1
|
Zhang Y, Chung WK, Moon SH, Lee JG, Om AS. Comparison of Antibacterial Activities of Korean Pine ( Pinus densiflora) Needle Steam Distillation Extract on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Focusing on Membrane Fluidity and Genes Involved in Membrane Lipids and Stress. Molecules 2023; 29:165. [PMID: 38202748 PMCID: PMC10779765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial activity and mechanism of Pinus densiflora extracts against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. The growth inhibition tests of paper diffusion and optical density exhibited that the extracts have potent antibacterial potentials against foodborne pathogens. The measurement of membrane fluidity by fluorescence polarization has indicated that one of the antibacterial mechanisms involves the disruption of membrane integrity resulting in an increase in the membrane fluidity in both of E. coli and S. aureus. The alteration of fatty acid composition was accompanied by the disturbance of membranes thus shifting the proportion of saturated verses unsaturated fatty acids or trans fatty acids from 1.27:1 to 1.35:1 in E. coli and 1.47:1 to 2.31:1 in S. aureus, most likely to compensate for the increased membrane fluidity by means of a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids which is known to render rigidity in membranes. Realtime q-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis of fatty acid synthetic genes and bacterial stress genes revealed that there was minimal influence of P. densiflora extracts on fatty acid genes except for fab I and the stress rpos in E. coli, and relatively greater impact on fatty acid genes and the stress sigB in S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ae-Son Om
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea; (Y.Z.); (W.-K.C.); (S.-H.M.); (J.-G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vishnu J, Kesavan P, Shankar B, Dembińska K, Swiontek Brzezinska M, Kaczmarek-Szczepańska B. Engineering Antioxidant Surfaces for Titanium-Based Metallic Biomaterials. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:344. [PMID: 37504839 PMCID: PMC10381466 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged inflammation induced by orthopedic metallic implants can critically affect the success rates, which can even lead to aseptic loosening and consequent implant failure. In the case of adverse clinical conditions involving osteoporosis, orthopedic trauma and implant corrosion-wear in peri-implant region, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity is enhanced which leads to increased oxidative stress. Metallic implant materials (such as titanium and its alloys) can induce increased amount of ROS, thereby critically influencing the healing process. This will consequently affect the bone remodeling process and increase healing time. The current review explores the ROS generation aspects associated with Ti-based metallic biomaterials and the various surface modification strategies developed specifically to improve antioxidant aspects of Ti surfaces. The initial part of this review explores the ROS generation associated with Ti implant materials and the associated ROS metabolism resulting in the formation of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide radicals. This is followed by a comprehensive overview of various organic and inorganic coatings/materials for effective antioxidant surfaces and outlook in this research direction. Overall, this review highlights the critical need to consider the aspects of ROS generation as well as oxidative stress while designing an implant material and its effective surface engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jithin Vishnu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri Campus, Clappana 690525, India
| | - Praveenkumar Kesavan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Balakrishnan Shankar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri Campus, Clappana 690525, India
| | - Katarzyna Dembińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeong SY, Choi WS, Kwon OS, Lee JS, Son SY, Lee CH, Lee S, Song JY, Lee YJ, Lee JY. Extract of Pinus densiflora needles suppresses acute inflammation by regulating inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 macrophages and mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1148-1159. [PMID: 35695008 PMCID: PMC9196672 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2079679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. (Pinaceae) needle extracts ameliorate oxidative stress, but research into their anti-inflammatory effects is limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of a Pinus densiflora needles (PINE) ethanol extract in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells at various PINE concentrations (25, 50 and 100 μg/mL; but 6.25, 12.5 and 25 μg/mL for interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)). Thirty ICR mice were randomized to six groups: vehicle, control, PINE pre-treatment (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/left ear for 10 min followed by arachidonic acid treatment for 30 min) and dexamethasone. The posttreatment ear thickness and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. RESULTS PINE 100 μg/mL significantly decreased ROS (IC50, 70.93 μg/mL, p < 0.01), SOD (IC50, 30.99 μg/mL, p < 0.05), malondialdehyde (p < 0.01), nitric oxide (NO) (IC50, 27.44 μg/mL, p < 0.01) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (p < 0.05) levels. Interleukin-1β (p < 0.05) and PGE2 (p < 0.01) release decreased significantly with 25 μg/mL PINE. PINE 1 mg/ear inhibited LPS-stimulated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase in RAW264.7 macrophages and significantly inhibited ear oedema (36.73-15.04% compared to the control, p < 0.01) and MPO activity (167.94-105.59%, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS PINE exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators. Identified flavonoids such as taxifolin and quercetin glucoside can be attributed to effect of PINE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Yong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Seong Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang K, Ma J, Gangurde SS, Hou L, Xia H, Li N, Pan J, Tian R, Huang H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhao C. Targeted metabolome analysis reveals accumulation of metabolites in testa of four peanut germplasms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:992124. [PMID: 36186006 PMCID: PMC9523574 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important source of edible oil and protein. Peanut testa (seed coat) provides protection for seeds and serves as a carrier for diversity metabolites necessary for human health. There is significant diversity available for testa color in peanut germplasms. However, the kinds and type of metabolites in peanut testa has not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we performed metabolite profiling using UPLC-MS/MS for four peanut germplasm lines with different testa colors, including pink, purple, red, and white. A total of 85 metabolites were identified in four peanuts. Comparative metabolomics analysis identified 78 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Some metabolites showed significant correlation with other metabolites. For instance, proanthocyanidins were positively correlated with cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside and malvin, and negatively correlated with pelargonidin-3-glucoside. We observed that the total proanthocyanidins are most abundant in pink peanut variety WH10. The red testa accumulated more isoflavones, flavonols and anthocyanidins compared with that in pink testa. These results provided valuable information about differential accumulation of metabolites in testa with different color, which are helpful for further investigation of the molecular mechanism underlying biosynthesis and accumulation of these metabolites in peanut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Sunil S. Gangurde
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Lei Hou
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Han Xia
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Nana Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaowen Pan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Ruizheng Tian
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Huailing Huang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yindong Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A GA and SVM Classification Model for Pine Wilt Disease Detection Using UAV-Based Hyperspectral Imagery. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), is a global destructive threat to forests and has led to serious economic losses all over the world. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a feasible and effective method to accurately monitor and estimate PWD infection. In this study, we used hyperspectral imagery (HI) collected by an unmanned airship with a hyperspectral imaging spectrometer to detect PWD in healthy, early, middle and serious infection stages. To avoid massive calculations on the full spectral dimensions of the HI, 16 spectral features were extracted from the HI, and a genetic algorithm (GA) was implemented to identify the optimal ones with the least fitness. Simultaneously, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was established to predict the PWD infection stage for an individual pine tree. The following results were obtained: (1) the spectral characteristics for pine trees in different PWD infection stages were distinctive in the green region (510–580 nm), red edge (680–760 nm) and near-infrared (780–1000 nm) spectra; (2) the six optimal spectral features (Dgreen, SDgreen, Dred, DRE, DNIR, SDNIR) selected with the GA effectively distinguished the PWD infection stages of pine trees with a lower calculation cost; (3) compared with the traditional classifiers, such as k-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF) and single SVM, the proposed GA and SVM classifier achieved the highest overall accuracy (95.24%) and Kappa coefficient (0.9234). The approach could also be employed for monitoring and detecting other forest pests.
Collapse
|
6
|
Vilkickyte G, Petrikaite V, Pukalskas A, Sipailiene A, Raudone L. Exploring Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. as a potential source of therapeutic agents: antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts and fractions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115207. [PMID: 35306039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (lingonberry) leaves and fruits have traditionally been used in Asian and European countries as a natural solution for urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal distress, neurodegenerative diseases, and related inflammatory disorders, which are overall associated with free radical damage and presence of triggering pathogenic strains in the human body. Considering growing attention to natural products, there are not enough scientific data to confirm predominant specialized metabolites, responsible for the traditional therapeutic use of lingonberries. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed at an in-depth study of specialized metabolite profiling and biological activity evaluation of lingonberry crude extracts and isolated fractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Crude dry extracts and fractions from lingonberry leaves and fruits were analyzed by the UPLC-MS method. Potential inhibiting properties against different bacterial strains and hyaluronidase, ability to scavenge hydrogen peroxide, and effect on its production in a macrophage culture J774 were examined. RESULTS Findings suggested the tentative presence of 59 compounds, mainly phenolics, displayed higher bioactivities of particular fractions than that of crude extracts and elucidated particular compounds as candidates in pharmaceuticals. Trimeric and dimeric proanthocyanidins from lingonberry leaves and fruits were shown to have the strongest antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed specialized metabolites responsible for the traditional medicinal properties of lingonberries and pointed out demand for further purification and new research directions of proanthocyanidins in the frame of their multipharmacological perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Vilkickyte
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Vilma Petrikaite
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Audrius Pukalskas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu rd. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Ausra Sipailiene
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu rd. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Lina Raudone
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162, Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim KC, Sin SI, Ri MR, Jo CH, Mun SH. Effect of dietary Pinus densiflora bark extract on activity and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzyme in weaning piglets. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
8
|
Guo Y, Huang S, Zhao L, Zhang J, Ji C, Ma Q. Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) Needle Extract Supplementation Improves Performance, Egg Quality, Serum Parameters, and the Gut Microbiome in Laying Hens. Front Nutr 2022; 9:810462. [PMID: 35223952 PMCID: PMC8868045 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.810462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) needle extract (PNE) on gastrointestinal disorders and oxidative stress have been widely investigated using experimental models; however, the functions and mechanisms of these effects in chicken models remain unknown. We investigated the effects of Masson PNE supplementation on performance, egg quality, serum parameters, and the gut microbiome in laying hens. A total of 60 healthy 50-week-old Peking Pink laying hens with similar body conditions and egg production were randomly divided into the control (CON) (0 mg/kg PNE), PNE100 (100 mg/kg PNE), PNE200 (200 mg/kg PNE), and PNE400 (400 mg/kg PNE) groups, with fifteen replicates per treatment and one hen per replicate. Compared with the CON group, egg mass, feed conversion ratios, and yolk weight were significantly increased (p < 0.01) in the PNE100 group. Dietary supplementation of 100 mg/kg PNE increased the serum total protein, albumin, and glucose concentrations (p < 0.01) and decreased the alanine aminotransferase activity (p < 0.05) compared with those of the CONs. Hens in the PNE100 group had reduced serum malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.05) and increased catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities (p < 0.01) compared with those of the CON group. Serum proinflammatory cytokine concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were lower (p < 0.01) and the IL-10 level was higher (p < 0.01) in the PNE100 group than in the CON group. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, and IgM concentrations were increased in the PNE100 group (p < 0.01). The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased, while the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were decreased in the PNE100 group. The relative abundances of Vibrio, Shewanella, and Lactobacillus were decreased, while the relative abundances of unclassified_o_Bacteroidales, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, unclassified_f_Rikenellaceae, and Butyricicoccaceae were increased in the PNE100 group compared with those of the CON group. PNE supplementation at 100 mg/kg improved the diversity and structure of the gut microbial composition, production performance, egg quality, and serum parameters of laying hens. The laying hens in this study had good production performance when supplemented with 100 mg/kg PNE.
Collapse
|
9
|
Dziedziński M, Kobus-Cisowska J, Stachowiak B. Pinus Species as Prospective Reserves of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Use in Functional Food-Current State of Knowledge. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1306. [PMID: 34203162 PMCID: PMC8309100 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pine (Pinus L.) is the largest and most heteromorphic plant genus of the pine family (Pinaceae Lindl.), which grows almost exclusively in the northern hemisphere. The demand for plant-based remedies, supplements and functional food is growing worldwide. Although pine-based products are widely available in many parts of the world, they are almost absent as food ingredients. The literature shows the beneficial effects of pine preparations on human health. Despite the wide geographical distribution of pine trees in the natural environment, there are very few data in the literature on the widespread use of pine in food technology. This study aims to present, characterise and evaluate the content of phytochemicals in pine trees, including shoots, bark and conifer needles, as well as to summarise the available data on their health-promoting and functional properties, and the potential of their use in food and the pharmaceutical industry to support health. Various species of pine tree contain different compositions of bioactive compounds. Regardless of the solvent, method, pine species and plant part used, all pine extracts contain a high number of polyphenols. Pine tree extracts exhibit several described biological activities that may be beneficial to human health. The available examples of the application of pine elements in food are promising. The reuse of residual pine elements is still limited compared to its potential. In this case, it is necessary to conduct more research to find and develop new products and applications of pine residues and by-products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Dziedziński
- Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Kobus-Cisowska
- Department of Technology of Plant Origin Food, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.-C.); (B.S.)
| | - Barbara Stachowiak
- Department of Technology of Plant Origin Food, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.-C.); (B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Park C, Park J, Kim WJ, Kim W, Cheong H, Kim SJ. Malonic Acid Isolated from Pinus densiflora Inhibits UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in HaCaT Keratinocytes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050816. [PMID: 33799974 PMCID: PMC7961482 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is caused by exposure to various external factors. Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces oxidative stress, photoaging, and inflammation in skin cells. Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. (red pine) has various antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of red pine on skin have rarely been reported. The protective effects of malonic acid (MA) isolated from Pinus densiflora were investigated against UVB-induced damage in an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). MA increased levels of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) via activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), resulting in a reduction in UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Additionally, the inhibition of ROS increased HaCaT cell survival rate. Thus, MA downregulated the expression of ROS-induced nuclear factor-κB, as well as inflammation-related cytokines (interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α). Furthermore, MA significantly suppressed the mitogen-activated protein kinase/activator protein 1 signaling pathway and reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs; MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9). In contrast, MA treatment increased the expression of collagen synthesis regulatory genes (COL1A1 and COL3A1) via regulation of Smad2/3 signal induction through transforming growth factor-β. In conclusion, MA protected against UVB-induced photoaging via suppression of skin inflammation and induction of collagen biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheolwoo Park
- The Garden of Natural Solution, Osan-si, Gyeonggi-do 18103, Korea;
| | - Jaeyoung Park
- HealthMED Co.Ltd., Gwangju 61021, Korea; (J.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Won-Jin Kim
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.-J.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.-J.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Hyeonsook Cheong
- HealthMED Co.Ltd., Gwangju 61021, Korea; (J.P.); (H.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Kim
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.-J.K.); (W.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6664
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Effects of the Incorporation of Tannin Extract from Quebracho Colorado Wood on Color Parameters, Lipid Oxidation, and Sensory Attributes of Beef Patties. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050667. [PMID: 32455684 PMCID: PMC7278849 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tannin extract of Quebracho Colorado wood (Schinopsis balansae and Schinopsis lorentzii) is rich in proanthocyanidins with demonstrated powerful scavenging activity against free radicals. Currently, this extract is used in the wine industry to improve sensory attributes, stabilize color, and act as a redox buffer. In this study, we hypothesized that condensed tannins from Quebracho Colorado wood could be incorporated into beef patties as a natural antioxidant source to improve shelf life. Patties formulated with tannin extract (0, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) were evaluated for instrumental color, lipid oxidation, and sensory attributes. Patties were displayed under refrigerated aerobic conditions (PVC film) for 6 days for color and lipid oxidation analysis. For sensory analysis, patties were frozen immediately after formulation. Control (0%) samples were redder than samples formulated with 1.5% tannin during the first 4 days of display. For b*, samples formulated with 1.5% tannin were predominantly yellower during display. After day 4, chroma values were higher in samples formulated with 1.5% tannin. The inclusion of tannin extract improved lipid stability, however, levels above 0.5% decreased tenderness, softness, juiciness, and overall desirability of patties.
Collapse
|
13
|
Polyphenols-Loaded Sericin Self-Assembling Nanoparticles: A Slow-Release for Regeneration by Tissue-Resident Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040381. [PMID: 32326171 PMCID: PMC7238282 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a therapeutic target to promote tissue regeneration, mainly when oxidative stress-mediated damage is involved in disease pathogenesis. Here, slow-release silk sericin nanoparticles (SNPs) loaded with natural antioxidant polyphenols were developed to sustain regeneration by tissue-resident MSCs. SNPs were prepared by exploiting a self-assembly method with poloxamer and were loaded with proanthocyanidins (P), quercetin (Q) or epigallocatechin gallate (E). SNPs, with a diameter less than 150 nm, were able to encapsulate both hydrophilic (P and E) and hydrophobic (Q) drugs. A slow and controlled release was obtained from SNPs for all the actives in PBS, while in EtOH, Q and E showed a burst release but P did not. Kinetic models revealed lower diffusion of P than other biomolecules, probably due to the higher steric hindrance of P. The in vitro anti-oxidant, anti-elastase and anti-tyrosinase properties of SNPs were assessed: loading the P and E into SNPs preserved the in vitro biological activities whereas for Q, the anti-elastase activity was strongly improved. Moreover, all formulations promoted MSC metabolic activity over 72 h. Finally, SNPs exhibited a strong ability to protect MSCs from oxidative stress, which supports their potential use for regenerative purposes mediated by tissue-resident MSCs.
Collapse
|
14
|
Goel R, Saxena P. Pycnogenol Protects against Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Oxidative Stress and Seizures in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 14:68-75. [PMID: 30465512 DOI: 10.2174/1574884714666181122110317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is one of the most common and severe brain disorders in the world, characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures due to an imbalance between cerebral excitability and inhibition. Oxidative stress is a biochemical state in which reactive oxygen species are generated and associated with various diseases including epilepsy. Pycnogenol, a polyphenol obtained from the pine tree and has antioxidant & anti-inflammatory activity. So, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Pycnogenol on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice. METHODS The mice of swiss strain each weighing 18-30g were used. Pycnogenol (50&100mg/kg) was suspended in carboxymethyl cellulose in saline and administered orally. Diazepam (1mg/kg, i.p) was used as a standard drug. The anticonvulsant effects of the drugs were measured using PTZ and cognitive behaviour was also assessed. The biochemical estimation was done by measuring Thiobarbituric acid, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, and reduced glutathione followed by the histopathological study. RESULT Pycnogenol 50 & 100mg/kg showed a significant increase in latency to PTZ-induced seizures, decrease in duration and frequency of convulsions compared to control animals; however, the effects were dose-dependent and were more significant at a higher dose. No impairment in cognitive functions like memory and muscle relaxant was observed following pycnogenol 50 & 100 mg/kg. The effect of Pycnogenol on biochemical parameter was found to be significant. It significantly (p<0.01) decreases the level of TBARS and increases the levels of SOD, catalase, and GSH in the brain tissue. The histopathological evaluation showed less neuronal degeneration in the brain due to PTZ-induced seizures in comparison to control group. CONCLUSION Thus pycnogenol has a protective approach towards convulsion and can be included as an adjuvant therapy with antiepileptic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radha Goel
- I.T.S College of Pharmacy, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prasoon Saxena
- I.T.S College of Pharmacy, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim K, Yoo HJ, Jung JH, Lee R, Hyun JK, Park JH, Na D, Yeon JH. Cytotoxic Effects of Plant Sap-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Various Tumor Cell Types. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11020022. [PMID: 32252412 PMCID: PMC7353476 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible plants have been widely used in traditional therapeutics because of the biological activities of their natural ingredients, including anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Plant sap contains such medicinal substances and their secondary metabolites provide unique chemical structures that contribute to their therapeutic efficacy. Plant extracts are known to contain a variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs) but the effects of such EVs on various cancers have not been investigated. Here, we extracted EVs from four plants-Dendropanax morbifera, Pinus densiflora, Thuja occidentalis, and Chamaecyparis obtusa-that are known to have cytotoxic effects. We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of these EVs by assessing their ability to selectively reduce the viability of various tumor cell types compared with normal cells and low metastatic cells. EVs from D. morbifera and P. densiflora sap showed strong cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, whereas those from T. occidentalis and C. obtusa had no significant effect on any tumor cell types. We also identified synergistic effect of EVs from D. morbifera and P. densiflora saps on breast and skin tumor cells and established optimized treatment concentrations. Our findings suggest these EVs from plant sap as new candidates for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimin Kim
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Korea; (K.K.); (H.J.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Hye Ju Yoo
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Korea; (K.K.); (H.J.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Jik-Han Jung
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34051, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Ruri Lee
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Korea; (K.K.); (H.J.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Jae-Kyung Hyun
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea;
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34051, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Dokyun Na
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06911, Korea;
| | - Ju Hun Yeon
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Korea; (K.K.); (H.J.Y.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-529-2621; Fax: +82-41-529-2674
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shariati H, Hassanpour M, Sharifzadeh G, Zarban A, Samarghandian S, Saeedi F. Evaluation of Diuretic and Antioxidant Properties in Aqueous Bark and Fruit Extracts of Pine. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 18:58-64. [PMID: 32026777 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200206105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study has been carried out to evaluate the diuretic and antioxidant properties of pine herb in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS 45 adult male rats were randomly divided into nine groups including: groups I (the negative control), groups II (positive control, furosemide 10 mg/kg), groups III to VIII (treatment groups received 100, 200, 400 mg/kg of the aqueous extracts of bark and fruit) and group IX received the combination of aqueous extract of bark (100 mg/kg) and the fruit (100 mg/kg). The urine output, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), electrolytes, urea, and creatinine levels were evaluated. Furthermore, the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of both extracts were also assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Folin-Ciocalteu methods. RESULTS The aqueous extracts of the pine bark and fruit increased the urinary output in a dosedependent manner. The combination of the two extracts compared to the other extracts alone significantly increased the serum potassium level. This study also showed each extract increase creatinine clearance in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01 and p<0.05). The increase of GFR in the combination group was not significant. The current data showed a significant increase in the total phenolic content in pine bark extract in compared with the fruit extract. CONCLUSION The pine bark and fruit can be useful in the prevention and treatment of kidney stones due to the high diuretic properties and antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Shariati
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassanpour
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sharifzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Asghar Zarban
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Farhad Saeedi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shah AA, Khan IU, Sahibzada FA, Tauseef I, Kalsoom UE, Sultana N. Biological and biochemical characteristics of male reproductive system, serum metabolites and carcass quality of Japanese quails by the supplementation of Pinus ponderosa leaves and α-tocopherol acetate. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1348-1356. [PMID: 31336393 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of Pinus ponderosa leaves (pine leaves) and α-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E) powder on male reproductive system, serum metabolites and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails. A total of 360-day-old male quails were purchased from the open market and kept at poultry shed for ninety-four days. After ten days of adaptation, all quails were randomly assigned into 4 groups, control (IC); supplemented with α-tocopherol acetate (IE) at the rate of 150 mg/L; Pinus ponderosa leaves (IP) at the rate of 150 mg/L; and 70 mg α-tocopherol acetate and 70 mg Pinus ponderosa leaves (IEP). Pinus ponderosa leaves and α-tocopherol acetate supplementation had not significantly (p > .05) effected on final body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of quails. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and total cholesterol (TC) were significantly (p > .05) affected by IE and IP groups as compared to IC and IEP groups. Triglyceride (TG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly (p < .05) increased in all treatment groups except for the IC group. Aspartate transaminase (AST) significantly (p > .05) decreased in treatment groups as compared to control group. Overall, the mineral levels significantly (p < .05) increased in treatment groups as compared to control. Cloacal gland index values, the quantity of foam production and testis weight were significantly (p < .05) increased in treatment groups. It was concluded that the supplementation of Pinus ponderosa leaves and α-tocopherol acetate improved the testis weight, foam production, serum antioxidant enzymes and mineral level especially zinc in Japanese quail considered an indicative characteristic of higher sperm production rate and improved sexual activity. Further, higher gametogenesis rate, sperm production or reproductive behaviour including different hormonal level will be analysed in future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assar Ali Shah
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Irfan Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - Isfahan Tauseef
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Umm-E- Kalsoom
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gurger M, Yilmaz E, Yilmaz S, Once G, Konuk M, Kaya E, Say Y, Artas G, Artas H. Grape seed extract supplement increases bone callus formation and mechanical strength: an animal study. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:206. [PMID: 31277691 PMCID: PMC6612225 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The positive effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on bone health, which is a potent antioxidant, are known but its effects on fracture healing are not sufficiently covered in the literature. This study aims to investigate the effects of GSPE on fracture healing and biomechanics of healing bone. Materials and methods Sixty-four adult Wistar-Albino male rats were divided into 8 groups of 8 animals in each group. Osteotomy was performed to the right femurs of all groups except the negative control (G1) and positive control (G2) groups, and intramedullary Kirchner wire was used for fixation. GSPE was given to half of the rats (G2-G4-G6-G8) 100 mg/kg/day by oral gavage. The rats were sacrificed on the tenth (G3–G4), twentieth (G5–G6), and thirtieth (G1–G2–G7–G8) days, respectively, and histopathological, radiological, and biomechanical examinations were performed. Results Histopathological examination of the specimens from the callus tissues revealed that bone healing was more prominent in the groups supplemented with GSPE (G4, G6, G8). There was a statistically significant improvement in radiological recovery scores and callus volumes in groups with GSPE. When biomechanical strengths were evaluated, it was found that GSPE increased bone strength not only in fracture groups but also in the positive control group (G2). Conclusions As a result, this study showed that GSPE, a potent anti-oxidant, had a positive effect on bone healing and improved mechanical strength of the healing bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Gurger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Erhan Yilmaz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Seval Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Once
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Konuk
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tatvan State Hospital, 13200, Bitlis, Turkey
| | - Emre Kaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Yakup Say
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tunceli University, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Artas
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, 23190, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Hakan Artas
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, 23190, Elazığ, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Venkatesan T, Choi YW, Kim YK. Effect of an extraction solvent on the antioxidant quality of Pinus densiflora needle extract. J Pharm Anal 2019; 9:193-200. [PMID: 31297297 PMCID: PMC6598446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinus densiflora needle extract (PDNE) is widely reported to have many pharmacological activities including antioxidant potential. However, the solvent system used for extraction greatly affects its antioxidant quality. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the effect of a different ratio (vol/vol) of ethanol to water (0–100%) in the extraction of PDNE with potent antioxidant capacity. The chemical assays, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), were conducted to assess the antioxidant potential of PDNE. Subsequently, the cytoprotective effect of PDNE was determined using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-challenged HepG2 cellular model. The needle extracts from 40% ethanol (PDNE-40) showed greater radical scavenging activity followed by 60%, 20%, 80%, 0% and 100% ethanol extracts. EC50 value of the most active extract, PDNE-40, was 8.56 ± 0.51 μg/mL, relative to 1.34 ± 0.28 μg/mL of the standard trolox (for ABTS radical), and 75.96 ± 11.60 μg/mL, relative to 4.83 ± 0.26 μg/mL of the standard trolox (for DPPH radical). Either PDNE-20 or PDNE-40 pretreatment remarkably decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls in TBHP-challenged HepG2 cells. In addition, both PDNE-20 and PDNE-40 significantly reversed the decreased ratio of reduced (GSH) to oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. Moreover, these two extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect on TBHP-induced nuclear damage and loss of cell viability. In summary, the inclusion of 40% ethanol in water for extraction of Pinus densiflora needle greatly increases the antioxidant quality of the extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thamizhiniyan Venkatesan
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, 861-1 Chongnung-dong, Songbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-702, South Korea
| | - Young-Woong Choi
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, 861-1 Chongnung-dong, Songbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-702, South Korea
| | - Young-Kyoon Kim
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, 861-1 Chongnung-dong, Songbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-702, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Carcass characteristics and serum biochemical profile of Japanese quail by the supplementation of pine needles and vitamin E powder. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Albanese L, Bonetti A, D'Acqui LP, Meneguzzo F, Zabini F. Affordable Production of Antioxidant Aqueous Solutions by Hydrodynamic Cavitation Processing of Silver Fir ( Abies alba Mill.) Needles. Foods 2019; 8:foods8020065. [PMID: 30759809 PMCID: PMC6406287 DOI: 10.3390/foods8020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts from parts of coniferous trees have received increased interest due to their valuable bioactive compounds and properties, useful for plenty of experimental and consolidated applications, in fields comprising nutraceutics, cosmetics, pharmacology, food preservation, and stimulation of plant growth. However, the variability of the bioactive properties, the complexity of the extraction methods, and the use of potentially harmful synthetic chemicals, still represent an obstacle to the spreading of such valuable natural compounds. Hydrodynamic cavitation is emerging as a promising innovative technique for the extraction of precious food components and by-products from waste raw material of the agro-food production chain, which can improve processing efficiency, reduce resource consumption, and produce healthy, high-quality products. In this study, a process based on controlled hydrodynamic cavitation was applied for the first time to the production of aqueous solutions of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) needles with enhanced antioxidant activity. The observed levels of the in vitro antioxidant activity, comparable or higher than those found for reference substances, pure extracts, and other water extracts and beverages, highlight the very good potential of the hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) process for the creation of solvent-free, aqueous solutions endowed with bioactive compounds extracted from silver fir needles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Albanese
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Alessandra Bonetti
- Institute for Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Luigi Paolo D'Acqui
- Institute for Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Francesco Meneguzzo
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Federica Zabini
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Extracting antioxidant phenolic compounds from compressional-puffing pretreated Pinus morrisonicola : Effects of operational parameters, kinetics and characterization. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
23
|
Yang HJ, Lee JH, Lee KY, Bin Song K. Application of gelatin film and coating prepared from dried alaska pollock by-product in quality maintanance of grape berries. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Ka-Yeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Bin Song
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chiang PS, Lee DJ, G. Whiteley C, Huang CY. Antioxidant phenolic compounds from Pinus morrisconicola using compressional-puffing pretreatment and water–ethanol extraction: Optimization of extraction parameters. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
25
|
Semeniuc CA, Rotar A, Stan L, Pop CR, Socaci S, Mireşan V, Muste S. Characterization of pine bud syrup and its effect on physicochemical and sensory properties of kefir. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2015.1085905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
26
|
Patra JK, Kim SH, Hwang H, Choi JW, Baek KH. Volatile compounds and antioxidant capacity of the bio-oil obtained by pyrolysis of Japanese red pine (pinus densiflora siebold and zucc.). Molecules 2015; 20:3986-4006. [PMID: 25738540 PMCID: PMC6272219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, sawdust bio-oil (SBO) manufactured by fast pyrolysis of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Siebold and Zucc.) sawdust was analyzed for its volatile chemical compound composition and evaluated for its free radical scavenging potential, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and reducing power. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy revealed 29 volatile compounds, comprising 97.6% of the total volatile compounds in SBO. The antioxidant potential of SBO in terms of IC50 values was 48.44 µg/mL for hydroxyl radical scavenging, 89.52 µg/mL for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydraxyl radical scavenging, 94.23 µg/mL for 2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid] radical scavenging, and 136.06 µg/mL for superoxide radical scavenging activity. The total phenol content in SBO was 5.7% gallic acid equivalent. Based on the composition of its volatile compounds, high free radical scavenging potential and antioxidant properties, SBO could be used as a source of antioxidant compounds, flavoring agents and nutraceuticals in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kumar Patra
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea.
| | - Sung Hong Kim
- Analysis Research Division, Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
| | - Hyewon Hwang
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
| | - Joon Weon Choi
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 232-916, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Antioxidant activity, antitumor effect, and antiaging property of proanthocyanidins extracted from Kunlun Chrysanthemum flowers. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:983484. [PMID: 25628774 PMCID: PMC4299306 DOI: 10.1155/2015/983484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, antitumor effect, and antiaging property of proanthocyanidins from Kunlun Chrysanthemum flowers (PKCF) grown in Xinjiang. In vitro antioxidant experiments results showed that the total antioxidant activity and the scavenging capacity of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radicals increased in a concentration-dependent manner and were stronger than those of vitamin C. To investigate the antioxidant activity of PKCF in vivo, we used serum, liver, and kidney from mouse for the measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Results indicated that PKCF had antioxidative effect in vivo which significantly improved the activity of SOD and T-AOC and decreased MDA content. To investigate the antitumor activity of PKCF, we used H22 cells, HeLa cells, and Eca-109 cells with Vero cells as control. Inhibition ratio and IC50 values were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; PKCF showed great inhibitory activity on H22 cells and HeLa cells. We also used fruit flies as a model for analyzing the anti-aging property of PKCF. Results showed that PKCF has antiaging effect on Drosophila. Results of the present study demonstrated that PKCF could be a promising agent that may find applications in health care, medicine, and cosmetics.
Collapse
|
28
|
Hong SS, Jeong W, Kim JK, Kwon JG, Lee JY, Ahn EK, Oh J, Seo DW, Oh JS. Neolignan inhibitors of antigen-induced degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells from the needles of Pinus thunbergii. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:347-51. [PMID: 25451795 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ethanolic extract of the needles of Pinus thunbergii was found to suppress antigen mediated degranulation of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. A new neolignan glycoside, named pinusthunbergiside A (1), as well as six known neolignan glycosides (2-7) were isolated from the ethanolic extract using bioassay-guided fractionation. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR, HRESI-MS, and circular dichroism (CD) data. Compounds 2-7 were found for the first time in this plant. The inhibitory effects of isolated constituents on the release of β-hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 cells were examined, and compounds 2, 3, 5, and 6 were found to show the inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values ranging between 52.3 and 75.3 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Su Hong
- Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion Natural Products Research Institute, Suwon 443-766, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsik Jeong
- Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion Natural Products Research Institute, Suwon 443-766, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyu Kim
- Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion Natural Products Research Institute, Suwon 443-766, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gwan Kwon
- Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion Natural Products Research Institute, Suwon 443-766, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Lee
- Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion Natural Products Research Institute, Suwon 443-766, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Ahn
- Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion Natural Products Research Institute, Suwon 443-766, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Oh
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Dong-Wan Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Joa Sub Oh
- Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion Natural Products Research Institute, Suwon 443-766, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liao CL, Chen CM, Chang YZ, Liu GY, Hung HC, Hsieh TY, Lin CL. Pine (Pinus morrisonicola Hayata) needle extracts sensitize GBM8901 human glioblastoma cells to temozolomide by downregulating autophagy and O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase expression. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10458-10467. [PMID: 25293350 DOI: 10.1021/jf501234b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pine needle extracts of Pinus morrisonicola (Hayata) are commonly used as a functional health beverage. However, it remains unclear what the mechanism is underlying the antitumor activity of pine needle extract. The aims of present study were to investigate the anti-glioblastoma effects of pine needle extracts as well as its bioactive compounds. From three different solvent extracts of pine needles, the water extract displayed the strongest cytotoxicity effects on GBM8901 glioblastoma cells. The isolated compounds were identified as pinocembrin, chrysin, and tiliroside. Chrysin was the most active ingredient of pine needle extract for the induction of apoptosis and suppression of migration and invasion. It also markedly inhibited temozolomide (TMZ)-induced autophagy and O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression. Because both autophagy and MGMT overexpression have been implicated to TMZ-induced drug resistance in glioblastoma, our results showed that pine needle extract and chrysin may serve as a potential anticancer agent against glioblastoma, especially with regard to sensitizing glioblastoma cells resistant to TMZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Leng Liao
- Department of Neurology, Jen-Ai Hospital , Taichung 412, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Seo H, Lee NH, Ryu S. Antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of pine needle powder ingestion and endurance training in high cholesterol-fed rats. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2014; 18:301-9. [PMID: 25566467 PMCID: PMC4241895 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2014.18.3.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Pine needle is a kind of medicinal plant ingested traditionally for a variety of purposes. Therefore, we examined the antioxidant and antiapoptotic capacities of pine needle ingestion in high cholesterol-fed and endurance exercise-trained rats. [Methods] Animals were divided into six groups as; CON: normal diet control group; EX: normal diet and exercise training group; HC: high cholesterol diet group; HCE: high cholesterol diet and exercise training group; HCP: high cholesterol and pine needle group; HCPE: high-cholesterol and pine needle diet with exercise training group, respectively. Each group consisted of seven Sprague-Dawley male rats. The swim-training groups, EX, HCE, and HCPE swam in the swim pool 60 min/d and 5 d/week for 5 weeks. During the rearing periods, freeze-dried pine needle powder mix with 5% of the high cholesterol diet was supplied to the HCP and HCPE groups. Gastrocnemius muscle was used as the skeletal muscle. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), Cu, Zn containing superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were analyzed for their antioxidant capacities. Finally, p53, Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), caspase-3 protein expression was analyzed to determine antiapoptotic ability. [Results] MDA showed low content in HCPE compared to the HC. Mn-SOD, Cu,Zn-SOD, and GPx protein expression was significantly increased by pine needle ingestion and/or exercise training. In addition, suppression of p53 protein expression resulted in Bcl-2 increase followed by caspase-3 decrease with/without pine needle ingestion and exercise training. [Conclusion] When exercise training in addition to pine needle powder ingestion may be a helpful nutritional regimen to athletes and exercisers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyobin Seo
- Department of Leisure Sports, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea ; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Nam-Ho Lee
- Department of Leisure Sports, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Sungpil Ryu
- Department of Leisure Sports, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea ; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li B, Shen YH, He YR, Zhang WD. Chemical constituents and biological activities of pinus species. Chem Biodivers 2014; 10:2133-60. [PMID: 24327438 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China (phone/fax: +86-21-81871244 (W.-D. Z.), +86-21-81871245, (Y.-H. S.))
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tala VRS, Candida da Silva V, Rodrigues CM, Nkengfack AE, Campaner dos Santos L, Vilegas W. Characterization of proanthocyanidins from Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) G. Don. (Fabaceae) by Flow Injection Analysis-Electrospray Ionization Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2013; 18:2803-20. [PMID: 23455671 PMCID: PMC6269974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18032803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the chemical composition of the African plant Parkia biglobosa (Fabaceae) roots and barks by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization and Direct Injection Tandem Mass Spectrometry analysis. Mass spectral data indicated that B-type oligomers are present, namely procyanidins and prodelphinidins, with their gallate and glucuronide derivatives, some of them in different isomeric forms. The analysis evidenced the presence of up to 40 proanthocyanidins, some of which are reported for the first time. In this study, the antiradical activity of extracts of roots and barks from Parkia biglobosa was evaluated using DPPH method and they showed satisfactory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Raïssa Sipowo Tala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP—Sao Paulo State University, 14800-900, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Viviane Candida da Silva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP—Sao Paulo State University, 14800-900, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clenilson Martins Rodrigues
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP—Sao Paulo State University, 14800-900, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Chemical and Instrumental Analysis, Embrapa Agroenergy, PqEB, W3 North, 70770-901, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Augustin Ephrem Nkengfack
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Lourdes Campaner dos Santos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP—Sao Paulo State University, 14800-900, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP—Sao Paulo State University, 14800-900, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Campus of Sao Vicente, UNESP—Sao Paulo State University, 11350-000, Sao Vicente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Khoddami A, Wilkes MA, Roberts TH. Techniques for analysis of plant phenolic compounds. Molecules 2013; 18:2328-75. [PMID: 23429347 PMCID: PMC6270361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18022328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are well-known phytochemicals found in all plants. They consist of simple phenols, benzoic and cinnamic acid, coumarins, tannins, lignins, lignans and flavonoids. Substantial developments in research focused on the extraction, identification and quantification of phenolic compounds as medicinal and/or dietary molecules have occurred over the last 25 years. Organic solvent extraction is the main method used to extract phenolics. Chemical procedures are used to detect the presence of total phenolics, while spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques are utilized to identify and quantify individual phenolic compounds. This review addresses the application of different methodologies utilized in the analysis of phenolic compounds in plant-based products, including recent technical developments in the quantification of phenolics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khoddami
- Department of Plant and Food Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mails: (A.K.); (M.A.W.)
| | - Meredith A. Wilkes
- Department of Plant and Food Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mails: (A.K.); (M.A.W.)
| | - Thomas H. Roberts
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +61-2-8627-1042; Fax: +61-2-8627-1099
| |
Collapse
|