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Marathe S, Grotewold E, Otegui MS. Should I stay or should I go? Trafficking of plant extra-nuclear transcription factors. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1524-1539. [PMID: 38163635 PMCID: PMC11062434 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
At the heart of all biological processes lies the control of nuclear gene expression, which is primarily achieved through the action of transcription factors (TFs) that generally contain a nuclear localization signal (NLS) to facilitate their transport into the nucleus. However, some TFs reside in the cytoplasm in a transcriptionally inactive state and only enter the nucleus in response to specific signals, which in plants include biotic or abiotic stresses. These extra-nuclear TFs can be found in the cytosol or associated with various membrane systems, including the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. They may be integral proteins with transmembrane domains or associate peripherally with the lipid bilayer via acylation or membrane-binding domains. Although over 30 plant TFs, most of them involved in stress responses, have been experimentally shown to reside outside the nucleus, computational predictions suggest that this number is much larger. Understanding how extra-nuclear TFs are trafficked into the nucleus is essential for reconstructing transcriptional regulatory networks that govern major cellular pathways in response to biotic and abiotic signals. Here, we provide a perspective on what is known on plant extranuclear-nuclear TF retention, nuclear trafficking, and the post-translational modifications that ultimately enable them to regulate gene expression upon entering the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Marathe
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-6473, USA
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Lu J, Yang N, Zhu Y, Chai Z, Zhang T, Li W. Genome-wide survey of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CPKs) in five Brassica species and identification of CPKs induced by Plasmodiophora brassicae in B. rapa, B. oleracea, and B. napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1067723. [PMID: 36479517 PMCID: PMC9720142 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1067723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPK) is a class of Ser/Thr protein kinase that exists in plants and some protozoa, possessing Ca2+ sensing functions and kinase activity. To better reveal the roles that Brassica CPKs played during plant response to stresses, five Brassica species, namely Brassica rapa (B. rapa), Brassica nigra (B. nigra), Brassica oleracea (B. oleracea), Brassica juncea (B. juncea), and Brassica napus (B. napus) were selected and analyzed. In total, 51 BraCPK, 56 BniCPK, 56 BolCPK, 88 BjuCPK, and 107 BnaCPK genes were identified genome wide and phylogenetics, chromosomal mapping, collinearity, promoter analysis, and biological stress analysis were conducted. The results showed that a typical CPK gene was constituted by a long exon and tandem short exons. They were unevenly distributed on most chromosomes except chromosome A08 in B. napus and B. rapa, and almost all CPK genes were located on regions of high gene density as non-tandem form. The promoter regions of BraCPKs, BolCPKs, and BnaCPKs possessed at least three types of cis-elements, among which the abscisic acid responsive-related accounted for the largest proportion. In the phylogenetic tree, CPKs were clustered into four primary groups, among which group I contained the most CPK genes while group IV contained the fewest. Some clades, like AT5G23580.1(CPK12) and AT2G31500.1 (CPK24) contained much more gene members than others, indicating a possibility that gene expansion occurred during evolution. Furthermore, 4 BraCPKs, 14 BolCPKs, and 31 BnaCPKs involved in the Plasmodiophora brassicae (P. brassicae) defense response in resistant (R) or susceptible (S) materials were derived from online databases, leading to the discovery that some R-specific induced CPKs, such as BnaC02g08720D, BnaA03g03800D, and BolC04g018270.2J.m1 might be ideal candidate genes for P. brassicae resistant research. Overall, these results provide valuable information for research on the function and evolution of CDK genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxing Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plant Environmental Adaptations, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyi Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plant Environmental Adaptations, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongxin Chai
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tao Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plant Environmental Adaptations, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plant Environmental Adaptations, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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Dekomah SD, Bi Z, Dormatey R, Wang Y, Haider FU, Sun C, Yao P, Bai J. The role of CDPKs in plant development, nutrient and stress signaling. Front Genet 2022; 13:996203. [PMID: 36246614 PMCID: PMC9561101 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.996203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The second messenger calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous intracellular signaling molecule found in eukaryotic cells. In plants, the multigene family of calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) plays an important role in regulating plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. CDPKs sense changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and translate them into phosphorylation events that initiate downstream signaling processes. Several functional and expression studies on different CDPKs and their encoding genes have confirmed their multifunctional role in stress. Here, we provide an overview of the signal transduction mechanisms and functional roles of CDPKs. This review includes details on the regulation of secondary metabolites, nutrient uptake, regulation of flower development, hormonal regulation, and biotic and abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dontoro Dekomah
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Bi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Richard Dormatey
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yihao Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Panfeng Yao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangping Bai
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangping Bai,
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Sharma M, Choudhury H, Roy R, Michaels SA, Ojo KK, Bansal A. CDPKs: The critical decoders of calcium signal at various stages of malaria parasite development. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5092-5107. [PMID: 34589185 PMCID: PMC8453137 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions are used as important signals during various physiological processes. In malaria parasites, Plasmodium spp., calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have acquired the unique ability to sense and transduce calcium signals at various critical steps during the lifecycle, either through phosphorylation of downstream substrates or mediating formation of high molecular weight protein complexes. Calcium signaling cascades establish important crosstalk events with signaling pathways mediated by other secondary messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). CDPKs play critical roles at various important physiological steps during parasite development in vertebrates and mosquitoes. They are also important for transmission of the parasite between the two hosts. Combined with the fact that CDPKs are not present in humans, they continue to be pursued as important targets for development of anti-malarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Sharma
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Himashree Choudhury
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Samantha A. Michaels
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Kayode K. Ojo
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Abhisheka Bansal
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Iqbal Z, Shariq Iqbal M, Singh SP, Buaboocha T. Ca 2+/Calmodulin Complex Triggers CAMTA Transcriptional Machinery Under Stress in Plants: Signaling Cascade and Molecular Regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:598327. [PMID: 33343600 PMCID: PMC7744605 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.598327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) ion is a critical ubiquitous intracellular second messenger, acting as a lead currency for several distinct signal transduction pathways. Transient perturbations in free cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) concentrations are indispensable for the translation of signals into adaptive biological responses. The transient increase in [Ca2+]cyt levels is sensed by an array of Ca2+ sensor relay proteins such as calmodulin (CaM), eventually leading to conformational changes and activation of CaM. CaM, in a Ca2+-dependent manner, regulates several transcription factors (TFs) that are implicated in various molecular, physiological, and biochemical functions in cells. CAMTA (calmodulin-binding transcription activator) is one such member of the Ca2+-loaded CaM-dependent family of TFs. The present review focuses on Ca2+ as a second messenger, its interaction with CaM, and Ca2+/CaM-mediated CAMTA transcriptional regulation in plants. The review recapitulates the molecular and physiological functions of CAMTA in model plants and various crops, confirming its probable involvement in stress signaling pathways and overall plant development. Studying Ca2+/CaM-mediated CAMTA TF will help in answering key questions concerning signaling cascades and molecular regulation under stress conditions and plant growth, thus improving our knowledge for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Iqbal
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mohammed Shariq Iqbal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Surendra Pratap Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (PG) College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Teerapong Buaboocha
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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6
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Zhou Z, Wang J, Zhang S, Yu Q, Lan H. Investigation of the Nature of CgCDPK and CgbHLH001 Interaction and the Function of bHLH Transcription Factor in Stress Tolerance in Chenopodium glaucum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:603298. [PMID: 33552098 PMCID: PMC7862342 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.603298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and its substrates play important roles in plant response to stress. So far, the documentation on the characterization of the CDPK and downstream interaction components (especially transcription factors, TFs) is limited. In the present study, an interaction between CgCDPK (protein kinase) (accession no. MW26306) and CgbHLH001 (TF) (accession no. MT797813) from a halophyte Chenopodium glaucum was further dissected. Firstly, we revealed that the probable nature between the CgCDPK and CgbHLH001 interaction was the phosphorylation, and the N-terminus of CgbHLH001, especially the 96th serine (the potential phosphorylation site) within it, was essential for the interaction, whereas the mutation of 96Ser to alanine did not change its nuclear localization, which was determined by the N-terminus and bHLH domain together. Furthermore, we verified the function of CgbHLH001 gene in response to stress by ectopic overexpression in tobacco; the transgenic lines presented enhanced stress tolerance probably by improving physiological performance and stress-related gene expression. In conclusion, we characterized the biological significance of the interaction between CDPK and bHLH in C. glaucum and verified the positive function of CgbHLH001 in stress tolerance, which may supply more evidence in better understanding of the CDPK signaling pathway in response to adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Zhou
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Shiyue Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qinghui Yu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghui Yu,
| | - Haiyan Lan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Haiyan Lan,
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7
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GA 3 application in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) modulates different sets of genes at cluster emergence, full bloom, and berry stage as revealed by RNA sequence-based transcriptome analysis. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 18:439-455. [PMID: 29626310 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) is applied at different stages of bunch development to achieve desirable bunch shape and berry size in seedless grapes used for table purpose. RNA sequence-based transcriptome analysis was used to understand the mechanism of GA3 action at cluster emergence, full bloom, and berry stage in table grape variety Thompson Seedless. At cluster emergence, rachis samples were collected at 6 and 24 h after application of GA3, whereas flower clusters and berry samples were collected at 6, 24, and 48 h after application at full bloom and 3-4 mm berry stages. Seven hundred thirty-three genes were differentially expressed in GA3-treated samples. At rachis and flower cluster stage respectively, 126 and 264 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed within 6 h of GA3 application. The number of DEG reduced considerably at 24 h. However, at berry stage, major changes occurred even at 24 h and a number of DEGs at 6 and 24 h were 174 and 191, respectively. As compared to upregulated genes, larger numbers of genes were downregulated. Stage-specific response to the GA3 application was observed as evident from the unique set of DEGs at each stage and only a few common genes among three stages. Among the DEGs, 67 were transcription factors. Functional categorization and enrichment analysis revealed that several transcripts involved in sucrose and hexose metabolism, hormone and secondary metabolism, and abiotic and biotic stimuli were enriched in response to application of GA3. A high correlation was recorded for real-time PCR and transcriptome data for selected DEGs, thus indicating the robustness of transcriptome data obtained in this study for understanding the GA3 response at different stages of berry development in grape. Chromosomal localization of DEGs and identification of polymorphic microsatellite markers in selected genes have potential for their use in breeding for varieties with improved bunch architecture.
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8
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Catalá R, López-Cobollo R, Mar Castellano M, Angosto T, Alonso JM, Ecker JR, Salinas J. The Arabidopsis 14-3-3 protein RARE COLD INDUCIBLE 1A links low-temperature response and ethylene biosynthesis to regulate freezing tolerance and cold acclimation. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3326-42. [PMID: 25122152 PMCID: PMC4371832 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.127605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the expression of 14-3-3 genes reacts to various adverse environmental conditions, including cold, high salt, and drought. Although these results suggest that 14-3-3 proteins have the potential to regulate plant responses to abiotic stresses, their role in such responses remains poorly understood. Previously, we showed that the RARE COLD INDUCIBLE 1A (RCI1A) gene encodes the 14-3-3 psi isoform. Here, we present genetic and molecular evidence implicating RCI1A in the response to low temperature. Our results demonstrate that RCI1A functions as a negative regulator of constitutive freezing tolerance and cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana by controlling cold-induced gene expression. Interestingly, this control is partially performed through an ethylene (ET)-dependent pathway involving physical interaction with different ACC SYNTHASE (ACS) isoforms and a decreased ACS stability. We show that, consequently, RCI1A restrains ET biosynthesis, contributing to establish adequate levels of this hormone in Arabidopsis under both standard and low-temperature conditions. We further show that these levels are required to promote proper cold-induced gene expression and freezing tolerance before and after cold acclimation. All these data indicate that RCI1A connects the low-temperature response with ET biosynthesis to modulate constitutive freezing tolerance and cold acclimation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Catalá
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro Investigaciones Biológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa López-Cobollo
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro Investigaciones Biológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Mar Castellano
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro Investigaciones Biológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Trinidad Angosto
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentaria ceiA3, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - José M Alonso
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Julio Salinas
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro Investigaciones Biológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Pereira ALA, Carazzolle MF, Abe VY, de Oliveira MLP, Domingues MN, Silva JC, Cernadas RA, Benedetti CE. Identification of putative TAL effector targets of the citrus canker pathogens shows functional convergence underlying disease development and defense response. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:157. [PMID: 24564253 PMCID: PMC4028880 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcriptional activator-like (TAL) effectors, formerly known as the AvrBs3/PthA protein family, are DNA-binding effectors broadly found in Xanthomonas spp. that transactivate host genes upon injection via the bacterial type three-secretion system. Biologically relevant targets of TAL effectors, i.e. host genes whose induction is vital to establish a compatible interaction, have been reported for xanthomonads that colonize rice and pepper; however, citrus genes modulated by the TAL effectors PthA“s” and PthC“s” of the citrus canker bacteria Xanthomonas citri (Xc) and Xanthomonas aurantifolii pathotype C (XaC), respectively, are poorly characterized. Of particular interest, XaC causes canker disease in its host lemon (Citrus aurantifolia), but triggers a defense response in sweet orange. Results Based on, 1) the TAL effector-DNA binding code, 2) gene expression data of Xc and XaC-infiltrated sweet orange leaves, and 3) citrus hypocotyls transformed with PthA2, PthA4 or PthC1, we have identified a collection of Citrus sinensis genes potentially targeted by Xc and XaC TAL effectors. Our results suggest that similar with other strains of Xanthomonas TAL effectors, PthA2 and PthA4, and PthC1 to some extent, functionally converge. In particular, towards induction of genes involved in the auxin and gibberellin synthesis and response, cell division, and defense response. We also present evidence indicating that the TAL effectors act as transcriptional repressors and that the best scoring predicted DNA targets of PthA“s” and PthC“s” in citrus promoters predominantly overlap with or localize near to TATA boxes of core promoters, supporting the idea that TAL effectors interact with the host basal transcriptional machinery to recruit the RNA pol II and start transcription. Conclusions The identification of PthA“s” and PthC“s” targets, such as the LOB (LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARY) and CCNBS genes that we report here, is key for the understanding of the canker symptoms development during host susceptibility, or the defenses of sweet orange against the canker bacteria. We have narrowed down candidate targets to a few, which pointed out the host metabolic pathways explored by the pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Celso E Benedetti
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, R, Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro 10000, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
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10
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Ho SL, Huang LF, Lu CA, He SL, Wang CC, Yu SP, Chen J, Yu SM. Sugar starvation- and GA-inducible calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 feedback regulates GA biosynthesis and activates a 14-3-3 protein to confer drought tolerance in rice seedlings. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 81:347-61. [PMID: 23329372 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-0006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Germination followed by seedling growth constitutes two essential steps in the initiation of a new life cycle in plants, and in cereals, completion of these steps is regulated by sugar starvation and the hormone gibberellin. A calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 gene (OsCDPK1) was identified by differential screening of a cDNA library derived from sucrose-starved rice suspension cells. The expression of OsCDPK1 was found to be specifically activated by sucrose starvation among several stress conditions tested as well as activated transiently during post-germination seedling growth. In gain- and loss-of-function studies performed with transgenic rice overexpressing a constitutively active or RNA interference gene knockdown construct, respectively, OsCDPK1 was found to negatively regulate the expression of enzymes essential for GA biosynthesis. In contrast, OsCDPK1 activated the expression of a 14-3-3 protein, GF14c. Overexpression of either constitutively active OsCDPK1 or GF14c enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic rice seedlings. Hence, our studies demonstrated that OsCDPK1 transduces the post-germination Ca(2+) signal derived from sugar starvation and GA, refines the endogenous GA concentration and prevents drought stress injury, all essential functions to seedling development at the beginning of the life cycle in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Lon Ho
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan, ROC.
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Grandellis C, Giammaria V, Bialer M, Santin F, Lin T, Hannapel DJ, Ulloa RM. The novel Solanum tuberosum calcium dependent protein kinase, StCDPK3, is expressed in actively growing organs. PLANTA 2012; 236:1831-48. [PMID: 22922879 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are key components of calcium regulated signaling cascades in plants. In this work, isoform StCDPK3 from Solanum tuberosum was studied and fully described. StCDPK3 encodes a 63 kDa protein with an N-terminal variable domain (NTV), rich in prolines and glutamines, which presents myristoylation and palmitoylation consensus sites and a PEST sequence indicative of rapid protein degradation. StCDPK3 gene (circa 11 kb) is localized in chromosome 3, shares the eight exons and seven introns structure with other isoforms from subgroup IIa and contains an additional intron in the 5'UTR region. StCDPK3 expression is ubiquitous being transcripts more abundant in early elongating stolons (ES), leaves and roots, however isoform specific antibodies only detected the protein in leaf particulate extracts. The recombinant 6xHis-StCDPK3 is an active kinase that differs in its kinetic parameters and calcium requirements from StCDPK1 and 2 isoforms. In vitro, StCDPK3 undergoes autophosphorylation regardless of the addition of calcium. The StCDPK3 promoter region (circa 1,800 bp) was subcloned by genome walking and fused to GUS. Light and ABRE responsive elements were identified in the promoter region as well as elements associated to expression in roots. StCDPK3 expression was enhanced by ABA while GA decreased it. Potato transgenic lines harboring StCDPK3 promoter∷GUS construct were generated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated plant transformation. Promoter activity was detected in leaves, root tips and branching points, early ES, tuber eyes and developing sprouts indicating that StCDPK3 is expressed in actively growing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Grandellis
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular Dr. Hector N. Torres, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Monshausen GB. Visualizing Ca(2+) signatures in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 15:677-682. [PMID: 23044039 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) is a key player in an astonishing variety of plant signal transduction pathways where transient, spiking or oscillatory changes in cytosolic Ca(2+) levels help to couple environmental or developmental cues to appropriate cellular responses. Understanding whether and how much Ca(2+) signaling contributes to defining stimulus-response specificity has long been a challenge, but recent work has provided strong evidence that specific information can indeed be encoded in the spatiotemporal characteristics of Ca(2+) signals. Identification of the Ca(2+) binding proteins that transduce Ca(2+) signals by regulating downstream effector proteins has revealed a complex network of Ca(2+) sensor families, of which some members show distinct patterns of expression and subcellular localization. By utilizing genetically encoded fluorescent Ca(2+) probes to monitor Ca(2+) changes at high spatiotemporal resolution, it is now possible to explore whether such spatial heterogeneities in Ca(2+) sensor distribution are coordinated with subcellular microdomains of Ca(2+) signaling. Such visualization of Ca(2+) signaling will also help to address which cellular compartments and transporters contribute to mobilizing and sequestering Ca(2+) and thus define stimulus-specific Ca(2+) signatures.
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