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Xu J, Fei P, Simon DW, Morowitz MJ, Mehta PA, Du W. Crosstalk between DNA Damage Repair and Metabolic Regulation in Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:733. [PMID: 38727270 PMCID: PMC11083014 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-renewal and differentiation are two characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Under steady physiological conditions, most primitive HSCs remain quiescent in the bone marrow (BM). They respond to different stimuli to refresh the blood system. The transition from quiescence to activation is accompanied by major changes in metabolism, a fundamental cellular process in living organisms that produces or consumes energy. Cellular metabolism is now considered to be a key regulator of HSC maintenance. Interestingly, HSCs possess a distinct metabolic profile with a preference for glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy production. Byproducts from the cellular metabolism can also damage DNA. To counteract such insults, mammalian cells have evolved a complex and efficient DNA damage repair (DDR) system to eliminate various DNA lesions and guard genomic stability. Given the enormous regenerative potential coupled with the lifetime persistence of HSCs, tight control of HSC genome stability is essential. The intersection of DDR and the HSC metabolism has recently emerged as an area of intense research interest, unraveling the profound connections between genomic stability and cellular energetics. In this brief review, we delve into the interplay between DDR deficiency and the metabolic reprogramming of HSCs, shedding light on the dynamic relationship that governs the fate and functionality of these remarkable stem cells. Understanding the crosstalk between DDR and the cellular metabolism will open a new avenue of research designed to target these interacting pathways for improving HSC function and treating hematologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Peiwen Fei
- Cancer Biology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96812, USA
| | - Dennis W. Simon
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael J. Morowitz
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Parinda A. Mehta
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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2
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Wu K, Wang Y, Liu R, Wang H, Rui T. The role of mammalian Sirtuin 6 in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1207133. [PMID: 37497437 PMCID: PMC10366693 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1207133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are severe diseases posing threat to human health because of their high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The incidence of diabetes mellitus is also increasing rapidly. Various signaling molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), which is a class III histone deacetylase, has attracted numerous attentions since its discovery. Sirt6 enjoys a unique structure, important biological functions, and is involved in multiple cellular processes such as stress response, mitochondrial biogenesis, transcription, insulin resistance, inflammatory response, chromatin silencing, and apoptosis. Sirt6 also plays significant roles in regulating several cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, as well as cardiac remodeling, bringing Sirt6 into the focus of clinical interests. In this review, we examine the recent advances in understanding the mechanistic working through which Sirt6 alters the course of lethal cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus.
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Ungurianu A, Zanfirescu A, Margină D. Sirtuins, resveratrol and the intertwining cellular pathways connecting them. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101936. [PMID: 37116286 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of NAD+-dependent deacylases with numerous physiological and pathological implications, which lately became an attractive therapeutic target. Sirtuin-activating compounds (STACs) could be useful in disease prevention and treatment. Despite its bioavailability issues, resveratrol exerts a myriad of beneficial effects, known as the "resveratrol paradox". Modulation of sirtuins' expression and activity may, in fact, underlie many of resveratrol revered actions; however, the cellular pathways affected by modulating the activity of each sirtuin isoform, in different physio-pathological conditions, are not fully known. The purpose of this review was to summarize recent reports concerning the effects of resveratrol on the activity of sirtuins in different experimental settings, focusing on in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies. Most reports concern SIRT1, however recent studies dive into the effects initiated via other isoforms. Numerous cellular signaling pathways were reported to be modulated by resveratrol in a sirtuin-dependent manner (increased phosphorylation of MAPKs, AKT, AMPK, RhoA, BDNF, decreased activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-κB, STAT3, upregulation of SIRT1/SREBP1c pathway, reduced β-amyloid via SIRT1-NF-κB-BACE1 signaling and counteracting mitochondrial damage by deacetylating PGC-1α). Thus, resveratrol may be the ideal candidate in the search for STACs as a tool for preventing and treating inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Ungurianu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Zanfirescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Denisa Margină
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Barzegari A, Omidi Y, Gueguen V, Meddahi-Pellé A, Letourneur D, Pavon-Djavid G. Nesting and fate of transplanted stem cells in hypoxic/ischemic injured tissues: The role of HIF1α/sirtuins and downstream molecular interactions. Biofactors 2023; 49:6-20. [PMID: 32939878 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nesting mechanisms and programming for the fate of implanted stem cells in the damaged tissue have been critical issues in designing and achieving cell therapies. The fracture site can induce senescence or apoptosis based on the surrounding harsh conditions, hypoxia, and oxidative stress (OS). Respiration deficiency, disruption in energy metabolism, and consequently OS induction change the biophysical, biochemical, and cellular components of the native tissue. Additionally, the homeostatic molecular players and cell signaling might be changed. Despite all aforementioned issues, in the native stem cell niche, physiological hypoxia is not toxic; rather, it is vitally required for homing, self-renewal, and differentiation. Hence, the key macromolecular players involved in the support of stem cell survival and re-adaptation to a new dysfunctional niche must be understood for managing the cell therapy outcome. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha is the master transcriptional regulator, involved in the cell response to hypoxia and the adaptation of stem cells to a new niche. This protein is regulated by interaction with sirtuins. Sirtuins are highly conserved NAD+-dependent enzymes that monitor the cellular energy status and modulate gene transcription, genome stability, and energy metabolism in response to environmental signals to modulate the homing and fate of stem cells. Herein, new insights into the nesting of stem cells in hypoxic-ischemic injured tissues were provided and their programming in a new dysfunctional niche along with the involved complex macromolecular players were critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Anne Meddahi-Pellé
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
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5
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SIRT6 inhibits hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells proliferation via HIF-1α/PDK4 signaling. Life Sci 2022; 312:121192. [PMID: 36396113 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SIRT6 is an NAD+-dependent protein that plays a vital role in regulating the cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Abnormal proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in peripheral vascular is one of the major pathological findings of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, whether SIRT6 is involved in hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs and its possible mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, we found that the expression of SIRT6 was decreased in both hypoxia-induced PAH rats model and HPASMCs. Hypoxia promoted the proliferation of HPASMCs in a time-dependent manner, inhibited the activity of caspase-3 and the production of PDH, increased the activity of LDH, ROS level, mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) and the expression of HIF-1α and PDK4, which induced glycolysis. SIRT6 over-expression could inhibit the proliferation of HPASMCs and increase the apoptosis rate, impelled the retardation of cell cycle in phase G1. Meanwhile, SIRT6 over-expression reduced LDH activity, the levels of ROS and MMP, which simultaneously increased the production of PDH, the expression of HIF-1α, PDK4, Cyclin D1 and PCNA in hypoxia-induced HPASMCs. Moreover, SIRT6 over-expression inhibited the transcriptional activation of HIF-1α/PDK4 signaling. In addition, SIRT6 knockdown with SIRT6 siRNA exhibited the same effect as hypoxia. Together, our results indicated that SIRT6 was participant in regulating hypoxia-induced imbalance of proliferation and apoptosis of HPASMCs, which was associated with the activation of HIF-1α/PDK4 signaling pathway. Targeting at SIRT6 gene and regulating the downstream metabolism signaling pathway may be a novel strategy for the treatment of hypoxia-induced PAH.
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Role of succinic acid in the regulation of sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109065. [PMID: 35853278 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening disease characterized by a defensive response to damage. The immune response in patients with sepsis is overenhanced in the early stages and suppressed in the later stages, leading to poor prognosis. Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic changes play a role in sepsis. Metabolic intermediates such as elevated succinic acid levels are significantly altered in patients with sepsis. Succinic acid, a metabolic intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, participates in energy supply and plays a role in metabolic reprogramming. Simultaneously, as an epigenetic regulator, it participates in gene transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications. It also participates in the inflammatory response, hypoxia, and the production of reactive oxygen species via endocrine and paracrine pathways. In this review, we have discussed the effects of succinic acid on sepsis and its therapeutic potential.
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Yu X, Hussein S, Li L, Liu Q, Ban Z, Jiang H. Effect of Dihydroquercetin on Energy Metabolism in LPS-Induced Inflammatory Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6491771. [PMID: 35832840 PMCID: PMC9273438 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6491771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects and alterations of dihydroquercetin on the growth performance, nutriment metabolism, antioxidant and immune function, and energy substrate utilization in lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice. A total of 0, 50, and 200 mg/kg of dihydroquercetin were intragastrically administered once a day for 21 days. After the pretreatment with dihydroquercetin, each group was subjected to a lipopolysaccharide challenge (except for the control group). After lipopolysaccharide injection, food intake, body weight, metabolic indexes of blood and liver nutrients, blood inflammatory factors, and liver oxidative stress indexes were measured at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Indirect calorimetry analysis was performed by respiratory gas analysis for 48 h to calculate the energy substrate metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Urinary nitrogen excretion was measured to evaluate the urinary protein metabolism to calculate the substrate utilization. The results showed that dihydroquercetin pretreatment can significantly increase the weight gain and average food intake and decrease the mortality rate in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation mice. Furthermore, dihydroquercetin pretreatment can alleviate the negative effects of lipopolysaccharides by increasing levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and by decreasing the malondialdehyde and serum inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, nuclear factor κB, and interleukin-6). Dihydroquercetin pretreatment also can relieve nutrient metabolic disorder by increasing blood glucose, serum total protein, and liver glycogen levels and reducing serum and liver triglycerides, serum cholesterol, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and serum urea nitrogen levels. Meanwhile, it increases the relative utilization of carbohydrate, reducing relative utilization of protein and lipid, alleviating the change in energy metabolism pattern from glucose-predominant to lipid-predominant caused by lipopolysaccharide stimulation. In addition, the degree of metabolic pattern transformation depends on the dose of dihydroquercetin supplement. Finally, according to principal component analysis, we found that the inflammation was strongest in the mice at 24 h and was subsequently relieved in the LPS-stimulated group, whereas in the dihydroquercetin-pretreated group, the inflammation was initially relieved. To summarize, dihydroquercetin pretreatment can improve energy metabolism disorder and attenuate the negative effects of lipopolysaccharide challenge in mice from the initial stage of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Province, Changchun, China 130118
| | - Saddam Hussein
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Province, Changchun, China 130118
| | - Lijia Li
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China 1300119
| | - Qingyu Liu
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China 1300119
| | - Zhibin Ban
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China 1300119
| | - Hailong Jiang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Province, Changchun, China 130118
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8
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Energy restriction induced SIRT6 inhibits microglia activation and promotes angiogenesis in cerebral ischemia via transcriptional inhibition of TXNIP. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:449. [PMID: 35562171 PMCID: PMC9095711 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Energy restriction (ER) protects against cerebral ischemic injury, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, rats were fed ad libitum (AL) or on an alternate-day food deprivation intermittent fasting (IF) diet for 3 months, followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. The body weight, infarct volume, and neurological deficit score were accessed at the designated time points. ELISA, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were used to determine cytokine secretion and the expression of SIRT6, TXNIP, and signaling molecules, respectively. Immunofluorescence evaluated microglial activation and angiogenesis in vivo. For in vitro study, oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated cell model was generated. MTT and tube formation assays were employed to determine cell viability and tube formation capability. ChIP assay detected chromatin occupancy of SIRT6 and SIRT6-mediated H3 deacetylation. We found that IF or ER mimetics ameliorated cerebral ischemic brain damage and microglial activation, and potentiated angiogenesis in vivo. ER mimetics or SIRT6 overexpression alleviated cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury in vitro. SIRT6 suppressed TXNIP via deacetylation of H3K9ac and H3K56ac in HAPI cells and BMVECs. Downregulation of SIRT6 reversed ER mimetics-mediated protection during cerebral I/R in vitro. Our study demonstrated that ER-mediated upregulation of SIRT6 inhibited microglia activation and potentiated angiogenesis in cerebral ischemia via suppressing TXNIP.
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9
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Modulation of SIRT6 activity acts as an emerging therapeutic implication for pathological disorders in the skeletal system. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Sirtuins as Interesting Players in the Course of HIV Infection and Comorbidities. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102739. [PMID: 34685718 PMCID: PMC8534645 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of enzymes from the group of NAD+-dependent deacetylases. Through the reaction of splitting the acetyl group of various transcription factors and histones they regulate many processes in the organism. The activity of sirtuins is linked to metabolic control, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and they also affect the course of viral infections. For this reason, they may participate in the pathogenesis and development of many diseases, but little is known about their role in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which is the subject of this review. In the course of HIV infection, comorbidities such as: neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes, lipid disorders and cardiovascular diseases, renal and bone diseases developed more frequently and faster compared to the general population. The role of sirtuins in the development of accompanying diseases in the course of HIV infection may also be interesting. There is still a lack of detailed information on this subject. The role of sirtuins, especially SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6, are indicated to be of great importance in the course of HIV infection and the development of the abovementioned comorbidities.
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Loras A, Segovia C, Ruiz-Cerdá JL. Epigenomic and Metabolomic Integration Reveals Dynamic Metabolic Regulation in Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2719. [PMID: 34072826 PMCID: PMC8198168 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) represents a clinical, social, and economic challenge due to tumor-intrinsic characteristics, limitations of diagnostic techniques and a lack of personalized treatments. In the last decade, the use of liquid biopsy has grown as a non-invasive approach to characterize tumors. Moreover, the emergence of omics has increased our knowledge of cancer biology and identified critical BC biomarkers. The rewiring between epigenetics and metabolism has been closely linked to tumor phenotype. Chromatin remodelers interact with each other to control gene silencing in BC, but also with stress-inducible factors or oncogenic signaling cascades to regulate metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and lipogenesis. Concurrently, one-carbon metabolism supplies methyl groups to histone and DNA methyltransferases, leading to the hypermethylation and silencing of suppressor genes in BC. Conversely, α-KG and acetyl-CoA enhance the activity of histone demethylases and acetyl transferases, increasing gene expression, while succinate and fumarate have an inhibitory role. This review is the first to analyze the interplay between epigenome, metabolome and cell signaling pathways in BC, and shows how their regulation contributes to tumor development and progression. Moreover, it summarizes non-invasive biomarkers that could be applied in clinical practice to improve diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis and the therapeutic options in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Loras
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en TICs Aplicadas a la Reingeniería de Procesos Socio-Sanitarios (eRPSS), Universitat Politècnica de València-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Segovia
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Ruiz-Cerdá
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Akter R, Afrose A, Rahman MR, Chowdhury R, Nirzhor SSR, Khan RI, Kabir MT. A Comprehensive Analysis into the Therapeutic Application of Natural Products as SIRT6 Modulators in Alzheimer's Disease, Aging, Cancer, Inflammation, and Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4180. [PMID: 33920726 PMCID: PMC8073883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have long been used as drugs to treat a wide array of human diseases. The lead compounds discovered from natural sources are used as novel templates for developing more potent and safer drugs. Natural products produce biological activity by binding with biological macromolecules, since natural products complement the protein-binding sites and natural product-protein interactions are already optimized in nature. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is an NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase enzyme and a unique Sirtuin family member. It plays a crucial role in different molecular pathways linked to DNA repair, tumorigenesis, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, neurodegeneration, cardiac hypertrophic responses, etc. Thus, it has emerged as an exciting target of several diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, aging, diabetes, metabolic disorder, and heart disease. Recent studies have shown that natural compounds can act as modulators of SIRT6. In the current review, a list of natural products, their sources, and their mechanisms of SIRT6 activity modulation has been compiled. The potential application of these naturally occurring SIRT6 modulators in the amelioration of major human diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, aging, diabetes, inflammation, and cancer has also been delineated. Natural products such as isoquercetin, luteolin, and cyanidin act as SIRT6 activators, whereas vitexin, catechin, scutellarin, fucoidan, etc. work as SIRT6 inhibitors. It is noteworthy to mention that quercetin acts as both SIRT6 activator and inhibitor depending on its concentration used. Although none of them were found as highly selective and potent modulators of SIRT6, they could serve as the starting point for developing selective and highly potent scaffolds for SIRT6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushanara Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (R.C.); (M.T.K.)
| | - Afrina Afrose
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (R.C.); (M.T.K.)
| | - Md. Rashidur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh;
| | - Rakhi Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (R.C.); (M.T.K.)
| | - Saif Shahriar Rahman Nirzhor
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Rubayat Islam Khan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Md. Tanvir Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (R.C.); (M.T.K.)
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Kratz EM, Sołkiewicz K, Kaczmarek A, Piwowar A. Sirtuins: Enzymes with multidirectional catalytic activity. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.7866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT) are NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases that play an important role in the
functioning of the human body. They participate in numerous processes taking place in cells,
including in the post-translational modification of proteins, silencing gene transcription,
inducing repair processes, as well as in the regulation of metabolic processes. Sirtuins have
also been shown to play an important role in reducing the level of reactive oxygen species
as well as in stimulating cell growth, aging and death. Such a wide range of processes, which
are affected by sirtuins, have recently made sirtuins the object of many studies aimed at
a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of their action and the role they play.
The aim of our study was to collect and systematize information on sirtuins, mainly from
the last 10 years, both regarding the human body and based on the results of research on
animal models or cell lines. The article discusses the structure, function and biological role
of sirtuins in cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Maria Kratz
- Katedra Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Zakład Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
| | - Katarzyna Sołkiewicz
- Katedra Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Zakład Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
| | - Agnieszka Kaczmarek
- Katedra Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Zakład Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
| | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Katedra i Zakład Toksykologii, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
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Lasigliè D. Sirtuins and the prevention of immunosenescence. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:221-264. [PMID: 33706950 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been largely described as one underlying cause of senescence of the immune-hematopoietic system (immunosenescence). A set of well-defined hallmarks characterizes aged HSCs contributing to unbalanced hematopoiesis and aging-associated functional alterations of both branches of the immune system. In this chapter, the contribution of sirtuins, a family of conserved NAD+ dependent deacetylases with key roles in metabolism, genome integrity, aging and lifespan, to immunosenescence, will be addressed. In particular, the role of SIRT6 will be deeply analyzed highlighting a multifaceted part of this deacetylase in HSCs aging as well as in the immunosenescence of dendritic cells (DCs). These and other emerging data are currently paving the way for future design and development of rejuvenation means aiming at rescuing age-related changes in immune function in the elderly and combating age-associated hematopoietic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lasigliè
- Istituto Comprensivo "Franco Marro", Ministero dell'Istruzione Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (M.I.U.R), Villar Perosa, TO, Italy.
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Brockmueller A, Sameri S, Liskova A, Zhai K, Varghese E, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P, Shakibaei M. Resveratrol's Anti-Cancer Effects through the Modulation of Tumor Glucose Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020188. [PMID: 33430318 PMCID: PMC7825813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The prevention and treatment of cancer is an ongoing medical challenge. In the context of personalized medicine, the well-studied polyphenol resveratrol could complement classical tumor therapy. It may affect key processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, proliferation, metastasis, glucose metabolism, and apoptosis in various cancers because resveratrol acts as a multi-targeting agent by modulating multiple signal transduction pathways. This review article focuses on resveratrol’s ability to modify tumor glucose metabolism and its associated therapeutic capacity. Resveratrol reduces glucose uptake and glycolysis by affecting Glut1, PFK1, HIF-1α, ROS, PDH, and the CamKKB/AMPK pathway. It also inhibits cell growth, invasion, and proliferation by targeting NF-kB, Sirt1, Sirt3, LDH, PI-3K, mTOR, PKM2, R5P, G6PD, TKT, talin, and PGAM. In addition, resveratrol induces apoptosis by targeting integrin, p53, LDH, and FAK. In conclusion, resveratrol has many potentials to intervene in tumor processes if bioavailability can be increased and this natural compound can be used selectively. Abstract Tumor cells develop several metabolic reprogramming strategies, such as increased glucose uptake and utilization via aerobic glycolysis and fermentation of glucose to lactate; these lead to a low pH environment in which the cancer cells thrive and evade apoptosis. These characteristics of tumor cells are known as the Warburg effect. Adaptive metabolic alterations in cancer cells can be attributed to mutations in key metabolic enzymes and transcription factors. The features of the Warburg phenotype may serve as promising markers for the early detection and treatment of tumors. Besides, the glycolytic process of tumors is reversible and could represent a therapeutic target. So-called mono-target therapies are often unsafe and ineffective, and have a high prevalence of recurrence. Their success is hindered by the ability of tumor cells to simultaneously develop multiple chemoresistance pathways. Therefore, agents that modify several cellular targets, such as energy restriction to target tumor cells specifically, have therapeutic potential. Resveratrol, a natural active polyphenol found in grapes and red wine and used in many traditional medicines, is known for its ability to target multiple components of signaling pathways in tumors, leading to the suppression of cell proliferation, activation of apoptosis, and regression in tumor growth. Here, we describe current knowledge on the various mechanisms by which resveratrol modulates glucose metabolism, its potential as an imitator of caloric restriction, and its therapeutic capacity in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Saba Sameri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838678 Hamadan, Iran;
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-892-1807-2624; Fax: +49-892-1807-2625
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Samant SA, Pillai VB, Gupta MP. Skeletal muscle-specific over-expression of the nuclear sirtuin SIRT6 blocks cancer-associated cachexia by regulating multiple targets. JCSM RAPID COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 4:40-56. [PMID: 34212132 PMCID: PMC8237231 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During cancer cachexia, cytokines released from tumour cells can alter body's metabolism, which can lead to onset of this disease process. Biological basis of cachexia is multifactorial; hence, it is important to identify and modulate multiple targets to curtail the process of cachexia. Previously, we reported that the nuclear sirtuin, SIRT6, blocks expression of myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth, through modulation of the NF-κB signalling. This study was undertaken to test whether muscle-specific over-expression of SIRT6 can block the cancer-associated muscle wasting in vivo and to identify additional relevant targets of SIRT6, which can explain its ability to maintain muscle health. METHODS We generated a skeletal muscle-specific SIRT6 over-expressing transgenic mouse line (Sk.T6Tg) expressing SIRT6 at a moderate (two-fold to four-fold) level, compared with its control littermates. To generate a cancer-cachexia model, B16F10 mouse melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously in the flanks of mice. Gastrocnemius muscle tissues from non-tumour and tumour controls and Sk.T6Tg mice (n = 5-20) were analysed by histology, immunoblotting, and RT-qPCR. Plasma samples of mice were evaluated using cytokine arrays and ELISA in both non-tumour and tumour conditions. RESULTS Our results demonstrate dual benefits of muscle-specific moderate over-expression of SIRT6 in a mouse model of cancer-cachexia. In tumour-bearing mice, SIRT6 over-expression preserved muscle weight (P < 0.001) and fibre size (P < 0.005) as well as suppressed tumour growth (P < 0.05). SIRT6 over-expression significantly reduced myostatin expression and plasma free fatty acids levels but maintained plasma insulin levels in tumour-bearing mice. These positive effects of SIRT6 were associated with downregulation of the circulatory chemokine, CXCL10, and the myokine, WNT4. SIRT6 also upregulated expression of GLUT4, the major glucose transporter in the skeletal muscle. These results for the first time demonstrate that SIRT6 regulates multiple targets to limit tumour growth and cancer-associated muscle atrophy. CONCLUSION Given the multifactorial nature of cachexia, SIRT6, which concurrently controls multiple pathways, can be a valuable therapeutic target to overcome this debilitating syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana A. Samant
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Chicago5841 South Maryland AvenueChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Vinodkumar B. Pillai
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Chicago5841 South Maryland AvenueChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Mahesh P. Gupta
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Chicago5841 South Maryland AvenueChicagoIL60637USA
- Committee on Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Pritzker School of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
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Chandramowlishwaran P, Vijay A, Abraham D, Li G, Mwangi SM, Srinivasan S. Role of Sirtuins in Modulating Neurodegeneration of the Enteric Nervous System and Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:614331. [PMID: 33414704 PMCID: PMC7783311 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.614331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration of the central and enteric nervous systems is a common feature of aging and aging-related diseases, and is accelerated in individuals with metabolic dysfunction including obesity and diabetes. The molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in both the CNS and ENS are overlapping. Sirtuins are an important family of histone deacetylases that are important for genome stability, cellular response to stress, and nutrient and hormone sensing. They are activated by calorie restriction (CR) and by the coenzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Sirtuins, specifically the nuclear SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, have been shown to have predominantly neuroprotective roles in the CNS while the cytoplasmic sirtuin, SIRT2 is largely associated with neurodegeneration. A systematic study of sirtuins in the ENS and their effect on enteric neuronal growth and survival has not been conducted. Recent studies, however, also link sirtuins with important hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, melatonin, and serotonin which influence many important processes including satiety, mood, circadian rhythm, and gut homeostasis. In this review, we address emerging roles of sirtuins in modulating the metabolic challenges from aging, obesity, and diabetes that lead to neurodegeneration in the ENS and CNS. We also highlight a novel role for sirtuins along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in modulating neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Chandramowlishwaran
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Anitha Vijay
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Abraham
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ge Li
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Simon Musyoka Mwangi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
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Diani-Moore S, Marques Pedro T, Rifkind AB. Organ-specific effects on glycolysis by the dioxin-activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243842. [PMID: 33320884 PMCID: PMC7737989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) by the environmental toxin dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD) causes diverse toxicities, including thymus atrophy and hepatosteatosis. The mechanisms by which AHR activation by TCDD leads to these toxicities are not fully understood. Here we studied the effects of TCDD on a major energy pathway, glycolysis, using the chick embryo close to hatching, a well-established model for studying dioxin toxicity. We showed that 24 hr of TCDD treatment causes changes in glycolysis in both thymus and liver. In thymus glands, TCDD decreased mRNAs for glycolytic genes and glucose transporters, glycolytic indices and levels of IL7 mRNA, phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and HIF1A, stimulators of glycolysis and promoters of survival and proliferation of thymic lymphocytes. In contrast, in liver, TCDD increased mRNA levels for glycolytic genes and glucose transporters, glycolytic endpoints and pAKT levels. Similarly, increases by TCDD in mRNA levels for glycolytic genes and glucose transporters in human primary hepatocytes showed that effects in chick embryo liver pertain also to human cells. Treatment with the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose exacerbated the effects on thymus atrophy by TCDD, supporting a role for decreased glycolysis in thymus atrophy by TCDD, but did not prevent hepatosteatosis. NAD+ precursors abolished TCDD effects on glycolytic endpoints in both thymus and liver. In summary, we report here that dioxin disrupts glycolysis mediated energy metabolism in both thymus and liver, and that it does so in opposite ways, decreasing it in the thymus and increasing it in the liver. Further, the findings support NAD+ boosting as a strategy against metabolic effects of environmental pollutants such as dioxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Diani-Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacology PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tiago Marques Pedro
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacology PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Arleen B. Rifkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacology PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Raj S, Dsouza LA, Singh SP, Kanwal A. Sirt6 Deacetylase: A Potential Key Regulator in the Prevention of Obesity, Diabetes and Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:598326. [PMID: 33442387 PMCID: PMC7797778 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins, NAD + dependent proteins belonging to class III histone deacetylases, are involved in regulating numerous cellular processes including cellular stress, insulin resistance, inflammation, mitochondrial biogenesis, chromatin silencing, cell cycle regulation, transcription, and apoptosis. Of the seven mammalian sirtuins present in humans, Sirt6 is an essential nuclear sirtuin. Until recently, Sirt6 was thought to regulate chromatin silencing, but new research indicates its role in aging, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, lipid metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Various murine models demonstrate that Sirt6 activation is beneficial in alleviating many disease conditions and increasing lifespan, showing that Sirt6 is a critical therapeutic target in the treatment of various disease conditions in humans. Sirt6 also regulates the pathogenesis of multiple diseases by acting on histone proteins and non-histone proteins. Endogenous and non-endogenous modulators regulate both activation and inhibition of Sirt6. Few Sirt6 specific non-endogenous modulators have been identified. Hence the identification of Sirt6 specific modulators may have potential therapeutic roles in the diseases described above. In this review, we describe the development of Sirt6, the role it plays in the human condition, the functional role and therapeutic importance in disease processes, and specific modulators and molecular mechanism of Sirt6 in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, cardiovascular disease, aging, and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Raj
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Liston Augustine Dsouza
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shailendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, India
| | - Abhinav Kanwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda, India
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20
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Tang X, Wei Y, Wang J, Chen S, Cai J, Tang J, Xu X, Long B, Yu G, Zhang Z, He M, Qin J. Association between SIRT6 Methylation and Human Longevity in a Chinese Population. Public Health Genomics 2020; 23:190-199. [PMID: 33238266 DOI: 10.1159/000508832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 6 gene (SIRT6) is a longevity gene that is involved in a variety of metabolic pathways, but the relationship between SIRT6 methylation and longevity has not been clarified. METHODS We conducted a case-control study on 129 residents with a family history of longevity (1 of parents, themselves, or siblings aged ≥90 years) and 86 individuals without a family history of exceptional longevity to identify the association. DNA pyrosequencing was performed to analyze the methylation status of SIRT6 promoter CpG sites. qRT-PCR and ELISA were used to estimate the SIRT6 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and protein content. Six CpG sites (P1-P6) were identified as methylation variable positions in the SIRT6 promoter region. RESULTS At the P2 and P5 CpG sites, the methylation rates of the longevity group were lower than those of the control group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009), which might be independent determinants of longevity. The mRNA and protein levels of SIRT6 decreased in the control group (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.038). The mRNA level negatively correlated with the methylation rates at the P2 (rs = -0.173, p = 0.011) and P5 sites (rs = -0.207, p = 0.002). Furthermore, the protein content positively correlated with the methylation rate at the P5 site (rs = 0.136, p = 0.046) but showed no significant correlation with the methylation rate at the P2 site. CONCLUSION The low level of SIRT6 methylation may be a potential protective factor of Chinese longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiansheng Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiexia Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bingshuang Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guoqi Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
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21
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Mazumder S, Barman M, Bandyopadhyay U, Bindu S. Sirtuins as endogenous regulators of lung fibrosis: A current perspective. Life Sci 2020; 258:118201. [PMID: 32781070 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic lung diseases qualify among the most dreaded irreversible interstitial pulmonary complications with progressive yet largely unpredictable clinical course. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most challenging prototype characterized by unknown and complex molecular etiology, severe dearth of non-invasive therapeutic options and average lifespan of 2-5 years in patients post diagnosis. Lung fibrosis (LF) is a leading cause of death in the industrialized world with the propensity to contract, significantly increasing with age. Approximately 45% deaths in US are attributed to fibrotic diseases while around 7% respiratory disease-associated deaths, annually in UK, are actually attributed to IPF. Recent developments in the field of LF have unambiguously pointed towards the pivotal role of Sirtuins (SIRTs) in regulating disease progression, thereby qualifying as potential anti-fibrotic drug targets. These NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylases, deacylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases are evolutionarily conserved proteins, regulated by diverse metabolic/environmental factors and implicated in age-related degenerative and inflammatory disorders. While SIRT1, SIRT6 and SIRT7 are predominantly nuclear, SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5 are mainly mitochondrial and SIRT2 is majorly cytosolic with occasional nuclear translocation. SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6 and SIRT7 are documented as cytoprotective sirtuins implicated in cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic diseases including fibrosis; however functional roles of remaining sirtuins in pulmonary pathologies are yet elusive. Here, we provide a comprehensive recent update on the regulatory role of sirtuins on LF along with discussion on potential therapeutic modulation of endogenous Sirtuin expression through synthetic/plant-derived compounds which can help synthetic chemists and ethnopharmacologists to design new-generation cheap, non-toxic Sirtuin-based drugs against LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Mazumder
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Mukta Barman
- Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Vivekananda Street, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India; Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Rd, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Samik Bindu
- Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Vivekananda Street, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India.
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Al-Azzam N. Sirtuin 6 and metabolic genes interplay in Warburg effect in cancers. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 66:169-175. [PMID: 32523242 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Under oxygen availability, normal cells undergo mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to metabolize glucose and yield up to 36 ATPs per glucose molecule for cellular functions, and undergo non-oxidative metabolism (glycolysis) under hypoxic and proliferating conditions to yield 2 ATP per glucose. These cells metabolize glucose to pyruvate via glycolysis followed by conversion of pyruvate to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase. However, cancer cells have the ability to undergo glycolysis and ferment glucose to lactate regardless of oxygen availability; a phenomenon first addressed by Otto Warburg and called, "Warburg effect". Numerous glycolytic genes/proteins have been identified in tumors; that include glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase-M2 splice isoform (PKM2), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-A). Histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), an epigenetic regulator, is highly expressed in various cancers. SIRT6 plays an important role in Warburg effect by regulating many glycolytic genes. Loss of SIRT6 enhances tumor growth via enhancing glycolysis. This review is mainly concerned with exploring the most recent advances in understanding the roles of the metabolic genes (GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, and LDH-A) and the epigenetic regulator SIRT6 in cancer metabolism and how SIRT6 can modulate these metabolic genes expression and its possible use as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosayba Al-Azzam
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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23
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Gaál Z, Csernoch L. Impact of Sirtuin Enzymes on the Altered Metabolic Phenotype of Malignantly Transformed Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:45. [PMID: 32117717 PMCID: PMC7033489 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins compose a unique collection of histone deacetylase enzymes that have a wide variety of enzymatic activities and regulate diverse cell functions such as cellular metabolism, longevity and energy homeostasis, mitochondrial function, and biogenesis. Impaired sirtuin functions or alterations of their expression levels may result in several pathological conditions and contribute to the altered metabolic phenotype of malignantly transformed cells in a significant manner. In the twenty-first century, principles of personalized anticancer treatment need to involve not only the evaluation of changes of the genetic material, but also the mapping of epigenetic and metabolic alterations, to both of which the contribution of sirtuin enzymes is fundamental. Since sirtuins are central players in the maintenance of cellular energy and metabolic homeostasis, they are key elements in the development of metabolic transformation of cancer cells referred to as the Warburg effect. Although its most well-known features are enhanced glycolysis and excessive lactate production, Warburg effect has several aspects involving both carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, among which different tumor types have different preferences. Therefore, energy supply of cancer cells can be impaired by a growing number of antimetabolite agents, for which appropriate vectors are strongly needed. However, data are controversial about their tumor suppressor or oncogenic properties, the biological effects of sirtuin enzymes strongly depend on the tissue microenvironment (TME) in which they are expressed. Immune cells are regarded as key players of TME. Sirtuins regulate the survival, activation, metabolism, and mitochondrial function of these cells, therefore, they are not only single elements, but key regulators of the network that determines anticancer immunity. Altered metabolism of tumor cells induces changes in the gene expression pattern of cells in TME, due to altered concentrations of metabolite cofactors of epigenetic modifiers including sirtuins. In summary, epigenetic and metabolic alterations in malignant diseases are influenced by sirtuins in a significant manner, and should be treated in a personalized approach. Since they often develop in early stages of cancer, broad examination of these alterations is required at time of the diagnosis in order to provide a personalized combination of distinct therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Gaál
- Institute-Clinic of Pediatrics, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Hydrogen Attenuates Allergic Inflammation by Reversing Energy Metabolic Pathway Switch. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1962. [PMID: 32029879 PMCID: PMC7005324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms mediating the protective effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) are not well understood. This study explored the possibility that H2 exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by modulating energy metabolic pathway switch. Activities of glycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation systems were assessed in asthmatic patients and in mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. The effects of hydrogen treatment on airway inflammation and on changes in activities of these two pathways were evaluated. Monocytes from asthmatic patients and lungs from ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged mice had increased lactate production and glycolytic enzyme activities (enhanced glycolysis), accompanied by decreased ATP production and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and III activities (suppressed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation), indicating an energy metabolic pathway switch. Treatment of ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged mice with hydrogen reversed the energy metabolic pathway switch, and mitigated airway inflammation. Hydrogen abrogated ovalbumin sensitization and challenge-induced upregulation of glycolytic enzymes and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and downregulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α. Hydrogen abrogated ovalbumin sensitization and challenge-induced sirtuins 1, 3, 5 and 6 downregulation. Our data demonstrates that allergic airway inflammation is associated with an energy metabolic pathway switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. Hydrogen inhibits airway inflammation by reversing this switch. Hydrogen regulates energy metabolic reprogramming by acting at multiple levels in the energy metabolism regulation pathways.
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Zhao J, Liu S, Zhang W, Ni L, Hu Z, Sheng Z, Yin B. MiR-128 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation in osteoporosis by down-regulating SIRT6 expression. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20191405. [PMID: 31477582 PMCID: PMC6757182 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation and chondrification in vivo The purpose of the present study was to explore the potential mechanism of miR-128 in osteoporosis (OP).Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of miR-128 in femoral neck trabecular bones of OP patients (n=40) and non-OP patients (n=40). C2C12 cells were transfected with miR-128 mimic or inhibitor to determine the effect of miR-128 on osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter genes were used to determine the molecular mechanism of miR-128 in osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 cells.Results: The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression level of miR-128 in bone samples of OP patients was significantly higher than that of non-OP patients, while miR-128 was significantly down-regulated during the osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. In addition, the results showed that overexpression of miR-128 significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression levels of osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and collagen I type-α1 (COL1A1) in C2C12 cells, while miR-128 inhibitor could reverse this effect. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay found that silencing information regulatory protein 6 (SIRT6) was a direct target of miR-128. The qRT-PCR and Western Blot results found that miR-128 significantly down-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT6. Furthermore, silencing SIRT6 significantly inhibited the promoting effect of the miR-128 inhibitor on the expression of osteoblast markers.Conclusion: The above results confirmed that miR-128 inhibited osteoblast differentiation in OP by down-regulating SIRT6 expression, thus accelerating the development of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin City 150040, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Shaohui Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin City 150040, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin City 150040, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Linying Ni
- Department of Orthopedic, The third affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City 150040, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhenming Hu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing City 400000, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Sheng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin City 150040, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin City 150040, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China
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Zambrano A, Molt M, Uribe E, Salas M. Glut 1 in Cancer Cells and the Inhibitory Action of Resveratrol as A Potential Therapeutic Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133374. [PMID: 31324056 PMCID: PMC6651361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An important hallmark in cancer cells is the increase in glucose uptake. GLUT1 is an important target in cancer treatment because cancer cells upregulate GLUT1, a membrane protein that facilitates the basal uptake of glucose in most cell types, to ensure the flux of sugar into metabolic pathways. The dysregulation of GLUT1 is associated with numerous disorders, including cancer and metabolic diseases. There are natural products emerging as a source for inhibitors of glucose uptake, and resveratrol is a molecule of natural origin with many properties that acts as antioxidant and antiproliferative in malignant cells. In the present review, we discuss how GLUT1 is involved in the general scheme of cancer cell metabolism, the mechanism of glucose transport, and the importance of GLUT1 structure to understand the inhibition process. Then, we review the current state-of-the-art of resveratrol and other natural products as GLUT1 inhibitors, focusing on those directed at treating different types of cancer. Targeting GLUT1 activity is a promising strategy for the development of drugs aimed at treating neoplastic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angara Zambrano
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Microbiologia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 0000000, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Matías Molt
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Microbiologia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 0000000, Chile
| | - Elena Uribe
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Mónica Salas
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Microbiologia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 0000000, Chile.
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Abstract
Macrophages are the primary targets of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; the early events of macrophage interaction with M. tuberculosis define subsequent progression and outcome of infection. M. tuberculosis can alter the innate immunity of macrophages, resulting in suboptimal Th1 immunity, which contributes to the survival, persistence, and eventual dissemination of the pathogen. Macrophages are the primary targets of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; the early events of macrophage interaction with M. tuberculosis define subsequent progression and outcome of infection. M. tuberculosis can alter the innate immunity of macrophages, resulting in suboptimal Th1 immunity, which contributes to the survival, persistence, and eventual dissemination of the pathogen. Recent advances in immunometabolism illuminate the intimate link between the metabolic states of immune cells and their specific functions. In this review, we describe the little-studied biphasic metabolic dynamics of the macrophage response during progression of infection by M. tuberculosis and discuss their relevance to macrophage immunity and M. tuberculosis pathogenicity. The early phase of macrophage infection, which is marked by M1 polarization, is accompanied by a metabolic switch from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α)-mediated aerobic glycolysis (also known as the Warburg effect in cancer cells), as well as by an upregulation of pathways involving oxidative and antioxidative defense responses, arginine metabolism, and synthesis of bioactive lipids. These early metabolic changes are followed by a late adaptation/resolution phase in which macrophages transition from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, with a consequent dampening of macrophage proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses. Importantly, the identification of upregulated metabolic pathways and/or metabolic regulatory mechanisms with immunomodulatory functions during M1 polarization has revealed novel mechanisms of M. tuberculosis pathogenicity. These advances can lead to the development of novel host-directed therapies to facilitate bacterial clearance in tuberculosis by targeting the metabolic state of immune cells.
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Yu J, Sun W, Song Y, Liu J, Xue F, Gong K, Yang X, Kang Q. SIRT6 protects retinal ganglion cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress by promoting Nrf2/ARE signaling via inhibition of Bach1. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 300:151-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Mehra P, Guo Y, Nong Y, Lorkiewicz P, Nasr M, Li Q, Muthusamy S, Bradley JA, Bhatnagar A, Wysoczynski M, Bolli R, Hill BG. Cardiac mesenchymal cells from diabetic mice are ineffective for cell therapy-mediated myocardial repair. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:46. [PMID: 30353243 PMCID: PMC6314032 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although cell therapy improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction, highly variable results and limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms preclude its clinical translation. Because many heart failure patients are diabetic, we examined how diabetic conditions affect the characteristics of cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMC) and their ability to promote myocardial repair in mice. To examine how diabetes affects CMC function, we isolated CMCs from non-diabetic C57BL/6J (CMCWT) or diabetic B6.BKS(D)-Leprdb/J (CMCdb/db) mice. When CMCs were grown in 17.5 mM glucose, CMCdb/db cells showed > twofold higher glycolytic activity and a threefold higher expression of Pfkfb3 compared with CMCWT cells; however, culture of CMCdb/db cells in 5.5 mM glucose led to metabolic remodeling characterized by normalization of metabolism, a higher NAD+/NADH ratio, and a sixfold upregulation of Sirt1. These changes were associated with altered extracellular vesicle miRNA content as well as proliferation and cytotoxicity parameters comparable to CMCWT cells. To test whether this metabolic improvement of CMCdb/db cells renders them suitable for cell therapy, we cultured CMCWT or CMCdb/db cells in 5.5 mM glucose and then injected them into infarcted hearts of non-diabetic mice (CMCWT, n = 17; CMCdb/db, n = 13; Veh, n = 14). Hemodynamic measurements performed 35 days after transplantation showed that, despite normalization of their properties in vitro, and unlike CMCWT cells, CMCdb/db cells did not improve load-dependent and -independent parameters of left ventricular function. These results suggest that diabetes adversely affects the reparative capacity of CMCs and that modulating CMC characteristics via culture in lower glucose does not render them efficacious for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Mehra
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 580 S. Preston St., Rm 321E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yiru Guo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 580 S. Preston St., Rm 321E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yibing Nong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 580 S. Preston St., Rm 321E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 580 S. Preston St., Rm 321E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Marjan Nasr
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 580 S. Preston St., Rm 321E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Qianhong Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 580 S. Preston St., Rm 321E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Muthusamy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 580 S. Preston St., Rm 321E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - James A Bradley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 580 S. Preston St., Rm 321E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 580 S. Preston St., Rm 321E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Marcin Wysoczynski
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 580 S. Preston St., Rm 321E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 580 S. Preston St., Rm 321E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 580 S. Preston St., Rm 321E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Zhao G, Wang H, Xu C, Wang P, Chen J, Wang P, Sun Z, Su Y, Wang Z, Han L, Tong T. SIRT6 delays cellular senescence by promoting p27Kip1 ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:2308-2323. [PMID: 27794562 PMCID: PMC5115890 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin6(SIRT6) has been implicated as a key factor in aging and aging-related diseases. However, the role of SIRT6 in cellular senescence has not been fully understood. Here, we show that SIRT6 repressed the expression of p27Kip1 (p27) in cellular senescence. The expression of SIRT6 was reduced during cellular senescence, whereas enforced SIRT6 expression promoted cell proliferation and antagonized cellular senescence. In addition, we demonstrated that SIRT6 promoted p27 degradation by proteasome and SIRT6 decreased the acetylation level and protein half-life of p27. p27 acetylation increased its protein stability. Furthermore, SIRT6 directly interacted with p27. Importantly, p27 was strongly acetylated and had a prolonged protein half-life with the reduction of SIRT6 when cells were senescent, compared with those young cells. Finally, SIRT6 markedly rescued senescence induced by p27. Our findings indicate that SIRT6 decreases p27 acetylation, leading to its degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and then delays cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganye Zhao
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chenzhong Xu
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Pengfeng Wang
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhaomeng Sun
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Limin Han
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tanjun Tong
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, 100191, China
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Liu F, Bu HF, Geng H, De Plaen IG, Gao C, Wang P, Wang X, Kurowski JA, Yang H, Qian J, Tan XD. Sirtuin-6 preserves R-spondin-1 expression and increases resistance of intestinal epithelium to injury in mice. Mol Med 2017; 23:272-284. [PMID: 29387864 PMCID: PMC5654826 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2017.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-6 (Sirt6) is a critical epigenetic regulator, but its function in the gut is unknown. Here, we studied the role of intestinal epithelial Sirt6 in colitis-associated intestinal epithelial injury. We found that Sirt6, which is predominantly expressed in epithelial cells in intestinal crypts, is decreased in colitis in both mice and humans. Colitis-derived inflammatory mediators including interferon-γ and reactive oxygen species strongly inhibited Sirt6 protein expression in young adult mouse colonocyte (YAMC) cells. The susceptibility of the cells to injurious insults was increased after knockdown of Sirt6 expression. In contrast, YAMC cells with Sirt6 overexpression exhibited more resistance to injurious insult. Furthermore, intestinal epithelial-specific Sirt6 (Sirt6IEC-KO) knockout mice exhibited greater susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. RNA sequencing transcriptome analysis revealed that inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α suppressed expression of R-spondin-1 (Rspo1, a critical growth factor for intestinal epithelial cells) in Sirt6-silenced YAMC cells in vitro. In addition, lipopolysaccharide was found to inhibit colonic Rspo1 expression in Sirt6IEC-KO mice but not their control littermates. Furthermore, Sirt6IEC-KO mice with DSS-induced colitis also exhibited in a significant decrease in Rspo1 expression in colons. In vitro, knockdown of Rspo1 attenuated the effect of ectopic expression of Sirt6 on protection of YAMC cells against cell death challenges. In conclusion, Sirt6 plays an important role in protecting intestinal epithelial cells against inflammatory injury in a mechanism associated with preserving Rspo1 levels in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Heng-Fu Bu
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hua Geng
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Isabelle G De Plaen
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Chao Gao
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xiao Wang
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jacob A Kurowski
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Research and Development, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Kato Y, Maeda T, Suzuki A, Baba Y. Cancer metabolism: New insights into classic characteristics. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2017; 54:8-21. [PMID: 29628997 PMCID: PMC5884251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial studies of cancer metabolism in the early 1920s found that cancer cells were phenotypically characterized by aerobic glycolysis, in that these cells favor glucose uptake and lactate production, even in the presence of oxygen. This property, called the Warburg effect, is considered a hallmark of cancer. The mechanism by which these cells acquire aerobic glycolysis has been uncovered. Acidic extracellular fluid, secreted by cancer cells, induces a malignant phenotype, including invasion and metastasis. Cancer cells survival depends on a critical balance of redox status, which is regulated by amino acid metabolism. Glutamine is extremely important for oxidative phosphorylation and redox regulation. Cells highly dependent on glutamine and that cannot survive with glutamine are called glutamine-addicted cells. Metabolic reprogramming has been observed in cancer stem cells, which have the property of self-renewal and are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These findings suggest that studies of cancer metabolism can reveal methods of preventing cancer recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Kato
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
- Corresponding author. Fax: +81 249328978.
| | - Toyonobu Maeda
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
| | - Atsuko Suzuki
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
| | - Yuh Baba
- Department of General Clinical Medicine, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
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The Oxidative State of Cysteine Thiol 144 Regulates the SIRT6 Glucose Homeostat. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11005. [PMID: 28887543 PMCID: PMC5591240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of glucose homeostasis plays a critical role in health and lifespan and its dysregulation contributes to inflammation, cancer and aging. NAD + dependent Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a glucose homeostasis regulator in animals and humans and its regulation at the molecular level is unknown. Here, we report that a cysteine thiol redox sensor contributes to the role of SIRT6 in controlling glucose homeostasis. Sulfenylation of SIRT6 occurs in THP1 cells and primary human promonocytes during inflammation and in splenocytes from mice with sepsis. Inhibiting xanthine oxidase, a major reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributor during acute inflammation, reduces sulfenylation of SIRT6, glucose transporter Glut1 expression, glucose uptake, and glycolysis. A block in glycolysis associated with monocyte deactivation by endotoxin, a process contributing to immunometabolic paralysis in human and mouse sepsis monocytes, can be reversed by increasing H2O2 and sulfenylating SIRT6. Mutation analysis of SIRT6 Cys144, which lies in its phylogenetically conserved zinc-associated Cys-X-X-Cys motif near the catalytic domain of the protein, decreases SIRT6 deacetylase activity and promotes glycolysis. These results suggest that direct and reversible cysteine thiol 144 may play a functional role in SIRT6-dependent control over monocyte glycolysis, an important determinant of effector innate immune responses.
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Liu J, Dias K, Plagnes-Juan E, Veron V, Panserat S, Marandel L. Long-term programming effect of embryonic hypoxia exposure and high-carbohydrate diet at first feeding on glucose metabolism in juvenile rainbow trout. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:3686-3694. [PMID: 28798080 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.161406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmental conditions experienced during early life play an important role in the long-term metabolic status of individuals. The present study investigated whether hypoxia exposure [for 24 h: 2.5 mg O2 l-1 (20% dissolved O2)] during the embryonic stage alone (hypoxic history) or combined with a 5-day high-carbohydrate (60%) diet stimulus at first feeding (HC dietary history) can affect glucose metabolism later in life, i.e. in juvenile fish. After 19 weeks of growth, we observed a decrease in final body mass in fish with an HC dietary history. Feed efficiency was significantly affected by both hypoxic and HC dietary histories. After a short challenge test (5 days) performed with a 30% carbohydrate diet in juvenile trout, our results also showed that, in trout that experienced hypoxic history, mRNA levels of gluconeogenic genes in liver and glucose transport genes in both liver and muscle were significantly increased at the juvenile stage. Besides, mRNA levels of glycolytic genes were decreased in fish with an HC dietary history. Both hypoxic and dietary histories barely affected plasma metabolites or global epigenetic modifications in juvenile fish after the challenge test. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that an acute hypoxic stimulus during early development alone or combined with a hyperglucidic stimulus at first feeding can modify growth performance and glucose metabolism at the molecular level in juvenile trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Liu
- INRA, Université de Pau et des pays de l'Adour, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Karine Dias
- INRA, Université de Pau et des pays de l'Adour, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan
- INRA, Université de Pau et des pays de l'Adour, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Vincent Veron
- INRA, Université de Pau et des pays de l'Adour, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRA, Université de Pau et des pays de l'Adour, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRA, Université de Pau et des pays de l'Adour, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Rodríguez A, Rusciano T, Hamilton R, Holmes L, Jordan D, Wollenberg Valero KC. Genomic and phenotypic signatures of climate adaptation in an Anolis lizard. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:6390-6403. [PMID: 28861242 PMCID: PMC5574798 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated knowledge on phenotype, physiology, and genomic adaptations is required to understand the effects of climate on evolution. The functional genomic basis of organismal adaptation to changes in the abiotic environment, its phenotypic consequences, and its possible convergence across vertebrates are still understudied. In this study, we use a comparative approach to verify predicted gene functions for vertebrate thermal adaptation with observed functions underlying repeated genomic adaptations in response to elevation in the lizard Anolis cybotes. We establish a direct link between recurrently evolved phenotypes and functional genomics of altitude-related climate adaptation in three highland and lowland populations in the Dominican Republic. We show that across vertebrates, genes contained in this interactome are expressed within the brain, the endocrine system, and during development. These results are relevant to elucidate the effect of global climate change across vertebrates and might aid in furthering insight into gene-environment relationships under disturbances to homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Rodríguez
- Zoological InstituteTechnical University of BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Present address:
Institute of ZoologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Tia Rusciano
- Department of Natural ScienceCollege of Science, Engineering and MathematicsBethune‐Cookman UniversityDaytona BeachFLUSA
| | - Rickeisha Hamilton
- Department of Natural ScienceCollege of Science, Engineering and MathematicsBethune‐Cookman UniversityDaytona BeachFLUSA
| | - Leondra Holmes
- Department of Natural ScienceCollege of Science, Engineering and MathematicsBethune‐Cookman UniversityDaytona BeachFLUSA
| | - Deidra Jordan
- School of Integrated Science and HumanityInternational Forensic Research InstituteFlorida International UniversityMiamiFLUSA
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Jiang L, Xiong J, Zhan J, Yuan F, Tang M, Zhang C, Cao Z, Chen Y, Lu X, Li Y, Wang H, Wang L, Wang J, Zhu WG, Wang H. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 7 (USP7)-mediated deubiquitination of the histone deacetylase SIRT7 regulates gluconeogenesis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13296-13311. [PMID: 28655758 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.780130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7), a member of the NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylases, is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes and in resisting various stresses, such as hypoxia, low glucose levels, and DNA damage. Interestingly, SIRT7 is linked to the control of glycolysis, suggesting a role in glucose metabolism. Given the important roles of SIRT7, it is critical to clarify how SIRT7 activity is potentially regulated. It has been reported that some transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are involved. However, little is known how SIRT7 is regulated by the post-translational modifications. Here, we identified ubiquitin-specific peptidase 7 (USP7), a deubiquitinase, as a negative regulator of SIRT7. We showed that USP7 interacts with SIRT7 both in vitro and in vivo, and we further demonstrated that SIRT7 undergoes endogenous Lys-63-linked polyubiquitination, which is removed by USP7. Although the USP7-mediated deubiquitination of SIRT7 had no effect on its stability, the deubiquitination repressed its enzymatic activity. We also showed that USP7 coordinates with SIRT7 to regulate the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC), a gluconeogenic gene. USP7 depletion by RNA interference increased both G6PC expression and SIRT7 enzymatic activity. Moreover, SIRT7 targeted the G6PC promoter through the transcription factor ELK4 but not through forkhead box O1 (FoxO1). In summary, SIRT7 is a USP7 substrate and has a novel role as a regulator of gluconeogenesis. Our study may provide the basis for new clinical approaches to treat metabolic disorders related to glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Jiannan Xiong
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Junsi Zhan
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Fengjie Yuan
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Ming Tang
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Chaohua Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Ziyang Cao
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Yongcan Chen
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Xiaopeng Lu
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Yinglu Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Hui Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Lina Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191 and
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, .,Peking-Tsinghua University Center for Life Science, and.,the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center,
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Li Y, Meng X, Wang W, Liu F, Hao Z, Yang Y, Zhao J, Yin W, Xu L, Zhao R, Hu J. Cardioprotective Effects of SIRT6 in a Mouse Model of Transverse Aortic Constriction-Induced Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2017; 8:394. [PMID: 28659816 PMCID: PMC5468374 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT6, a member of the NAD (+)-dependent class III deacetylase sirtuin family, plays important roles in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. Telomere shortening is a risk factor for age-associated diseases, including heart disease. In the present study, we investigated the role of SIRT6 and telomerase in a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced heart failure. SIRT6, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and telomere repeat binding factor (TRF)-1 were significantly downregulated in TAC mice compared with their expression in sham-operated mice. Lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of SIRT6 upregulated TERT and TRF1 and increased the survival of mice after TAC. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements as well as histological analyses indicated that SIRT6 overexpression attenuated TAC-induced heart dysfunction and decreased TAC-induced cardiac inflammatory responses, reducing cardiac fibrosis and decreasing infarct size. Taken together, our findings indicate that SIRT6 protects the myocardium against damage and this effect may be mediated by the modulation of telomeres. Our findings linking SIRT6 and telomere integrity in the heart warrant further investigation into the underlying mechanisms and support SIRT6 as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
| | - Xianda Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Dalian (Municipal) Friendship HospitalDalian, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
| | - Zhiru Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
| | - Wensi Yin
- Department of Institution of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tongji UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Department of Institution of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tongji UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ruiping Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China.,Tanslational Medicine Center, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Tanslational Medicine Center, Baotou Central HospitalBaotou, China
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Traba J, Sack MN. The role of caloric load and mitochondrial homeostasis in the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1777-1791. [PMID: 27942750 PMCID: PMC5391300 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sterile inflammation is a cornerstone of immune activation in obesity and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The molecular underpinnings of this inflammation include nutrient excess-mediated activation of the innate immune NLRP3 inflammasome. At the same time, disruption of mitochondrial integrity is emerging as an integral control node in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and is also associated with caloric overload conditions including obesity and diabetes. Conversely, caloric restriction and fasting mimetic interventions alleviate these caloric excess-linked diseases and reduce inflammation and the NLRP3 inflammasome. The objective of this review is to integrate the findings linking mitochondrial integrity to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and to evaluate how caloric restriction or caloric restriction mimetic compounds may play a role in attenuating the NLRP3 inflammasome and sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Traba
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, 10-CRC, Room 5-3150, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1454, USA
| | - Michael N Sack
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, 10-CRC, Room 5-3150, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1454, USA.
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Lee YL, Lin SK, Hou KL, Kok SH, Lai EHH, Wang HW, Chang JZC, Yang H, Hong CY. Sirtuin 6 attenuates periapical lesion propagation by modulating hypoxia-induced chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 production in osteoblasts. Int Endod J 2017; 51 Suppl 2:e74-e86. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-L. Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - S.-K. Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - K.-L. Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - S.-H. Kok
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - E. H.-H. Lai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - H.-W. Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - J. Z.-C. Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - H. Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - C.-Y. Hong
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Prosthodontics; School of Dentistry; China Medical University; Taichong Taiwan
- College of BioResources and Agriculture; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
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Abstract
The host defence against infection is an adaptive response in which several mechanisms are deployed to decrease the pathogen load, limit tissue injury and restore homeostasis. In the past few years new evidence has suggested that the ability of the immune system to limit the microbial burden - termed resistance - might not be the only defence mechanism. In fact, the capacity of the host to decrease its own susceptibility to inflammation- induced tissue damage - termed tolerance - might be as important as resistance in determining the outcome of the infection. Metabolic adaptations are central to the function of the cellular immune response. Coordinated reprogramming of metabolic signalling enables cells to execute resistance and tolerance pathways, withstand injury, steer tissue repair and promote organ recovery. During sepsis-induced acute kidney injury, early reprogramming of metabolism can determine the extent of organ dysfunction, progression to fibrosis, and the development of chronic kidney disease. Here we discuss the mechanisms of tolerance that act in the kidney during sepsis, with particular attention to the role of metabolic responses in coordinating these adaptive strategies. We suggest a novel conceptual model of the cellular and organic response to sepsis that might lead to new avenues for targeted, organ-protective therapies.
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Interplay between epigenetics and metabolism in oncogenesis: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Oncogene 2017; 36:3359-3374. [PMID: 28092669 PMCID: PMC5485177 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic and metabolic alterations in cancer cells are highly intertwined. Oncogene-driven metabolic rewiring modifies the epigenetic landscape via modulating the activities of DNA and histone modification enzymes at the metabolite level. Conversely, epigenetic mechanisms regulate the expression of metabolic genes, thereby altering the metabolome. Epigenetic-metabolomic interplay has a critical role in tumourigenesis by coordinately sustaining cell proliferation, metastasis and pluripotency. Understanding the link between epigenetics and metabolism could unravel novel molecular targets, whose intervention may lead to improvements in cancer treatment. In this review, we summarized the recent discoveries linking epigenetics and metabolism and their underlying roles in tumorigenesis; and highlighted the promising molecular targets, with an update on the development of small molecule or biologic inhibitors against these abnormalities in cancer.
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Wang H, Diao D, Shi Z, Zhu X, Gao Y, Gao S, Liu X, Wu Y, Rudolph KL, Liu G, Li T, Ju Z. SIRT6 Controls Hematopoietic Stem Cell Homeostasis through Epigenetic Regulation of Wnt Signaling. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 18:495-507. [PMID: 27058938 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proper regulation of Wnt signaling is critical for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. The epigenetic regulation of Wnt signaling in HSCs remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the histone deacetylase SIRT6 regulates HSC homeostasis through the transcriptional repression of Wnt target genes. Sirt6 deletion promoted HSC proliferation through aberrant activation of Wnt signaling. SIRT6-deficient HSCs exhibited impaired self-renewal ability in serial competitive transplantation assay. Mechanistically, SIRT6 inhibits the transcription of Wnt target genes by interacting with transcription factor LEF1 and deacetylating histone 3 at lysine 56. Pharmacological inhibition of the Wnt pathway rescued the aberrant proliferation and functional defect in SIRT6-deficient HSCs. Taken together, these findings disclose a new link between SIRT6 and Wnt signaling in the regulation of adult stem cell homeostasis and self-renewal capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wang
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Daojun Diao
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhencan Shi
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yawei Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - You Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - K Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Guanghui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tangliang Li
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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Expression Levels of Warburg-Effect Related microRNAs Correlate with each Other and that of Histone Deacetylase Enzymes in Adult Hematological Malignancies with Emphasis on Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 23:207-216. [PMID: 27864740 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of epigenetic regulation and characteristic metabolic alterations (known as the Warburg-effect) are well-known hallmarks of cancer. In our study we investigated the expression levels of microRNAs and histone deacetylase enzymes via RT-qPCR in bone marrow specimens of adult patients suffering from hematological malignancies (total cohort n = 40), especially acute myeloid leukemia (n = 27). The levels of the three examined Warburg-effect related microRNAs (miR-378*, miR-23b, miR-26a) positively correlated with each other and the oncogenic miR-155 and miR-125b, while negatively with the level of the tumorsuppressor miR-124. Significant relationships have been confirmed between the levels of SIRT6, HDAC4 and the microRNAs listed above. In NPM1-mutated AML (n = 6), the level of miR-125b was significantly lower than in the group of AML patients not carrying this mutation (n = 13) (p < 0.05). In M5 FAB type of AML (n = 5), the level of miR-124 was significantly higher compared to the M2 group (n = 7) (p < 0.05). In two cases of FAB M5 AML, the levels of SIRT6 and miR-26a increased during the first 4 weeks of treatment. In the total cohort, white blood cell count at the time of the diagnosis significantly correlated with the levels of HDAC4, SIRT6, miR-124 and miR-26a. Our results suggest that Warburg-effect related microRNAs may have important role in the pathogenesis of leukemia, and the potential oncogenic property of HDAC4 and SIRT6 cannot be excluded in hematological malignancies. Elevated level of miR-125b can contribute to adverse prognosis of AML without NPM1 mutation. The prevailment of the tumorsuppressor property of miR-124 may depend on the accompanying genetic alterations.
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Application of Targeted Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of Sirtuins in the Central Nervous System. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35391. [PMID: 27762282 PMCID: PMC5071856 DOI: 10.1038/srep35391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin proteins have a variety of intracellular targets, thereby regulating multiple biological pathways including neurodegeneration. However, relatively little is currently known about the role or expression of the 7 mammalian sirtuins in the central nervous system. Western blotting, PCR and ELISA are the main techniques currently used to measure sirtuin levels. To achieve sufficient sensitivity and selectivity in a multiplex-format, a targeted mass spectrometric assay was developed and validated for the quantification of all seven mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7). Quantification of all peptides was by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using three mass transitions per protein-specific peptide, two specific peptides for each sirtuin and a stable isotope labelled internal standard. The assay was applied to a variety of samples including cultured brain cells, mammalian brain tissue, CSF and plasma. All sirtuin peptides were detected in the human brain, with SIRT2 being the most abundant. Sirtuins were also detected in human CSF and plasma, and guinea pig and mouse tissues. In conclusion, we have successfully applied MRM mass spectrometry for the detection and quantification of sirtuin proteins in the central nervous system, paving the way for more quantitative and functional studies.
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Two tagSNPs rs352493 and rs3760908 within SIRT6 Gene Are Associated with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in a Chinese Han Population. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:1628041. [PMID: 27118880 PMCID: PMC4826929 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1628041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
SIRT6 has been demonstrated to exert protective effects on endothelial cells and is closely associated with lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and obesity, indicating an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). Nonetheless, the biological significance of SIRT6 variants on CAD is far to be elucidated. Here we aimed to investigate the influence of SIRT6 polymorphisms on individual susceptibility and severity of CAD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis exhibited no significant association between these five polymorphisms and CAD risk in the genotype and allele frequencies. However, we found that the rs352493 polymorphism in SIRT6 exhibited a significant effect on the severity of CAD; C allele (χ2 = 7.793, adjusted P = 0.013) and the combined CC/CT genotypes (χ2 = 5.609, adjusted P = 0.031) presented the greater CAD severity. In addition, A allele (χ2 = 5.208, adjusted P = 0.046) and AA (χ2 = 4.842, adjusted P = 0.054) of rs3760908 were also associated with greater CAD severity in Chinese subjects. Our data provided the first evidence that SIRT6 tagSNPs rs352493 and rs3760908 play significant roles in the severity of CAD in Chinese Han subjects, which might be useful predictors of the severity of CAD.
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Marandel L, Véron V, Surget A, Plagnes-Juan É, Panserat S. Glucose metabolism ontogenesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the light of the recently sequenced genome: new tools for intermediary metabolism programming. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:734-43. [PMID: 26747908 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.134304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a carnivorous fish species, displays a 'glucose-intolerant' phenotype when fed a high-carbohydrate diet. The importance of carbohydrate metabolism during embryogenesis and the timing of establishing this later phenotype are currently unclear. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the poor ability of carnivorous fish to use dietary carbohydrates as a major energy substrate are not well understood. It has recently been shown in trout that duplicated genes involved in glucose metabolism may participate in establishing the glucose-intolerant phenotype. The aim of this study was therefore to provide new understanding of glucose metabolism during ontogenesis and nutritional transition, taking into consideration the complexity of the trout genome. Trout were sampled at several stages of development from fertilization to hatching, and alevins were then fed a non-carbohydrate or a high-carbohydrate diet during first feeding. mRNA levels of all glucose metabolism-related genes increased in embryos during the setting up of the primitive liver. After the first meal, genes rapidly displayed expression patterns equivalent to those observed in the livers of juveniles. g6pcb2.a (a glucose 6-phosphatase-encoding gene) was up-regulated in alevins fed a high-carbohydrate diet, mimicking the expression pattern of gck genes. The g6pcb2.a gene may contribute to the non-inhibition of the last step of gluconeogenesis and thus to establishing the glucose-intolerant phenotype in trout fed a high-carbohydrate diet as early as first feeding. This information is crucial for nutritional programming investigations as it suggests that first feeding would be too late to programme glucose metabolism in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Marandel
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nutrition, Metabolism and Aquaculture Unit (UR1067), Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle F-64310, France
| | - Vincent Véron
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nutrition, Metabolism and Aquaculture Unit (UR1067), Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle F-64310, France
| | - Anne Surget
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nutrition, Metabolism and Aquaculture Unit (UR1067), Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle F-64310, France
| | - Élisabeth Plagnes-Juan
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nutrition, Metabolism and Aquaculture Unit (UR1067), Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle F-64310, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nutrition, Metabolism and Aquaculture Unit (UR1067), Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle F-64310, France
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Diaz-Ruiz A, Gonzalez-Freire M, Ferrucci L, Bernier M, de Cabo R. SIRT1 synchs satellite cell metabolism with stem cell fate. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 16:103-4. [PMID: 25658362 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of muscle stem cells modulates myogenic cell fate. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Ryall et al. (2015) show that SIRT1, a NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase, acts as an epigenetic regulator that connects changes in satellite cell metabolism with changes in the transcriptional machinery toward myogenic commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Azuma Y, Yokobori T, Mogi A, Altan B, Yajima T, Kosaka T, Onozato R, Yamaki E, Asao T, Nishiyama M, Kuwano H. SIRT6 expression is associated with poor prognosis and chemosensitivity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Surg Oncol 2015; 112:231-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.23975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Azuma
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Japan
- Department of Pharmacology and Oncology; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Japan
| | - Akira Mogi
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Japan
| | - Bolag Altan
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Japan
| | - Toshiki Yajima
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Japan
| | - Takayuki Kosaka
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Japan
| | - Ryoichi Onozato
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Japan
| | - Ei Yamaki
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development; Gunma University; Maebashi Japan
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Oncology; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Japan
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McGlynn LM, McCluney S, Jamieson NB, Thomson J, MacDonald AI, Oien K, Dickson EJ, Carter CR, McKay CJ, Shiels PG. SIRT3 & SIRT7: Potential Novel Biomarkers for Determining Outcome in Pancreatic Cancer Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131344. [PMID: 26121130 PMCID: PMC4487247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The sirtuin gene family has been linked with tumourigenesis, in both a tumour promoter and suppressor capacity. Information regarding the function of sirtuins in pancreatic cancer is sparse and equivocal. We undertook a novel study investigating SIRT1-7 protein expression in a cohort of pancreatic tumours. The aim of this study was to establish a protein expression profile for SIRT1-7 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) and to determine if there were associations between SIRT1-7 expression, clinico-pathological parameters and patient outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of SIRT1-7 protein levels was undertaken in a tissue micro-array comprising 77 resected PDACs. Statistical analyses determined if SIRT1-7 protein expression was associated with clinical parameters or outcome. RESULTS Two sirtuin family members demonstrated significant associations with clinico-pathological parameters and patient outcome. Low level SIRT3 expression in the tumour cytoplasm correlated with more aggressive tumours, and a shorter time to relapse and death, in the absence of chemotherapeutic intervention. Low levels of nuclear SIRT7 expression were also associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype and poorer outcome, as measured by disease-free and disease-specific survival time, 12 months post-diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that SIRT3 and SIRT7 possess tumour suppressor properties in the context of pancreatic cancer. SIRT3 may also represent a novel predictive biomarker to determine which patients may or may not respond to chemotherapy. This study opens up an interesting avenue of investigation to potentially identify predictive biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer, a disease that has seen no significant improvement in survival over the past 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane M. McGlynn
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon McCluney
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel B. Jamieson
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Academic Department of Surgery, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Thomson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karin Oien
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Pathology, Wolfson Building, Beatson Labs, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Euan J. Dickson
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - C. Ross Carter
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. McKay
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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50
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Salminen A, Haapasalo A, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K, Soininen H, Hiltunen M. Impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Impact on pathogenesis via disturbed epigenetic regulation of chromatin landscape. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 131:1-20. [PMID: 26001589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid cascade hypothesis for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was proposed over twenty years ago. However, the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and synaptic loss have remained elusive delaying the effective drug discovery. Recent studies have revealed that amyloid-β peptides as well as phosphorylated and fragmented tau proteins accumulate within mitochondria. This process triggers mitochondrial fission (fragmentation) and disturbs Krebs cycle function e.g. by inhibiting the activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. Oxidative stress, hypoxia and calcium imbalance also disrupt the function of Krebs cycle in AD brains. Recent studies on epigenetic regulation have revealed that Krebs cycle intermediates control DNA and histone methylation as well as histone acetylation and thus they have fundamental roles in gene expression. DNA demethylases (TET1-3) and histone lysine demethylases (KDM2-7) are included in the family of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases (2-OGDO). Interestingly, 2-oxoglutarate is the obligatory substrate of 2-OGDO enzymes, whereas succinate and fumarate are the inhibitors of these enzymes. Moreover, citrate can stimulate histone acetylation via acetyl-CoA production. Epigenetic studies have revealed that AD is associated with changes in DNA methylation and histone acetylation patterns. However, the epigenetic results of different studies are inconsistent but one possibility is that they represent both coordinated adaptive responses and uncontrolled stochastic changes, which provoke pathogenesis in affected neurons. Here, we will review the changes observed in mitochondrial dynamics and Krebs cycle function associated with AD, and then clarify the mechanisms through which mitochondrial metabolites can control the epigenetic landscape of chromatin and induce pathological changes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029 KYS, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029 KYS, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029 KYS, Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029 KYS, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029 KYS, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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