HLA-E proteins might provide a completely novel and powerful research tool for the panel of further studies. The objective of these future studies should be to multiply the tri-transgenic pigs with the aid of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-based cloning for the purposes of both xenografting the porcine cutaneous bioprostheses and dermoplasty-mediated surgical treatments in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Samiec
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Jerzy Wiater
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 Street, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Kamil Wartalski
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 Street, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Skrzyszowska
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Monika Trzcińska
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Daniel Lipiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11 Street, 60-647 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Jura
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Smorąg
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Słomski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11 Street, 60-647 Poznań, Poland
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32 Street, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Duda
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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18
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Pagliuca S, Gurnari C, Rubio MT, Visconte V, Lenz TL. Individual HLA heterogeneity and its implications for cellular immune evasion in cancer and beyond. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944872. [PMID: 36131910 PMCID: PMC9483928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional variability of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the foundation for competent adaptive immune responses against pathogen and tumor antigens as it assures the breadth of the presented immune-peptidome, theoretically sustaining an efficient and diverse T cell response. This variability is presumably the result of the continuous selection by pathogens, which over the course of evolution shaped the adaptive immune system favoring the assortment of a hyper-polymorphic HLA system able to elaborate efficient immune responses. Any genetic alteration affecting this diversity may lead to pathological processes, perturbing antigen presentation capabilities, T-cell reactivity and, to some extent, natural killer cell functionality. A highly variable germline HLA genotype can convey immunogenetic protection against infections, be associated with tumor surveillance or influence response to anti-neoplastic treatments. In contrast, somatic aberrations of HLA loci, rearranging the original germline configuration, theoretically decreasing its variability, can facilitate mechanisms of immune escape that promote tumor growth and immune resistance. The purpose of the present review is to provide a unified and up-to-date overview of the pathophysiological consequences related to the perturbations of the genomic heterogeneity of HLA complexes and their impact on human diseases, with a special focus on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pagliuca
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research Department, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Service d’hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Brabois, CHRU Nancy and CNRS UMR 7365 IMoPa, Biopole de l’Université de Loarraine, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Carmelo Gurnari
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research Department, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marie Thérèse Rubio
- Service d’hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Brabois, CHRU Nancy and CNRS UMR 7365 IMoPa, Biopole de l’Université de Loarraine, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Valeria Visconte
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research Department, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Tobias L. Lenz
- Research Unit for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Department of Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Liu Q, Zhao H, Guo Y, Zhang K, Shang F, Liu T. Bioinformatics-Based Analysis: Noncoding RNA-Mediated COL10A1 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Immune Cell Infiltration in Pancreatic Cancer. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:7904982. [PMID: 36105715 PMCID: PMC9467764 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7904982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Collagen type X alpha 1 (COL10A1) is a structural component of the extracellular matrix that is aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancer tissues. However, its role in pancreatic cancer progression is not well understood. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and Gene Expression Profiling Interaction Analysis (GEPIA) data were employed to explore the expression of COL10A1 in normal and tumor tissues and its prognostic value in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The clinical data of pancreatic cancer in TCGA were used to explore the relationship between COL10A1 and clinical features. Genes coexpressed with COL10A1 were explored using multiple databases and analyzed for functional enrichment. In addition, the lncRNA/miRNA/COL10A1 axis that may be involved in COL10A1 regulation in pancreatic cancer was explored by constructing a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory axis. Finally, COL10A1 was analyzed for correlation with immune cell infiltration and various immune checkpoint molecules in pancreatic cancer. Results It was found that the expression of COL10A1 was significantly increased in pancreatic cancer tissues. High expression of COL10A1 was related to the clinicopathological characteristics and the worse prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. The TUG1/miR-144-3p/COL10A1 axis was identified as the most likely upstream noncoding RNA pathway for COL10A1 in pancreatic cancer. Besides, in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the expression level of COL10A1 showed a significant positive correlation with tumor immune cell infiltration, biomarkers of immune cells, and expression of immune checkpoint molecules. Conclusion COL10A1 is an early diagnostic marker, and its high expression correlates with immune infiltration in pancreatic cancer. The TUG1/miR-144-3p/COL10A1 axis was identified as the most likely upstream noncoding RNA pathway for COL10A1 in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Center of Digestive Endoscopy, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Fengjia Shang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Tongjun Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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20
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Lazarova D, Bordonaro M. Hypothesis: Mutations and Immunosurveillance in Obesity-Associated Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2022; 13:3044-3050. [PMID: 36046651 PMCID: PMC9414022 DOI: 10.7150/jca.76052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis typically requires the accumulation of several driver gene mutations; therefore, there is a mutation threshold for the completion of the neoplastic process. Obesity increases the risk of cancer, and we have proposed that one mechanism whereby obesity raises the risk of microsatellite stable (MSS) colon cancer is by decreasing the mutation threshold. Therefore, obese MSS colon cancer patients should exhibit fewer driver gene mutations compared to normal body-mass index (BMI) patients. Our hypothesis is supported by results from analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, which revealed that cancer genomes of obese MSS colon patients exhibit both fewer somatic mutations and fewer driver gene mutations. These findings could be explained by the high levels of obesity-associated cytokines and factors, the signaling pathways of which substitute for the additional driver gene mutations detected in normal-weight MSS colon cancer patients. Therefore, obesity-induced aberrant cell signaling might cooperate with initiating driver gene mutations to promote neoplastic development. Consistent with this possibility, we observed a lower number of KRAS mutations in high-BMI MSS colon cancer patients. This paper extends our hypothesis to address the interactions between obesity, immune surveillance in neoplastic development, and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. A better understanding of these interactions will inform future preventive and therapeutic approaches against MSS CRC. We propose that the individual variations in the major histocompatibility class 1 (MHC-1) genotype interact with obesity to shape the tumor mutational landscape. Thus, the efficiency of the immune surveillance mechanisms to select against specific mutations may depend on both the MHC-1 genotype variant and the BMI of an individual. A high BMI is expected to reduce the number of driver gene mutations required to evade the MHC-1 surveillance mechanism and support an accelerated cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Lazarova
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA 18509, USA
| | - Michael Bordonaro
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA 18509, USA
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21
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Helmin-Basa A, Gackowska L, Balcerowska S, Ornawka M, Naruszewicz N, Wiese-Szadkowska M. The application of the natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells in treating various types of cancer. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in the surveillance and clearance of tumor. Intensive research has exposed the mechanisms of recognition and elimination of tumor cells by these immune cells as well as how cancers evade immune response. Hence, harnessing the immune cells has proven to be an effective therapy in treating a variety of cancers. Strategies aimed to harness and augment effector function of these cells for cancer therapy have been the subject of intense researches over the decades. Different immunotherapeutic possibilities are currently being investigated for anti-tumor activity. Pharmacological agents known to influence immune cell migration and function include therapeutic antibodies, modified antibody molecules, toll-like receptor agonists, nucleic acids, chemokine inhibitors, fusion proteins, immunomodulatory drugs, vaccines, adoptive cell transfer and oncolytic virus–based therapy. In this review, we will focus on the preclinical and clinical applications of NK cell, macrophage and DC immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Helmin-Basa
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Lidia Gackowska
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Sara Balcerowska
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Marcelina Ornawka
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Natalia Naruszewicz
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wiese-Szadkowska
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
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Battin C, Kaufmann G, Leitner J, Tobias J, Wiedermann U, Rölle A, Meyer M, Momburg F, Steinberger P. NKG2A-checkpoint inhibition and its blockade critically depends on peptides presented by its ligand HLA-E. Immunology 2022; 166:507-521. [PMID: 35596615 PMCID: PMC9426624 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
NKG2A has emerged as a new immunotherapy target and its blockade with the novel immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monalizumab can boost both NK cell and CD8+ T cell responses. NKG2A forms heterodimers with CD94 and binds to the human non-classical MHC class I molecule HLA-E. HLA-E forms complexes with a limited set of peptides mainly derived from the leader sequences of the classical MHC class I molecules (HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C) and the non-classical class I paralogue HLA-G, and it is well established that the interaction between CD94/NKG2x receptors and its ligand HLA-E is peptide-sensitive. Here, we have evaluated peptide dependence of NKG2A-mediated inhibition and the efficiency of interference by monalizumab in a transcriptional T cell reporter system. NKG2A inhibition was mediated by cell-expressed HLA-E molecules stably presenting disulfate-trapped peptide ligands. We show that different HLA-class I leader peptides mediate varying levels of inhibition. We have used NKG2A/NKG2C chimeric receptors to map the binding site of NKG2A and NKG2C blocking antibodies. Furthermore, we determined the functional EC50 values of blocking NKG2A antibodies and show that they greatly depend on the HLA-leader peptide presented by HLA-E. Monalizumab was less effective in augmenting NK cell-mediated killing of target cells displaying HLA-G peptide on HLA-E, than cells expressing HLA-E complexed with HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C peptides. Our results indicate that peptides displayed by HLA-E molecules on tumour cells might influence the effectivity of NKG2A-ICI therapy and potentially suggest novel approaches for patient stratification, for example, based on tumoral HLA-G levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Battin
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gabriel Kaufmann
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Joshua Tobias
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Rölle
- Clinical Cooperation Unit “Applied Tumor Immunity”German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor DiseasesUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marten Meyer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit “Applied Tumor Immunity”German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
- Antigen Presentation and T/NK Cell Activation GroupDKFZHeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Momburg
- Clinical Cooperation Unit “Applied Tumor Immunity”German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
- Antigen Presentation and T/NK Cell Activation GroupDKFZHeidelbergGermany
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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23
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Jung G, Hernández-Illán E, Lozano JJ, Sidorova J, Muñoz J, Okada Y, Quintero E, Hernandez G, Jover R, Carballal S, Cuatrecasas M, Moreno L, Diaz M, Ocaña T, Sánchez A, Rivero L, Ortiz O, Llach J, Castells A, Pellisé M, Goel A, Batlle E, Balaguer F. Epigenome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling of Normal Mucosa Reveals HLA-F Hypermethylation as a Biomarker Candidate for Serrated Polyposis Syndrome. J Mol Diagn 2022; 24:674-686. [PMID: 35447336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is associated with a high risk for colorectal cancer. Intense promoter hypermethylation is a frequent molecular finding in the serrated pathway and may be present in normal mucosa, predisposing to the formation of serrated lesions. To identify novel biomarkers for SPS, fresh-frozen samples of normal mucosa from 50 patients with SPS and 19 healthy individuals were analyzed by using the 850K BeadChip Technology (Infinium). Aberrant methylation levels were correlated with gene expression using a next-generation transcriptome profiling tool. Two validation steps were performed on independent cohorts: first, on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of the normal mucosa; and second, on 24 serrated lesions. The most frequently hypermethylated genes were HLA-F, SLFN12, HLA-DMA, and RARRES3; and the most frequently hypomethylated genes were PIWIL1 and ANK3 (Δβ = 10%; P < 0.05). Expression levels of HLA-F, SLFN12, and HLA-DMA were significantly different between SPS patients and healthy individuals and correlated well with the methylation status of the corresponding differentially methylated region (fold change, >20%; r > 0.55; P < 0.001). Significant hypermethylation of CpGs in the gene body of HLA-F was also found in serrated lesions (Δβ = 23%; false discovery rate = 0.01). Epigenome-wide methylation profiling has revealed numerous differentially methylated CpGs in normal mucosa from SPS patients. Significant hypermethylation of HLA-F is a novel biomarker candidate for SPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Jung
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Juan J Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Bioinformatics Platform, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Sidorova
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Bioinformatics Platform, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jenifer Muñoz
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasuyuki Okada
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, California; Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Enrique Quintero
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Goretti Hernandez
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jover
- Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Sabela Carballal
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Moreno
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Diaz
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ocaña
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Sánchez
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liseth Rivero
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oswaldo Ortiz
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Llach
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pellisé
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, California; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Extracellular Vesicles—A New Potential Player in the Immunology of Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050772. [PMID: 35629194 PMCID: PMC9144962 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has doubled in the developed world within the last fifty years, and now it is responsible for 2–3% of diagnosed cancers. The delay in diagnosis and the not fully understood pathogenesis are the main challenges that have to be overcome. It seems that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the key players in tumor development since they ensure a proper microenvironment for the tumor cells. The stimulation of angiogenesis and immunosuppression is mediated by molecules contained in EVs. It was shown that EVs derived from cancer cells can inhibit T cell proliferation, natural killer lymphocyte activation, and dendritic cell maturation by this mechanism. Moreover, EVs may be a biomarker for the response to anti-cancer treatment. In this review, we sum up the knowledge about the role of EVs in RCC pathogenesis and show their future perspectives in this field.
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25
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Bai Y, Pei Y, Xia L, Ma L, Deng S. A Novel Immune-Prognosis Index Predicts the Benefit of Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:818170. [PMID: 35614936 PMCID: PMC9124834 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.818170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Constructed an immune-prognosis index (IPI) and divided lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients into different subgroups according to IPI score, describe the molecular and immune characteristics of patients between different IPI subgroups, and explore their response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment. Methods: Based on the transcriptome profile of LUAD patients in TCGA and immune gene sets from ImmPort and InnateDB, 15 hub immune genes were identified through correlation and Bayesian causal network analysis. Then, IPI was constructed with 5 immune genes by using COX regression analysis and verified with external datasets (GSE30219, GSE37745, GSE68465, GSE126044 and GSE135222). Finally, the characteristics and the response to ICB treatment of LUAD patients between two different IPI subgroups were analyzed. Results: IPI was constructed based on the expression of 5 genes, including A2M, ADRB1, ADRB2, VIPR1 and PTH1R. IPI-high LUAD patients have a better overall survival than IPI-low LUAD patients, consistent with the results in the GEO cohorts. The comprehensive results showed that patients in the IPI-high subgroup were exhibited characters as metabolism-related signaling pathways activation, lower TP53 and TTN mutation rate, more infiltrations of CD8 T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages M1, especially earned more benefit from ICB treatment. In contrast, patients in the IPI-low subgroup were exhibited characters as p53 signaling pathways activation, higher TP53 and TTN mutation rate, more infiltrations of resting memory CD4 T cells, macrophages M2, immune-suppressive response and less benefit from ICB treatment. Conclusion: IPI is a potentially valuable prognostic evaluation method for LUAD, which works well in the benefit predicting of LUAD patients within ICB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Bai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Pei
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Senyi Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Senyi Deng,
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26
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Zhuang X, Long EO. NK Cells Equipped With a Chimeric Antigen Receptor That Overcomes Inhibition by HLA Class I for Adoptive Transfer of CAR-NK Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840844. [PMID: 35585985 PMCID: PMC9108249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant inhibitory receptors for HLA class I (HLA-I) endow NK cells with high intrinsic responsiveness, a process termed licensing or education, but hinder their ability to kill HLA-I+ tumor cells. Cancer immunotherapy with adoptive transfer of NK cells must overcome inhibitory signals by such receptors to promote elimination of HLA-I+ tumor cells. As proof of concept, we show here that a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) can be engineered to overcome inhibition by receptors for HLA-I and to promote lysis of HLA-I+ tumor cells by CAR-NK cells. The design of this NK-tailored CAR (NK-CAR) relied on the potent NK cell activation induced by the synergistic combination of NK receptors CD28H (CD28 homolog, TMIGD2) and 2B4 (CD244, SLAMF4). An NK-CAR consisting of the single-chain fragment variable (scFv) of a CD19 antibody, the CD28H transmembrane domain, and the fusion of CD28H, 2B4, and TCRζ signaling domains was compared to a third-generation T-cell CAR with a CD28-41BB-TCRζ signaling domain. The NK-CAR delivered stronger activation signals to NK cells and induced more robust tumor cell lysis. Furthermore, such CAR-NK cells could overcome inhibition by HLA-E or HLA-C expressed on tumor cells. Therefore, engineering of CAR-NK cells that could override inhibition by HLA-I in patients undergoing cancer immunotherapy is feasible. This approach offers an attractive alternative to more complex strategies, such as genetic editing of inhibitory receptors in CAR-NK cells or treatment of patients with a combination of CAR-NK cells and checkpoint blockade with antibodies to inhibitory receptors. A significant benefit of inhibition-resistant NK-CARs is that NK cell inhibition would be overcome only during contact with targeted tumor cells and that HLA-I on healthy cells would continue to maintain NK cell responsiveness through licensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric O. Long
- *Correspondence: Eric O. Long, ; Xiaoxuan Zhuang,
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27
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Mercier R, LaPointe P. The role of cellular proteostasis in anti-tumor immunity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101930. [PMID: 35421375 PMCID: PMC9108985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is perhaps the most important development in cancer treatment in recent memory. It is based on decades of investigation into the biology of immune cells and the role of the immune system in controlling cancer growth. While the molecular circuitry that governs the immune system in general - and anti-tumor immunity in particular - is intensely studied, far less attention has been paid to the role of cellular stress in this process. Proteostasis, intimately linked to cell stress responses, refers to the dynamic regulation of the cellular proteome and is maintained through a complex network of systems that govern the synthesis, folding, and degradation of proteins in the cell. Disruption of these systems can result in the loss of protein function, altered protein function, the formation of toxic aggregates, or pathologies associated with cell stress. However, the importance of proteostasis extends beyond its role in maintaining proper protein function; proteostasis governs how tolerant cells may be to mutations in protein coding genes and the overall half-life of proteins. Such gene expression changes may be associated with human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disease, and cancer and manifest at the protein level against the backdrop of the proteostasis network in any given cellular environment. In this review, we focus on the role of proteostasis in regulating immune responses against cancer as well the role of proteostasis in determining immunogenicity of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mercier
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paul LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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28
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LaFleur MW, Sharpe AH. CRISPR Screens to Identify Regulators of Tumor Immunity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2022; 6:103-122. [PMID: 35989706 PMCID: PMC9389862 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-070120-094725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), have been used in a wide range of tumor types with immense clinical benefit. However, ICB does not work in all patients, and attempts to combine ICB with other immune-based therapies have not lived up to their initial promise. Thus, there is a significant unmet need to discover new targets and combination therapies to extend the benefits of immunotherapy to more patients. Systems biology approaches are well suited for addressing this problem because these approaches enable evaluation of many gene targets simultaneously and ranking their relative importance for a phenotype of interest. As such, loss-of-function CRISPR screens are an emerging set of tools being used to prioritize gene targets for modulating pathways of interest in tumor and immune cells. This review describes the first screens performed to discover cancer immunotherapy targets and the technological advances that will enable next-generation screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W LaFleur
- Department of Immunology and Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology and Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Mamdani H, Matosevic S, Khalid AB, Durm G, Jalal SI. Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer: Current Landscape and Future Directions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:823618. [PMID: 35222404 PMCID: PMC8864096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.823618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, lung cancer treatment has undergone a major paradigm shift. A greater understanding of lung cancer biology has led to the development of many effective targeted therapies as well as of immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown tremendous benefit in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are now being used as first-line therapies in metastatic disease, consolidation therapy following chemoradiation in unresectable locally advanced disease, and adjuvant therapy following surgical resection and chemotherapy in resectable disease. Despite these benefits, predicting who will respond to ICIs has proven to be difficult and there remains a need to discover new predictive immunotherapy biomarkers. Furthermore, resistance to ICIs in lung cancer is frequent either because of a lack of response or disease progression after an initial response. The utility of ICIs in the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains limited to first-line treatment of extensive stage disease in combination with chemotherapy with modest impact on overall survival. It is thus important to explore and exploit additional targets to reap the full benefits of immunotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer. Here, we will summarize the current state of immunotherapy in lung cancer, discuss novel targets, and explore the intersection between DNA repair defects and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirva Mamdani
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sandro Matosevic
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ahmed Bilal Khalid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Gregory Durm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Shadia I. Jalal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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30
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Darbeheshti F. The Immunogenetics of Melanoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:383-396. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Li Q, Shi Z, Zhang F, Zeng W, Zhu D, Mei L. Symphony of nanomaterials and immunotherapy based on the cancer-immunity cycle. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:107-134. [PMID: 35127375 PMCID: PMC8799879 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. Research on cancer and immunity has contributed to the development of several clinically successful immunotherapies. These immunotherapies often act on a single step of the cancer–immunity cycle. In recent years, the discovery of new nanomaterials has dramatically expanded the functions and potential applications of nanomaterials. In addition to acting as drug-delivery platforms, some nanomaterials can induce the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells or regulate the profile and strength of the immune response as immunomodulators. Based on their versatility, nanomaterials may serve as an integrated platform for multiple drugs or therapeutic strategies, simultaneously targeting several steps of the cancer–immunity cycle to enhance the outcome of anticancer immune response. To illustrate the critical roles of nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapies based on cancer–immunity cycle, this review will comprehensively describe the crosstalk between the immune system and cancer, and the current applications of nanomaterials, including drug carriers, ICD inducers, and immunomodulators. Moreover, this review will provide a detailed discussion of the knowledge regarding developing combinational cancer immunotherapies based on the cancer–immunity cycle, hoping to maximize the efficacy of these treatments assisted by nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhaoqing Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Dunwan Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 20 84723750
| | - Lin Mei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 20 84723750
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Owen RS, Ramarathinam SH, Bailey A, Gastaldello A, Hussey K, Skipp PJ, Purcell AW, Siddle HV. The differentiation state of the Schwann cell progenitor drives phenotypic variation between two contagious cancers. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010033. [PMID: 34780568 PMCID: PMC8629380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Contagious cancers are a rare pathogenic phenomenon in which cancer cells gain the ability to spread between genetically distinct hosts. Nine examples have been identified across marine bivalves, dogs and Tasmanian devils, but the Tasmanian devil is the only mammalian species known to have given rise to two distinct lineages of contagious cancer, termed Devil Facial Tumour 1 (DFT1) and 2 (DFT2). Remarkably, DFT1 and DFT2 arose independently from the same cell type, a Schwann cell, and while their ultra-structural features are highly similar they exhibit variation in their mutational signatures and infection dynamics. As such, DFT1 and DFT2 provide a unique framework for investigating how a common progenitor cell can give rise to distinct contagious cancers. Using a proteomics approach, we show that DFT1 and DFT2 are derived from Schwann cells in different differentiation states, with DFT2 carrying a molecular signature of a less well differentiated Schwann cell. Under inflammatory signals DFT1 and DFT2 have different gene expression profiles, most notably involving Schwann cell markers of differentiation, reflecting the influence of their distinct origins. Further, DFT2 cells express immune cell markers typically expressed during nerve repair, consistent with an ability to manipulate their extracellular environment, facilitating the cell’s ability to transmit between individuals. The emergence of two contagious cancers in the Tasmanian devil suggests that the inherent plasticity of Schwann cells confers a vulnerability to the formation of contagious cancers. Cancer can be an infectious pathogen, with nine known cases, infecting bivalves, dogs and two independent tumours circulating in the endangered Tasmanian devil. These cancers, known as Devil Facial Tumour 1 (DFT1) and Devil Facial Tumour 2 (DFT2), spread through the wild population much like parasites, moving between genetically distinct hosts during social biting behaviours and persisting in the population. As DFT1 and DFT2 are independent contagious cancers that arose from the same cell type, a Schwann cell, they provide a unique model system for studying the emergence of phenotypic variation in cancers derived from a single progenitor cell. In this study, we have shown that these two remarkably similar tumours have emerged from Schwann cells in different differentiation states. The differentiation state of the progenitor has altered the characteristics of each tumour, resulting in different responses to external signals. This work demonstrates that the cellular origin of infection can direct the phenotype of a contagious cancer and how it responds to signals from the host environment. Further, the plasticity of Schwann cells may make these cells more prone to forming contagious cancers, raising the possibility that further parasitic cancers could emerge from this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Owen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sri H. Ramarathinam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alistair Bailey
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Gastaldello
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Hussey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Skipp
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony W. Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Hannah V. Siddle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Differences in Extracellular Vesicle Protein Cargo Are Dependent on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell of Origin and Human Papillomavirus Status. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153714. [PMID: 34359613 PMCID: PMC8345072 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify potential extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we evaluated EV protein cargo and whole cell lysates (WCL) from HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC cell lines, as well as normal oral keratinocytes and HPV16-transformed cells. EVs were isolated from serum-depleted, conditioned cell culture media by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation/ultracentrifugation. EV and WCL preparations were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Candidate proteins detected at significantly higher levels in EV compared with WCL, or compared with EV from normal oral keratinocytes, were identified and confirmed by Wes Simple Western protein analysis. Our findings suggest that these proteins may be potential HNSCC EV markers as proteins that may be (1) selectively included in EV cargo for export from the cell as a strategy for metastasis, tumor cell survival, or modification of tumor microenvironment, or (2) representative of originating cell composition, which may be developed for diagnostic or prognostic use in clinical liquid biopsy applications. This work demonstrates that our method can be used to reliably detect EV proteins from HNSCC, normal keratinocyte, and transformed cell lines. Furthermore, this work has identified HNSCC EV protein candidates for continued evaluation, specifically tenascin-C, HLA-A, E-cadherin, EGFR, EPHA2, and cytokeratin 19.
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Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized our ability to catalog the landscape of somatic mutations in tumor genomes. These mutations can sometimes create so-called neoantigens, which allow the immune system to detect and eliminate tumor cells. However, efforts that stimulate the immune system to eliminate tumors based on their molecular differences have had less success than has been hoped for, and there are conflicting reports about the role of neoantigens in the success of this approach. Here we review some of the conflicting evidence in the literature and highlight key aspects of the tumor-immune interface that are emerging as major determinants of whether mutation-derived neoantigens will contribute to an immunotherapy response. Accounting for these factors is expected to improve success rates of future immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Castro
- Biomedical Informatics Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
| | - Maurizio Zanetti
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Marofi F, Saleh MM, Rahman HS, Suksatan W, Al-Gazally ME, Abdelbasset WK, Thangavelu L, Yumashev AV, Hassanzadeh A, Yazdanifar M, Motavalli R, Pathak Y, Naimi A, Baradaran B, Nikoo M, Khiavi FM. CAR-engineered NK cells; a promising therapeutic option for treatment of hematological malignancies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:374. [PMID: 34215336 PMCID: PMC8252313 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy has received a great deal of interest in the treatment of advanced cancers that are resistant to traditional therapy. The tremendous success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CAR-T) cells in the treatment of cancer, especially hematological cancers, has exposed CAR's potential. However, the toxicity and significant limitations of CAR-T cell immunotherapy prompted research into other immune cells as potential candidates for CAR engineering. NK cells are a major component of the innate immune system, especially for tumor immunosurveillance. They have a higher propensity for immunotherapy in hematologic malignancies because they can detect and eliminate cancerous cells more effectively. In comparison to CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells can be prepared from allogeneic donors and are safer with a lower chance of cytokine release syndrome and graft-versus-host disease, as well as being a more efficient antitumor activity with high efficiency for off-the-shelf production. Moreover, CAR-NK cells may be modified to target various antigens while also increasing their expansion and survival in vivo. Extensive preclinical research has shown that NK cells can be effectively engineered to express CARs with substantial cytotoxic activity against both hematological and solid tumors, establishing evidence for potential clinical trials of CAR-NK cells. In this review, we discuss recent advances in CAR-NK cell engineering in a variety of hematological malignancies, as well as the main challenges that influence the outcomes of CAR-NK cell-based tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marwan Mahmood Saleh
- Department of Biophysics, College of Applied Science, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Chaq-Chaq Qularaise, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210 Thailand
| | | | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Roza Motavalli
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yashwant Pathak
- Professor and Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Adel Naimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nikoo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Dabrowska M, Uram L, Dabrowski M, Sikora E. Antigen presentation capability and AP-1 activation accompany methotrexate-induced colon cancer cell senescence in the context of aberrant β-catenin signaling. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 197:111517. [PMID: 34139213 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Reversible cellular senescence was demonstrated previously to constitute colon cancer cell response to methotrexate. The current study presents a comparison of two senescent states of colon cancer cells, arrested and reversing, resulting from respectively, 120 h exposure to the drug, and 48 h exposure followed by 96 h regrowth in drug-free media. The upregulation of immunoproteasome subunit-coding genes and the increase in human leukocyte antigen HLA-A/B/C membrane level indicated MHC-I-restricted antigen presentation as common to both senescent states. Nuclear factor NF-κB p65 level decreased and activating protein AP-1: c-Jun, Fra2 and JunB nuclear levels increased in both senescent cell populations. Notably, the increase in AP-1- dependent transcription occurred after 48 h exposure to methotrexate. β-catenin nuclear level increased after 48 h exposure to the drug and remained as such only in senescence-arrested cells. β-catenin level was found uncoupled from the protein phosphorylation status indicating the deregulation of β-catenin signaling in colon cancer cells employed in the study. These findings carry implications for both, a general mechanism of senescence establishment and putative advantages for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dabrowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Uram
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 6 Powstancow Warszawy Ave., 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Michal Dabrowski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Ewa Sikora
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warszawa, Poland.
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Tsuchiya H, Shiota G. Immune evasion by cancer stem cells. Regen Ther 2021; 17:20-33. [PMID: 33778133 PMCID: PMC7966825 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunity represents a new avenue for cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have successfully improved outcomes in several tumor types. In addition, currently, immune cell-based therapy is also attracting significant attention. However, the clinical efficacy of these treatments requires further improvement. The mechanisms through which cancer cells escape the immune response must be identified and clarified. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a central role in multiple aspects of malignant tumors. CSCs can initiate tumors in partially immunocompromised mice, whereas non-CSCs fail to form tumors, suggesting that tumor initiation is a definitive function of CSCs. However, the fact that non-CSCs also initiate tumors in more highly immunocompromised mice suggests that the immune evasion property may be a more fundamental feature of CSCs rather than a tumor-initiating property. In this review, we summarize studies that have elucidated how CSCs evade tumor immunity and create an immunosuppressive milieu with a focus on CSC-specific characteristics and functions. These profound mechanisms provide important clues for the development of novel tumor immunotherapies.
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Key Words
- ADCC, antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
- ALDH, alcohol dehydrogenase
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- ARID3B, AT-rich interaction domain-containing protein 3B
- CCR7, C–C motif chemokine receptor 7
- CIK, cytokine-induced killer cell
- CMV, cytomegalovirus
- CSC, cancer stem cell
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-cell-associated antigen-4
- Cancer stem cells
- DC, dendritic cell
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- ETO, fat mass and obesity associated protein
- EV, extracellular vesicle
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- Immune checkpoints
- Immune evasion
- KDM4, lysine-specific demethylase 4C
- KIR, killer immunoglobulin-like receptor
- LAG3, lymphocyte activation gene 3
- LILR, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor
- LMP, low molecular weight protein
- LOX, lysyl oxidase
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MIC, MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence
- NGF, nerve growth factor
- NK cells
- NK, natural killer
- NOD, nonobese diabetic
- NSG, NOD/SCID IL-2 receptor gamma chain null
- OCT4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4
- PD-1, programmed death receptor-1
- PD-L1/2, ligands 1/2
- PI9, protease inhibitor 9
- PSME3, proteasome activator subunit 3
- SCID, severe combined immunodeficient
- SOX2, sex determining region Y-box 2
- T cells
- TAM, tumor-associated macrophage
- TAP, transporter associated with antigen processing
- TCR, T cell receptor
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- ULBP, UL16 binding protein
- uPAR, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Division of Medical Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine and Regenerative Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Goshi Shiota
- Division of Medical Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine and Regenerative Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
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38
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Ong CEB, Patchett AL, Darby JM, Chen J, Liu GS, Lyons AB, Woods GM, Flies AS. NLRC5 regulates expression of MHC-I and provides a target for anti-tumor immunity in transmissible cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:1973-1991. [PMID: 33797607 PMCID: PMC8017436 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Downregulation of MHC class I (MHC-I) is a common immune evasion strategy of many cancers. Similarly, two allogeneic clonal transmissible cancers have killed thousands of wild Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) and also modulate MHC-I expression to evade anti-cancer and allograft responses. IFNG treatment restores MHC-I expression on devil facial tumor (DFT) cells but is insufficient to control tumor growth. Transcriptional co-activator NLRC5 is a master regulator of MHC-I in humans and mice but its role in transmissible cancers remains unknown. In this study, we explored the regulation and role of MHC-I in these unique genetically mis-matched tumors. Methods We used transcriptome and flow cytometric analyses to determine how MHC-I shapes allogeneic and anti-tumor responses. Cell lines that overexpress NLRC5 to drive antigen presentation, and B2M-knockout cell lines incapable of presenting antigen on MHC-I were used to probe the role of MHC-I in rare cases of tumor regressions. Results Transcriptomic results suggest that NLRC5 plays a major role in MHC-I regulation in devils. NLRC5 was shown to drive the expression of many components of the antigen presentation pathway but did not upregulate PDL1. Serum from devils with tumor regressions showed strong binding to IFNG-treated and NLRC5 cell lines; antibody binding to IFNG-treated and NRLC5 transgenic tumor cells was diminished or absent following B2M knockout. Conclusion MHC-I could be identified as a target for anti-tumor and allogeneic immunity. Consequently, NLRC5 could be a promising target for immunotherapy and vaccines to protect devils from transmissible cancers and inform development of transplant and cancer therapies for humans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-021-03601-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrissie E B Ong
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Amanda L Patchett
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Jocelyn M Darby
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Jinying Chen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart TAS 7000, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart TAS 7000, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Bruce Lyons
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Gregory M Woods
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Andrew S Flies
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart TAS 7000, Australia.
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Martínez Bedoya D, Dutoit V, Migliorini D. Allogeneic CAR T Cells: An Alternative to Overcome Challenges of CAR T Cell Therapy in Glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640082. [PMID: 33746981 PMCID: PMC7966522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as one of the major breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy in the last decade. Outstanding results in hematological malignancies and encouraging pre-clinical anti-tumor activity against a wide range of solid tumors have made CAR T cells one of the most promising fields for cancer therapies. CAR T cell therapy is currently being investigated in solid tumors including glioblastoma (GBM), a tumor for which survival has only modestly improved over the past decades. CAR T cells targeting EGFRvIII, Her2, or IL-13Rα2 have been tested in GBM, but the first clinical trials have shown modest results, potentially due to GBM heterogeneity and to the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Until now, the use of autologous T cells to manufacture CAR products has been the norm, but this approach has several disadvantages regarding production time, cost, manufacturing delay and dependence on functional fitness of patient T cells, often reduced by the disease or previous therapies. Universal “off-the-shelf,” or allogeneic, CAR T cells is an alternative that can potentially overcome these issues, and allow for multiple modifications and CAR combinations to target multiple tumor antigens and avoid tumor escape. Advances in genome editing tools, especially via CRISPR/Cas9, might allow overcoming the two main limitations of allogeneic CAR T cells product, i.e., graft-vs.-host disease and host allorejection. Here, we will discuss how allogeneic CAR T cells could allow for multivalent approaches and alteration of the tumor microenvironment, potentially allowing the development of next generation therapies for the treatment of patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darel Martínez Bedoya
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Brain Tumor and Immune Cell Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Dutoit
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Brain Tumor and Immune Cell Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Denis Migliorini
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Brain Tumor and Immune Cell Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
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Non-classical human leukocyte antigen class I in Tunisian children with autism. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 45:176-183. [PMID: 33456328 PMCID: PMC7792448 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.97906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are one of the most common childhood morbidities characterized by deficits in communication and social skills. Increasing evidence has suggested associations between immune genes located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex and etiology of autism. In this study, we investigated whether the non-classical class I HLA-G, -E, and -F polymorphisms are associated with genetic predisposition to autism in Tunisia. We aimed to find a correlation between HLA-G genotypes and soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) levels. We have analyzed the HLA-G, -E, and -F genotypes of 15 autistic children and their parents. DNA typing of HLA class I genes was performed using PCR-SSP and PCR-RFLP methods. Also, we evaluated the serum levels of HLA-G (1 and 5) by a validated ELISA technique in autistic probands and their parents. No association was found between any polymorphism and autism in the study subjects. Additionally, we found no correlation between sHLA-G1 and sHLA-G5 and autism. Also, no significant difference in sHLA-G testing in parents and offspring was found. However, parents carrying [GG] genotype presented a higher sHLA-G levels than those carrying ([CC]+[GC]) genotypes (p = 0.037). From this preliminary study, we conclude that the investigated polymorphisms of HLA-G, -E, and -F genes did not lead to autism susceptibility in Tunisian children. However, the CGTIGA haplotype was found to be associated with the disease.
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41
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Mpakali A, Stratikos E. The Role of Antigen Processing and Presentation in Cancer and the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E134. [PMID: 33406696 PMCID: PMC7796214 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical successes of cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are rapidly changing the landscape of cancer treatment. Regardless of initial impressive clinical results though, the therapeutic benefit of ICIs appears to be limited to a subset of patients and tumor types. Recent analyses have revealed that the potency of ICI therapies depends on the efficient presentation of tumor-specific antigens by cancer cells and professional antigen presenting cells. Here, we review current knowledge on the role of antigen presentation in cancer. We focus on intracellular antigen processing and presentation by Major Histocompatibility class I (MHCI) molecules and how it can affect cancer immune evasion. Finally, we discuss the pharmacological tractability of manipulating intracellular antigen processing as a complementary approach to enhance tumor immunogenicity and the effectiveness of ICI immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Mpakali
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece
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42
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Kubica P, Lara-Velazquez M, Bam M, Siraj S, Ong I, Liu P, Priya R, Salamat S, Brutkiewicz RR, Dey M. MR1 overexpression correlates with poor clinical prognosis in glioma patients. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab034. [PMID: 33948562 PMCID: PMC8080245 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common adult primary brain tumor with near-universal fatality. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are important mediators of CD8 activation and can be downregulated by cancer cells to escape immune surveillance. MR1 is a nonclassical MHC-I-like molecule responsible for the activation of a subset of T cells. Although high levels of MR1 expression should enhance cancer cell recognition, various tumors demonstrate MR1 overexpression with unknown implications. Here, we study the role of MR1 in glioma. METHODS Using multi-omics data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we studied MR1 expression patterns and its impact on survival for various solid tumors. In glioma specifically, we validated MR1 expression by histology, elucidate transcriptomic profiles of MR1 high versus low gliomas. To understand MR1 expression, we analyzed the methylation status of the MR1 gene and MR1 gene-related transcription factor (TF) expression. RESULTS MR1 is overexpressed in all grades of glioma and many other solid cancers. However, only in glioma, MR1 overexpression correlated with poor overall survival and demonstrated global dysregulation of many immune-related genes in an MR1-dependent manner. MR1 overexpression correlated with decreased MR1 gene methylation and upregulation of predicted MR1 promoter binding TFs, implying MR1 gene methylation might regulate MR1 expression in glioma. CONCLUSIONS Our in silico analysis shows that MR1 expression is a predictor of clinical outcome in glioma patients and is potentially regulated at the epigenetic level, resulting in immune-related genes dysregulation. These findings need to be validated using independent in vitro and in vivo functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Kubica
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Montserrat Lara-Velazquez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marpe Bam
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Seema Siraj
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Irene Ong
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Raj Priya
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shahriar Salamat
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Randy R Brutkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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43
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Immune Regulation by Dendritic Cell Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Immunotherapy and Vaccines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123558. [PMID: 33260499 PMCID: PMC7761478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication as vehicles for the transport of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids including different RNAs. Dendritic cells (DCs)-derived EVs (DEVs), albeit variably, express major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide complexes and co-stimulatory molecules on their surface that enable the interaction with other immune cells such as CD8+ T cells, and other ligands that stimulate natural killer (NK) cells, thereby instructing tumor rejection, and counteracting immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Malignant cells oppose this effect by secreting EVs bearing a variety of molecules that block DCs function. For instance, tumor-derived EVs (TDEVs) can impair myeloid cell differentiation resulting in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) generation. Hence, the unique composition of EVs makes them suitable candidates for the development of new cancer treatment approaches including prophylactic vaccine targeting oncogenic pathogens, cancer vaccines, and cancer immunotherapeutics. We offer a perspective from both cell sides, DCs, and tumor cells, on how EVs regulate the antitumor immune response, and how this translates into promising therapeutic options by reviewing the latest advancement in DEV-based cancer therapeutics.
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44
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Solimando AG, Summa SD, Vacca A, Ribatti D. Cancer-Associated Angiogenesis: The Endothelial Cell as a Checkpoint for Immunological Patrolling. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113380. [PMID: 33203154 PMCID: PMC7696032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A clinical decision and study design investigating the level and extent of angiogenesis modulation aimed at vascular normalization without rendering tissues hypoxic is key and represents an unmet medical need. Specifically, determining the active concentration and optimal times of the administration of antiangiogenetic drugs is crucial to inhibit the growth of any microscopic residual tumor after surgical resection and in the pre-malignant and smolder neoplastic state. This review uncovers the pre-clinical translational insights crucial to overcome the caveats faced so far while employing anti-angiogenesis. This literature revision also explores how abnormalities in the tumor endothelium harm the crosstalk with an effective immune cell response, envisioning a novel combination with other anti-cancer drugs and immunomodulatory agents. These insights hold vast potential to both repress tumorigenesis and unleash an effective immune response. Abstract Cancer-associated neo vessels’ formation acts as a gatekeeper that orchestrates the entrance and egress of patrolling immune cells within the tumor milieu. This is achieved, in part, via the directed chemokines’ expression and cell adhesion molecules on the endothelial cell surface that attract and retain circulating leukocytes. The crosstalk between adaptive immune cells and the cancer endothelium is thus essential for tumor immune surveillance and the success of immune-based therapies that harness immune cells to kill tumor cells. This review will focus on the biology of the endothelium and will explore the vascular-specific molecular mediators that control the recruitment, retention, and trafficking of immune cells that are essential for effective antitumor immunity. The literature revision will also explore how abnormalities in the tumor endothelium impair crosstalk with adaptive immune cells and how targeting these abnormalities can improve the success of immune-based therapies for different malignancies, with a particular focus on the paradigmatic example represented by multiple myeloma. We also generated and provide two original bio-informatic analyses, in order to sketch the physiopathology underlying the endothelial–neoplastic interactions in an easier manner, feeding into a vicious cycle propagating disease progression and highlighting novel pathways that might be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080-5478326 (D.R.)
| | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080-5478326 (D.R.)
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45
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Kim K, Yang WH, Jung YS, Cha JH. A new aspect of an old friend: the beneficial effect of metformin on anti-tumor immunity. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 32731915 PMCID: PMC7607149 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell-based cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cells, have significant anti-tumor effects against certain types of cancer, providing a new paradigm for cancer treatment. However, the activity of tumor infiltrating T-cells (TILs) can be effectively neutralized in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of most solid tumors, rich in various immunosuppressive factors and cells. Therefore, to improve the clinical outcomes of established T-cell-based immunotherapy, adjuvants that can comprehensively relieve multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms of TME are needed. In this regard, recent studies have revealed that metformin has several beneficial effects on anti-tumor immunity. In this mini-review, we understand the immunosuppressive properties of TME and how metformin comprehensively enhances anti-tumor immunity. Finally, we will discuss this old friend’s potential as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- KyeongJin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Youn-Sang Jung
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jong-ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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46
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Alhammad R, Khunchai S, Tongmuang N, Limjindaporn T, Yenchitsomanus PT, Mutti L, Krstic-Demonacos M, Demonacos C. Protein disulfide isomerase A1 regulates breast cancer cell immunorecognition in a manner dependent on redox state. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2406-2418. [PMID: 33125139 PMCID: PMC7610313 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidoreductase protein disulphide isomerases (PDI) are involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes including the modulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response (UPR), ER-mitochondria communication and the balance between pro-survival and pro-death pathways. In the current study the role of the PDIA1 family member in breast carcinogenesis was investigated by measuring ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane disruption, ATP production and HLA-G protein levels on the surface of the cellular membrane in the presence or absence of PDIA1. The results showed that this enzyme exerted pro-apoptotic effects in estrogen receptor (ERα)-positive breast cancer MCF-7 and pro-survival in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells. ATP generation was upregulated in PDIA1-silenced MCF-7 cells and downregulated in PDIA1-silenced MDA-MB-231 cells in a manner dependent on the cellular redox status. Furthermore, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in the presence of PDIA1 expressed higher surface levels of the non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA-G) under oxidative stress conditions. Evaluation of the METABRIC datasets showed that low PDIA1 and high HLA-G mRNA expression levels correlated with longer survival in both ERα-positive and ERα-negative stage 2 breast cancer patients. In addition, analysis of the PDIA1 vs. the HLA-G mRNA ratio in the subgroup of the living stage 2 breast cancer patients exhibiting low PDIA1 and high HLA-G mRNA levels revealed that the longer the survival time of the ratio was high PDIA1 and low HLA-G mRNA and occurred predominantly in ERα-positive breast cancer patients whereas in the same subgroup of the ERα-negative breast cancer mainly this ratio was low PDIA1 and high HLA-G mRNA. Taken together these results provide evidence supporting the view that PDIA1 is linked to several hallmarks of breast cancer pathways including the process of antigen processing and presentation and tumor immunorecognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashed Alhammad
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sasiprapa Khunchai
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Nopprarat Tongmuang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Thawornchai Limjindaporn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | | | - Constantinos Demonacos
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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47
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Wuerfel FM, Huebner H, Häberle L, Gass P, Hein A, Jud SM, Hack CC, Wunderle M, Schulz-Wendtland R, Erber R, Hartmann A, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Fasching PA, Ruebner M. HLA-G and HLA-F protein isoform expression in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15750. [PMID: 32978482 PMCID: PMC7519664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive human leukocyte antigens HLA-G and HLA-F are expressed on trophoblast and malignant cells. Four membrane-bound and three soluble HLA-G protein isoforms have been described, which have different immunosuppressive potentials. HLA-F has three transcript variants, resulting in three different protein isoforms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of HLA-G and HLA-F protein isoform expression patterns in patients with breast cancer. Core biopsies were taken at diagnosis in patients with HER2+ (n = 28), luminal B-like (n = 49) and triple-negative (n = 38) breast cancers who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Expression levels of HLA-F and -G were correlated with the pathological complete response (pCR). Protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis, using two antibodies for each HLA, specific for different isoforms. The protein expression of HLA isoforms did not significantly differ between breast cancer subtypes. However, some initial indications were found for an association between the soluble HLA-G6 protein isoform and pCR in HER2+ breast cancer. The study provides preliminary evidence for the evaluation of HLA-G isoform expression, in particular HLA-G6, as a possible new marker for pCR in HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska M Wuerfel
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanna Huebner
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lothar Häberle
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul Gass
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Jud
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin C Hack
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marius Wunderle
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Schulz-Wendtland
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramona Erber
- Institute of Pathology, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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48
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Cha JH, Chan LC, Song MS, Hung MC. New Approaches on Cancer Immunotherapy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a036863. [PMID: 31615865 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis, which occurs when cancer cells disseminate from the primary tumor site to other parts of the body, is the primary cause of mortality in patients, and the recurrence of multiple metastatic tumors is an obstacle to eliminating cancer. Recent clinical studies demonstrated that patients who respond to immunotherapy have longer survival rates with lower metastatic relapse, suggesting that immunotherapy may be one of the solutions to overcome cancer metastasis. Indeed, various host immune cells not only shape the tumor microenvironment but also participate in multiple stages of metastasis. Therefore, to improve clinical outcome, it is critical to understand the immunological events associated with tumor development and progression. In this article, we summarize those events that are involved in tumor progression and discuss immunotherapies that can potentially target cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Li-Chuan Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Min Sup Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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49
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Hiraoka N, Ino Y, Hori S, Yamazaki‐Itoh R, Naito C, Shimasaki M, Esaki M, Nara S, Kishi Y, Shimada K, Nakamura N, Torigoe T, Heike Y. Expression of classical human leukocyte antigen class I antigens, HLA-E and HLA-G, is adversely prognostic in pancreatic cancer patients. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3057-3070. [PMID: 32495519 PMCID: PMC7419048 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of classical human leukocyte antigen class I antigens (HLA-I) on the surfaces of cancer cells allows cytotoxic T cells to recognize and eliminate these cells. Reduction or loss of HLA-I is a mechanism of escape from antitumor immunity. The present study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological impacts of HLA-I and non-classical HLA-I antigens expressed on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. We performed immunohistochemistry to detect expression of HLA-I antigens in PDAC using 243 PDAC cases and examined their clinicopathological influences. We also investigated the expression of immune-related genes to characterize PDAC tumor microenvironments. Lower expression of HLA-I, found in 33% of PDAC cases, was significantly associated with longer overall survival. Higher expression of both HLA-E and HLA-G was significantly associated with shorter survival. Multivariate analyses revealed that higher expression of these three HLA-I antigens was significantly correlated with shorter survival. Higher HLA-I expression on PDAC cells was significantly correlated with higher expression of IFNG, which also correlated with PD1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression. In vitro assay revealed that interferon gamma (IFNγ) stimulation increased surface expression of HLA-I in three PDAC cell lines. It also upregulated surface expression of HLA-E, HLA-G and immune checkpoint molecules, including PD-L1 and PD-L2. These results suggest that the higher expression of HLA-I, HLA-E and HLA-G on PDAC cells is an unfavorable prognosticator. It is possible that IFNγ promotes a tolerant microenvironment by inducing immune checkpoint molecules in PDAC tissues with higher HLA-I expression on PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Division of Molecular PathologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Department of Analytical PathologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Division of Pathology and Clinical LaboratoriesNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshinori Ino
- Division of Molecular PathologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Department of Analytical PathologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Shutaro Hori
- Division of Molecular PathologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Division of Pathology and Clinical LaboratoriesNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
- Department of PathologyTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
| | - Rie Yamazaki‐Itoh
- Division of Molecular PathologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Chie Naito
- Division of Molecular PathologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Mari Shimasaki
- Division of Molecular PathologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Minoru Esaki
- Hepato‐Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery DivisionNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Satoshi Nara
- Hepato‐Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery DivisionNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Yoji Kishi
- Hepato‐Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery DivisionNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuaki Shimada
- Hepato‐Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery DivisionNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of PathologyTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
| | | | - Yuji Heike
- Division of Biomedical SciencesSt. Luke’s International University Graduate School of Public HealthTokyoJapan
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50
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Díaz-Montero CM, Rini BI, Finke JH. The immunology of renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:721-735. [PMID: 32733094 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and comprises several subtypes with unique characteristics. The most common subtype (~70% of cases) is clear-cell RCC. RCC is considered to be an immunogenic tumour but is known to mediate immune dysfunction in large part by eliciting the infiltration of immune-inhibitory cells, such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, into the tumour microenvironment. Several possible mechanisms have been proposed to explain how these multiple tumour-infiltrating cell types block the development of an effective anti-tumour immune response, including inhibition of the activity of effector T cells and of antigen presenting cells via upregulation of suppressive factors such as checkpoint molecules. Targeting immune suppression using checkpoint inhibition has resulted in clinical responses in some patients with RCC and combinatorial approaches involving checkpoint blockade are now standard of care in patients with advanced RCC. However, a substantial proportion of patients do not benefit from checkpoint blockade. The identification of reliable biomarkers of response to checkpoint blockade is crucial to facilitate improvements in the clinical efficacy of these therapies. In addition, there is a need for the development of other immune-based strategies that address the shortcomings of checkpoint blockade, such as adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marcela Díaz-Montero
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Brian I Rini
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James H Finke
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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