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Hao N, Cao J, Wang C, Zhu Y, Du Y, Wu T. Understanding the molecular mechanism of leaf morphogenesis in vegetable crops conduces to breeding process. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:971453. [PMID: 36570936 PMCID: PMC9773389 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.971453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Leaf morphology can affect the development and yield of plants by regulating plant architecture and photosynthesis. Several factors can determine the final leaf morphology, including the leaf complexity, size, shape, and margin type, which suggests that leaf morphogenesis is a complex regulation network. The formation of diverse leaf morphology is precisely controlled by gene regulation on translation and transcription levels. To further reveal this, more and more genome data has been published for different kinds of vegetable crops and advanced genotyping approaches have also been applied to identify the causal genes for the target traits. Therefore, the studies on the molecular regulation of leaf morphogenesis in vegetable crops have also been largely improved. This review will summarize the progress on identified genes or regulatory mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis and development in vegetable crops. These identified markers can be applied for further molecular-assisted selection (MAS) in vegetable crops. Overall, the review will contribute to understanding the leaf morphology of different crops from the perspective of molecular regulation and shortening the breeding cycle for vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Hao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiajian Cao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Yipeng Zhu
- Guiyang Productivity Promotion Center, Guiyang Science and Technology Bureau, Guiyang, China
| | - Yalin Du
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
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Heo J, Bang WY, Jeong JC, Park SC, Lee JM, Choi S, Lee B, Lee YK, Kim K, Park SJ. The comparisons of expression pattern reveal molecular regulation of fruit metabolites in S. nigrum and S. lycopersicum. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5001. [PMID: 35322121 PMCID: PMC8943121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum nigrum, known as black nightshade, is a medicinal plant that contains many beneficial metabolites in its fruit. The molecular mechanisms underlying the synthesis of these metabolites remain uninvestigated due to limited genetic information. Here, we identified 47,470 unigenes of S. nigrum from three different tissues by de novo transcriptome assembly, and 78.4% of these genes were functionally annotated. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) analysis using 18,860 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed tissue-specific gene expression regulation. We compared gene expression patterns between S. nigrum and tomato (S. lycopersicum) in three tissue types. The expression patterns of carotenoid biosynthetic genes were different between the two species. Comparison of the expression patterns of flavonoid biosynthetic genes showed that 9 out of 14 enzyme-coding genes were highly upregulated in the fruit of S. nigrum. Using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing, we knocked out the R2R3-MYB transcription factor SnAN2 gene, an ortholog of S. lycopersicum ANTHOCYANIN 2. The mutants showed yellow/green fruits, suggesting that SnAN2 plays a major role in anthocyanin synthesis in S. nigrum. This study revealed the connection between gene expression regulation and corresponding phenotypic differences through comparative analysis between two closely related species and provided genetic resources for S. nigrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Heo
- Division of Biological Sciences and Research Institute for Basic Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Young Bang
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Jeong
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Park
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Min Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Choi
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghee Lee
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Koung Lee
- Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 37 Dongjangsan-ro, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54004, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunhwa Kim
- Division of Biological Sciences and Research Institute for Basic Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Division of Biological Sciences and Research Institute for Basic Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea.
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Israeli A, Ben-Herzel O, Burko Y, Shwartz I, Ben-Gera H, Harpaz-Saad S, Bar M, Efroni I, Ori N. Coordination of differentiation rate and local patterning in compound-leaf development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3558-3572. [PMID: 33259078 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The variability in leaf form in nature is immense. Leaf patterning occurs by differential growth, taking place during a limited window of morphogenetic activity at the leaf marginal meristem. While many regulators have been implicated in the designation of the morphogenetic window and in leaf patterning, how these effectors interact to generate a particular form is still not well understood. We investigated the interaction among different effectors of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) compound-leaf development, using genetic and molecular analyses. Mutations in the tomato auxin response factor SlARF5/SlMP, which normally promotes leaflet formation, suppressed the increased leaf complexity of mutants with extended morphogenetic window. Impaired activity of the NAC/CUC transcription factor GOBLET (GOB), which specifies leaflet boundaries, also reduced leaf complexity in these backgrounds. Analysis of genetic interactions showed that the patterning factors SlMP, GOB and the MYB transcription factor LYRATE (LYR) coordinately regulate leaf patterning by modulating in parallel different aspects of leaflet formation and shaping. This work places an array of developmental regulators in a morphogenetic context. It reveals how organ-level differentiation rate and local growth are coordinated to sculpture an organ. These concepts are applicable to the coordination of pattering and differentiation in other species and developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Israeli
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ori Ben-Herzel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yogev Burko
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ido Shwartz
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Hadas Ben-Gera
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 102, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Smadar Harpaz-Saad
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Idan Efroni
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Naomi Ori
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Wu F, Qi J, Meng X, Jin W. miR319c acts as a positive regulator of tomato against Botrytis cinerea infection by targeting TCP29. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 300:110610. [PMID: 33180702 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
miR319 family is one of the oldest and most conservative miRNA families in plant and plays an important role in plant development and abiotic stress response. In our previous study, the abundance of sly-miR319c was increased in tomatoes infected by B. cinerea, but the roles and regulatory mechanisms of sly-miR319c in B. cinerea-infected tomato remain unclear. In this study, we confirmed that miR319c was increased in tomato with B. cinerea infection. In contrast, A TCP transcript factor, TCP29, targeted by sly-miR319c was decreased in B. cinerea-infected tomato. Therefore, transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing sly-miR319c or its target were generated for understanding the biological roles and molecular mechanism of miR319c in B.cinerea-infected plants. Results showed that miR319c overexpression improved the resistance of transgenic plants to B. cinerea, whereas TCP29 overexpression increased the susceptibility of transgenic plant to B. cinerea. So far, TCP transcription factors have been reported mainly in developmental processes. Our data indicate that TCP29 act as a negative regulator to B.cinerea infection. In conclusion, our results indicate that sly-miR319c is a positive regulator of tomato resistance to B. cinerea infection by targeting TCP29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jingyi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Weibo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Khaing YY, Kobayashi Y, Takeshita M. The C-terminal region of the 2a protein and 2b protein of cucumber mosaic virus are involved in the induction of shoestring-like leaf blade in tomato. Virus Res 2020; 289:198172. [PMID: 32980403 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has numerous strains with distinct pathological properties in nature. In this study, we focused on the distinct host-specificity of two isolates of CMV regarding induction of the shoestring-like leaf blade (SLB) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Sekaiichi). During the initial infection stage, plants inoculated with CMV-D8 and CMV-Y developed green/yellow systemic mosaic and stunting. Late in infection, CMV-D8 caused severe systemic symptoms with SLB on the newly emerged leaves, whereas CMY-Y caused severe yellow mosaic with stunting. Accumulation of viral RNA of CMV-D8 during initial infection was higher than for CMV-Y, but their levels did not differ significantly at 5 weeks post inoculation. Pseudorecombination and recombination analyses between CMV-D8 and CMV-Y genomic RNAs showed that recombinant that contained the C-terminal region of 2a and the entire 2b protein of CMV-D8 (D2a-C/D2b) induced SLB. Changing isoleucine to valine at position 830 in the 2a ORF played an important role in formation of chronic SLB. We further elucidated that infection with CMV-D8 or the recombinant Y1Y2(D2a-C/D2b)D3, but not with CMV-Y, upregulated miRNAs and transcript levels of AGO1, which is involved in RNA silencing, and of HD-ZIP, TCP4, and PHAN, which are essential for leaf morphogenesis. The present results first demonstrated that the cooperative function of D2a-C/D2b is involved indispensably in SLB formation. In addition, we suggest that D2a-C/D2b region interferes with the miRNA pathway that is associated with RNA silencing and leaf morphogenesis, leading to the enhanced virulence of CMV-D8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu Khaing
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Gakuenkibanadainishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yudai Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Gakuenkibanadainishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Minoru Takeshita
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Gakuenkibanadainishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
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Multiple Auxin-Response Regulators Enable Stability and Variability in Leaf Development. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1746-1759.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wang Y, Hu Z, Zhang J, Yu X, Guo JE, Liang H, Liao C, Chen G. Silencing SlMED18, tomato Mediator subunit 18 gene, restricts internode elongation and leaf expansion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3285. [PMID: 29459728 PMCID: PMC5818486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediator complex, a conserved multi-protein, is necessary for controlling RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription in eukaryotes. Given little is known about them in tomato, a tomato Mediator subunit 18 gene was isolated and named SlMED18. To further explore the function of SlMED18, the transgenic tomato plants targeting SlMED18 by RNAi-mediated gene silencing were generated. The SlMED18-RNAi lines exhibited multiple developmental defects, including smaller size and slower growth rate of plant and significantly smaller compound leaves. The contents of endogenous bioactive GA3 in SlMED18 silenced lines were slightly less than that in wild type. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis indicated that expression of gibberellins biosynthesis genes such as SlGACPS and SlGA20x2, auxin transport genes (PIN1, PIN4, LAX1 and LAX2) and several key regulators, KNOX1, KNOX2, PHAN and LANCEOLATE(LA), which involved in the leaf morphogenesis were significantly down-regulated in SlMED18-RNAi lines. These results illustrated that SlMED18 plays an essential role in regulating plant internode elongation and leaf expansion in tomato plants and it acts as a key positive regulator of gibberellins biosynthesis and signal transduction as well as auxin proper transport signalling. These findings are the basis for understanding the function of the individual Mediator subunits in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Wang
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianling Zhang
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoHui Yu
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-E Guo
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglian Liang
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changguang Liao
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Rast-Somssich MI, Broholm S, Jenkins H, Canales C, Vlad D, Kwantes M, Bilsborough G, Dello Ioio R, Ewing RM, Laufs P, Huijser P, Ohno C, Heisler MG, Hay A, Tsiantis M. Alternate wiring of a KNOXI genetic network underlies differences in leaf development of A. thaliana and C. hirsuta. Genes Dev 2016; 29:2391-404. [PMID: 26588991 PMCID: PMC4691893 DOI: 10.1101/gad.269050.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Rast-Somssich et al. investigated morphological differences between C. hirsuta, which has complex leaves with leaflets, and its relative, A. thaliana, which has simple leaves. By transferring single genes from one species into another under their endogenous regulatory elements, the authors show that leaf form can be modified in the recipient species, extending our knowledge of how paralogous genes are regulated in a complex eukaryote. Two interrelated problems in biology are understanding the regulatory logic and predictability of morphological evolution. Here, we studied these problems by comparing Arabidopsis thaliana, which has simple leaves, and its relative, Cardamine hirsuta, which has dissected leaves comprising leaflets. By transferring genes between the two species, we provide evidence for an inverse relationship between the pleiotropy of SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) and BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP) homeobox genes and their ability to modify leaf form. We further show that cis-regulatory divergence of BP results in two alternative configurations of the genetic networks controlling leaf development. In C. hirsuta, ChBP is repressed by the microRNA164A (MIR164A)/ChCUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (ChCUC) module and ChASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (ChAS1), thus creating cross-talk between MIR164A/CUC and AS1 that does not occur in A. thaliana. These different genetic architectures lead to divergent interactions of network components and growth regulation in each species. We suggest that certain regulatory genes with low pleiotropy are predisposed to readily integrate into or disengage from conserved genetic networks influencing organ geometry, thus rapidly altering their properties and contributing to morphological divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen I Rast-Somssich
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Suvi Broholm
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3BR, United Kingdom
| | - Huw Jenkins
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3BR, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Canales
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3BR, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Vlad
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3BR, United Kingdom
| | - Michiel Kwantes
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gemma Bilsborough
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3BR, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Roma, Sapienza, 70-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rob M Ewing
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Laufs
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut des Sciences et Industries du Vivant et de l'Environment (AgroParisTech), INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles Cedex 69117, France
| | - Peter Huijser
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolyn Ohno
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus G Heisler
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Hay
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Miltos Tsiantis
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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Danisman S. TCP Transcription Factors at the Interface between Environmental Challenges and the Plant's Growth Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1930. [PMID: 28066483 PMCID: PMC5174091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile and as such their reactions to environmental challenges differ from those of mobile organisms. Many adaptions involve growth responses and hence, growth regulation is one of the most crucial biological processes for plant survival and fitness. The plant-specific TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, PCF1 (TCP) transcription factor family is involved in plant development from cradle to grave, i.e., from seed germination throughout vegetative development until the formation of flowers and fruits. TCP transcription factors have an evolutionary conserved role as regulators in a variety of plant species, including orchids, tomatoes, peas, poplar, cotton, rice and the model plant Arabidopsis. Early TCP research focused on the regulatory functions of TCPs in the development of diverse organs via the cell cycle. Later research uncovered that TCP transcription factors are not static developmental regulators but crucial growth regulators that translate diverse endogenous and environmental signals into growth responses best fitted to ensure plant fitness and health. I will recapitulate the research on TCPs in this review focusing on two topics: the discovery of TCPs and the elucidation of their evolutionarily conserved roles across the plant kingdom, and the variety of signals, both endogenous (circadian clock, plant hormones) and environmental (pathogens, light, nutrients), TCPs respond to in the course of their developmental roles.
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Wang ST, Sun XL, Hoshino Y, Yu Y, Jia B, Sun ZW, Sun MZ, Duan XB, Zhu YM. MicroRNA319 positively regulates cold tolerance by targeting OsPCF6 and OsTCP21 in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS One 2014; 9:e91357. [PMID: 24667308 PMCID: PMC3965387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The microRNA319 (miR319) family is conserved among diverse plant species. In rice (Oryza sativa L.), the miR319 gene family is comprised of two members, Osa-miR319a and Osa-miR319b. We found that overexpressing Osa-miR319b in rice resulted in wider leaf blades and delayed development. Here, we focused on the biological function and potential molecular mechanism of the Osa-miR319b gene in response to cold stress in rice. The expression of Osa-miR319b was down-regulated by cold stress, and the overexpression of Osa-miR319b led to an enhanced tolerance to cold stress, as evidenced by higher survival rates and proline content. Also, the expression of a handful of cold stress responsive genes, such as DREB1A/B/C, DREB2A, TPP1/2, was increased in Osa-miR319b transgenic lines. Furthermore, we demonstrated the nuclear localization of the transcription factors, OsPCF6 and OsTCP21, which may be Osa-miR319b-targeted genes. We also showed that OsPCF6 and OsTCP21 expression was largely induced by cold stress, and the degree of induction was obviously repressed in plants overexpressing Osa-miR319b. As expected, the down-regulation of OsPCF6 and OsTCP21 resulted in enhanced tolerance to cold stress, partially by modifying active oxygen scavenging. Taken together, our findings suggest that Osa-miR319b plays an important role in plant response to cold stress, maybe by targeting OsPCF6 and OsTCP21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yoichiro Hoshino
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Bei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-wen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Ming-zhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-bo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yan-ming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Nigam D, Sawant SV. Identification and Analyses of AUX-IAA target genes controlling multiple pathways in developing fiber cells of Gossypium hirsutum L. Bioinformation 2013; 9:996-1002. [PMID: 24497725 PMCID: PMC3910354 DOI: 10.6026/97320630009996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological development led to an increased interest in systems biological approaches in plants to characterize developmental mechanism and candidate genes relevant to specific tissue or cell morphology. AUX-IAA proteins are important plant-specific putative transcription factors. There are several reports on physiological response of this family in Arabidopsis but in cotton fiber the transcriptional network through which AUX-IAA regulated its target genes is still unknown. in-silico modelling of cotton fiber development specific gene expression data (108 microarrays and 22,737 genes) using Algorithm for the Reconstruction of Accurate Cellular Networks (ARACNe) reveals 3690 putative AUX-IAA target genes of which 139 genes were known to be AUX-IAA co-regulated within Arabidopsis. Further AUX-IAA targeted gene regulatory network (GRN) had substantial impact on the transcriptional dynamics of cotton fiber, as showed by, altered TF networks, and Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes and metabolic pathway associated with its target genes. Analysis of the AUX-IAA-correlated gene network reveals multiple functions for AUX-IAA target genes such as unidimensional cell growth, cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process, nucleosome organization, DNA-protein complex and process related to cell wall. These candidate networks/pathways have a variety of profound impacts on such cellular functions as stress response, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. While these functions are fairly broad, their underlying TF networks may provide a global view of AUX-IAA regulated gene expression and a GRN that guides future studies in understanding role of AUX-IAA box protein and its targets regulating fiber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Nigam
- Plant Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Samir V Sawant
- Plant Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
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13
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Wang Y, Chen R. Regulation of Compound Leaf Development. PLANTS 2013; 3:1-17. [PMID: 27135488 PMCID: PMC4844312 DOI: 10.3390/plants3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leaf morphology is one of the most variable, yet inheritable, traits in the plant kingdom. How plants develop a variety of forms and shapes is a major biological question. Here, we discuss some recent progress in understanding the development of compound or dissected leaves in model species, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Cardamine hirsuta and Medicago truncatula, with an emphasis on recent discoveries in legumes. We also discuss progress in gene regulations and hormonal actions in compound leaf development. These studies facilitate our understanding of the underlying regulatory mechanisms and put forward a prospective in compound leaf studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA.
| | - Rujin Chen
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA.
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14
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Yang C, Li D, Mao D, Liu X, Ji C, Li X, Zhao X, Cheng Z, Chen C, Zhu L. Overexpression of microRNA319 impacts leaf morphogenesis and leads to enhanced cold tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:2207-18. [PMID: 23651319 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA319 (miR319) family is one of the conserved microRNA (miRNA) families among diverse plant species. It has been reported that miR319 regulates plant development in dicotyledons, but little is known at present about its functions in monocotyledons. In rice (Oryza sativa L.), the MIR319 gene family comprises two members, Osa-MIR319a and Osa-MIR319b. Here, we report an expression pattern analysis and a functional characterization of the two Osa-MIR319 genes in rice. We found that overexpressing Osa-MIR319a and Osa-MIR319b in rice both resulted in wider leaf blades. Leaves of osa-miR319 overexpression transgenic plants showed an increased number of longitudinal small veins, which probably accounted for the increased leaf blade width. In addition, we observed that overexpressing osa-miR319 led to enhanced cold tolerance (4 °C) after chilling acclimation (12 °C) in transgenic rice seedlings. Notably, under both 4 and 12 °C low temperatures, Osa-MIR319a and Osa-MIR319b were down-regulated while the expression of miR319-targeted genes was induced. Furthermore, genetically down-regulating the expression of either of the two miR319-targeted genes, OsPCF5 and OsPCF8, in RNA interference (RNAi) plants also resulted in enhanced cold tolerance after chilling acclimation. Our findings in this study demonstrate that miR319 plays important roles in leaf morphogenesis and cold tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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15
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Di Giacomo E, Iannelli MA, Frugis G. TALE and Shape: How to Make a Leaf Different. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013. [PMID: 27137378 DOI: 10.3390/plantas2020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Three Amino acid Loop Extension (TALE) proteins constitute an ancestral superclass of homeodomain transcription factors conserved in animals, plants and fungi. In plants they comprise two classes, KNOTTED1-LIKE homeobox (KNOX) and BEL1-like homeobox (BLH or BELL, hereafter referred to as BLH), which are involved in shoot apical meristem (SAM) function, as well as in the determination and morphological development of leaves, stems and inflorescences. Selective protein-protein interactions between KNOXs and BLHs affect heterodimer subcellular localization and target affinity. KNOXs exert their roles by maintaining a proper balance between undifferentiated and differentiated cell state through the modulation of multiple hormonal pathways. A pivotal function of KNOX in evolutionary diversification of leaf morphology has been assessed. In the SAM of both simple- and compound-leafed seed species, downregulation of most class 1 KNOX (KNOX1) genes marks the sites of leaf primordia initiation. However, KNOX1 expression is re-established during leaf primordia development of compound-leafed species to maintain transient indeterminacy and morphogenetic activity at the leaf margins. Despite the increasing knowledge available about KNOX1 protein function in plant development, a comprehensive view on their downstream effectors remains elusive. This review highlights the role of TALE proteins in leaf initiation and morphological plasticity with a focus on recent advances in the identification of downstream target genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Giacomo
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, UOS Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria Km. 29,300, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Roma, Italy.
| | - Maria Adelaide Iannelli
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, UOS Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria Km. 29,300, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Roma, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Frugis
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, UOS Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria Km. 29,300, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Roma, Italy.
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16
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Di Giacomo E, Iannelli MA, Frugis G. TALE and Shape: How to Make a Leaf Different. PLANTS 2013; 2:317-42. [PMID: 27137378 PMCID: PMC4844364 DOI: 10.3390/plants2020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Three Amino acid Loop Extension (TALE) proteins constitute an ancestral superclass of homeodomain transcription factors conserved in animals, plants and fungi. In plants they comprise two classes, KNOTTED1-LIKE homeobox (KNOX) and BEL1-like homeobox (BLH or BELL, hereafter referred to as BLH), which are involved in shoot apical meristem (SAM) function, as well as in the determination and morphological development of leaves, stems and inflorescences. Selective protein-protein interactions between KNOXs and BLHs affect heterodimer subcellular localization and target affinity. KNOXs exert their roles by maintaining a proper balance between undifferentiated and differentiated cell state through the modulation of multiple hormonal pathways. A pivotal function of KNOX in evolutionary diversification of leaf morphology has been assessed. In the SAM of both simple- and compound-leafed seed species, downregulation of most class 1 KNOX (KNOX1) genes marks the sites of leaf primordia initiation. However, KNOX1 expression is re-established during leaf primordia development of compound-leafed species to maintain transient indeterminacy and morphogenetic activity at the leaf margins. Despite the increasing knowledge available about KNOX1 protein function in plant development, a comprehensive view on their downstream effectors remains elusive. This review highlights the role of TALE proteins in leaf initiation and morphological plasticity with a focus on recent advances in the identification of downstream target genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Giacomo
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, UOS Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria Km. 29,300, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Roma, Italy.
| | - Maria Adelaide Iannelli
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, UOS Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria Km. 29,300, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Roma, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Frugis
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, UOS Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria Km. 29,300, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Roma, Italy.
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