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Pisanu A, Reid G, Fusco D, Sileo A, Robles Diaz D, Tarhini H, Putame G, Massai D, Isu G, Marsano A. Bizonal cardiac engineered tissues with differential maturation features in a mid-throughput multimodal bioreactor. iScience 2022; 25:104297. [PMID: 35586070 PMCID: PMC9108516 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional three-dimensional (3D) engineered cardiac tissue (ECT) models are essential for effective drug screening and biological studies. Application of physiological cues mimicking those typical of the native myocardium is known to promote the cardiac maturation and functionality in vitro. Commercially available bioreactors can apply one physical force type at a time and often in a restricted loading range. To overcome these limitations, a millimetric-scale microscope-integrated bioreactor was developed to deliver multiple biophysical stimuli to ECTs. In this study, we showed that the single application of auxotonic loading (passive) generated a bizonal ECT with a unique cardiac maturation pattern. Throughout the statically cultured constructs and in the ECT region exposed to high passive loading, cardiomyocytes predominantly displayed a round morphology and poor contractility ability. The ECT region with a low passive mechanical stimulation instead showed both rat- and human-origin cardiac cell maturation and organization, as well as increased ECT functionality. Mid-throughput culture platform to engineer reproducible 3D cardiac in vitro models 3D culture under multiphysical stimuli mimicking the in vivo heart environment Passive loading leads to bizonal constructs with different cardiac maturation stages
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2
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Xu J, Feng L, Wang J, Liu M, Li P, Fan Y. Study on the Influence of Shear Stress and Pulse Electrical Stimulation to the Growth of Cardiomyocytes. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:132-143. [PMID: 35180906 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Engineered myocardial tissue is expected to be used in the treatment of myocardial defects and other diseases, and one of the keys is to construct a suitable environment for the culture of myocardial tissue in vitro. In this study, flow shear stress and pulse electrical stimulation were applied to cardiomyocytes with a self-designed device by simulating the mechanical and electrical physiological microenvironment of myocardial tissue. The strength and duration of pulse electrical stimulation as well as the intensity of shear stress were studied in detail to optimize the experimental parameters. Concretely, 100 mV pulse electrical stimulation (1 Hz and 10 ms pulse width) and 10 dyn/cm² shear stress were used for studying the influence of combined mechanical-electrical stimulation to the growth of cardiomyocytes. The mechanical factor of the combined stimulation promoted the expression of α-cardiac actin mRNA, the electrical factor caused an increase in Cx-43 mRNA expression, and shear stress and pulse electrical stimulation showed a synergistic action on the expression of GATA-4 mRNA. It indicated that combined mechanical-electrical stimulation had a better effect on the functionalized culture of cardiomyocytes, which provided an important theoretical basis for the further construction of in vitro engineered myocardial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Limin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jingxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Meili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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3
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Bliley JM, Vermeer MCSC, Duffy RM, Batalov I, Kramer D, Tashman JW, Shiwarski DJ, Lee A, Teplenin AS, Volkers L, Coffin B, Hoes MF, Kalmykov A, Palchesko RN, Sun Y, Jongbloed JDH, Bomer N, de Boer RA, Suurmeijer AJH, Pijnappels DA, Bolling MC, van der Meer P, Feinberg AW. Dynamic loading of human engineered heart tissue enhances contractile function and drives a desmosome-linked disease phenotype. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/603/eabd1817. [PMID: 34290054 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The role that mechanical forces play in shaping the structure and function of the heart is critical to understanding heart formation and the etiology of disease but is challenging to study in patients. Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) incorporating human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes have the potential to provide insight into these adaptive and maladaptive changes. However, most EHT systems cannot model both preload (stretch during chamber filling) and afterload (pressure the heart must work against to eject blood). Here, we have developed a new dynamic EHT (dyn-EHT) model that enables us to tune preload and have unconstrained contractile shortening of >10%. To do this, three-dimensional (3D) EHTs were integrated with an elastic polydimethylsiloxane strip providing mechanical preload and afterload in addition to enabling contractile force measurements based on strip bending. Our results demonstrated that dynamic loading improves the function of wild-type EHTs on the basis of the magnitude of the applied force, leading to improved alignment, conduction velocity, and contractility. For disease modeling, we used hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from a patient with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy due to mutations in the desmoplakin gene. We demonstrated that manifestation of this desmosome-linked disease state required dyn-EHT conditioning and that it could not be induced using 2D or standard 3D EHT approaches. Thus, a dynamic loading strategy is necessary to provoke the disease phenotype of diastolic lengthening, reduction of desmosome counts, and reduced contractility, which are related to primary end points of clinical disease, such as chamber thinning and reduced cardiac output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Bliley
- Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mathilde C S C Vermeer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rebecca M Duffy
- Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ivan Batalov
- Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Duco Kramer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joshua W Tashman
- Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Daniel J Shiwarski
- Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Andrew Lee
- Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alexander S Teplenin
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Linda Volkers
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Brian Coffin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Martijn F Hoes
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anna Kalmykov
- Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rachelle N Palchesko
- Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jan D H Jongbloed
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Albert J H Suurmeijer
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Daniel A Pijnappels
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria C Bolling
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Zhao Y, Rafatian N, Wang EY, Wu Q, Lai BFL, Lu RX, Savoji H, Radisic M. Towards chamber specific heart-on-a-chip for drug testing applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 165-166:60-76. [PMID: 31917972 PMCID: PMC7338250 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modeling of human organs has long been a task for scientists in order to lower the costs of therapeutic development and understand the pathological onset of human disease. For decades, despite marked differences in genetics and etiology, animal models remained the norm for drug discovery and disease modeling. Innovative biofabrication techniques have facilitated the development of organ-on-a-chip technology that has great potential to complement conventional animal models. However, human organ as a whole, more specifically the human heart, is difficult to regenerate in vitro, in terms of its chamber specific orientation and its electrical functional complexity. Recent progress with the development of induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocols, made recapitulating the complexity of the human heart possible through the generation of cells representative of atrial & ventricular tissue, the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and Purkinje fibers. Current heart-on-a-chip approaches incorporate biological, electrical, mechanical, and topographical cues to facilitate tissue maturation, therefore improving the predictive power for the chamber-specific therapeutic effects targeting adult human. In this review, we will give a summary of current advances in heart-on-a-chip technology and provide a comprehensive outlook on the challenges involved in the development of human physiologically relevant heart-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Division of Cardiology and Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University of Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Benjamin F L Lai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Rick Xingze Lu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.
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Wang B, Patnaik SS, Brazile B, Butler JR, Claude A, Zhang G, Guan J, Hong Y, Liao J. Establishing Early Functional Perfusion and Structure in Tissue Engineered Cardiac Constructs. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 43:455-71. [PMID: 27480586 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2016016066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) causes massive heart muscle death and remains a leading cause of death in the world. Cardiac tissue engineering aims to replace the infarcted tissues with functional engineered heart muscles or revitalize the infarcted heart by delivering cells, bioactive factors, and/or biomaterials. One major challenge of cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration is the establishment of functional perfusion and structure to achieve timely angiogenesis and effective vascularization, which are essential to the survival of thick implants and the integration of repaired tissue with host heart. In this paper, we review four major approaches to promoting angiogenesis and vascularization in cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration: delivery of pro-angiogenic factors/molecules, direct cell implantation/cell sheet grafting, fabrication of prevascularized cardiac constructs, and the use of bioreactors to promote angiogenesis and vascularization. We further provide a detailed review and discussion on the early perfusion design in nature-derived biomaterials, synthetic biodegradable polymers, tissue-derived acellular scaffolds/whole hearts, and hydrogel derived from extracellular matrix. A better understanding of the current approaches and their advantages, limitations, and hurdles could be useful for developing better materials for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi; Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Sourav S Patnaik
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
| | - Bryn Brazile
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
| | - J Ryan Butler
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
| | - Andrew Claude
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, Ohio
| | - Jianjun Guan
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
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6
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Stoppel WL, Kaplan DL, Black LD. Electrical and mechanical stimulation of cardiac cells and tissue constructs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:135-55. [PMID: 26232525 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The field of cardiac tissue engineering has made significant strides over the last few decades, highlighted by the development of human cell derived constructs that have shown increasing functional maturity over time, particularly using bioreactor systems to stimulate the constructs. However, the functionality of these tissues is still unable to match that of native cardiac tissue and many of the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes display an immature, fetal like phenotype. In this review, we seek to elucidate the biological underpinnings of both mechanical and electrical signaling, as identified via studies related to cardiac development and those related to an evaluation of cardiac disease progression. Next, we review the different types of bioreactors developed to individually deliver electrical and mechanical stimulation to cardiomyocytes in vitro in both two and three-dimensional tissue platforms. Reactors and culture conditions that promote functional cardiomyogenesis in vitro are also highlighted. We then cover the more recent work in the development of bioreactors that combine electrical and mechanical stimulation in order to mimic the complex signaling environment present in vivo. We conclude by offering our impressions on the important next steps for physiologically relevant mechanical and electrical stimulation of cardiac cells and engineered tissue in vitro.
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Stoppel WL, Ghezzi CE, McNamara SL, Black LD, Kaplan DL. Clinical applications of naturally derived biopolymer-based scaffolds for regenerative medicine. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:657-80. [PMID: 25537688 PMCID: PMC8196399 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Naturally derived polymeric biomaterials, such as collagens, silks, elastins, alginates, and fibrins are utilized in tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and tunable mechanical and degradation kinetics. The use of these natural biopolymers in biomedical applications is advantageous because they do not release cytotoxic degradation products, are often processed using environmentally-friendly aqueous-based methods, and their degradation rates within biological systems can be manipulated by modifying the starting formulation or processing conditions. For these reasons, many recent in vivo investigations and FDA-approval of new biomaterials for clinical use have utilized natural biopolymers as matrices for cell delivery and as scaffolds for cell-free support of native tissues. This review highlights biopolymer-based scaffolds used in clinical applications for the regeneration and repair of native tissues, with a focus on bone, skeletal muscle, peripheral nerve, cardiac muscle, and cornea substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L. Stoppel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Chiara E. Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Stephanie L. McNamara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- The Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren D. Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Zhao Y, Feric NT, Thavandiran N, Nunes SS, Radisic M. The role of tissue engineering and biomaterials in cardiac regenerative medicine. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:1307-22. [PMID: 25442432 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the development of 3-dimensional engineered heart tissue (EHT) has made large strides forward because of advances in stem cell biology, materials science, prevascularization strategies, and nanotechnology. As a result, the role of tissue engineering in cardiac regenerative medicine has become multifaceted as new applications become feasible. Cardiac tissue engineering has long been established to have the potential to partially or fully restore cardiac function after cardiac injury. However, EHTs may also serve as surrogate human cardiac tissue for drug-related toxicity screening. Cardiotoxicity remains a major cause of drug withdrawal in the pharmaceutical industry. Unsafe drugs reach the market because preclinical evaluation is insufficient to weed out cardiotoxic drugs in all their forms. Bioengineering methods could provide functional and mature human myocardial tissues, ie, physiologically relevant platforms, for screening the cardiotoxic effects of pharmaceutical agents and facilitate the discovery of new therapeutic agents. Finally, advances in induced pluripotent stem cells have made patient-specific EHTs possible, which opens up the possibility of personalized medicine. Herein, we give an overview of the present state of the art in cardiac tissue engineering, the challenges to the field, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole T Feric
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nimalan Thavandiran
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara S Nunes
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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