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Hamid R, Jacob F, Marashi H, Rathod V, Tomar RS. Uncloaking lncRNA-meditated gene expression as a potential regulator of CMS in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Genomics 2020; 112:3354-3364. [PMID: 32574832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility is a well-proven mechanism for cotton hybrid production. Long non-coding RNAs belong to a class of transcriptional regulators that function in multiple biological processes. The cDNA libraries from the flower buds of the cotton CGMS, it's restorer (Rf) and maintainer lines were sequenced using high throughput NGS technique. A total of 1531 lncRNAs showed significant differential expression patterns between these three lines. Functional analysis of the co-expression network of lncRNA-mRNA using gene ontology vouchsafes that, lncRNAs play a crucial role in cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration through pollen development, INO80 complex, development of anther wall tapetum, chromatin remodeling, and histone modification. Additionally, 94 lncRNAs were identified as putative precursors of 49 miRNAs. qRT-PCR affirms the concordance of expression pattern to RNA-seq data. These findings divulge the lncRNA driven miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression profiling superintended for a better understanding of the CMS mechanisms of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmieh Hamid
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Feba Jacob
- Centre for plant biotechnology and molecular biology, Kerala agricultural university, Thrissur, India
| | - Hassan Marashi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | - Visha Rathod
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rukam S Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
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2
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Walbot V, Egger RL. Pre-Meiotic Anther Development: Cell Fate Specification and Differentiation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:365-95. [PMID: 26735065 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Research into anther ontogeny has been an active and developing field, transitioning from a strictly lineage-based view of cellular differentiation events to a more complex understanding of cell fate specification. Here we describe the modern interpretation of pre-meiotic anther development, from the earliest cell specifications within the anther lobes through SPL/NZZ-, MSP1-, and MEL1-dependent pathways as well as the initial setup of the abaxial and adaxial axes and outgrowth of the anther lobes. We then continue with a look at the known information regarding further differentiation of the somatic layers of the anther (the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum), with an emphasis on male-sterile mutants identified as defective in somatic cell specification. We also describe the differences in developmental stages among species and use this information to discuss molecular studies that have analyzed transcriptome, proteome, and small-RNA information in the anther.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Walbot
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020; ,
| | - Rachel L Egger
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020; ,
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3
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Vining KJ, Romanel E, Jones RC, Klocko A, Alves-Ferreira M, Hefer CA, Amarasinghe V, Dharmawardhana P, Naithani S, Ranik M, Wesley-Smith J, Solomon L, Jaiswal P, Myburg AA, Strauss SH. The floral transcriptome of Eucalyptus grandis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:1406-22. [PMID: 25353719 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As a step toward functional annotation of genes required for floral initiation and development within the Eucalyptus genome, we used short read sequencing to analyze transcriptomes of floral buds from early and late developmental stages, and compared these with transcriptomes of diverse vegetative tissues, including leaves, roots, and stems. A subset of 4807 genes (13% of protein-coding genes) were differentially expressed between floral buds of either stage and vegetative tissues. A similar proportion of genes were differentially expressed among all tissues. A total of 479 genes were differentially expressed between early and late stages of floral development. Gene function enrichment identified 158 gene ontology classes that were overrepresented in floral tissues, including 'pollen development' and 'aromatic compound biosynthetic process'. At least 40 floral-dominant genes lacked functional annotations and thus may be novel floral transcripts. We analyzed several genes and gene families in depth, including 49 putative biomarkers of floral development, the MADS-box transcription factors, 'S-domain'-receptor-like kinases, and selected gene family members with phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein domains. Expanded MADS-box gene subfamilies in Eucalyptus grandis included SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1), SEPALLATA (SEP) and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) Arabidopsis thaliana homologs. These data provide a rich resource for functional and evolutionary analysis of genes controlling eucalypt floral development, and new tools for breeding and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Vining
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Elisson Romanel
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo (EEL-USP), CP 116, 12602-810, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rebecca C Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, 7001, TAS, Australia
| | - Amy Klocko
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Marcio Alves-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Vegetal (LGMV), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, CCS 21949900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Charles A Hefer
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Vindhya Amarasinghe
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Palitha Dharmawardhana
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Sushma Naithani
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Martin Ranik
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - James Wesley-Smith
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 1 Meiring Naude Rd, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Luke Solomon
- Seed Technology Programme, Sappi Forests Shaw Research Center, Howick, 3290, South Africa
| | - Pankaj Jaiswal
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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4
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Liu M, Xu R, Merrill C, Hong L, Von Lanken C, Hunt AG, Li QQ. Integration of developmental and environmental signals via a polyadenylation factor in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115779. [PMID: 25546057 PMCID: PMC4278772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to integrate environmental and developmental signals with physiological responses is critical for plant survival. How this integration is done, particularly through posttranscriptional control of gene expression, is poorly understood. Previously, it was found that the 30 kD subunit of Arabidopsis cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (AtCPSF30) is a calmodulin-regulated RNA-binding protein. Here we demonstrated that mutant plants (oxt6) deficient in AtCPSF30 possess a novel range of phenotypes--reduced fertility, reduced lateral root formation, and altered sensitivities to oxidative stress and a number of plant hormones (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acid, and ACC). While the wild-type AtCPSF30 (C30G) was able to restore normal growth and responses, a mutant AtCPSF30 protein incapable of interacting with calmodulin (C30GM) could only restore wild-type fertility and responses to oxidative stress and ACC. Thus, the interaction with calmodulin is important for part of AtCPSF30 functions in the plant. Global poly(A) site analysis showed that the C30G and C30GM proteins can restore wild-type poly(A) site choice to the oxt6 mutant. Genes associated with hormone metabolism and auxin responses are also affected by the oxt6 mutation. Moreover, 19 genes that are linked with calmodulin-dependent CPSF30 functions, were identified through genome-wide expression analysis. These data, in conjunction with previous results from the analysis of the oxt6 mutant, indicate that the polyadenylation factor AtCPSF30 is a regulatory hub where different signaling cues are transduced, presumably via differential mRNA 3' end formation or alternative polyadenylation, into specified phenotypic outcomes. Our results suggest a novel function of a polyadenylation factor in environmental and developmental signal integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45045, United States of America
| | - Ruqiang Xu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45045, United States of America
| | - Carrie Merrill
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States of America
| | - Liwei Hong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education on Costal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Carol Von Lanken
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States of America
| | - Arthur G. Hunt
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States of America
| | - Qingshun Q. Li
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45045, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education on Costal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350003, China
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Huang JZ, E ZG, Zhang HL, Shu QY. Workable male sterility systems for hybrid rice: Genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, and utilization. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 7:13. [PMID: 26055995 PMCID: PMC4883997 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-014-0013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of male sterility systems has enabled the commercialization of heterosis in rice, with greatly increased yield and total production of this major staple food crop. Hybrid rice, which was adopted in the 1970s, now covers nearly 13.6 million hectares each year in China alone. Various types of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and environment-conditioned genic male sterility (EGMS) systems have been applied in hybrid rice production. In this paper, recent advances in genetics, biochemistry, and molecular biology are reviewed with an emphasis on major male sterility systems in rice: five CMS systems, i.e., BT-, HL-, WA-, LD- and CW- CMS, and two EGMS systems, i.e., photoperiod- and temperature-sensitive genic male sterility (P/TGMS). The interaction of chimeric mitochondrial genes with nuclear genes causes CMS, which may be restored by restorer of fertility (Rf) genes. The PGMS, on the other hand, is conditioned by a non-coding RNA gene. A survey of the various CMS and EGMS lines used in hybrid rice production over the past three decades shows that the two-line system utilizing EGMS lines is playing a steadily larger role and TGMS lines predominate the current two-line system for hybrid rice production. The findings and experience gained during development and application of, and research on male sterility in rice not only advanced our understanding but also shed light on applications to other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Huang
- />State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 China
| | - Zhi-Guo E
- />China National Rice Research Institute, 28 Shuidaosuo Road, Fuyang, 311401 Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua-Li Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 China
| | - Qing-Yao Shu
- />State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 China
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Qu G, Quan S, Mondol P, Xu J, Zhang D, Shi J. Comparative metabolomic analysis of wild type and mads3 mutant rice anthers. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:849-63. [PMID: 25073727 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) MADS3 transcription factor regulates the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during late anther development, and one MADS3 mutant, mads3-4, has defective anther walls, aborted microspores and complete male sterility. Here, we report the untargeted metabolomic analysis of both wild type and mads3-4 mature anthers. Mutation of MADS3 led to an unbalanced redox status and caused oxidative stress that damages lipid, protein, and DNA. To cope with oxidative stress in mads3-4 anthers, soluble sugars were mobilized and carbohydrate metabolism was shifted to amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism to provide substrates for the biosynthesis of antioxidant proteins and the repair of DNA. Mutation of MADS3 also affected other aspects of rice anther development such as secondary metabolites associated with cuticle, cell wall, and auxin metabolism. Many of the discovered metabolic changes in mads3-4 anthers were corroborated with changes of expression levels of corresponding metabolic pathway genes. Altogether, this comparative metabolomic analysis indicated that MADS3 gene affects rice anther development far beyond the ROS homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorun Qu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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7
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Zhang D, Yang L. Specification of tapetum and microsporocyte cells within the anther. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 17:49-55. [PMID: 24507494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants form male reproductive cells (microsporocytes) during sporophytic generation, which subsequently differentiate into multicellular male gametes in the gametophytic generation. The tapetum is a somatic helper tissue neighboring microsporocytes and supporting gametogenesis. The mechanism controlling the specification of the tapetum and microsporocyte cell fate within the anther has long been a mystery in biology. Recent investigations have revealed molecular switches and signaling pathways underlying the establishment of somatic and reproductive cells in plants. In this review we discuss common and diversified signaling molecules and regulatory pathways including receptor-like protein kinases, redox status, glycoprotein, transcription factors, hormones and microRNA implicated in the specification of tapetum and microsporocytes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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8
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Collado-Romero M, Alós E, Prieto P. Unravelling the proteomic profile of rice meiocytes during early meiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:356. [PMID: 25104955 PMCID: PMC4109522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Transfer of genetic traits from wild or related species into cultivated rice is nowadays an important aim in rice breeding. Breeders use genetic crosses to introduce desirable genes from exotic germplasms into cultivated rice varieties. However, in many hybrids there is only a low level of pairing (if existing) and recombination at early meiosis between cultivated rice and wild relative chromosomes. With the objective of getting deeper into the knowledge of the proteins involved in early meiosis, when chromosomes associate correctly in pairs and recombine, the proteome of isolated rice meiocytes has been characterized by nLC-MS/MS at every stage of early meiosis (prophase I). Up to 1316 different proteins have been identified in rice isolated meiocytes in early meiosis, being 422 exclusively identified in early prophase I (leptotene, zygotene, or pachytene). The classification of proteins in functional groups showed that 167 were related to chromatin structure and remodeling, nucleic acid binding, cell-cycle regulation, and cytoskeleton. Moreover, the putative roles of 16 proteins which have not been previously associated to meiosis or were not identified in rice before, are also discussed namely: seven proteins involved in chromosome structure and remodeling, five regulatory proteins [such as SKP1 (OSK), a putative CDK2 like effector], a protein with RNA recognition motifs, a neddylation-related protein, and two microtubule-related proteins. Revealing the proteins involved in early meiotic processes could provide a valuable tool kit to manipulate chromosome associations during meiosis in rice breeding programs. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with the PXD001058 identifier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pilar Prieto
- *Correspondence: Pilar Prieto, Plant Breeding Department, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus Alameda del Obispo, Apartado 4084, Córdoba 14080, Spain e-mail:
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SPL8 Acts Together with the Brassinosteroid-Signaling Component BIM1 in Controlling Arabidopsis thaliana Male Fertility. PLANTS 2013; 2:416-28. [PMID: 27137384 PMCID: PMC4844382 DOI: 10.3390/plants2030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The non-miR156 targeted SBP-box gene SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 8 (SPL8), plays an important role in Arabidopsis anther development, where its loss-of-function results in a semi-sterile phenotype. Fully male-sterile plants are obtained when a spl8 loss-of-function mutation is introduced into a 35S:MIR156 genetic background, thereby revealing functional redundancy between SPL8 and miR156-targeted SBP-box genes. Here, we show that BIM1, a gene encoding a bHLH protein involved in brassinosteroid signaling and embryonic patterning, functions redundantly with SPL8 in its requirement for male fertility. Although bim1 single mutants displayed a mild fertility problem due to shortened filaments in some flowers, mutation of BIM1 significantly enhanced the semi-sterile phenotype of the spl8 mutant. Expression of both SPL8 and BIM1 was detected in overlapping expression domains during early anther developmental stages. Our data suggest that in regulating anther development, SPL8 and BIM1 function cooperatively in a common complex or in synergistic pathways. Phylogenetic analysis supports the idea of an evolutionary conserved function for both genes in angiosperm anther development.
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10
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Yi R, Zhu Z, Hu J, Qian Q, Dai J, Ding Y. Identification and expression analysis of microRNAs at the grain filling stage in rice(Oryza sativa L.)via deep sequencing. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57863. [PMID: 23469249 PMCID: PMC3585941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play crucial roles in the regulation of plant development. In this study, high-throughput RNA-sequencing technology was used to identify novel miRNAs, and to reveal miRNAs expression patterns at different developmental stages during rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain filling. A total of 434 known miRNAs (380, 402, 390 and 392 at 5, 7, 12 and 17 days after fertilization, respectively.) were obtained from rice grain. The expression profiles of these identified miRNAs were analyzed and the results showed that 161 known miRNAs were differentially expressed during grain development, a high proportion of which were up-regulated from 5 to 7 days after fertilization. In addition, sixty novel miRNAs were identified, and five of these were further validated experimentally. Additional analysis showed that the predicted targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs may participate in signal transduction, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, the response to stimuli and epigenetic regulation. In this study, differences were revealed in the composition and expression profiles of miRNAs among individual developmental stages during the rice grain filling process, and miRNA editing events were also observed, analyzed and validated during this process. The results provide novel insight into the dynamic profiles of miRNAs in developing rice grain and contribute to the understanding of the regulatory roles of miRNAs in grain filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jincheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Cytological characterization and allelism testing of anther developmental mutants identified in a screen of maize male sterile lines. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2013; 3:231-49. [PMID: 23390600 PMCID: PMC3564984 DOI: 10.1534/g3.112.004465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Proper regulation of anther differentiation is crucial for producing functional pollen, and defects in or absence of any anther cell type result in male sterility. To deepen understanding of processes required to establish premeiotic cell fate and differentiation of somatic support cell layers a cytological screen of maize male-sterile mutants has been conducted which yielded 42 new mutants including 22 mutants with premeiotic cytological defects (increasing this class fivefold), 7 mutants with postmeiotic defects, and 13 mutants with irregular meiosis. Allelism tests with known and new mutants confirmed new alleles of four premeiotic developmental mutants, including two novel alleles of msca1 and single new alleles of ms32, ms8, and ocl4, and two alleles of the postmeiotic ms45. An allelic pair of newly described mutants was found. Premeiotic mutants are now classified into four categories: anther identity defects, abnormal anther structure, locular wall defects and premature degradation of cell layers, and/or microsporocyte collapse. The range of mutant phenotypic classes is discussed in comparison with developmental genetic investigation of anther development in rice and Arabidopsis to highlight similarities and differences between grasses and eudicots and within the grasses.
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12
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Traverso JA, Pulido A, Rodríguez-García MI, Alché JD. Thiol-based redox regulation in sexual plant reproduction: new insights and perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:465. [PMID: 24294217 PMCID: PMC3827552 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The success of sexual reproduction in plants involves (i) the proper formation of the plant gametophytes (pollen and embryo sac) containing the gametes, (ii) the accomplishment of specific interactions between pollen grains and the stigma, which subsequently lead to (iii) the fusion of the gametes and eventually to (iv) the seed setting. Owing to the lack of mobility, plants have developed specific regulatory mechanisms to control all developmental events underlying the sexual plant reproduction according to environmental challenges. Over the last decade, redox regulation and signaling have come into sight as crucial mechanisms able to manage critical stages during sexual plant reproduction. This regulation involves a complex redox network which includes reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), glutathione and other classic buffer molecules or antioxidant proteins, and some thiol/disulphide-containing proteins belonging to the thioredoxin superfamily, like glutaredoxins (GRXs) or thioredoxins (TRXs). These proteins participate as critical elements not only in the switch between the mitotic to the meiotic cycle but also at further developmental stages of microsporogenesis. They are also implicated in the regulation of pollen rejection as the result of self-incompatibility. In addition, they display precise space-temporal patterns of expression and are present in specific localizations like the stigmatic papillae or the mature pollen, although their functions and subcellular localizations are not clear yet. In this review we summarize insights and perspectives about the presence of thiol/disulphide-containing proteins in plant reproduction, taking into account the general context of the cell redox network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Traverso
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Amada Pulido
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de GranadaGranada, Spain
| | | | - Juan D. Alché
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan D. Alché, Plant Reproductive Biology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain e-mail:
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13
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Allen EMG, Mieyal JJ. Protein-thiol oxidation and cell death: regulatory role of glutaredoxins. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1748-63. [PMID: 22530666 PMCID: PMC3474186 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Glutaredoxin (Grx) is the primary enzyme responsible for catalysis of deglutathionylation of protein-mixed disulfides with glutathione (GSH) (protein-SSG). This reversible post-translational modification alters the activity and function of many proteins important in regulation of critical cellular processes. Aberrant regulation of protein glutathionylation/deglutathionylation reactions due to changes in Grx activity can disrupt both apoptotic and survival signaling pathways. RECENT ADVANCES Grx is known to regulate the activity of many proteins through reversible glutathionylation, such as Ras, Fas, ASK1, NFκB, and procaspase-3, all of which play important roles in control of apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species and/or reactive nitrogen species mediate oxidative modifications of critical Cys residues on these apoptotic mediators, facilitating protein-SSG formation and thereby altering protein function and apoptotic signaling. CRITICAL ISSUES Much of what is known about the regulation of apoptotic mediators by Grx and reversible glutathionylation has been gleaned from in vitro studies of discrete apoptotic pathways. To relate these results to events in vivo it is important to examine changes in protein-SSG status in situ under natural cellular conditions, maintaining relevant GSH:GSSG ratios and using appropriate inducers of apoptosis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Apoptosis is a highly complex, tightly regulated process involving many different checks and balances. The influence of Grx activity on the interconnectivity among these various pathways remains unknown. Knowledge of the effects of Grx is essential for developing novel therapeutic approaches for treating diseases involving dysregulated apoptosis, such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases, where alterations in redox homeostasis are hallmarks for pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M G Allen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4965, USA
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