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Elnahas SM, Mansour HAEH, El-Sawi MR, Abou-El-Naga AM. Therapeutic effect of Momordica charantia on cardiomyopathy in a diabetic maternal rat model. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:977-990. [PMID: 38973290 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial structural and functional abnormalities are hallmarks of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a chronic consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Maternal DM affects and increases the risk of heart defects in diabetic mothers compared with nondiabetic mothers. Momordica charantia exhibits antidiabetic effects due to various bioactive compounds that are phytochemicals, a broad group that includes phenolic compounds, alkaloids, proteins, steroids, inorganic compounds, and lipids. Pregnant maternal rats were split into four groups: control (C), M. charantia-treated (MC), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (DM), and diabetic (MC + DM) groups. Diabetes mothers had increased serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Cardiac biomarkers such as cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase were increased. Hormone levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, and estrogen decreased significantly. Inflammatory markers such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were elevated in diabetic mothers. Oxidative stress markers indicated increased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, while antioxidants such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were decreased in maternal heart tissue. The levels of apoptotic markers such as tumor suppressor 53 (P53) and cysteine aspartic protease-3 (caspase-3) were significantly greater in diabetic maternal heart tissue. Histopathological analysis revealed heart tissue abnormalities in diabetic maternal rats. M. charantia extract improved maternal diabetes-induced changes in inflammation, antioxidant levels, and heart tissue structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Elnahas
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Mamdouh R El-Sawi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Vutharadhi S, Ranganatha KS, Nadimpalli SK. Momordica charantia seed proteins - Purification, biochemical characterization of a class II α-mannosidase isoenzyme and its interaction with the lectin and protein body membrane. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:126022. [PMID: 37506790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Momordica charantia seeds contain a galactose specific lectin and mixture of glycosidases. These bind to lectin-affigel at pH 5.0 and are all eluted at pH 8.0. From the mixture, α-mannosidase was separated by gel filtration (purified enzyme Mr ∼ 238 kDa). In native PAGE (silver staining) it showed three bands that stained with methylumbelliferyl substrate (possible isoforms). Ion exchange chromatography separated two isoforms in 0.5 M eluates and one isoform in 1.0 M eluate. In SDS-PAGE it dissociated to Mr ∼70 and 45 kDa subunits, showing antigenic similarity to jack bean enzyme. MALDI analysis confirmed the 70 kDa band to be α-mannosidase with sequence identity to the genomic sequence of Momordica charantia enzyme (score 83, 29 % sequence coverage). The pH, temperature optima were 5.0 and 60o C respectively. Kinetic parameters KM and Vmax estimated with p-nitrophenyl α-mannopyranoside were 0.85 mM and 12.1 U/mg respectively. Swainsonine inhibits the enzyme activity (IC50 value was 50 nM). Secondary structural analysis at far UV (190-300 nm) showed 11.6 % α-helix and 36.5 % β-sheets. 2.197 mg of the enzyme was found to interact with 3.75 mg of protein body membrane at pH 5.0 and not at pH 8.0 suggesting a pH dependent interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaranjani Vutharadhi
- Protein Biochemistry and Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Kavyashree Sakharayapatna Ranganatha
- Protein Biochemistry and Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Siva Kumar Nadimpalli
- Protein Biochemistry and Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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Alsuliam SM, Albadr NA, Almaiman SA, Al-Khalifah AS, Alkhaldy NS, Alshammari GM. Fenugreek Seed Galactomannan Aqueous and Extract Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy and Liver Damage by Targeting NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2 Axis. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070362. [PMID: 35878267 PMCID: PMC9319613 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was conducted to test the potential of the galactomannan (F-GAL) and aqueous extract (FS-AE) of the Fenugreek seed aqueous to prevent liver and kidney damage extracts in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM in rats. Non-diabetic and diabetic rats received the normal saline as a vehicle or were treated with FS-EA or F-GAL at a final concentration of 500 mg/kg/each. Treatments with both drugs reduced fasting hyperglycemia and improved serum and hepatic lipid profiles in the control and diabetic rats. Additionally, F-GAL and FS-AE attenuated the associated reduction in the mass and structure of the islets of Langerhans in diabetic rats and improved the structure of the kidneys and livers. In association, they also reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxides, factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nuclear levels of NF-κB p65, and improved serum levels of ALT, AST, albumin, and creatinine. However, both treatments increased hepatic and renal superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the livers and kidneys of both the control and diabetic-treated rats, which coincided with a significant increase in transcription, translation, and nuclear localization of Nrf2. In conclusion, FS-AE and F-GAL are effective therapeutic options that may afford a possible treatment for T1DM by attenuating pancreatic damage, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic and renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Alsuliam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (A.S.A.-K.); (G.M.A.)
| | - Nawal A. Albadr
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (A.S.A.-K.); (G.M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Salah A. Almaiman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (A.S.A.-K.); (G.M.A.)
| | - Abdullrahman S. Al-Khalifah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (A.S.A.-K.); (G.M.A.)
| | - Noorah S. Alkhaldy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (A.S.A.-K.); (G.M.A.)
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Van Chen T, Cuong TD, Quy PT, Bui TQ, Van Tuan L, Van Hue N, Triet NT, Ho DV, Bao NC, Nhung NTA. Antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitability of Distichochlamys citrea M.F. Newman rhizome fractionated extracts: in vitro and in silico screenings. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022; 76:5655-5675. [PMID: 35669698 PMCID: PMC9159386 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Distichochlamys citrea M.F. Newman (commonly known as “Black Ginger”) is an endemic plant to Vietnam and has been extensively exploited by folk medication for treatments of infection-related diseases and diabetes. In this work, its rhizomes were subjected to fractionated extraction, phytochemical examination, evaluation of antioxidant effect by DDPH free radical neutralization, and inhibitory activity toward α-glucosidase. The compositional components were subjected to in silico screening, including density functional theory calculation, molecular docking simulation, physicochemical analysis, and pharmacokinetic regression. In the trials, EtOAc fraction is found as the bioactive part of most effectiveness, regarding both antioxidant effect (IC50 = 90.27 µg mL−1) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 115.75 μg mL−1). Chemical determination reveals there are 13 components of its composition. DFT-based calculations find no abnormal constraints in their structures. Docking-based simulation provides order of inhibitory effectiveness: 3-P53341 > 12-P53341 > 7-P53341 > 4-P53341 > 11-P53341 > 10-P53341. QSARIS-based investigations implicate their biocompatibility. ADMET-based regressions indicate that all candidates are generally safe for medicinal applications. The findings would contribute to the basis for further studies on the chemical compositions of Distichochlamys citrea and their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Van Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
| | - To Dao Cuong
- Phenikaa University Nano Institute (PHENA), Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, 12116 Vietnam
| | - Phan Tu Quy
- Department of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, 630000 Vietnam
| | - Thanh Q. Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue City, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Le Van Tuan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue City, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Hue
- Faculty of Engineering and Food Technology, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue City, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Triet
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
| | - Duc Viet Ho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, 530000 Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Ai Nhung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue City, 530000 Vietnam
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Fatima H, Shahid M, Pruitt C, Pung MA, Mills PJ, Riaz M, Ashraf R. Chemical Fingerprinting, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Hydroethanolic Extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:364. [PMID: 35204245 PMCID: PMC8869320 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of hydroethanolic extract of T. foenum-graecum seeds was evaluated. Phenolic profiling of T. foenum-graecum was conducted through high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) as well as through the mass spectrometry technique to characterize compounds responsible for bioactivity, which confirmed almost 18 compounds, 13 of which were quantified through a chromatographic assay. In vitro antioxidant analysis of the extract exhibited substantial antioxidant activities with the lowest IC50 value of both DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) inhibition assays. The extract was found to be non-toxic against human RBCs and murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, the extract significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), intrlukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The hydroethanolic extract of T. foenum-graecum exhibited considerable anti-inflammatory potential by decreasing the cellular infiltration to the inflammatory site in both carrageenan-induced peritonitis and an air pouch model of inflammation. Pretreatment with T. foenum-graecum extract caused significant improvement in antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT (catalase), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) against oxidative stress induced by carrageenan. Based on our results of in vivo and in vitro experimentation, we concluded that hydroethanolic extract of T. foenum-graecum is a potential source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.P.); (M.A.P.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Chris Pruitt
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.P.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Meredith A. Pung
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.P.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Paul J. Mills
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.P.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Rizwan Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Phytochemicals from Ruellia tuberosa. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4644641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Vietnam, the aerial parts of Ruellia tuberosa L. are used to treat stress oxidation and inflammatory symptoms in diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to determine the antioxidant and inflammatory inhibition activities of Ruellia tuberosa L. extract (RTE) and those of the isolated compounds by column chromatography. The crude ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction exhibited potent antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) assays with an IC50 of 25.18 and 14.71 (DPPH test) and 18.22 and 15.27 µg/ml (ABTS test), respectively. The RTE contained high concentrations of polyphenols (308.21 mg GAE/g) and moderate concentrations of flavonoids (97.80 mg QE/g). In the anti-inflammatory screening assay, the crude ethanol extract, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions suppressed the release of IL-6 and nitric oxide production, but the production of IL-10 was not enhanced in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Three potential anti-inflammatory compounds as hispidulin (6), physalin E (7), and physalin D (8) along with five other compounds named myricitrin (1), afzelin (2), apigenin (3), taraxerol (4), and lupeol (5) were isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate fraction. Physalin D (8) exhibited a strong, dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of IL-6 proinflammatory cytokines; however, the IL-10 expression was independent of its concentration in macrophages at noncytotoxic concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 μg/mL. Based on the data obtained, compounds 6–8 sourced from Ruellia tuberosa L are potentially bioactive compounds for the treatment of inflammation symptoms in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Kassaee SM, Goodarzi MT, Kassaee SN. Ameliorative Effect of Trigonella Foenum Graecum L. on Lipid Profile, Liver Histology and LDL-Receptor Gene Expression in High Cholesterol-Fed Hamsters. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2021; 17:7-13. [PMID: 34539904 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2021.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Trigonella foenum graecum L. (Fenugreek, FG) is used in many countries as a medicinal plant. Evidence has suggested the hypolipidemic effect of Fenugreek; however, its actual mechanism has not been determined yet. Objectives The purpose of our research was to investigate the effect of Fenugreek on lipid profile, liver histology and LDL receptor gene expression in male hamsters fed with high cholesterol diet. Methods These animals were given normal diet (ND), high cholesterol diet (HCD: 2% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid added to ND), HCD supplemented with 2g and 8g fenugreek per 100g ND (HCD+FG2 and HCD+FG8) respectively for four weeks. At the end of treatment, serum lipids, lipoproteins and liver enzymes were measured. Finally, LDL receptor (LDLR) gene expression was determined in the liver of the studied animals using Real Time-PCR method and liver histological changes were evaluated by H&E staining method. Results A significant reduction was observed in serum triglyceride (p<0.01), total cholesterol, low and very low density cholesterol, aspartate and alanine transaminases in HCD+FG8 group (p<0.05) compared with HCD group, while serum level of HDL-c (p<0.01) increased. In addition, LDLR gene expression in HCD+FG8 group increased 7.8 folds. The results confirm the protection effect of liver tissue in HCD+FG8 group against pathological changes. There was no significant change in LDLR gene expression in HCD+FG2 group. In conclusion, fenugreek ameliorated dyslipidemia by up-regulation of LDLR gene expression and can be used as a protective agent against hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kassaee
- Department of Biology, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan
| | - M T Goodarzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood
| | - S N Kassaee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Bahramsoltani R, Rahimi R. An Evaluation of Traditional Persian Medicine for the Management of SARS-CoV-2. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:571434. [PMID: 33324206 PMCID: PMC7724033 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.571434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A new coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged and with it, a global investigation of new antiviral treatments and supportive care for organ failure due to this life-threatening viral infection. Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) is one of the most ancient medical doctrines mostly known with the manuscripts of Avicenna and Rhazes. In this paper, we first introduce a series of medicinal plants that would potentially be beneficial in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection according to TPM textbooks. Then, we review medicinal plants based on the pharmacological studies obtained from electronic databases and discuss their mechanism of action in SARS-CoV-2 infection. There are several medicinal plants in TPM with cardiotonic, kidney tonic, and pulmonary tonic activities, protecting the lung, heart, and kidney, the three main vulnerable organs in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some medicinal plants can prevent "humor infection", a situation described in TPM which has similar features to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pharmacological evaluations are in line with the therapeutic activities of several plants mentioned in TPM, mostly through antiviral, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Amongst the primarily-introduced medicinal plants from TPM, rhubarb, licorice, garlic, saffron, galangal, and clove are the most studied plants and represent candidates for clinical studies. The antiviral compounds isolated from these plants provide novel molecular structures to design new semisynthetic antiviral agents. Future clinical studies in healthy volunteers as well as patients suffering from pulmonary infections are necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of these plants as complementary and integrative interventions in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Trinh PTN, Giang BL, Tuan NT, Hang HTT, Thuy NTL, Tuan NN, Dung LT. Alfa glucosidase inhibitory, anti inflammatory activities and a new furanocoumarin derivative of Ruellia tuberosa. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:4248-4255. [PMID: 31782667 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1696790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rullia tuberosa L. is used for treatment of diabetes mellitus, anti-inflammation, etc. However, its hypoglycaemic and anti inflammatory activities has not been investigated so far. In the present study, the α-glucosidase inhibitory, anti inflammatory activities of the extract of this plant were investigated. Our results showed that the crude extract as well as ethyl acetate and methanol fractions showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 of 15.84, 4.73 and 8.27 µg/ml, respectively. In addition, the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions are capable of inhibiting LPS-induced NO production with IC50 of 17.41 and 23.95 µg/mL, respectively. From the ethyl acetate and methanol fractions, eight compounds, including isobargaptol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), syringaresinol (2), catechin (3), pulmatin (4), stigmast-4-en-3-on (4), verbascoside (5), hydroxymethylfurfural (6), rutin (7), and homoplantaginin (8) were extracted and isolated. Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic method including MS, 1 D and 2 D- NMR and comparison with the literature values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Thi Nhat Trinh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tiengiang University, Tiengiang, Vietnam
| | - Bach Long Giang
- NTT Institute of High Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Trong Tuan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Le Thuy
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Tuan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Le Tien Dung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
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Khan MF, Abutaha N, Nasr FA, Alqahtani AS, Noman OM, Wadaan MAM. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) possess developmental toxicity as revealed by screening the seeds and fruit extracts in zebrafish embryos. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:184. [PMID: 31340810 PMCID: PMC6657154 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) has attracted the focus of researchers owing to its excellent anti-diabetic action. The beneficial effect of Momordica charantia on heart has been reported by in vitro and in vivo studies. However the developmental toxicity or potential risk of M. charantia on fetus heart development is largely unknown. Hence this study was designed to find out the developmental toxicity of M. charantia using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Methods The crude extracts were prepared from fruit and seeds of M. charantia. The Zebrafish embryos were exposed to serial dilution of each of the crude extract. The biologically active fractions were fractionated by C18 column using high pressure liquid chromatography. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrophotometry was done to identify chemical constituents in fruit and seed extract of M. charantia. Results The seed extract of M. charantia was lethal with LD50 values of 50 μg/ml to zebrafish embryos and multiple anomalies were observed in zebrafish embryos at sub-lethal concentration. However, the fruit extract was much safe and exposing the zebrafish embryos even to 200 μg/ml did not result any lethality. The fruit extract induced severe cardiac hypertrophy in treated embryos. The time window treatment showed that M. charantia perturbed the cardiac myoblast specification process in treated zebrafish embryos. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed diverse chemical group in the active fruit fraction and five new type of compounds were identified in the crude seeds extract of M. charantia by gas chromatography and mass spectrophotometry. Conclusion The teratogenicity of seeds extract and cardiac toxicity by the fruit extract of M. charantia warned that the supplementation made from the fruit and seeds of M. charantia should be used with much care in pregnant diabetic patients to avoid possible damage to developing fetus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2599-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Aljohi A, Matou-Nasri S, Liu D, Al-Khafaji N, Slevin M, Ahmed N. Momordica charantia extracts protect against inhibition of endothelial angiogenesis by advanced glycation endproducts in vitro. Food Funct 2019; 9:5728-5739. [PMID: 30318521 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus characterized by hyperglycemia favors formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) capable of triggering vascular complications by interfering with imbalanced inflammation and angiogenesis to eventually impede wound-healing. Momordica charantia (MC, bitter melon) has been shown to prevent AGE formation and to promote angiogenesis in diabetic wounds in animal models. However, the mechanism underlying its effects on angiogenesis is unclear. We investigated the effects of methanolic extracts of MC pulp (MCP), flesh (MCF) and charantin (active component of MC) using an in vitro model of angiogenesis. MC extracts or low concentrations of bovine serum albumin-derived AGEs (BSA-AGEs) stimulated proliferation, migration (using wound-healing assay) and tube formation (using Matrigel™-embedded 3D culture) of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) together with increases in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, the key angiogenic signaling cytoplasmic protein. Blocking the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) inhibited low BSA-AGE- and MC extract-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and tube formation, indicating the crucial role of RAGE in the pro-angiogenic effects of MC extracts. Moreover, inhibitory effects of high BSA-AGE concentration on cell proliferation and migration were reduced by the addition of MC extracts, which reversed the BSA-AGE anti-angiogenic effect on tube formation. Thus, MC extracts exert direct pro-angiogenic signaling mediated via RAGE to overcome the anti-angiogenic effects of high BSA-AGEs, highlighting the biphasic RAGE-dependent mechanisms involved. This study enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pro-angiogenic effects of MC extracts in improvement of diabetes-impaired wound-healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aljohi
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
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Jia S, Shen M, Zhang F, Xie J. Recent Advances in Momordica charantia: Functional Components and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2555. [PMID: 29182587 PMCID: PMC5751158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, and its fruit has been used as a vegetable for thousands of years. Phytochemicals including proteins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenes, saponins, ascorbic acid and steroids have been found in this plant. Various biological activities of M. charantia have been reported, such as antihyperglycemic, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antimutagenic, antiulcer, antilipolytic, antifertility, hepatoprotective, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, both in vitro and in vivo studies have also demonstrated that M. charantia may also exert toxic or adverse effects under different conditions. This review addresses the chemical constituents of M. charantia and discusses their pharmacological activities as well as their adverse effects, aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the phytochemistry and biological activities of M. charantia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Wang S, Li Z, Yang G, Ho CT, Li S. Momordica charantia: a popular health-promoting vegetable with multifunctionality. Food Funct 2017; 8:1749-1762. [PMID: 28474032 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Products derived from edible medicinal plants have been used for centuries to prevent, treat, and even cure multiple diseases. Momordica charantia L., widely cultivated around the world, is a typical one bred for vegetables and medicinal usage. All parts of M. charantia possess important medicinal properties, including antidiabetic, anticancer, hypotensive, anti-obesity, antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, anthelmintic, neuro-protective, as well as hepato-protective properties both in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes the active components and medicinal properties of M. charantia, especially the activities and mechanisms of its anti-diabetic and anti-cancer properties. The anti-diabetic properties involve inhibiting intestinal α-glucosidase and glucose transport, protecting islet β-cells, enhancing insulin secretion, increasing hepatic glucose disposal, decreasing gluconeogenesis, and even ameliorating insulin resistance. Moreover, the expressions of PPARs could also be activated and up-regulated. Meanwhile, its anticancer properties are mostly due to apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and expression of serum factors associated with immunity. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of M. charantia and its benefits for development as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei Province, China.
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Nagulapalli Venkata KC, Swaroop A, Bagchi D, Bishayee A. A small plant with big benefits: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) for disease prevention and health promotion. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28266134 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived natural products have long-standing utility toward treating degenerative diseases. It is estimated that about two-thirds of world population depend on traditional medicine for primary medical needs. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.), a short-living annual medicinal plant belonging to Fabaceae family, is used extensively in various parts of the world as herb, food, spice, and traditional medicine. Fenugreek is considered as one of the oldest medicinal plants and its health-promoting effects have been cited in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine. The investigations into the chemical composition and pharmacological actions have seen a renaissance in recent years. Extensive preclinical and clinical research have outlined the pharmaceutical uses of fenugreek as antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antiobesity, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, galactogogue and for miscellaneous pharmacological effects, including improving women's health. The pharmacological actions of fenugreek are attributed to diverse array of phytoconstituents. The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of steroids, alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and hydrocarbons. This review aims to summarize and critically analyze the current available literature to understand the potential of fenugreek for disease prevention and health improvement with special emphasis on cellular and molecular mechanisms. Current challenges and new directions of research on fenugreek are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debasis Bagchi
- Cepham Research Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, USA
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Mahmoud F, Al-Ozairi E, Haines D, Novotny L, Dashti A, Ibrahim B, Abdel-Hamid M. Effect of Diabetea tea ™ consumption on inflammatory cytokines and metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:1069-1077. [PMID: 27989874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetea tea™ (DT) is an anti-diabetic alternative medicine in some Asian countries. The main constituent of DT is black tea originating from Camellia sinensis that is supplemented by 12 other medicinal plants. Black tea contains a large amount of the flavonoids catechins especially epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative capacity. This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible effects of DT intake on inflammatory cytokines, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and metabolic biomarkers in T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 50 patients with T2DM. The patients had received 3 cups (600ml) of DT extract or placebo (PL) extract per day during a period of 12 weeks. Intracellular cytokine expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) as well as the glycemic and lipid profiles were measured at baseline and after the treatment period. The active constituents of the medicinal plants included in DT were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). RESULTS Ingestion of DT suppressed CD4+ T cell expression of IL-1β and Il-8 (p<0.05) and up-regulated the expression of IL-10 and the Treg/IL-17 ratio (p<0.05) which was not shown in PL. A significant decrease in HbA1c and LDL was observed at the end of the study period (p<0.05) in DT. The GC/MS analyses of DT indicated the presence of lupeol, β-Amyrin and β-sitosterol. Also analyses of individual herbs showed the presence of higher levels of lupeol and β-Amyrin in Nuga Ficus bengalensis and β-sitosterol in the Attikka Ficus racemosa, indicating that the active ingredients of DT are concentrated in these two herbs. CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence that DT has hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties. Interestingly, DT has anti-inflammatory effects. These properties are attributed to the flavonoids, triterpenes and phytosterol contents of the tea. We suggest that DT protects against diabetes complications in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - Ebaa Al-Ozairi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - David Haines
- Summative Synergy Pharmaceutical Group (SSPG) LLC, San Diego California, USA.
| | - Ladislav Novotny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - Ali Dashti
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - Basel Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Hamid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Duraiswamy A, Shanmugasundaram D, Sasikumar CS, Cherian SM, Cherian KM. Development of an antidiabetic formulation (ADJ6) and its inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. J Tradit Complement Med 2016; 6:204-8. [PMID: 27419082 PMCID: PMC4936654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There has recently been much advancement in the diagnosis, treatment, and research of metabolic disorders, especially diabetes. Current research around the world is focused on finding an alternative source of treatment from natural resources for diabetic management, apart from the available synthetic medicines. The present study is a preliminary study of a polyherbal formulation using edible natural resources and an assessment of its antidiabetic activity. The formulation was screened for its phytochemical constituents, total phenols, flavonoids, and vitamin C content. It was also analyzed for its inhibitory effect against the digestive enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, compared with the standard drug acarbose. The formulation showed the presence of major constituents such as steroids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, and saponins. It also had a high level of phenols (340 ± 2.5 mg/g), flavonoids (235.4 ± 8.3 mg/g), and vitamin C (470.8 ± 16.6 mg/g), and showed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.41 ± 0.03 mg/mL and 0.51 ± 0.01 mg/mL for amylase and glucosidase, respectively. The results showed that ADJ6 had a significant inhibitory activity on α-amylase and α-glucosidase; however, its inhibitory activity was less than that of acarbose. The plants that are formulated in ADJ6 possess potent antidiabetic activity. Thus, we found that ADJ6 is a potent lead for effective diabetic management; however, an evaluation of the formulation must be illustrated using an in vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Duraiswamy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Frontier Mediville (A Unit of Frontier Lifeline and Dr. K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devanand Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Frontier Mediville (A Unit of Frontier Lifeline and Dr. K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Changam Sheela Sasikumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Frontier Mediville (A Unit of Frontier Lifeline and Dr. K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjay M. Cherian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dandawate PR, Subramaniam D, Padhye SB, Anant S. Bitter melon: a panacea for inflammation and cancer. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14:81-100. [PMID: 26968675 PMCID: PMC5276711 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)60002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nature is a rich source of medicinal plants and their products that are useful for treatment of various diseases and disorders. Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon or bitter gourd, is one of such plants known for its biological activities used in traditional system of medicines. This plant is cultivated in all over the world, including tropical areas of Asia, Amazon, east Africa, and the Caribbean and used as a vegetable as well as folk medicine. All parts of the plant, including the fruit, are commonly consumed and cooked with different vegetables, stir-fried, stuffed or used in small quantities in soups or beans to give a slightly bitter flavor and taste. The plant is reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory activities. The plant extract inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy and inhibiting cancer stem cells. The plant is rich in bioactive chemical constituents like cucurbitane type triterpenoids, triterpene glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, fatty acids, and proteins. Some of the isolated compounds (Kuguacin J, Karaviloside XI, Kuguaglycoside C, Momordicoside Q-U, Charantin, α-eleostearic acid) and proteins (α-Momorcharin, RNase MC2, MAP30) possess potent biological activity. In the present review, we are summarizing the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities of Momordica charantia along with a short account of important chemical constituents, providing a basis for establishing detail biological activities of the plant and developing novel drug molecules based on the active chemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad R Dandawate
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Dharmalingam Subramaniam
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Subhash B Padhye
- Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Research Academy, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Azam Campus, Pune, 411001, India
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Kwatra D, Dandawate P, Padhye S, Anant S. Bitter Melon as a Therapy for Diabetes, Inflammation, and Cancer: a Panacea? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-016-0045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jiang Y, Li Y, Ding Y, Dai X, Ma X, Bao L, Zhang Z, Li Y. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts prevent high glucose-induced endothelia dysfunction via PKC and NF-κB inhibition. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1493-503. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.991679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In our study, it has been detected in vivo and in vitro that GSPE reversed high glucose-induced the increase of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. It is shown that by western blotting detection, GSPE significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB induced by high glucose while there was significant decrease of the expression of PKC with GSPE intervention. By adding the NF-κB blocker PDTC and the PKC inhibitor peptide 19–31(10−6 M), no significant difference was found in the levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 among GSPE group, the PKC inhibitor peptide 19–31-added GSPE group and the PDTC-added GSPE group. So the conclusion could be drawn that PKC inhibition must be involved in GSPE decreasing the level of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.We proved for the first time that GSPE prevented high glucose-induced the increase of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by PKC and NF-κB inhibition. These findings show a novel mechanism of the action GSPE preventing endothelial dysfunction, which may have clinical application values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Center for Hygienic Assessment and Research, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Ding
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotao Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Chusri S, Singthong P, Kaewmanee T. Antioxidant, anticancer, and cytotoxic effects of Thai traditional herbal preparations consumed as rejuvenators. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2014.909885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Protective role of grape seed proanthocyanidin antioxidant properties on heart of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2015; 6:119-24. [PMID: 26261706 PMCID: PMC4522524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) bears a very powerful antioxidant effects. Studies demonstrated that proanthocyanidins protect against free radicals mediated cardiovascular and renal disorders. The present study was designed to assess the effect of GSP on the heart of diabetic rats. Forty rats were divided into four groups of 10 animals each: Group I: control, Group II: control group were given GSP, Group III: diabetic group, Group IV: diabetic group treated with GSP. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin, and then GSP (200 mg kg(-1) body weight) was administrated for four weeks. Blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and also the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes were examined in the heart tissues of all groups. Oral administration of GSP to diabetic rats significantly reduced (p < 0.05) heart weight, blood glucose, HbA1c and lipid peroxidation level, but increased (p < 0.05) body weight and activities antioxidant enzymes when compared to diabetic group. The results indicated that GSP could be useful for prevention or early treatment of cardiac disorder caused by diabetes.
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Protective effect of Momordica charantia fruit extract on hyperglycaemia-induced cardiac fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:429060. [PMID: 25371774 PMCID: PMC4211142 DOI: 10.1155/2014/429060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In diabetes mellitus, cardiac fibrosis is characterized by increase in the deposition of collagen fibers. The present study aimed to observe the effect of Momordica charantia (MC) fruit extract on hyperglycaemia-induced cardiac fibrosis. Diabetes was induced in the male Sprague-Dawley rats with a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Following 4 weeks of STZ induction, the rats were subdivided (n = 6) into control group (Ctrl), control group treated with MC (Ctrl-MC), diabetic untreated group (DM-Ctrl), diabetic group treated with MC (DM-MC), and diabetic group treated with 150 mg/kg of metformin (DM-Met). Administration of MC fruit extract (1.5 g/kg body weight) in diabetic rats for 28 days showed significant increase in the body weight and decrease in the fasting blood glucose level. Significant increase in cardiac tissues superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione contents (GSH), and catalase (CAT) was observed following MC treatment. Hydroxyproline content was significantly reduced and associated morphological damages reverted to normal. The decreased expression of type III and type IV collagens was observed under immunohistochemical staining. It is concluded that MC fruit extract possesses antihyperglycemic, antioxidative, and cardioprotective properties which may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetic cardiac fibrosis.
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Cevik O, Akpinar H, Oba R, Cilingir OT, Ozdemir ZN, Cetinel S, Yoldemir T. The effect of Momordica charantia intake on the estrogen receptors ESRα/ESRβ gene levels and apoptosis on uterine tissue in ovariectomy rats. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:167-77. [PMID: 25253099 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen or combinational hormone therapy can protect to menopausal symptoms but exogenous estrogen therapy has some potential risks which in turns lead to the appearance of various diseases. In recent years plants with high phytoestrogen content are recommended as therapeutic agents for postmenopausal hormonal treatment. In this research, we investigated the effects of Momordica charantia (MC) on the estrogen production and E2 as well as anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic role on the ovariectomy rat model. The rats were ovariectomized and fed on 2 g/kg of fruit extra of MC for 30 days by gavage. 17-β estradiol (E2) and 8-OHdG levels in serum, markers of oxidative damage of ROS and ESRα, ESRβ and NF-kB gene levels were measured in uterus horn tissue. Caspase-3, caspase-9, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, Bcl-2 and Nf-kB proteins expression were assessed by western blotting. Structural changes in tissue were examined with H&E staining. MC administration also stimulated the E2 production and ESRα/ESRβ gene levels and the inhibited oxidative damage. Furthermore, MC treatment enhanced anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory process and tissue regeneration. Data herein support that MC directly regulates uterine estrogen response and may serve as a new phytoestrogenic substance for the treatment of post-menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Cevik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey,
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Grape Seed Procyanidin B2 Inhibits Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration Induced by Advanced Glycation End Products. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:1692-7. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Fenugreek Prevents the Development of STZ-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in a Rat Model of Diabetes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:259368. [PMID: 25057273 PMCID: PMC4099218 DOI: 10.1155/2014/259368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to examine the protective effect of fenugreek and the underlying mechanism against the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. A rat model of diabetes was successfully established by direct injection of STZ and then the rats were administered an interventional treatment of fenugreek. Parameters of renal function, including blood glucose, albuminuria, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), dimethyl formamide (DMF), blood urine nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and kidney index (KI), were detected in the three groups (Con, DN, and DF). Oxidative stress was determined by the activity of antioxidase. Extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and other morphological alterations were evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry and electron microscope. Quantitive (q)PCR was employed to detect the mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and protein expression was determined with western blot analysis. DN rats in the present study demonstrated a significant renal dysfunction, ECM accumulation, pathological alteration, and oxidative stress, while the symptoms were evidently reduced by fenugreek treatment. Furthermore, the upregulation of TGF-β1 and CTGF at a transcriptional and translational level in DN rats was distinctly inhibited by fenugreek. Consequently, fenugreek prevents DN development in a STZ-induced diabetic rat model.
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Antidiabetic Evaluation of Momordica charantia L Fruit Extracts. W INDIAN MED J 2014; 63:294-9. [PMID: 25429471 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2013.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic and pancreatic beta cell regeneration activities of Momordica charantia L fruits(MC). Alloxan induced diabetic rabbits were treated with methanolic and ethanolic MC extract. Effects of plant extracts and the drug glibenclamide on serum glucose, lipid profile and pancreatic beta cell were determined after two weeks of treatment. Serum glucose and lipid profiles were assayed by kit methods. Pancreatic tissue histopathology was performed to study pancreatic beta cells regeneration. Momordica charantia extracts produced significant hypoglycaemic effects (p < 0.05). Hypolipidaemic activity of MC was negligible. Momordica charantia supplementations were unable to normalize glucose and lipid profiles. Glibenclamide, a standard drug, not only lowered the hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia but also restored the normal levels. Regeneration of pancreatic beta cells by MC extracts was minimal, with fractional improvement produced by glibenclamide. The most significant finding of the present study was a 28% reduction in hyperglycaemia by MC ethanol extracts. To determine reliable antidiabetic potentials of MC, identification of the relevant antidiabetic components and underlying mechanisms is warranted.
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Yadav UCS, Baquer NZ. Pharmacological effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. in health and disease. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:243-254. [PMID: 24102093 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.826247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The health benefits and medicinal properties of herbal food products are known since antiquity. Fenugreek [Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. (Fabaceae)], a seed spice used to enhance flavor, color and texture of food, is employed for medicinal purposes in many traditional systems. A number of epidemiological studies and laboratory research have unraveled the biological actions of fenugreek. OBJECTIVE Research on fenugreek in recent years has identified a number of health benefits and physiological attributes in both experimental animals as well as clinical trials in humans. In this study we have reviewed the available scientific literature on fenugreek. METHODS This review article summarizes and reviews published experimental studies and scientific literature from the databases including PubMed, Google and local library searches. RESULTS The information available in the literature on the health benefits and pharmaceutical effects of Trigonella accounts for its known medicinal properties and adds new therapeutic effects in newer indications. Besides its known medicinal properties such as carminative, gastric stimulant, antidiabetic and galactogogue (lactation-inducer) effects, newer research has identified hypocholesterolemic, antilipidemia, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiulcer, antilithigenic, anticarcinogenic and other miscellaneous medicinal effects of fenugreek. Although most of these studies have used whole seed powder or different forms of extracts, some have identified active constituents from seeds and attributed them medicinal values for different indications. CONCLUSION The resarch on Trigonella exhibits its health benefits and potential medicinal properties in various indications and has little or no side effects, suggesting its pharmaceutical, therapeutic and nutritional potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh C S Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, TX , USA and
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Song MK, Davies NM, Roufogalis BD, Huang THW. Management of cardiorenal metabolic syndrome in diabetes mellitus: a phytotherapeutic perspective. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:313718. [PMID: 24818164 PMCID: PMC4003752 DOI: 10.1155/2014/313718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a complex disease in which the heart and kidney are simultaneously affected and their deleterious declining functions are reinforced in a feedback cycle, with an accelerated progression. Although the coexistence of kidney and heart failure in the same individual carries an extremely bad prognosis, the exact cause of deterioration and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the initiation and maintenance of the interaction are complex, multifactorial in nature, and poorly understood. Current therapy includes diuretics, natriuretic hormones, aquaretics (arginine vasopressin antagonists), vasodilators, and inotropes. However, large numbers of patients still develop intractable disease. Moreover, the development of resistance to many standard therapies, such as diuretics and inotropes, has led to an increasing movement toward utilization and development of novel therapies. Herbal and traditional natural medicines may complement or provide an alternative to prevent or delay the progression of CRS. This review provides an analysis of the possible mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of phytotherapeutic medicines for the amelioration of the progression of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyong Song
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Neal M. Davies
- The University of Manitoba, Faculty of Pharmacy, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Basil D. Roufogalis
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tom Hsun-Wei Huang
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- *Tom Hsun-Wei Huang:
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Singh R, Kaur N, Kishore L, Gupta GK. Management of diabetic complications: a chemical constituents based approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:51-70. [PMID: 24041460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Long term hyperglycemia leads to development of complications associated with diabetes. Diabetic complications are now a global health problem without effective therapeutic approach. Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are important components for the development of diabetic complications. Over the past few decades, herbal medicines have attracted much attention as potential therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications due to their multiple targets and less toxic side effects. This review aims to assess the current available knowledge of medicinal herbs for attenuation and management of diabetic complications and their underlying mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bibliographic investigation was carried out by scrutinizing classical text books and peer reviewed papers, consulting worldwide accepted scientific databases (SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, NISCAIR, Google Scholar) to retrieve available published literature. The inclusion criteria for the selection of plants were based upon all medicinal herbs and their active compounds with attributed potentials in relieving diabetic complications. Moreover, plants which have potential effect in ameliorating oxidative stress in diabetic animals have been included. RESULTS Overall, 238 articles were reviewed for plant literature and out of the reviewed literature, 127 articles were selected for the study. Various medicinal plants/plant extracts containing flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, saponins and phytosterol type chemical constituents were found to be effective in the management of diabetic complications. This effect might be attributed to amelioration of persistent hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and modulation of various metabolic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. CONCLUSION Screening chemical candidate from herbal medicine might be a promising approach for new drug discovery to treat the diabetic complications. There is still a dire need to explore the mechanism of action of various plant extracts and their toxicity profile and to determine their role in therapy of diabetic complications. Moreover, a perfect rodent model which completely mimics human diabetic complications should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randhir Singh
- Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
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Schaffer LF, Peroza LR, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Alves SH, Fachinetto R, Wagner C. Harpagophytum procumbens Prevents Oxidative Stress and Loss of Cell Viability In Vitro. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2256-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hu-Lu-Ba-Wan Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Rats through PKC- α /NADPH Oxidase Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:504642. [PMID: 23878600 PMCID: PMC3708432 DOI: 10.1155/2013/504642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hu-Lu-Ba-Wan (HLBW) is a Chinese herbal prescription used to treat kidney deficiency. The aim of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of HLBW on diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetic rats. The rat model of DN was established by being fed a high-fat diet and intravenous injection of streptozotocin. Then, HLBW decoction was administered for 16 weeks. Blood glucose level, lipid profile, renal function, 24-hour total urinary protein, and albumin content were examined. Renal morphology and superoxide anion levels were evaluated. The activity of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-α) related genes expression in renal tissue were also determined. Our data demonstrated that HLBW significantly improved hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and proteinuria in diabetic rats compared with those of control group. HLBW also alleviated glomerular expansion and fibrosis, extracellular matrix accumulation and effacement of the foot processes. Additionally, HLBW reduced superoxide anion level, NADPH oxidase activity, the protein and mRNA expressions of p47phox, and the protein expression of phosphorylated PKC-α in renal tissue. These results suggest that HLBW is effective in the treatment of DN in rats. The underlying mechanism may be related to the attenuation of renal oxidative stress via PKC-α/NADPH oxidase signaling pathway.
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Belaïd-Nouira Y, Bakhta H, Haouas Z, Flehi-Slim I, Neffati F, Najjar MF, Cheikh HB. Fenugreek seeds, a hepatoprotector forage crop against chronic AlCl3 toxicity. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:22. [PMID: 23363543 PMCID: PMC3568417 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Having considered how bioavailable aluminium (Al) may affect ecological systems and animals living there, especially cattle, and in search for a preventive dietary treatment against Al toxicity, we aimed to test the protective role of fenugreek seeds against chronic liver injury induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in Wistar rats. Results Five months of AlCl3 oral exposure (500 mg/kg bw i.g for one month then 1600 ppm via drinking water) caused liver atrophy, an inhibition of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), an enhancement of both lipid peroxidation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and an increase of total protein level in liver. Moreover, histopathological and histochemical examinations revealed moderate alterations in the hepatic parenchyma in addition to a disrupted iron metabolism. Co-administration of fenugreek seed powder (FSP) at 5% in pellet diet during two months succeeded to antagonize the harmful effects of AlCl3 by restoring all tested parameters. Conclusion This study highlighted the hepatotoxicity of AlCl3 through biochemical and histological parameters in one hand and the hepatoprotective role of fenugreek seeds on the other hand. Thus this work could be a pilot study which will encourage farmers to use fenugreek seeds as a detoxifying diet supplement for domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Belaïd-Nouira
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research unit of Genetic 02/UR/08-03), Faculty of Medicine, Avenue Ibnou Sina 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Kumar P, Kale RK, McLean P, Baquer NZ. Antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder in diabetic rat brain. Prague Med Rep 2012; 113:33-43. [PMID: 22373803 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2015.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder (TSP) has been reported to have hypoglycemic and hyperinsulinemic action. The objective of the study was to examine the antidiabetic and neuroprotective role of TSP in hyperglycemiainduced alterations in blood glucose, insulin levels and activities of membrane linked enzymes (Na+K+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase), calcium (Ca2+) levels, lipid peroxidation, membrane fluidity and neurolipofuscin accumulation in the diabetic rat brain. Female Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 220 g were made diabetic by a single injection of alloxan monohydrate (15 mg/100 g body weight), diabetic rats were given 2 IU insulin, per day with 5% TSP in the diet for three weeks. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation was observed in diabetic brain. The increased lipid peroxidation following chronic hyperglycemia was accompanied with a significant increase in the neurolipofuscin deposition and Ca2+ levels with decreased activities of membrane linked ATPases and antioxidant enzymes in diabetic brain. A decrease in synaptosomal membrane fluidity may influence the activity of membrane linked enzymes in diabetes. The present study showed that TSP treatment can reverse the hyperglycemia induced changes to normal levels in diabetic rat brain. TSP administration amended effect of hyperglycemia on alterations in lipid peroxidation, restoring membrane fluidity, activities of membrane bound and antioxidant enzymes, thereby ameliorating the diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Belaïd-Nouira Y, Bakhta H, Bouaziz M, Flehi-Slim I, Haouas Z, Ben Cheikh H. Study of lipid profile and parieto-temporal lipid peroxidation in AlCl₃ mediated neurotoxicity. Modulatory effect of fenugreek seeds. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:16. [PMID: 22280491 PMCID: PMC3296590 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxidation of lipid (LPO) membrane and cholesterol metabolism have been involved in the physiopathology of many diseases of aging brain. Therefore, this prospective animal study was carried firstly to find out the correlation between LPO in posterior brain and plasmatic cholesterol along with lipoprotein levels after chronic intoxication by aluminium chloride (AlCl₃). Chronic aluminum-induced neurotoxicity has been in fact related to enhanced brain lipid peroxidation together with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, despite its controversial etiological role in neurodegenerative diseases. Secondly an evaluation of the effectiveness of fenugreek seeds in alleviating the engendered toxicity through these biochemical parameters was made. RESULTS Oral administration of AlCl₃ to rats during 5 months (500 mg/kg bw i.g for one month then 1600 ppm via the drinking water) enhanced the levels of LPO in posterior brain, liver and plasma together with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and LDL-C (Low Density Lipoproteins) levels. All these parameters were decreased following fenugreek seeds supplementation either as fenugreek seed powder (FSP) or fenugreek seed extract (FSE). A notable significant correlation was observed between LPObrain and LDL-C on one hand and LDHliver on the other hand. This latter was found to correlate positively with TC, TG and LDL-C. Furthermore, high significant correlations were observed between LDHbrain and TC, TG, LDL-C, LPObrain as well as LDHliver. CONCLUSION Aluminium-induced LPO in brain could arise from alteration of lipid metabolism particularly altered lipoprotein metabolism rather than a direct effect of cholesterol oxidation. Fenugreek seeds could play an anti-peroxidative role in brain which may be attributed in part to its modulatory effect on plasmatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Belaïd-Nouira
- Research unit of Genetic (02/UR/08-03), Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Visavadiya NP, Narasimhacharya AVRL. Ameliorative effects of herbal combinations in hyperlipidemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2011; 2011:160408. [PMID: 21941605 PMCID: PMC3173889 DOI: 10.1155/2011/160408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Withania somnifera, Asparagus racemosus, and Chlorophytum borivilianum and seeds of Sesamum indicum are ayurvedic medicinal plants used in India to treat several ailments. Our previous studies indicated that these plants possess hypolipidemic and antioxidant potential. The present study was aimed at investigating the composite effects of these plants on hypercholesterolemic rats. Three different combinations (5 gm%, given for four weeks) used in this study effectively reduced plasma and hepatic lipid profiles and increased fecal excretion of cholesterol, neutral sterol, and bile acid along with increasing the hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity and bile acid content in hypercholesterolemic rats. Further, all three combinations also improved the hepatic antioxidant status (catalase, SOD, and ascorbic acid levels) and plasma total antioxidant capacity with reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation. Overall, combination I had the maximum effect on hypercholesterolemic rats followed by combinations II and III due to varying concentrations of the different classes of phytocomponents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant P. Visavadiya
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Sardar Patel Maidan, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, P.O. Box 39, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, India
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Biomedical & Biological Sciences Research Building B0436-41, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - A. V. R. L. Narasimhacharya
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Sardar Patel Maidan, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, P.O. Box 39, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, India
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Acetaldehyde-Mediated Neurotoxicity: Relevance to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2011. [PMCID: PMC3166768 DOI: 10.1155/2011/213286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol-induced neuro-developmental abnormalities are associated with impaired insulin and IGF signaling, and increased oxidative stress in CNS neurons. We examined the roles of ethanol and its principal toxic metabolite, acetaldehyde, as mediators of impaired insulin/IGF signaling and oxidative injury in immature cerebellar neurons. Cultures were exposed to 3.5 mM acetaldehyde or 50 mM ethanol ± 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), an inhibitor of ethanol metabolism, and viability, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and insulin responsiveness were measured 48 hours later. Acetaldehyde or ethanol increased neuronal death and levels of 8-OHdG and 4-HNE, and reduced mitochondrial function. Ethanol inhibited insulin responsiveness, whereas acetaldehyde did not. 4-MP abated ethanol-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, but failed to restore insulin responsiveness. Furthermore, alcohol and aldehyde metabolizing enzyme genes were inhibited by prenatal ethanol exposure; this effect was mediated by acetaldehyde and not ethanol + 4MP. These findings suggest that brain insulin resistance in prenatal alcohol exposure is caused by direct effects of ethanol, whereas oxidative stress induced neuronal injury is likely mediated by ethanol and its toxic metabolites. Moreover, the adverse effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on brain development may be exacerbated by down-regulation of genes needed for metabolism and detoxification of alcohol in the brain.
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Antioxidant activities of total phenols of Prunella vulgaris L. in vitro and in tumor-bearing mice. Molecules 2010; 15:9145-56. [PMID: 21150830 PMCID: PMC6259167 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15129145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris L. (PV, Labiatae) is known as a self-heal herb. The different extracts of dried spikes were studied for the best antioxidant active compounds. The 60% ethanol extract (P-60) showed strong antioxidant activity based on the results of 2,2'-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS˙+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay methods. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC/MS analysis showed that the main active compounds in P-60 were phenols, such as caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, rutin and quercetin. Total phenols were highly correlated with the antioxidant activity (R2=0.9988 in ABTS˙+; 0.6284 in DPPH and 0.9673 FRAP tests). P-60 could inhibit significantly the tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice. It can also been showed that increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum of tumor-bearing mice. These results suggested that P-60 extract had high antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo and total phenols played an important role in antioxidant activity for inhibition of tumor growth.
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