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Xu Q, Wang P, Huangleng J, Su H, Chen P, Chen X, Zhao H, Kang Z, Tang J, Jiang G, Li Z, Zou S, Dong K, Huang Y, Li N. Co-occurrence of chromophytic phytoplankton and the Vibrio community during Phaeocystis globosa blooms in the Beibu Gulf. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150303. [PMID: 34537702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating research evidence has revealed that harmful algal blooms (HABs) can substantially affect the community structures of phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in marine ecosystems. However, little is known about their species-specific interactions between phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria during the HABs period and about their interaction shifts in response to blooms. From this perspective, we investigated the co-occurrence of chromophytic phytoplankton and Vibrio during Phaeocystis globosa blooms in the Beibu Gulf. The results showed that Vibrio communities were distinct during the blooms, and P. globosa blooms resulted in a decline in phytoplankton alpha diversity, revealing that the blooms could affect their community compositions. The regression lines between the Shannon indices and Bray-Curtis distances of phytoplankton and Vibrio showed positive correlations with each other (p < 0.001), suggesting that they may have intrageneric symbiotic interactions overall. In addition, network analysis further demonstrated that relationships between phytoplankton and Vibrio were dominated by positive correlations, and more interaction modules were observed during the blooms, revealing that the blooms intensified synergistic association and mutual symbiotic interactions between them. Environmental factors (SiO32-, NH4+, NO3- and TN,) and P. globosa density more deeply affected network interactions between phytoplankton and Vibrio during the periods of P. globosa blooms than those before the blooms and after the blooms. This study provided new insight to elucidate community structure and interaction relationships between phytoplankton and Vibrio in response to P. globosa blooms and their ecological effects in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangsheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 36 Baochubei Road, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 26 New Century Avenue, Beihai, 536000, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Huangleng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqi Su
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Panyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Kang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, 12 Binhai Avenue, Qinzhou 535011, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gonglingxia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoting Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Zou
- Department of biological sciences, Kyonggi University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, South Korea
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of biological sciences, Kyonggi University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, South Korea
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Kuhlisch C, Althammer J, Sazhin AF, Jakobsen HH, Nejstgaard JC, Pohnert G. Metabolomics-derived marker metabolites to characterize Phaeocystis pouchetii physiology in natural plankton communities. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20444. [PMID: 33235278 PMCID: PMC7686483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phaeocystis pouchetii (Hariot) Lagerheim, 1893 regularly dominates phytoplankton blooms in higher latitudes spanning from the English Channel to the Arctic. Through zooplankton grazing and microbial activity, it is considered to be a key resource for the entire marine food web, but the actual relevance of biomass transfer to higher trophic levels is still under discussion. Cell physiology and algal nutritional state are suggested to be major factors controlling the observed variability in zooplankton grazing. However, no data have so far yielded insights into the metabolic state of Phaeocystis populations that would allow testing this hypothesis. Therefore, endometabolic markers of different growth phases were determined in laboratory batch cultures using comparative metabolomics and quantified in different phytoplankton blooms in the field. Metabolites, produced during exponential, early and late stationary growth of P. pouchetii, were profiled using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Then, metabolites were characterized that correlate with the growth phases using multivariate statistical analysis. Free amino acids characterized the exponential growth, whereas the early stationary phase was correlated with sugar alcohols, mono- and disaccharides. In the late stationary phase, free fatty acids, sterols and terpenes increased. These marker metabolites were then traced in Phaeocystis blooms during a cruise in the Barents Sea and North Norwegian fjords. About 50 endometabolites of P. pouchetii were detected in natural phytoplankton communities. Mannitol, scyllo-inositol, 24-methylcholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol, and several free fatty acids were characteristic for Phaeocystis-dominated blooms but showed variability between them. Distinct metabolic profiles were detected in the nutrient-depleted community in the inner Porsangerfjord (< 0.5 µM NO3-, < 0.1 µM PO 4 3- ), with high relative amounts of free mono- and disaccharides indicative for a limited culture. This study thereby shows how the variable physiology of phytoplankton can alter the metabolic landscape of entire plankton communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Kuhlisch
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Julia Althammer
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.,JenaBios GmbH, Löbstedter Straße 80, 07749, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey F Sazhin
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovsky Prospect 36, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hans H Jakobsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens C Nejstgaard
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Dep. 3, Alte Fischerhütte 2, 16775, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Chi S, Wang G, Liu T, Wang X, Liu C, Jin Y, Yin H, Xu X, Yu J. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Mannitol-metabolism-associated Genes in Saccharina japonica. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 18:415-429. [PMID: 33248278 PMCID: PMC8242268 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a carbon-storage compound and osmoprotectant in brown algae, mannitol is synthesized and then accumulated at high levels in Saccharina japonica (Sja); however, the underlying control mechanisms have not been studied. Our analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data from Sja shows that mannitol metabolism is a cyclic pathway composed of four distinct steps. A mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (M1PDH2) and two mannitol-1-phosphatases (M1Pase1 and MIPase2) work together or in combination to exhibit full enzymatic properties. Based on comprehensive transcriptomic data from different tissues, generations, and sexes as well as under different stress conditions, coupled with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and proteomic confirmation, we suggest that SjaM1Pase1 plays a major role in mannitol biosynthesis and that the basic mannitol anabolism and the carbohydrate pool dynamics are responsible for carbon storage and anti-stress mechanism. Our proteomic data indicate that mannitol metabolism remains constant during diurnal cycle in Sja. In addition, we discover that mannitol-metabolism-associated (MMA) genes show differential expression between the multicellular filamentous (gametophyte) and large parenchymal thallus (sporophyte) generations and respond differentially to environmental stresses, such as hyposaline and hyperthermia conditions. Our results indicate that the ecophysiological significance of such differentially expressed genes may be attributable to the evolution of heteromorphic generations (filamentous and thallus) and environmental adaptation of Laminariales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Qingdao Haida BlueTek Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xumin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Cui Liu
- Qingdao Haida BlueTek Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuemei Jin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongxin Yin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jun Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Lobo-da-Cunha A, Amaral-de-Carvalho D, Oliveira E, Alves Â, Costa V, Calado G. Mannitol oxidase and polyol dehydrogenases in the digestive gland of gastropods: Correlations with phylogeny and diet. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29529078 PMCID: PMC5846779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannitol oxidase and polyol dehydrogenases are enzymes that convert polyalcohols into sugars. Mannitol oxidase was previously investigated in terrestrial snails and slugs, being also present in a few aquatic gastropods. However, the overall distribution of this enzyme in the Gastropoda was not known. Polyol dehydrogenases are also poorly studied in gastropods and other mollusks. In this study, polyalcohol oxidase and dehydrogenase activities were assayed in the digestive gland of 26 species of gastropods, representing the clades Patellogastropoda, Neritimorpha, Vetigastropoda, Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia. Marine, freshwater and terrestrial species, including herbivores and carnivores were analyzed. Ultrastructural observations were undertake in species possessing mannitol oxidase, in order to investigate the correlation between this enzyme and the presence of tubular structures known to be associated with it. Mannitol oxidase activity was detected in the digestive gland of herbivores from the clades Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia, but not in any carnivores or in herbivores from the clades Patellogastropoda, Neritimorpha and Vetigastropoda. In most of the species used in this study, dehydrogenase activities were detected using both D-mannitol and D-sorbitol as substrates. Nevertheless, in some carnivores these activities were not detected with both polyalcohols. Ultrastructural observations revealed tubular structures in digestive gland cells of some species having mannitol oxidase activity, but they were not observed in others. Based on our results, we suggest that mannitol oxidase first occurred in a herbivorous or omnivorous ancestor of Apogastropoda, the clade formed by caenogastropods and heterobranchs, being subsequently lost in those species that shifted towards a carnivorous diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lobo-da-Cunha
- Departamento de Microscopia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Diogo Amaral-de-Carvalho
- Departamento de Microscopia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Oliveira
- Departamento de Microscopia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Alves
- Departamento de Microscopia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Calado
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
- MARE NOVA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
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Tonon T, Li Y, McQueen-Mason S. Mannitol biosynthesis in algae: more widespread and diverse than previously thought. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1573-1579. [PMID: 27883223 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Tonon
- Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Simon McQueen-Mason
- Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Bonin P, Groisillier A, Raimbault A, Guibert A, Boyen C, Tonon T. Molecular and biochemical characterization of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from the model brown alga Ectocarpus sp. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:509-520. [PMID: 26232554 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The sugar alcohol mannitol is important in the food, pharmaceutical, medical and chemical industries. It is one of the most commonly occurring polyols in nature, with the exception of Archaea and animals. It has a range of physiological roles, including as carbon storage, compatible solute, and osmolyte. Mannitol is present in large amounts in brown algae, where its synthesis involved two steps: a mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (M1PDH) catalyzes a reversible reaction between fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and mannitol-1-phosphate (M1P) (EC 1.1.1.17), and a mannitol-1-phosphatase hydrolyzes M1P to mannitol (EC 3.1.3.22). Analysis of the model brown alga Ectocarpus sp. genome provided three candidate genes for M1PDH activities. We report here the sequence analysis of Ectocarpus M1PDHs (EsM1PDHs), and the biochemical characterization of the recombinant catalytic domain of EsM1PDH1 (EsM1PDH1cat). Ectocarpus M1PDHs are representatives of a new type of modular M1PDHs among the polyol-specific long-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (PSLDRs). The N-terminal domain of EsM1PDH1 was not necessary for enzymatic activity. Determination of kinetic parameters indicated that EsM1PDH1cat displayed higher catalytic efficiency for F6P reduction compared to M1P oxidation. Both activities were influenced by NaCl concentration and inhibited by the thioreactive compound pHMB. These observations were completed by measurement of endogenous M1PDH activity and of EsM1PDH gene expression during one diurnal cycle. No significant changes in enzyme activity were monitored between day and night, although transcription of two out of three genes was altered, suggesting different levels of regulation for this key metabolic pathway in brown algal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bonin
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France.
| | - Agnès Groisillier
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France.
| | - Alice Raimbault
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France.
| | - Anaïs Guibert
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France.
| | - Catherine Boyen
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France.
| | - Thierry Tonon
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France.
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Community-Level and Species-Specific Associations between Phytoplankton and Particle-Associated Vibrio Species in Delaware's Inland Bays. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5703-13. [PMID: 26070682 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00580-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio species are an abundant and diverse group of bacteria that form associations with phytoplankton. Correlations between Vibrio and phytoplankton abundance have been noted, suggesting that growth is enhanced during algal blooms or that association with phytoplankton provides a refuge from predation. Here, we investigated relationships between particle-associated Vibrio spp. and phytoplankton in Delaware's inland bays (DIB). The relative abundances of particle-associated Vibrio spp. and algal classes that form blooms in DIB (dinoflagellates, diatoms, and raphidophytes) were determined using quantitative PCR. The results demonstrated a significant correlation between particle-associated Vibrio abundance and phytoplankton, with higher correlations to diatoms and raphidophytes than to dinoflagellates. Species-specific associations were examined during a mixed bloom of Heterosigma akashiwo and Fibrocapsa japonica (Raphidophyceae) and indicated a significant positive correlation for particle-associated Vibrio abundance with H. akashiwo but a negative correlation with F. japonica. Changes in Vibrio assemblages during the bloom were evaluated using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), which revealed significant differences between each size fraction but no significant change in Vibrio assemblages over the course of the bloom. Microzooplankton grazing experiments showed that losses of particle-associated Vibrio spp. may be offset by increased growth in the Vibrio population. Moreover, analysis of Vibrio assemblages by ARISA also indicated an increase in the relative abundance for specific members of the Vibrio community despite higher grazing pressure on the particle-associated population as a whole. The results of this investigation demonstrate links between phytoplankton and Vibrio that may lead to predictions of potential health risks and inform future management practices in this region.
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Shao Z, Zhang P, Li Q, Wang X, Duan D. Characterization of mannitol-2-dehydrogenase in Saccharina japonica: evidence for a new polyol-specific long-chain dehydrogenases/reductase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97935. [PMID: 24830763 PMCID: PMC4022671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannitol plays a crucial role in brown algae, acting as carbon storage, organic osmolytes and antioxidant. Transcriptomic analysis of Saccharina japonica revealed that the relative genes involved in the mannitol cycle are existent. Full-length sequence of mannitol-2-dehydrogenase (M2DH) gene was obtained, with one open reading frame of 2,007 bp which encodes 668 amino acids. Cis-regulatory elements for response to methyl jasmonic acid, light and drought existed in the 5'-upstream region. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SjM2DH has an ancient prokaryotic origin, and is probably acquired by horizontal gene transfer event. Multiple alignment and spatial structure prediction displayed a series of conserved functional residues, motifs and domains, which favored that SjM2DH belongs to the polyol-specific long-chain dehydrogenases/reductase (PSLDR) family. Expressional profiles of SjM2DH in the juvenile sporophytes showed that it was influenced by saline, oxidative and desiccative factors. SjM2DH was over-expressed in Escherichia coli, and the cell-free extracts with recombinant SjM2DH displayed high activity on D-fructose reduction reaction. The analysis on SjM2DH gene structure and biochemical parameters reached a consensus that activity of SjM2DH is NADH-dependent and metal ion-independent. The characterization of SjM2DH showed that M2DH is a new member of PSLDR family and play an important role in mannitol metabolism in S. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanru Shao
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyan Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuying Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuliang Wang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Delin Duan
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Gas-Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) Based Metabolite Profiling Reveals Mannitol as a Major Storage Carbohydrate in the Coccolithophorid Alga Emiliania huxleyi. Metabolites 2013; 3:168-84. [PMID: 24957896 PMCID: PMC3901260 DOI: 10.3390/metabo3010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae are divergent organisms having a wide variety of evolutional histories. Although most of them share photosynthetic activity, their pathways of primary carbon metabolism are rather diverse among species. Here we developed a method for gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) based metabolite profiling for the coccolithophorid alga Emiliania huxleyi, which is one of the most abundant microalgae in the ocean, in order to gain an overview of the pathway of primary metabolism within this alga. Following method optimization, twenty-six metabolites could be detected by this method. Whilst most proteogenic amino acids were detected, no peaks corresponding to malate and fumarate were found. The metabolite profile of E. huxleyi was, however, characterized by a prominent accumulation of mannitol reaching in excess of 14 nmol 106 cells−1. Similarly, the accumulation of the 13C label during short term H13CO3− feeding revealed a massive redistribution of label into mannitol as well as rapid but saturating label accumulation into glucose and several amino acids including aspartate, glycine and serine. These results provide support to previous work suggesting that this species adopts C3 photosynthesis and that mannitol functions as a carbon store in E. huxleyi.
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Analysis of expressed sequence tags from the marine microalga Pseudochattonella farcimen (Dictyochophyceae). Protist 2011; 163:143-61. [PMID: 21820956 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pseudochattonella farcimen (Eikrem, Edvardsen, et Throndsen) is a unicellular alga belonging to the Dictyochophyceae (Heterokonta). It forms recurring blooms in Scandinavian coastal waters, and has been associated to fish mortality. Here we report the sequencing and analysis of 10,368 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) corresponding to 8,149 unique gene models from this species. Compared to EST libraries from other heterokonts, P. farcimen contains a high number of genes with functions related to cell communication and signaling. We found several genes encoding proteins related to fatty acid metabolism, including eight fatty acid desaturases and two phospholipase A2 genes. Three desaturases are highly similar to Δ4-desaturases from haptophytes. P. farcimen also possesses three putative polyketide synthases (PKSs), belonging to two different families. Some of these genes may have been acquired via horizontal gene transfer by a common ancestor of brown algae and dictyochophytes, together with genes involved in mannitol metabolism, which are also present in P. farcimen. Our findings may explain the unusual fatty acid profile previously observed in P. farcimen, and are discussed from an evolutionary perspective and in relation to the ichthyotoxicity of this alga.
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