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Noor M, Muhammad G, Hanif H, Hussain MA, Iqbal MM, Mehmood U, Taslimi P, Shafiq Z. Structure, chemical modification, and functional applications of mucilage from Mimosa pudica seeds - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132390. [PMID: 38754657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Mimosa pudica (MP) is an ornamental plant due to seismonastic movements that close leaves and fall petioles in response to touch, wind, light, heat, cold, and vibration. The seeds of MP secrete smart, biocompatible, and non-toxic mucilage that has captivated researchers due to its widespread use in various fields such as pharmaceuticals and biotechnology. The mucilage is responsive to pH, salt solutions, and solvents and acts as a binder in tablet formulations for targeted drug delivery. The mucilage is chemically modifiable via acetylation, succinylation, and graft polymerization. Chemically modified MP mucilage appeared supersorbent for heavy metal ion uptake. Nanoparticles synthesized using mucilage as a reducing and capping agent displayed significant antimicrobial and wound-healing potential. Crosslinking of mucilage using citric acid as a crosslinking agent offers a sustained release of drugs. The present review is aimed to discuss extraction optimization, structure, modification, and the stimuli-responsive nature of mucilage. The review article will cover the potential of mucilage as emulsifying, suspending, bio-adhesive, gelling, and thickening agent. The role of mucilage as a capping and reducing agent for nanoparticles will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manahil Noor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Hina Hanif
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajaz Hussain
- Centre for Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | | | - Uqba Mehmood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, 74100 Bartin, Turkey
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
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2
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Gao F, Yang X, Song W. Bioinspired Supramolecular Hydrogel from Design to Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300753. [PMID: 37599261 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Nature offers a wealth of opportunities to solve scientific and technological issues based on its unique structures and function. The dynamic non-covalent interaction is considered to be the main base of living functions of creatures including humans, animals, and plants. Supramolecular hydrogels formed by non-covalent bonding interactions has become a unique platform for constructing promising materials for medicine, energy, electronic, and biological substitute. In this review, the self-assemble principle of supramolecular hydrogels is summarized. Next, the stimulation of external environment that triggers the assembly or disassembly of supramolecular hydrogels are recapitulated, including temperature, mechanics, light, pH, ions, etc. The main applications of bioinspired supramolecular hydrogels in terms of bionic objects including humans, animals, and plants are also described. Although so many efforts are done for revealing the synergized mechanism of the function and non-covalent interactions on the supramolecular hydrogel, the complexity and variability between stimulus and non-covalent bonding in the supramolecular system still require impeccable theories. As an outlook, the bioinspired supramolecular hydrogel is just beginning to exhibit its great potential in human life, offering significant opportunities in drug delivery and screening, implantable devices and substitutions, tissue engineering, micro-fluidic devices, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xuhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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3
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Zhou SW, Zhou D, Gu R, Ma CS, Yu C, Qu DH. Mechanically interlocked [c2]daisy chain backbone enabling advanced shape-memory polymeric materials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1690. [PMID: 38402228 PMCID: PMC10894290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of mechanically interlocked structures into polymer backbones has been shown to confer remarkable functionalities to materials. In this work, a [c2]daisy chain unit based on dibenzo-24-crown-8 is covalently embedded into the backbone of a polymer network, resulting in a synthetic material possessing remarkable shape-memory properties under thermal control. By decoupling the molecular structure into three control groups, we demonstrate the essential role of the [c2]daisy chain crosslinks in driving the shape memory function. The mechanically interlocked topology is found to be an essential element for the increase of glass transition temperature and consequent gain of shape memory function. The supramolecular host-guest interactions within the [c2]daisy chain topology not only ensure robust mechanical strength and good network stability of the polymer, but also impart the shape memory polymer with remarkable shape recovery properties and fatigue resistance ability. The incorporation of the [c2]daisy chain unit as a building block has the potential to lay the groundwork for the development of a wide range of shape-memory polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Danlei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ruirui Gu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Chang-Shun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chengyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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4
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Schulz AK, Schneider N, Zhang M, Singal K. A Year at the Forefront of Hydrostat Motion. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059834. [PMID: 37566395 PMCID: PMC10434360 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, in the field of interdisciplinary work in biology, there has been a significant push by the soft robotic community to understand the motion and maneuverability of hydrostats. This Review seeks to expand the muscular hydrostat hypothesis toward new structures, including plants, and introduce innovative techniques to the hydrostat community on new modeling, simulating, mimicking, and observing hydrostat motion methods. These methods range from ideas of kirigami, origami, and knitting for mimic creation to utilizing reinforcement learning for control of bio-inspired soft robotic systems. It is now being understood through modeling that different mechanisms can inhibit traditional hydrostat motion, such as skin, nostrils, or sheathed layered muscle walls. The impact of this Review will highlight these mechanisms, including asymmetries, and discuss the critical next steps toward understanding their motion and how species with hydrostat structures control such complex motions, highlighting work from January 2022 to December 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K. Schulz
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Nikole Schneider
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Margaret Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Krishma Singal
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Armada-Moreira A, Dar AM, Zhao Z, Cea C, Gelinas J, Berggren M, Costa A, Khodagholy D, Stavrinidou E. Plant electrophysiology with conformable organic electronics: Deciphering the propagation of Venus flytrap action potentials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh4443. [PMID: 37494449 PMCID: PMC10371018 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh4443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrical signals in plants are mediators of long-distance signaling and correlate with plant movements and responses to stress. These signals are studied with single surface electrodes that cannot resolve signal propagation and integration, thus impeding their decoding and link to function. Here, we developed a conformable multielectrode array based on organic electronics for large-scale and high-resolution plant electrophysiology. We performed precise spatiotemporal mapping of the action potential (AP) in Venus flytrap and found that the AP actively propagates through the tissue with constant speed and without strong directionality. We also found that spontaneously generated APs can originate from unstimulated hairs and that they correlate with trap movement. Last, we demonstrate that the Venus flytrap circuitry can be activated by cells other than the sensory hairs. Our work reveals key properties of the AP and establishes the capacity of organic bioelectronics for resolving electrical signaling in plants contributing to the mechanistic understanding of long-distance responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Armada-Moreira
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Neuronal Dynamics Lab, International School for Advanced Studies, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy
| | - Abdul Manan Dar
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Zifang Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Claudia Cea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jennifer Gelinas
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dion Khodagholy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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Gao Y, Zhu J, Zhai H, Xu K, Zhu X, Wu H, Zhang W, Wu S, Chen X, Xia Z. Dysfunction of an Anaphase-Promoting Complex Subunit 8 Homolog Leads to Super-Short Petioles and Enlarged Petiole Angles in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11024. [PMID: 37446203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant height, petiole length, and the angle of the leaf petiole and branch angles are crucial traits determining plant architecture and yield in soybean (Glycine max L.). Here, we characterized a soybean mutant with super-short petioles (SSP) and enlarged petiole angles (named Gmssp) through phenotypic observation, anatomical structure analysis, and bulk sequencing analysis. To identify the gene responsible for the Gmssp mutant phenotype, we established a pipeline involving bulk sequencing, variant calling, functional annotation by SnpEFF (v4.0e) software, and Integrative Genomics Viewer analysis, and we initially identified Glyma.11G026400, encoding a homolog of Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 8 (APC8). Another mutant, t7, with a large deletion of many genes including Glyma.11G026400, has super-short petioles and an enlarged petiole angle, similar to the Gmssp phenotype. Characterization of the t7 mutant together with quantitative trait locus mapping and allelic variation analysis confirmed Glyma.11G026400 as the gene involved in the Gmssp phenotype. In Gmssp, a 4 bp deletion in Glyma.11G026400 leads to a 380 aa truncated protein due to a premature stop codon. The dysfunction or absence of Glyma.11G026400 caused severe defects in morphology, anatomical structure, and physiological traits. Transcriptome analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed multiple pathways likely involved in these phenotypes, including ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and gibberellin-mediated pathways. Our results demonstrate that dysfunction of Glyma.11G026400 leads to diverse functional consequences in different tissues, indicating that this APC8 homolog plays key roles in cell differentiation and elongation in a tissue-specific manner. Deciphering the molecular control of petiole length and angle enriches our knowledge of the molecular network regulating plant architecture in soybean and should facilitate the breeding of high-yielding soybean cultivars with compact plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinlong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhengjun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
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Li W, Guan Q, Li M, Saiz E, Hou X. Nature's strategy to construct tough responsive hydrogel actuators and their applications. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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8
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de Bakker JMT, Coronel R. Summation of activation at the branch-stem transition of Mimosa pudica; a comparison with summation in cardiac tissue. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286103. [PMID: 37205655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In Mimosa pudica plants, local and global responses to environmental stimuli are associated with different types of electrical activity. Non-damaging stimuli (e.g. cooling) generate action potentials (APs), whereas damaging stimuli (e.g. heating) are associated with variation potentials (VPs). Local cooling of Mimosa branches resulted in APs that propagated up to the branch-stem interface and caused drooping of the branch (local response). This electrical activation did not pass the interface. If the branch was triggered by heat, however, a VP was transferred to the stem and caused activation of the entire plant (global response). VPs caused by heat were always preceded by APs and summation of the two types of activation appeared to be necessary for the activation to pass the branch-stem interface. Mechanical cutting of leaves also resulted in VPs preceded by APs, but in those cases a time delay was present between the two activations, which prevented adequate summation and transmission of activation. Simultaneous cold-induced activation of a branch and the stem below the interface occasionally resulted in summation sufficient to activate the stem beyond the interface. To investigate the effect of activation delay on summation, a similar structure of excitable converging pathways, consisting of a star-shaped pattern of neonatal rat heart cells, was used. In this model, summation of activation was not hindered by a small degree of asynchrony. The observations indicate that summation occurs in excitable branching structures and suggest that summation of activation plays a role in the propagation of nocuous stimuli in Mimosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques M T de Bakker
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Coronel
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Shomali A, Vafaei Sadi MS, Bakhtiarizadeh MR, Aliniaeifard S, Trewavas A, Calvo P. Identification of intelligence-related proteins through a robust two-layer predictor. Commun Integr Biol 2022; 15:253-264. [DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2022.2143101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Shomali
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anthony Trewavas
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paco Calvo
- Minimal Intelligence Lab, University of Murcia, Spain
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Hanief Abdurrahman B, Irmansyah I, Ahmad F. Electronic thygmonasty model in Mimosa pudicabiomimetic robot. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2022; 18:016001. [PMID: 36301693 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac9d7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Direct contact of random objects from the open environment to the panel surface of an electronic device may reduce the work efficiency and cause permanent damage. However, there is a possible way to solve this problem, notably by implementing an adaptive structure design inspired by plants. TheMimosa pudicaplant provides several interesting information on its adaptability. Various studies have been conducted on the electrical properties of its organs explaining the phytoactuator and phytosensor cells that function within it. We combined the use of sensors, actuators, and synthetic excitable tissue as the first robot model purposed to mimic the behavior of theM. pudicaplant. The Computer vision method was used to measure leaf angular movement and collected it as plant behavior data based on the mechanical stimulus experiment. The Robot structure has eight arms equipped with sensors, servo motors, and microcontrollers that are operated with two activation system models approach. The first model could imitate the stimulus process received by electronic circuits that generate action potential signals with a maximum voltage of 4.71-5.02 V and a minimum voltage of -5.33 to -3.45 V that propagated from node to node. The second model involves a trained artificial neural network model with a supervised learning pattern that provides 100% accuracy when choosing movement output based on the given combination. This robot imitates theM. pudica's intelligent sensing capabilities and its ability to change the structure shape based on the thygmonasty experiments data which could provide an overview of how plants process information and perform hazard avoidance actions efficiently. Future applications for the technology inspired by the plant's self-defense mechanisms are adaptive intelligent structures that can protect against harmful conditions, particle contamination, and adjusting panel structure to search for desired environmental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irmansyah Irmansyah
- Applied Physics Division, Department of Physics, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Faozan Ahmad
- Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Wang Q, Shang L. Smart Film Actuators for Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105116. [PMID: 35038215 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Taking inspiration from the extremely flexible motion abilities in natural organisms, soft actuators have emerged in the past few decades. Particularly, smart film actuators (SFAs) demonstrate unique superiority in easy fabrication, tailorable geometric configurations, and programmable 3D deformations. Thus, they are promising in many biomedical applications, such as soft robotics, tissue engineering, delivery system, and organ-on-a-chip. In this review, the latest achievements of SFAs applied in biomedical fields are summarized. The authors start by introducing the fabrication techniques of SFAs, then shift to the topology design of SFAs, followed by their material selections and distinct actuating mechanisms. After that, their biomedical applications are categorized in practical aspects. The challenges and prospects of this field are finally discussed. The authors believe that this review can boost the development of soft robotics, biomimetics, and human healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohao Zhang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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12
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Kong K, Xu M, Xu Z, Sharmin RA, Zhang M, Zhao T. Combining Fine Mapping, Whole-Genome Re-Sequencing, and RNA-Seq Unravels Candidate Genes for a Soybean Mutant with Short Petioles and Weakened Pulvini. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:185. [PMID: 35205230 PMCID: PMC8872139 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A short petiole is an important agronomic trait for the development of plant ideotypes with high yields. However, the genetic basis underlying this trait remains unclear. Here, we identified and characterized a novel soybean mutant with short petioles and weakened pulvini, designated as short petioles and weakened pulvini (spwp). Compared with the wild type (WT), the spwp mutant displayed shortened petioles, owing to the longitudinally decreased cell length, and exhibited a smaller pulvinus structure due to a reduction in motor cell proliferation and expansion. Genetic analysis showed that the phenotype of the spwp mutant was controlled by two recessive nuclear genes, named as spwp1 and spwp2. Using a map-based cloning strategy, the spwp1 locus was mapped in a 183 kb genomic region on chromosome 14 between markers S1413 and S1418, containing 15 annotated genes, whereas the spwp2 locus was mapped in a 195 kb genomic region on chromosome 11 between markers S1373 and S1385, containing 18 annotated genes. Based on the whole-genome re-sequencing and RNA-seq data, we identified two homologous genes, Glyma.11g230300 and Glyma.11g230600, as the most promising candidate genes for the spwp2 locus. In addition, the RNA-seq analysis revealed that the expression levels of genes involved in the cytokinin and auxin signaling transduction networks were altered in the spwp mutant compared with the WT. Our findings provide new gene resources for insights into the genetic mechanisms of petiole development and pulvinus establishment, as well as soybean ideotype breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Kong
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.K.); (M.X.); (Z.X.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Mengge Xu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.K.); (M.X.); (Z.X.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.K.); (M.X.); (Z.X.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Ripa Akter Sharmin
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.K.); (M.X.); (Z.X.); (R.A.S.)
- Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Cereal & Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.K.); (M.X.); (Z.X.); (R.A.S.)
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Abstract
In contrast to conventional hard actuators, soft actuators offer many vivid advantages, such as improved flexibility, adaptability, and reconfigurability, which are intrinsic to living systems. These properties make them particularly promising for different applications, including soft electronics, surgery, drug delivery, artificial organs, or prosthesis. The additional degree of freedom for soft actuatoric devices can be provided through the use of intelligent materials, which are able to change their structure, macroscopic properties, and shape under the influence of external signals. The use of such intelligent materials allows a substantial reduction of a device's size, which enables a number of applications that cannot be realized by externally powered systems. This review aims to provide an overview of the properties of intelligent synthetic and living/natural materials used for the fabrication of soft robotic devices. We discuss basic physical/chemical properties of the main kinds of materials (elastomers, gels, shape memory polymers and gels, liquid crystalline elastomers, semicrystalline ferroelectric polymers, gels and hydrogels, other swelling polymers, materials with volume change during melting/crystallization, materials with tunable mechanical properties, and living and naturally derived materials), how they are related to actuation and soft robotic application, and effects of micro/macro structures on shape transformation, fabrication methods, and we highlight selected applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Apsite
- Faculty of Engineering Science, Department of Biofabrication, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Biomaterials, Center of Energy Technology und Materials Science, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Ionov
- Faculty of Engineering Science, Department of Biofabrication, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Electrical Signaling of Plants under Abiotic Stressors: Transmission of Stimulus-Specific Information. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910715. [PMID: 34639056 PMCID: PMC8509212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have developed complex systems of perception and signaling to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Electrical signaling is one of the most promising candidates for the regulatory mechanisms of the systemic functional response under the local action of various stimuli. Long-distance electrical signals of plants, such as action potential (AP), variation potential (VP), and systemic potential (SP), show specificities to types of inducing stimuli. The systemic response induced by a long-distance electrical signal, representing a change in the activity of a complex of molecular-physiological processes, includes a nonspecific component and a stimulus-specific component. This review discusses possible mechanisms for transmitting information about the nature of the stimulus and the formation of a specific systemic response with the participation of electrical signals induced by various abiotic factors.
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Recent Progress on Plant-Inspired Soft Robotics with Hydrogel Building Blocks: Fabrication, Actuation and Application. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060608. [PMID: 34074051 PMCID: PMC8225014 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Millions of years’ evolution has imparted life on earth with excellent environment adaptability. Of particular interest to scientists are some plants capable of macroscopically and reversibly altering their morphological and mechanical properties in response to external stimuli from the surrounding environment. These intriguing natural phenomena and underlying actuation mechanisms have provided important design guidance and principles for man-made soft robotic systems. Constructing bio-inspired soft robotic systems with effective actuation requires the efficient supply of mechanical energy generated from external inputs, such as temperature, light, and electricity. By combining bio-inspired designs with stimuli-responsive materials, various intelligent soft robotic systems that demonstrate promising and exciting results have been developed. As one of the building materials for soft robotics, hydrogels are gaining increasing attention owing to their advantageous properties, such as ultra-tunable modulus, high compliance, varying stimuli-responsiveness, good biocompatibility, and high transparency. In this review article, we summarize the recent progress on plant-inspired soft robotics assembled by stimuli-responsive hydrogels with a particular focus on their actuation mechanisms, fabrication, and application. Meanwhile, some critical challenges and problems associated with current hydrogel-based soft robotics are briefly introduced, and possible solutions are proposed. We expect that this review would provide elementary tutorial guidelines to audiences who are interested in the study on nature-inspired soft robotics, especially hydrogel-based intelligent soft robotic systems.
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Chellattoan R, Yudhanto A, Lubineau G. Low-Voltage-Driven Large-Amplitude Soft Actuators Based on Phase Transition. Soft Robot 2020; 7:688-699. [DOI: 10.1089/soro.2019.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ragesh Chellattoan
- COHMAS Laboratory, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arief Yudhanto
- COHMAS Laboratory, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gilles Lubineau
- COHMAS Laboratory, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Wang Y, Li H. Bio-chemo-electro-mechanical modelling of the rapid movement of Mimosa pudica. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 134:107533. [PMID: 32380450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A remarkable feature of Mimosa pudica is its ability to deform in response to certain external stimuli. Here, a two-dimensional transient bio-chemo-electro-mechanical model of the rapid movement of the main pulvinus of Mimosa pudica is developed. Based on the laws of mass and momentum conservation, poroelasticity, and representative volume elements, a novel fluid pressure equation is proposed to characterize the cell elasticity. Experiments were conducted to measure the time and amplitude of the rapid movement. After examinations with the published experiments, it is confirmed that the model can predict well the ionic concentrations, petiole bending angle, and membrane potential. The simulation analysis of the biophysical properties provides insights to biomechanics: the hydrostatic pressure in the lowest extensor decreases from 0.35 to 0.05 MPa at t = 0.00 to 3.00 s; fluid pressure increases from 0.00 to 0.11 MPa at t = 0.00 to 0.14 s; and the peak bending angle increases from 57.0° to 70.9° when the reflection coefficient is assigned as 0.10 to 0.20 in the model. The results highlight the biochemical actuation mechanism of the Mimosa pudica movement, and they confirm the importance of ionic and water transports for causing changes in osmotic and hydrostatic pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hua Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore.
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18
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Hagihara T, Toyota M. Mechanical Signaling in the Sensitive Plant Mimosa pudica L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E587. [PMID: 32375332 PMCID: PMC7284940 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants do not possess the nerves and muscles that facilitate movement in most animals. However, several plant species can move quickly in response to various stimuli (e.g., touch). One such plant species, Mimosa pudica L., possesses the motor organ pulvinus at the junction of the leaflet-rachilla, rachilla-petiole, and petiole-stem, and upon mechanical stimulation, this organ immediately closes the leaflets and moves the petiole. Previous electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that a long-distance and rapid electrical signal propagates through M. pudica in response to mechanical stimulation. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal patterns of the action potential in the pulvinar motor cells were found to be closely correlated with rapid movements. In this review, we summarize findings from past research and discuss the mechanisms underlying long-distance signal transduction in M. pudica. We also propose a model in which the action potential, followed by water flux (i.e., a loss of turgor pressure) in the pulvinar motor cells is a critical step to enable rapid movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Hagihara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan;
| | - Masatsugu Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan;
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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19
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Volana Randriamandimbisoa M, Manitra Nany Razafindralambo NA, Fakra D, Lucia Ravoajanahary D, Claude Gatina J, Jaffrezic-Renault N. Electrical response of plants to environmental stimuli: A short review and perspectives for meteorological applications. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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20
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Le X, Lu W, Zhang J, Chen T. Recent Progress in Biomimetic Anisotropic Hydrogel Actuators. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801584. [PMID: 30886795 PMCID: PMC6402410 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric hydrogel actuators refer to intelligent stimuli-responsive hydrogels that could reversibly deform upon the trigger of various external stimuli. They have thus aroused tremendous attention and shown promising applications in many fields including soft robots, artificial muscles, valves, and so on. After a brief introduction of the driving forces that contribute to the movement of living creatures, an overview of the design principles and development history of hydrogel actuators is provided, then the diverse anisotropic structures of hydrogel actuators are summarized, presenting the promising applications of hydrogel actuators, and highlighting the development of multifunctional hydrogel actuators. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives of this exciting field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Le
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
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21
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Abstract
Despite considerable research on the responses of plants to stimuli and a recent surge of interest in "plant intelligence," few studies have been conducted on classical or respondent conditioning in plants. Studies of respondent conditioning in plants were reviewed, the majority of which used the sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) as the subjects with seismonastic responses (leaflet-folding and leaf-drooping) as the unconditioned responses, and all of which used group designs. The reported results are mixed, with no replications of positive results. Issues have been noted with the methodology of these studies, including the lack of within-subject demonstrations, choice of putative conditioned stimuli, and potential unplanned interactions between subjects across experimental groups. Recommendations are made for addressing these issues in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry E. Adelman
- The Arc of Indian River County, 1375 16th Avenue, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA
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22
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Volkov AG, Xu KG, Kolobov VI. Cold plasma interactions with plants: Morphing and movements of Venus flytrap and Mimosa pudica induced by argon plasma jet. Bioelectrochemistry 2017; 118:100-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Evans MJ, Morris RJ. Chemical agents transported by xylem mass flow propagate variation potentials. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:1029-1037. [PMID: 28656705 PMCID: PMC5601289 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance signalling is important for coordinating plant responses to the environment. Variation potentials (VPs) are a type of long-distance electrical signal that are generated in plants in response to wounding or flaming. Unlike self-propagating action potentials, VPs can be measured beyond regions of dead or chemically treated tissue that block signal generation, suggesting a different mode of propagation. Two alternative propagation mechanisms have been proposed: movement of a chemical agent and a pressure wave through the vasculature. Variants of these two signalling mechanisms have been suggested. Here, we use simple models of the underlying physical processes to evaluate and compare these predictions against independent data. Our models suggest that chemical diffusion and pressure waves are unlikely to capture existing data with parameters that are known from other sources. The previously discarded hypothesis of mass flow in the xylem transporting a chemical agent, however, is able to reproduce experimental propagation speeds for VPs. We therefore suggest that chemical agents transported by mass flow within the xylem are more likely than a pressure wave or chemical diffusion as a VP propagation mechanism. Understanding this mode of long-distance signalling within plants is important for unravelling how plants coordinate physiological responses via cell-to-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Evans
- Computational and Systems BiologyCrop GeneticsJohn Innes CentreColney LaneNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Richard J. Morris
- Computational and Systems BiologyCrop GeneticsJohn Innes CentreColney LaneNorwichNR4 7UHUK
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24
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Gao J, Yang S, Cheng W, Fu Y, Leng J, Yuan X, Jiang N, Ma J, Feng X. GmILPA1, Encoding an APC8-like Protein, Controls Leaf Petiole Angle in Soybean. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:1167-1176. [PMID: 28336772 PMCID: PMC5462013 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Leaf petiole angle (LPA) is an important plant architectural trait that affects canopy coverage, photosynthetic efficiency, and ultimately productivity in many legume crops. However, the genetic basis underlying this trait remains unclear. Here, we report the identification, isolation, and functional characterization of Glycine max Increased Leaf Petiole Angle1 (GmILPA1), a gene encoding an APC8-like protein, which is a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome in soybean (Glycine max). A gamma ray-induced deletion of a fragment involving the fourth exon of GmILPA1 and its flanking sequences led to extension of the third exon and formation of, to our knowledge, a novel 3'UTR from intronic and intergenic sequences. Such changes are responsible for enlarged LPAs that are associated with reduced motor cell proliferation in the Gmilpa1 mutant. GmILPA1 is mainly expressed in the basal cells of leaf primordia and appears to function by promoting cell growth and division of the pulvinus that is critical for its establishment. GmILPA1 directly interacts with GmAPC13a as part of the putative anaphase-promoting complex. GmILPA1 exhibits variable expression levels among varieties with different degrees of LPAs, and expression levels are correlated with the degrees of the LPAs. Together, these observations revealed a genetic mechanism modulating the plant petiole angle that could pave the way for modifying soybean plant architecture with optimized petiole angles for enhanced yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.)
| | - Suxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.)
| | - Wen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.)
| | - Yongfu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.)
| | - Jiantian Leng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.)
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.)
| | - Ning Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.)
| | - Jianxin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.)
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China (J.G., S.Y., J.L., X.Y., X.F.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.G.); Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (W.C.); Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China (Y.F.); Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (N.J.); and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (J.M.)
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25
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Heinrich B. A Note on Iris Flower Anthesis: Mechanism and Meaning of Sudden Flower Opening. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2016. [DOI: 10.1656/045.023.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Musah RA, Lesiak AD, Maron MJ, Cody RB, Edwards D, Fowble KL, Dane AJ, Long MC. Mechanosensitivity below Ground: Touch-Sensitive Smell-Producing Roots in the Shy Plant Mimosa pudica. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1075-89. [PMID: 26661932 PMCID: PMC4734582 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The roots of the shy plant Mimosa pudica emit a cocktail of small organic and inorganic sulfur compounds and reactive intermediates into the environment, including SO2, methanesulfinic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, ethanesulfinic acid, propanesulfenic acid, 2-aminothiophenol, S-propyl propane 1-thiosulfinate, phenothiazine, and thioformaldehyde, an elusive and highly unstable compound that, to our knowledge, has never before been reported to be emitted by a plant. When soil around the roots is dislodged or when seedling roots are touched, an odor is detected. The perceived odor corresponds to the emission of higher amounts of propanesulfenic acid, 2-aminothiophenol, S-propyl propane 1-thiosulfinate, and phenothiazine. The mechanosensitivity response is selective. Whereas touching the roots with soil or human skin resulted in odor detection, agitating the roots with other materials such as glass did not induce a similar response. Light and electron microscopy studies of the roots revealed the presence of microscopic sac-like root protuberances. Elemental analysis of these projections by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed them to contain higher levels of K(+) and Cl(-) compared with the surrounding tissue. Exposing the protuberances to stimuli that caused odor emission resulted in reductions in the levels of K(+) and Cl(-) in the touched area. The mechanistic implications of the variety of sulfur compounds observed vis-à-vis the pathways for their formation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabi A Musah
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222 (R.A.M., A.D.L., M.J.M., K.L.F., M.C.L.); andJEOL USA, Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts 01960 (R.B.C., D.E., A.J.D.)
| | - Ashton D Lesiak
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222 (R.A.M., A.D.L., M.J.M., K.L.F., M.C.L.); andJEOL USA, Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts 01960 (R.B.C., D.E., A.J.D.)
| | - Max J Maron
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222 (R.A.M., A.D.L., M.J.M., K.L.F., M.C.L.); andJEOL USA, Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts 01960 (R.B.C., D.E., A.J.D.)
| | - Robert B Cody
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222 (R.A.M., A.D.L., M.J.M., K.L.F., M.C.L.); andJEOL USA, Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts 01960 (R.B.C., D.E., A.J.D.)
| | - David Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222 (R.A.M., A.D.L., M.J.M., K.L.F., M.C.L.); andJEOL USA, Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts 01960 (R.B.C., D.E., A.J.D.)
| | - Kristen L Fowble
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222 (R.A.M., A.D.L., M.J.M., K.L.F., M.C.L.); andJEOL USA, Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts 01960 (R.B.C., D.E., A.J.D.)
| | - A John Dane
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222 (R.A.M., A.D.L., M.J.M., K.L.F., M.C.L.); andJEOL USA, Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts 01960 (R.B.C., D.E., A.J.D.)
| | - Michael C Long
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222 (R.A.M., A.D.L., M.J.M., K.L.F., M.C.L.); andJEOL USA, Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts 01960 (R.B.C., D.E., A.J.D.)
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Muhammad G, Hussain MA, Jantan I, Bukhari SNA. Mimosa pudica L., a High-Value Medicinal Plant as a Source of Bioactives for Pharmaceuticals. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 15:303-315. [PMID: 33371596 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mimosa pudica Linn. (Family: Mimosaceae) is used as an ornamental plant due to its thigmonastic and nyctinastic movements. M. pudica is also used to avoid or cure several disorders like cancer, diabetes, hepatitis, obesity, and urinary infections. M. pudica is famous for its anticancer alkaloid, mimosine, along with several valuable secondary metabolites like tannins, steroids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and glycosylflavones. A wide array of pharmacological properties like antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antidiarrheal, hypolipidemic activities, diuretic, antiparasitic, antimalarial, and hypoglycemic have been attributed to different parts of M. pudica. Glucuronoxylan polysaccharide extruded from seeds of M. pudica is used for drug release formulations due to its high swelling index. This review covers a thorough examination of functional bioactives as well as pharmacological and phytomedicinal attributes of the plant with the purpose of exploring its pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar Muhammad
- Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kwan KW, Ye ZW, Chye ML, Ngan AHW. A mathematical model on water redistribution mechanism of the seismonastic movement of Mimosa pudica. Biophys J 2014; 105:266-75. [PMID: 23823246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A theoretical model based on the water redistribution mechanism is proposed to predict the volumetric strain of motor cells in Mimosa pudica during the seismonastic movement. The model describes the water and ion movements following the opening of ion channels triggered by stimulation. The cellular strain is related to the angular velocity of the plant movement, and both their predictions are in good agreement with experimental data, thus validating the water redistribution mechanism. The results reveal that an increase in ion diffusivity across the cell membrane of <15-fold is sufficient to produce the observed seismonastic movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Kwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
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Volkov AG, Reedus J, Mitchell CM, Tuckett C, Volkova MI, Markin VS, Chua L. Memory elements in the electrical network of Mimosa pudica L. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e982029. [PMID: 25482796 PMCID: PMC4623388 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.982029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The fourth basic circuit element, a memristor, is a resistor with memory that was postulated by Chua in 1971. Here we found that memristors exist in vivo. The electrostimulation of the Mimosa pudica by bipolar sinusoidal or triangle periodic waves induce electrical responses with fingerprints of memristors. Uncouplers carbonylcyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone and carbonylcyanide-4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl hydrazone decrease the amplitude of electrical responses at low and high frequencies of bipolar sinusoidal or triangle periodic electrostimulating waves. Memristive behavior of an electrical network in the Mimosa pudica is linked to the properties of voltage gated ion channels: the channel blocker TEACl reduces the electric response to a conventional resistor. Our results demonstrate that a voltage gated K(+) channel in the excitable tissue of plants has properties of a memristor. The discovery of memristors in plants creates a new direction in the modeling and understanding of electrical phenomena in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Volkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Oakwood University; Huntsville, AL USA
- Correspondence to: Alexander G Volkov;
| | - Jada Reedus
- Department of Neurology; University of Texas; Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Colee M Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Oakwood University; Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Clayton Tuckett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Oakwood University; Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Maya I Volkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Oakwood University; Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Vladislav S Markin
- Department of Neurology; University of Texas; Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Leon Chua
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA USA
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Volkov AG, O'Neal L, Volkova MI, Markin VS. Morphing structures and signal transduction in Mimosa pudica L. induced by localized thermal stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:1317-27. [PMID: 23747058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf movements in Mimosa pudica, are in response to thermal stress, touch, and light or darkness, appear to be regulated by electrical, hydrodynamical, and chemical signal transduction. The pulvinus of the M. pudica shows elastic properties. We have found that the movements of the petiole, or pinnules, are accompanied by a change of the pulvinus morphing structures. After brief flaming of a pinna, the volume of the lower part of the pulvinus decreases and the volume of the upper part increases due to the redistribution of electrolytes between these parts of the pulvinus; as a result of these changes the petiole falls. During the relaxation of the petiole, the process goes in the opposite direction. Ion and water channel blockers, uncouplers as well as anesthetic agents diethyl ether or chloroform decrease the speed of alert wave propagation along the plant. Brief flaming of a pinna induces bidirectional propagation of electrical signal in pulvini. Transduction of electrical signals along a pulvinus induces generation of an action potential in perpendicular direction between extensor and flexor sides of a pulvinus. Inhibition of signal transduction and mechanical responses in M. pudica by volatile anesthetic agents chloroform or by blockers of voltage gated ion channels shows that the generation and propagation of electrical signals is a primary effect responsible for turgor change and propagation of an excitation. There is an electrical coupling in a pulvinus similar to the electrical synapse in the animal nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Volkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oakwood University, Huntsville, AL 35896, USA.
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Volkov AG, Baker K, Foster JC, Clemmons J, Jovanov E, Markin VS. Circadian variations in biologically closed electrochemical circuits in Aloe vera and Mimosa pudica. Bioelectrochemistry 2011; 81:39-45. [PMID: 21334987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates a wide range of electrophysiological and developmental processes in plants. This paper presents, for the first time, the direct influence of a circadian clock on biologically closed electrochemical circuits in vivo. Here we show circadian variation of the plant responses to electrical stimulation. The biologically closed electrochemical circuits in the leaves of Aloe vera and Mimosa pudica, which regulate their physiology, were analyzed using the charge stimulation method. The electrostimulation was provided with different timing and different voltages. Resistance between Ag/AgCl electrodes in the leaf of Aloe vera was higher during the day than at night. Discharge of the capacitor in Aloe vera at night was faster than during the day. Discharge of the capacitor in a pulvinus of Mimosa pudica was faster during the day. The biologically closed electrical circuits with voltage gated ion channels in Mimosa pudica are also activated the next day, even in the darkness. These results show that the circadian clock can be maintained endogenously and has electrochemical oscillators, which can activate ion channels in biologically closed electrochemical circuits. We present the equivalent electrical circuits in both plants and their circadian variation to explain the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Volkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oakwood University, 7000 Adventist Blvd., Huntsville, AL 35896, USA.
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