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Esteban-Campos P, Vela P, Rodríguez-Solana R, López-Sánchez JI, Salinero C, Pérez-Santín E. Influence of the Culture Conditions on Camellia sinensis Cell Cultures. Foods 2024; 13:2461. [PMID: 39123652 PMCID: PMC11311622 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the last century, it has been shown that dedifferentiated cells of Camellia sinensis can produce catechins and other secondary metabolites under in vitro conditions, with potential applications in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. In this work, cell suspension cultures of a C. sinensis cell line (LSC-5Y) were established in a liquid medium in order to optimize the biomass productivity, catechin monomer (GC, EGC, C, EC, CG, and ECG) and alkaloid (TB and CAF) productivity. The following factors were evaluated: concentration of growth regulators (BA and IBA), inoculum size, age of the cell line, light exposure, and effect of biotic elicitors (MeJA and extracts of Ciborinia camelliae). GC, EGC, and ECG increased approximately 1.80-fold when the auxin IBA concentration was increased from 0.1 to 2.0 mg/L. In addition, better productivity of EGC, C, EC, and CAF was achieved by using inoculum densities between 50 and 100 g/L. Although lower inoculum densities (25 g/L) showed a higher growth rate (0.20 d-1), the use of inoculum densities higher than 25 g/L favors a 2-4-fold increase in total catechin (TC) productivity, with maximum productivity being reached after 21 days of culture. However, the cell line showed instability in TC productivity: in the short term (in three successive subcultures), the coefficient of variation was 32.80%, and catechin production capacity was 2.5 years with maximum productivity at 0.5 years. Finally, it was observed that ethanol, used as an elicitor solvent, has a strong elicitor effect capable of increasing the accumulation of catechins up to 5.24 times compared to the treatment without an elicitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Esteban-Campos
- Estación Fitopatolóxica Areeiro, Deputación de Pontevedra, Subida á Carballeira, 36153 Pontevedra, Spain; (P.E.-C.); (P.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Pilar Vela
- Estación Fitopatolóxica Areeiro, Deputación de Pontevedra, Subida á Carballeira, 36153 Pontevedra, Spain; (P.E.-C.); (P.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-Solana
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Rancho de la Merced Center, Carretera Cañada de la Loba (CA-3102) Km 3.1., SN, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain;
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - José Ignacio López-Sánchez
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología (ESIT), Universidad Internacional de la Rioja—UNIR, Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Carmen Salinero
- Estación Fitopatolóxica Areeiro, Deputación de Pontevedra, Subida á Carballeira, 36153 Pontevedra, Spain; (P.E.-C.); (P.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Efrén Pérez-Santín
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología (ESIT), Universidad Internacional de la Rioja—UNIR, Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
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Das AK, Anik TR, Rahman MM, Keya SS, Islam MR, Rahman MA, Sultana S, Ghosh PK, Khan S, Ahamed T, Ghosh TK, Tran LSP, Mostofa MG. Ethanol Treatment Enhances Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Mitigate Saline Toxicity in Soybean. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030272. [PMID: 35161252 PMCID: PMC8838166 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity, a major environmental concern, significantly reduces plant growth and production all around the world. Finding solutions to reduce the salinity impacts on plants is critical for global food security. In recent years, the priming of plants with organic chemicals has shown to be a viable approach for the alleviation of salinity effects in plants. The current study examined the effects of exogenous ethanol in triggering salinity acclimatization responses in soybean by investigating growth responses, and numerous physiological and biochemical features. Foliar ethanol application to saline water-treated soybean plants resulted in an enhancement of biomass, leaf area, photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate, shoot relative water content, water use efficiency, and K+ and Mg2+ contents, leading to improved growth performance under salinity. Salt stress significantly enhanced the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage in the leaves, suggesting salt-induced oxidative stress and membrane damage in soybean plants. In contrast, ethanol treatment of salt-treated soybean plants boosted ROS-detoxification mechanisms by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase. Ethanol application also augmented the levels of proline and total free amino acids in salt-exposed plants, implying a role of ethanol in maintaining osmotic adjustment in response to salt stress. Notably, exogenous ethanol decreased Na+ uptake while increasing K+ and Mg2+ uptake and their partitioning to leaves and roots in salt-stressed plants. Overall, our findings reveal the protective roles of ethanol against salinity in soybean and suggest that the use of this cost-effective and easily accessible ethanol in salinity mitigation could be an effective approach to increase soybean production in salt-affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim Kumar Das
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (A.K.D.); (M.A.R.); (T.A.)
| | - Touhidur Rahman Anik
- Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.); (L.S.-P.T.)
| | - Sanjida Sultana Keya
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.); (L.S.-P.T.)
| | - Md. Robyul Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (M.R.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Md. Abiar Rahman
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (A.K.D.); (M.A.R.); (T.A.)
| | - Sharmin Sultana
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (M.R.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Protik Kumar Ghosh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Sabia Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Tofayel Ahamed
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (A.K.D.); (M.A.R.); (T.A.)
| | - Totan Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Lam Son-Phan Tran
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.); (L.S.-P.T.)
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.); (L.S.-P.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
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Allen MM, Allen DJ. Biostimulant Potential of Acetic Acid Under Drought Stress Is Confounded by pH-Dependent Root Growth Inhibition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:647. [PMID: 32523600 PMCID: PMC7261827 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports of acetic acid-induced drought tolerance and avoidance across a diverse range of plant species encourage consideration of this low-cost commodity organic acid as a biostimulant. These results are surprising as they contrast with earlier studies showing pH-dependent root growth inhibition at similar concentrations. We test the hypothesis that the concentration of the membrane permeable undissociated form of acetic acid (CH3COOH) selectively inhibits maize root growth, and subsequently evaluate its impact on seedling water use and growth under deficit irrigation. We demonstrate conclusively for the first time that when germinating maize on filter paper, low pH exacerbates, and high pH mitigates, this inhibition of root growth in a predictable manner based on the dissociation constant of acetic acid. The buffering capacity of potting media can reduce this root damage through keeping the acetic acid primarily in the membrane impermeable dissociated form (CH3COO-) at near neutral pH, but peat substrates appear to offer some protection, even at low pH. While both deficit irrigation and acetic acid reduced water use and growth of maize seedlings outdoors, there was no significant interaction between the treatments. Twenty nine millimolar total acetic acid (CH3COOH + CH3COO-) reduced transpiration, compared to lower and higher concentrations, but this did not specifically improve performance under reduced water availability, with parallel declines in shoot biomass leading to relatively consistent water use efficiency. Any acetic acid biostimulant claims under water stress should characterize its dissociation level, and exclude root damage as a primary cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Allen
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Damian J. Allen
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Wu Z, Yang L, Jiang L, Zhang Z, Song H, Rong X, Han Y. Low concentration of exogenous ethanol promoted biomass and nutrient accumulation in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1681114. [PMID: 31642378 PMCID: PMC6866684 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1681114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With hydroponics culture, we monitored the response of the growth and nutrient accumulation of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) to five ethanol concentrations: 0 mL•L-1 (control), 0.0125 mL•L-1, 0.025 mL•L-1, 0.05 mL•L-1, and 0.25 mL•L-1, respectively. The results showed that a high concentration of exogenous ethanol (0.25 mL•L-1) significantly inhibited oilseed rape growth by 52.28%. However, the biomass of oilseed rape with a low concentration of exogenous ethanol (0.0125-0.05 mL•L-1) manipulation was raised by 16.62-44.08%. A similar result was found on the total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of the oilseed rape. Results of micro-element determination showed that iron and zinc accumulation in oilseed rape was unchanged, while manganese and copper accumulation was increased first and then decreased with increasing ethanol concentration. This study provided a possibility for improving plant growth with low concentration ethanol application in oilseed rape planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Haixing Song
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmin Rong
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yongliang Han
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China
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Ceccarini C, Antognoni F, Biondi S, Fraternale A, Verardo G, Gorassini A, Scoccianti V. Polyphenol-enriched spelt husk extracts improve growth and stress-related biochemical parameters under moderate salt stress in maize plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 141:95-104. [PMID: 31136935 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants improve yield, quality, and stress acclimation in crops. In this work, we tested the possibility of using phenolics-rich extracts from spelt (Triticum dicoccum L.) husks to attenuate the effects of salt stress (100-200 mM NaCl) in maize. Two methanolic extracts were prepared from the soluble-conjugated (SC), and the insoluble-bound (IB) phenolic acid fractions of the spelt husk, and their effects were investigated on several stress-associated biochemical parameters, such as proline, lipid peroxidation, H2O2, GSH levels, and ion content. Results show that SC and IB fractions of husk extracts behaved very differently, no doubt due to their greatly divergent chemical composition, as revealed by both GC-MS and HPLC analyses. The efficacy of treatments in mitigating salt stress was also dose- and timing-dependent. IB, even at the lower concentration tested, was able to recover the performance of stressed plants in terms of growth, photosynthetic pigments content, and levels of salt stress markers. Recovery of shoot growth to control levels and reduction of stress-induced proline accumulation occurred regardless of whether plants were pre-treated or post-treated with IB, whereas only pre-treatment with the higher dose of IB was effective in mitigating oxidative stress. Although in some cases SC and even methanol alone exerted some positive effects, they could also be deleterious whereas IB never was. Overall, results indicate that a polyphenol-containing extract obtained from spelt by-products can behave as biostimulant in maize plants and can mitigate their response to salt stress, by acting on different biochemical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ceccarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Fabiana Antognoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze per La Qualità della Vita, Università di Bologna, 47921, Rimini, Italy.
| | - Stefania Biondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fraternale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Verardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Gorassini
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici e del Patrimonio Culturale, Università di Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Valeria Scoccianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
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Nguyen HM, Sako K, Matsui A, Suzuki Y, Mostofa MG, Ha CV, Tanaka M, Tran LSP, Habu Y, Seki M. Ethanol Enhances High-Salinity Stress Tolerance by Detoxifying Reactive Oxygen Species in Arabidopsis thaliana and Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1001. [PMID: 28717360 PMCID: PMC5494288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High-salinity stress considerably affects plant growth and crop yield. Thus, developing techniques to enhance high-salinity stress tolerance in plants is important. In this study, we revealed that ethanol enhances high-salinity stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the ethanol-induced tolerance, we performed microarray analyses using A. thaliana seedlings. Our data indicated that the expression levels of 1,323 and 1,293 genes were upregulated by ethanol in the presence and absence of NaCl, respectively. The expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling-related genes associated with high-salinity tolerance was upregulated by ethanol under salt stress condition. Some of these genes encode ROS scavengers and transcription factors (e.g., AtZAT10 and AtZAT12). A RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that the expression levels of AtZAT10 and AtZAT12 as well as AtAPX1 and AtAPX2, which encode cytosolic ascorbate peroxidases (APX), were higher in ethanol-treated plants than in untreated control plants, when exposure to high-salinity stress. Additionally, A. thaliana cytosolic APX activity increased by ethanol in response to salinity stress. Moreover, histochemical analyses with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) revealed that ROS accumulation was inhibited by ethanol under salt stress condition in A. thaliana and rice, in which DAB staining data was further confirmed by Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. These results suggest that ethanol enhances high-salinity stress tolerance by detoxifying ROS. Our findings may have implications for improving salt-stress tolerance of agriculturally important field-grown crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Mai Nguyen
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS)Yokohama, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Kaori Sako
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS)Yokohama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology AgencyKawaguchi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsui
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS)Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuya Suzuki
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology AgencyKawaguchi, Japan
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Japan
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS)Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chien Van Ha
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS)Yokohama, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS)Yokohama, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS)Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Habu
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology AgencyKawaguchi, Japan
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS)Yokohama, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City UniversityYokohama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology AgencyKawaguchi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Motoaki Seki
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Light-Induced Mycelial Brown Film Formation in Lentinula edodes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5837293. [PMID: 27868065 PMCID: PMC5102706 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5837293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Light-induced brown film (BF) formation by the vegetative mycelium of Lentinula edodes is important for ensuring the quantity and quality of this edible mushroom. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenotype is still unclear. In this study, a comparative proteomic analysis of mycelial BF formation in L. edodes was performed. Seventy-three protein spots with at least a twofold difference in abundance on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) maps were observed, and 52 of them were successfully identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF/MS). These proteins were classified into the following functional categories: small molecule metabolic processes (39%), response to oxidative stress (5%), and organic substance catabolic processes (5%), followed by oxidation-reduction processes (3%), single-organism catabolic processes (3%), positive regulation of protein complex assembly (3%), and protein metabolic processes (3%). Interestingly, four of the proteins that were upregulated in response to light exposure were nucleoside diphosphate kinases. To our knowledge, this is the first proteomic analysis of the mechanism of BF formation in L. edodes. Our data will provide a foundation for future detailed investigations of the proteins linked to BF formation.
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Peng HY, Qi YP, Lee J, Yang LT, Guo P, Jiang HX, Chen LS. Proteomic analysis of Citrus sinensis roots and leaves in response to long-term magnesium-deficiency. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:253. [PMID: 25887480 PMCID: PMC4383213 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg)-deficiency is frequently observed in Citrus plantations and is responsible for the loss of productivity and poor fruit quality. Knowledge on the effects of Mg-deficiency on upstream targets is scarce. Seedlings of 'Xuegan' [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] were irrigated with Mg-deficient (0 mM MgSO4) or Mg-sufficient (1 mM MgSO4) nutrient solution for 16 weeks. Thereafter, we first investigated the proteomic responses of C. sinensis roots and leaves to Mg-deficiency using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) in order to (a) enrich our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plants to deal with Mg-deficiency and (b) understand the molecular mechanisms by which Mg-deficiency lead to a decrease in photosynthesis. RESULTS Fifty-nine upregulated and 31 downregulated protein spots were isolated in Mg-deficient leaves, while only 19 upregulated and 12 downregulated protein spots in Mg-deficient roots. Many Mg-deficiency-responsive proteins were involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, followed by protein metabolism, stress responses, nucleic acid metabolism, cell wall and cytoskeleton metabolism, lipid metabolism and cell transport. The larger changes in leaf proteome versus root one in response to Mg-deficiency was further supported by our observation that total soluble protein concentration was decreased by Mg-deficiency in leaves, but unaffected in roots. Mg-deficiency had decreased levels of proteins [i.e. ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), rubisco activase, oxygen evolving enhancer protein 1, photosynthetic electron transfer-like protein, ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR), aldolase] involved in photosynthesis, thus decreasing leaf photosynthesis. To cope with Mg-deficiency, C. sinensis leaves and roots might respond adaptively to Mg-deficiency through: improving leaf respiration and lowering root respiration, but increasing (decreasing) the levels of proteins related to ATP synthase in roots (leaves); enhancing the levels of proteins involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and other stress-responsive proteins; accelerating proteolytic cleavage of proteins by proteases, protein transport and amino acid metabolism; and upregulating the levels of proteins involved in cell wall and cytoskeleton metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that proteomics were more affected by long-term Mg-deficiency in leaves than in roots, and that the adaptive responses differed between roots and leaves when exposed to long-term Mg-deficiency. Mg-deficiency decreased the levels of many proteins involved in photosynthesis, thus decreasing leaf photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Peng
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Qi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Jinwook Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, ROK.
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Huan-Xin Jiang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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9
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Armstrong JJ, Takebayashi N, Sformo T, Wolf DE. Cold tolerance in Arabidopsis kamchatica. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2015; 102:439-448. [PMID: 25784477 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY Cold tolerance is a critically important factor determining how plants will be influenced by climate change, including changes in snowcover and extreme weather events. Although a great deal is known about cold tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, it is not highly cold tolerant. This study examined cold tolerance and its genetic diversity in an herbaceous subarctic relative, Arabidopsis kamchatica, which generally occurs in much colder climates.• METHODS Thermal analysis and electrolyte leakage were used to estimate supercooling points and lethal temperatures (LT50) in cold-acclimated and nonacclimated families from three populations of A. kamchatica.• KEY RESULTS Arabidopsis kamchatica was highly cold tolerant, with a mean LT50 of -10.8°C when actively growing, and -21.8°C when cold acclimated. It also was able to supercool to very low temperatures. Surprisingly, actively growing plants supercooled more than acclimated plants (-14.7 vs. -12.7°C). There was significant genetic variation for cold tolerance both within and among populations. However, both cold tolerance and genetic diversity were highest in the midlatitude population rather than in the far north, indicating that adaptations to climate change are most likely to arise in the center of the species range rather than at the edges.• CONCLUSIONS Arabidopsis kamchatica is highly cold tolerant throughout its range. It is far more freeze tolerant than A. thaliana, and supercooled to lower temperatures, suggesting that A. kamchatica provides a valuable complement to A. thaliana for cold tolerance research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Armstrong
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, 311 Irving I, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 USA University of Alaska Fairbanks, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, 900 Yukon Drive, Room 358, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 USA
| | - Naoki Takebayashi
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, 311 Irving I, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 USA
| | - Todd Sformo
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, 311 Irving I, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 USA Department of Wildlife Management/ North Slope Borough, Barrow, Alaska 99723 USA
| | - Diana E Wolf
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, 311 Irving I, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 USA
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