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Qiu Y, Ruan H. Supercritical CO 2 extraction, chemical composition, and antioxidant effects of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. oleoresin. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:816-826. [PMID: 35993096 PMCID: PMC9360582 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. was used to extract oleoresin through supercritical CO2 extraction technology. The extraction conditions were optimized using response surface methodology, and the chemical composition of C. tinctoria Nutt. oleoresin (CTO) was analyzed. Under the optimal conditions, the antioxidant activity of oleoresin was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH˙) and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS˙+) free radical scavenging assays. The optimal extraction conditions were a 27.5 MPa extraction pressure, a 45°C extraction temperature, and a 3 h extraction time. Under these extraction conditions, oleoresin yield was up to 3.163%. Compared to steam distillation extraction, the CTO extracted using supercritical CO2 had more abundant components. The EC50 of CTO for DPPH˙ and ABTS˙+ free radical scavengers was 1.54 and 1.07 mg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Qiu
- Department of Application Engineering, Zhejiang Institute of Economics and Trade, Xuelin Rd. 280, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Hui Ruan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.,Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Qianhunan Rd. 1, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
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2
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Lee SW, Said NS, Sarbon NM. The effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of chicken skin gelatin/tapioca starch composite films in food packaging. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:4294-4302. [PMID: 34538912 PMCID: PMC8405740 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize chicken skin gelatin/tapioca starch composite films with varying concentrations (0-5%) of zinc oxide nanoparticles using the casting technique. The incorporation of 5% zinc oxide nanoparticles increased the water vapor permeation (1.52-1.93 × 10-7 gmm/cm2hPa) and melting temperature of the films. The tensile strength (22.96-50.43 MPa) was increased, while elongation at break decreased with increasing concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The structures of the films were also investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The inhibitory zones for both the gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) (16-20 mm) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) (15-20 mm) bacteria were larger in the film with 5% zinc oxide. Overall, chicken skin gelatin-tapioca starch composite films with 3% zinc oxide nanoparticles were found to have the optimal formulation, demonstrating good physical, mechanical and antibacterial properties. Gelatin-based composite films with nanoparticle incorporation show strong potential for use in biodegradable food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Lee
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia
| | - N. S. Said
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia
| | - N. M. Sarbon
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia
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Hume M, Sohail MU. Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis-Polymerase Chain Reaction Comparison of Chitosan Effects on Anaerobic Cultures of Broiler Cecal Bacteria and Salmonella Typhimurium. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:246-252. [PMID: 29319340 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogen colonization and product contamination are major poultry industry problems. The emergence of antibiotic resistance, and associated risks to human health, is limiting the use of antibiotics as first-line defense against enteropathogens in poultry. The chitin derivative, chitosan, has drawn substantial attention for its bactericidal properties. Different molecular weight (MW) chitosans can have varied effects against different bacteria in monoculture. In the current study, cecal contents from each of three market-age broilers and Salmonella Typhimurium, as indicator enteropathogen, were exposed to in vitro anaerobic culture to three chitosan preparations (0.08%, wt/vol), low (LMW), medium (MMW), and coarse (CMW). Effects of chitosan and the carrier solvent acetic acid, on cecal bacteria and Salmonella, were examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and Salmonella enumeration. Bacterial profiles for the three cecal contents were shown by DGGE to be very different. Each of the three cecal contents grown in the presence of 0.08% acetic acid was very different from the same contents grown without the chitosan solvent. Culturing cecal contents in the presence of chitosan altered the bacterial DGGE profiles from the control and acetic acid-only cultures. The DGGE chitosan-treated profiles for all three cecal sources were identical to each other regardless of the MW chitosan in the culture medium. Compared with Salmonella in monoculture, Salmonella decreased (p < 0.05) by about 1.5 log CFU/mL when grown in mixed culture with cecal contents. Salmonella monocultures in the presence of 0.08% of the chitosan solvent acetic acid decreased (p < 0.05) counts by almost 3.5 log CFU/mL. Combining acetic acid and cecal contents reduced (p < 0.05) Salmonella by 7 log CFU/mL. Adding the chitosan preparations to the mixtures reduced (p < 0.05) Salmonella by 8 log CFU/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hume
- 1 Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Area Research Center , Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - Muhammad Umar Sohail
- 2 Department of Physiology, Government College University , Faisalabad, Pakistan .,3 Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University , Al Jamiaa St, Doha, Qatar
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Şapcı H, Vural C, Özcan S. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activity of Echinops emiliae (Asteraceae). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2017. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.375102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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5
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Antimicrobial activity of new dumbbell-shaped phenothiazine cinnamides. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Youssef AM, EL-Sayed SM, EL-Sayed HS, Salama HH, Dufresne A. Enhancement of Egyptian soft white cheese shelf life using a novel chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/zinc oxide bionanocomposite film. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Won KH, Song KD, Park JE, Kim DK, Na CS. Identification of Gene Expression Signatures in the Chicken Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in Response to Herb Additive Supplementations. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1515-21. [PMID: 26954117 PMCID: PMC5003979 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anethole and garlic have an immune modulatory effects on avian coccidiosis, and these effects are correlated with gene expression changes in intestinal epithelial lymphocytes (IELs). In this study, we integrated gene expression datasets from two independent experiments and investigated gene expression profile changes by anethole and garlic respectively, and identified gene expression signatures, which are common targets of these herbs as they might be used for the evaluation of the effect of plant herbs on immunity toward avian coccidiosis. We identified 4,382 and 371 genes, which were differentially expressed in IELs of chickens supplemented with garlic and anethole respectively. The gene ontology (GO) term of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from garlic treatment resulted in the biological processes (BPs) related to proteolysis, e.g., "modification-dependent protein catabolic process", "proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process", "cellular protein catabolic process", "protein catabolic process", and "ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process". In GO analysis, one BP term, "Proteolysis", was obtained. Among DEGs, 300 genes were differentially regulated in response to both garlic and anethole, and 234 and 59 genes were either up- or down-regulated in supplementation with both herbs. Pathway analysis resulted in enrichment of the pathways related to digestion such as "Starch and sucrose metabolism" and "Insulin signaling pathway". Taken together, the results obtained in the present study could contribute to the effective development of evaluation system of plant herbs based on molecular signatures related with their immunological functions in chicken IELs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jong-Eun Park
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | | | - Chong-Sam Na
- Corresponding Author: Chong-Sam Na. Tel: +82-63-270-2607, Fax: +82-31-270-2614, E-mail:
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8
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Ganjre A, Kathariya R, Bagul N, Pawar V. Anti-carcinogenic and Anti-bacterial Properties of Selected Spices: Implications in Oral Health. Clin Nutr Res 2015; 4:209-15. [PMID: 26566515 PMCID: PMC4641982 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2015.4.4.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
"Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food", as said by the father of medicine, Hippocrates in 431 B.C. Nature has provided us with a variety of treatment modalities in the form of food. For the first 5,000 years of civilization, humans relied on herbs and foods for medicine. Only in the past 60 years have we forgotten our medicinal "roots" in favor of patented medicines. While pharmaceutical ingredients have their value, we should not overlook the well-documented, non-toxic and inexpensive healing properties of food. As an individual we consume food several times a day without a complete understanding of its innate qualities. As part of a daily diet, food plays a significant role in helping our bodies function at their best. There are hundreds of extremely nutritious foods, but the items in this article do more than providing healthy nutrients. Many of them consist of ingredients with hidden pharmaceutical qualities ranging from anti-inflammatory to anti-carcinogenic agent. They not only boost our innate immunity but also act as an adjunct to medicines for specific treatment. Prevention and management of symptoms can often be improved significantly through the foods we consume regularly. This paper overviews these beneficial traits of food ingredients, consumed on a daily basis, in various oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Ganjre
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018 Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Kathariya
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Dr. D. Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018 Maharashtra, India
| | - Neeta Bagul
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018 Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek Pawar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. D. Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018 Maharashtra, India
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Youssef AM, El-Sayed SM, Salama HH, El-Sayed HS, Dufresne A. Evaluation of bionanocomposites as packaging material on properties of soft white cheese during storage period. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 132:274-85. [PMID: 26256350 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel bionanocomposites based on chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/titanium nanoparticles (CS/PVA/TiO2 nanocomposite) were prepared and used as packaging materials for soft white cheese. The prepared bionanocomposites were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM and FT-IR. The CS/PVA/TiO2 bionanocomposites exhibited good mechanical properties. Furthermore, the obtained bionanocomposites exhibited superior antibacterial activity against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus), gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) bacteria and fungi (Candidia albicans). The soft white cheese was manufactured and packaged within the CS/PVA/TiO2 nanocomposite films and stored at 7 °C for 30 days. The color, rheological and chemical properties of cheese were evaluated, also the influence of CS/PVA/TiO2 bionanocomposites on microbiological analysis of soft white cheese was assessed, the results indicated that the total bacterial counts, mold & yeast and coliform decreased with the increasing storage period and disappeared at the end of storage period compared with control. Consequently, CS/PVA/TiO2 bionanocomposite can be used in food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Youssef
- Packing and Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Samah M El-Sayed
- Dairy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba H Salama
- Dairy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda S El-Sayed
- Dairy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - A Dufresne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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10
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Vosmanská V, Kolářová K, Rimpelová S, Kolská Z, Švorčík V. Antibacterial wound dressing: plasma treatment effect on chitosan impregnation and in situ synthesis of silver chloride on cellulose surface. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-step modification of cellulose for production of wound dressing with antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Vosmanská
- Department of Solid State Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Dejvice
- Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kolářová
- Department of Solid State Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Dejvice
- Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology
- Institute of Chemical Technology Prague
- Dejvice
- Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Kolská
- Faculty of Science
- J. E. Purkyně University
- 400 96 Ústí nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Václav Švorčík
- Department of Solid State Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Dejvice
- Czech Republic
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11
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Scientific Opinion on the risk posed by pathogens in food of non‐animal origin. Part 2 (Salmonella, Yersinia, Shigella and Norovirus in bulb and stem vegetables, and carrots). EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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12
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Expression and purification of cyto-insectotoxin (Cit1a) using silkworm larvae targeting for an antimicrobial therapeutic agent. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6973-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Jing L, Lei Z, Li L, Xie R, Xi W, Guan Y, Sumner LW, Zhou Z. Antifungal Activity of Citrus Essential Oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3011-3033. [PMID: 24628448 DOI: 10.1021/jf5006148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Citrus essential oils (CEOs) are a mixture of volatile compounds consisting mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons and are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of their antifungal activities. To face the challenge of growing public awareness and concern about food and health safety, studies concerning natural biopreservatives have become the focus of multidisciplinary research efforts. In the past decades, a large amount of literature has been published on the antifungal activity of CEOs. This paper reviews the advances of research on CEOs and focuses on their in vitro and food antifungal activities, chemical compositions of CEOs, and the methods used in antifungal assessment. Furthermore, the antifungal bioactive components in CEOs and their potential mechanism of action are summarized. Finally, the applications of CEOs in the food industry are discussed in an attempt to provide new information for future utilization of CEOs in modern industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jing
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, United States
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, United States
| | - Ligai Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rangjin Xie
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southwest University , Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu Guan
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated TCM University , Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, United States
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
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Tabuchi M, Hayakawa S, Honda E, Ooshima K, Itoh T, Yoshida K, Park AM, Higashino H, Isemura M, Munakata H. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses transforming growth factor-beta signaling by interacting with the transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor. World J Exp Med 2013; 3:100-107. [DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v3.i4.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) binding to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type II receptor (TGFRII).
METHODS: The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was used as a marker for fibrotic change in human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells. The α-SMA expression level was determined by western blotting and immunohistological analysis. We examined whether the anti-fibrotic effects of EGCG on MRC-5 cells was dependent on antioxidant mechanism by using edaravone and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The suppression effects of EGCG on Smad2/3 activation were studied by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The binding of EGCG to recombinant TGFRII protein was analyzed by immunoprecipitation and affinity chromatography.
RESULTS: When MRC-5 cells were treated with TGF-β, EGCG decreased the expression of α-SMA in a dose dependent manner, whereas catechin did not influence the α-SMA expression in the cells. Except for EGCG, antioxidant compounds (e.g., edaravone and NAC) had no effects on the TGF-β-induced α-SMA expression. Nuclear localization of phosphorylated Smad2/3 was observed after TGF-β treatment; however, EGCG treatment attenuated the nuclear transportation of Smad2/3 in the presence or absence of TGF-β. After a TGFRII expression vector was introduced into COS-7 cells, cell lysates were untreated or treated with EGCG or catechin. The immunoprecipitation experiments using the lysates showed that EGCG dose-dependently bound to TGFRIIand that catechin did not at all. Affinity chromatography study indicated that EGCG would bind to TGFRII.
CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that EGCG interacts with TGFRII and inhibits the expression of α-SMA via the TGF-β-Smad2/3 pathway in human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells.
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Bansal S, Choudhary S, Sharma M, Kumar SS, Lohan S, Bhardwaj V, Syan N, Jyoti S. Tea: A native source of antimicrobial agents. Food Res Int 2013. [PMCID: PMC7126541 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most popular nonalcoholic beverages, consumed by over two-thirds of the world's population because of its refreshing, mild stimulant and medicinal properties. It is processed in different ways in different parts of the world to give green, black, oolong, and pu-erh tea. Among all tea polyphenols, epigallocatechin-3-gallate has been responsible for much of the health promoting abilities of tea including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumour, anti-oxidative, protection from cardiovascular disease, anti-obesity, and anti-aging properties. In the present review, the antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities of different types of tea and their polyphenols are reported, highlighting their mechanisms of action and structure–activity relationship. Moreover, considering that the changing patterns of infectious diseases and the emergence of microbial strains resistant to current antibiotics, there is an urgent need to find out new potent antimicrobial agents as adjuvants to antibiotic therapy. The synergistic effect of tea polyphenols in combination with conventional antimicrobial agents against clinical multidrug-resistant microorganisms has also been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bansal
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Corresponding author. Tel.: + 91 1792 239219; fax: + 91 1792 245362.
| | - Shivani Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Suthar Sharad Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Lohan
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Varun Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Navneet Syan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ganpati Institute of Pharmacy, Bilaspur, Haryana, India
| | - Saras Jyoti
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Samarakoon K, Senevirathne M, Lee WW, Kim YT, Kim JI, Oh MC, Jeon YJ. Antibacterial effect of citrus press-cakes dried by high speed and far-infrared radiation drying methods. Nutr Res Pract 2012; 6:187-94. [PMID: 22808341 PMCID: PMC3395782 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2012.6.3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antibacterial effect was evaluated to determine the benefits of high speed drying (HSD) and far-infrared radiation drying (FIR) compared to the freeze drying (FD) method. Citrus press-cakes (CPCs) are released as a by-product in the citrus processing industry. Previous studies have shown that the HSD and FIR drying methods are much more economical for drying time and mass drying than those of FD, even though FD is the most qualified drying method. The disk diffusion assay was conducted, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined with methanol extracts of the dried CPCs against 11 fish and five food-related pathogenic bacteria. The disk diffusion results indicated that the CPCs dried by HSD, FIR, and FD prevented growth of all tested bacteria almost identically. The MIC and MBC results showed a range from 0.5-8.0 mg/mL and 1.0-16.0 mg/mL respectively. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the extracts changed the morphology of the bacteria cell wall, leading to destruction. These results suggest that CPCs dried by HSD and FIR showed strong antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria and are more useful drying methods than that of the classic FD method in CPCs utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpa Samarakoon
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 1 Ara-dong, Jeju-si, Jeju 690-756, Korea
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Improved resistance to Eimeria acervulina infection in chickens due to dietary supplementation with garlic metabolites. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:76-88. [PMID: 22717023 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a compound including the secondary metabolites of garlic, propyl thiosulphinate (PTS) and propyl thiosulphinate oxide (PTSO), on the in vitro and in vivo parameters of chicken gut immunity during experimental Eimeria acervulina infection were evaluated. In in vitro assays, the compound comprised of PTSO (67 %) and PTS (33 %) dose-dependently killed invasive E. acervulina sporozoites and stimulated higher spleen cell proliferation. Broiler chickens continuously fed from hatch with PTSO/PTS compound-supplemented diet and orally challenged with live E. acervulina oocysts had increased body weight gain, decreased faecal oocyst excretion and greater E. acervulina profilin antibody responses, compared with chickens fed a non-supplemented diet. Differential gene expression by microarray hybridisation identified 1227 transcripts whose levels were significantly altered in the intestinal lymphocytes of PTSO/PTS-fed birds compared with non-supplemented controls (552 up-regulated, 675 down-regulated). Biological pathway analysis identified the altered transcripts as belonging to the categories 'Disease and Disorder' and 'Physiological System Development and Function'. In the former category, the most significant function identified was 'Inflammatory Response', while the most significant function in the latter category was 'Cardiovascular System Development and Function'. This new information documents the immunologic and genomic changes that occur in chickens following PTSO/PTS dietary supplementation, which are relevant to protective immunity during avian coccidiosis.
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