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Paeonia lactiflora Root Extract and Its Components Reduce Biomarkers of Early Atherosclerosis via Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects In Vitro and In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101507. [PMID: 34679642 PMCID: PMC8532938 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various physiological activities of compounds obtained from Paeonia lactiflora have been reported, the effects of P. lactiflora extract (PLE) on early atherosclerosis remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo antiatherosclerosis and in vitro antioxidant effects of PLE and its compounds. PLE suppresses the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced capacity of THP-1 cells to adhere to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling in HUVECs. PLE also suppresses TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytosol as well as the enhanced TNFA and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) mRNA expression in HUVECs. We identified and quantified the following PLE compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection: methyl gallate, oxypaeoniflorin, catechin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, benzoylpaeoniflorin, and paeonol. Among these, methyl gallate had the strongest inhibitory effect on monocyte adherence to TNF-α-induced HUVECs and the VCAM-1 expression. Reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that PLE compounds had a dissimilar inhibition effect on TNF-α-induced mRNA expression levels of CCL2, TNFA, and IL6 in HUVECs. Except for paeonol, the compounds inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species production in RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, oral administration of PLE improved TNF-α-induced macrophage infiltration to the vascular endothelium and expression of VCAM-1, as well as IL6 and TNFA gene expression in the main artery of mice. PLE could be useful as a nutraceutical material against early atherosclerosis via the combined effects of its components.
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Song KH, Seo CS, Yang WK, Gu HO, Kim KJ, Kim SH. Extracts of Phyllostachys pubescens Leaves Represses Human Steroid 5-Alpha Reductase Type 2 Promoter Activity in BHP-1 Cells and Ameliorates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rat Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030884. [PMID: 33803357 PMCID: PMC7998544 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common symptomatic abnormality of the human prostate characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of the prostate gland. In this study, we investigated the effect of bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens, leaves extract (PPE) on human 5α-reductase type 2 (SRD5A2) gene promoter activity in human prostate cell lines and the protective effect of PPE on a testosterone-induced BPH rat model. PPE repressed human SRD5A2 promoter activity and its mRNA expression. The rats treated with PPE for 4 weeks showed a significantly attenuated prostate weight compared to vehicle control. PPE-treated rats also showed reduced serum dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, prostate-specific antigen, and SRD5A2 levels by testosterone injection. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that PPE treatment significantly decreased mRNA expression of SRD5A2, androgen receptor (AR), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and fibroblast growth factor 2 compared with the vehicle-treated, testosterone-injected rats in the prostate. Furthermore, PPE treatment showed reduced AR, PCNA, and tumor necrosis factor alpha expression in the prostate via immunohistofluorescence staining. In conclusion, oral administration of PPE prevented and inhibited the development and progression of enlarged prostate lesions in testosterone-induced animal models through various anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects and induced suppression of SRD5A2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hoon Song
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-868-9390
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - Won-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea; (W.-K.Y.); (H.-O.G.); (K.-J.K.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Hyun-O Gu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea; (W.-K.Y.); (H.-O.G.); (K.-J.K.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Ki-Joong Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea; (W.-K.Y.); (H.-O.G.); (K.-J.K.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea; (W.-K.Y.); (H.-O.G.); (K.-J.K.); (S.-H.K.)
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Shen M, Xie Z, Jia M, Li A, Han H, Wang T, Zhang L. Effect of Bamboo Leaf Extract on Antioxidant Status and Cholesterol Metabolism in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090699. [PMID: 31540467 PMCID: PMC6770790 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cholesterol is an important lipid substance in organisms. As the precursor of bile acid, steroid hormones and vitamin D3, cholesterol plays important roles in lipid metabolism. Chicken is among the most consumed meat products worldwide; however, its cholesterol level is higher than that of other meat products. High cholesterol in a human diet will increase the risk of atherosclerosis. In addition, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is susceptible to be oxidized, which will cause the death of broilers. Therefore, it is of great significance to enhance the antioxidant capacity and improve cholesterol metabolism in broiler chickens. Bamboo leaf extract (BLE) contains active ingredients such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and active polysaccharides, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects. Our results show that supplementation of BLE in the basal diet improved growth and slaughter performance, antioxidant status and cholesterol metabolism in broilers. Therefore, the application of BLE as a feed additive has a certain economic value. Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary bamboo leaf extract (BLE) on antioxidant status and cholesterol metabolism in broilers. One-day-old male Arbor Acres (576) broilers were randomly divided into six groups. A control group was fed a basal diet, while five experimental groups were supplemented with 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0g BLE per kg feed in their basal diets. The result indicated that BLE supplementation linearly improved eviscerated yield and decreased abdominal fat (p < 0.05). A significant decrease of serum triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) content was observed with BLE supplementation (p < 0.05). BLE supplementation linearly improved the total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity in both serum and liver (p < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase was quadratically increased in serum and linearly increased in the liver with BLE supplementation (p < 0.05). The malonaldehyde content in liver showed a linear and quadratic decrease with BLE supplementation (p < 0.05). BLE supplementation up-regulated the mRNA expression of cholesterol 7- alpha hydroxylase and low-density lipoprotein receptor and downregulated 3-hydroxy3-methyl glutamates coenzyme A reductase mRNA expression in the liver. The antioxidant enzyme mRNA expressions were all up-regulated by BLE supplementation in the liver. In conclusion, supplemental BLE improved antioxidant status and cholesterol metabolism in broilers, which eventually led to a decrease of serum TG, LDL-c content, and abdominal fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zechen Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Minghui Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Anqi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Hongli Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Ha EH, Choi JP, Kwon HS, Park HJ, Lah SJ, Moon KA, Lee SH, Kim I, Cho YS. Endothelial Sox17 promotes allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:561-573.e6. [PMID: 30928652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-33, levels of which are known to be increased in patients with eosinophilic asthma and which is suggested as a therapeutic target for it, activates endothelial cells in which Sry-related high-mobility-group box (Sox) 17, an endothelium-specific transcription factor, was upregulated. OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationship between Sox17 and IL-33 and the possible role of Sox17 in the pathogenesis of asthma using a mouse model of airway inflammation. METHODS We used ovalbumin (OVA) to induce airway inflammation in endothelium-specific Sox17 null mutant mice and used IL-33 neutralizing antibody to evaluate the interplay between IL-33 and Sox17. We evaluated airway inflammation and measured levels of various cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. We also carried out loss- or gain-of-function experiments for Sox17 in human endothelial cells. RESULTS Levels of IL-33 and Sox17 were significantly increased in the lungs of OVA-challenged mice. Anti-IL-33 neutralizing antibody treatment attenuated not only OVA-induced airway inflammation but also Sox17 expression in pulmonary endothelial cells. Importantly, endothelium-specific deletion of Sox17 resulted in significant alleviation of various clinical features of asthma, including airway inflammation, immune cell infiltration, cytokine/chemokine production, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Sox17 deletion also resulted in decreased densities of Ly6chigh monocytes and inflammatory dendritic cells in the lungs. In IL-33-stimulated human endothelial cells, Sox17 showed positive correlation with CCL2 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 levels. Lastly, Sox17 promoted monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and upregulated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. CONCLUSION Sox17 was regulated by IL-33, and its genetic ablation in endothelial cells resulted in alleviation of asthma-related pathophysiologic features. Sox17 might be a potential target for asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Ha
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Hyouk-Soo Kwon
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeung Ju Park
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lah
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Seung-Hyo Lee
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Injune Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - You Sook Cho
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Ha SJ, Lee J, Song KM, Kim YH, Lee NH, Kim YE, Jung SK. Ultrasonicated Lespedeza cuneata extract prevents TNF-α-induced early atherosclerosis in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2018; 9:2090-2101. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01666b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the use of ultrasonication to extract Lespedeza cuneata as a potential nutraceutical for preventing vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jeong Ha
- Division of Functional Food Research
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Jeollabuk-do 55365
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
| | - Jangho Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Jeollabuk-do 55365
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Division of Functional Food Research
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Jeollabuk-do 55365
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Jeollabuk-do 55365
- Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hyouck Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Jeollabuk-do 55365
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eon Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Jeollabuk-do 55365
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- Division of Functional Food Research
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Jeollabuk-do 55365
- Republic of Korea
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology
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Zhang L, Mao Y, Pan J, Wang S, Chen L, Xiang J. Bamboo leaf extract ameliorates cardiac fibrosis possibly via alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:808-817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Kwon JH, Hwang SY, Han JS. Bamboo ( Phyllostachys bambusoides) leaf extracts inhibit adipogenesis by regulating adipogenic transcription factors and enzymes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:1037-1044. [PMID: 30263634 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the inhibitory effects of bamboo leaf extracts on adipogenesis were investigated by evaluating their activity against adipogenic transcription factors and enzymes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Bamboo leaf extracts significantly decreased triglyceride levels, and increased glycerol release in adipocytes. Cells treated with the water extract showed significantly higher glycerol release as well as lower triglyceride contents than those treated with the ethanol extract. Both bamboo leaf extracts significantly inhibited the expression of adipogenic transcription factors and enzymes, such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase, and increased the expression of phospho-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. These results show that bamboo leaf extracts inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and that the water extract was more efficacious than the ethanol extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Kwon
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Korea
| | - Sung Yeoun Hwang
- Department of Research and Development, Korea Bio Medical Science Institute, Seoul, 06106 Korea
| | - Ji Sook Han
- 3Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology for the Elderly, Pusan National University, Busan, 46141 Korea
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Guerra AD, Rose WE, Hematti P, Kao WJ. Minocycline enhances the mesenchymal stromal/stem cell pro-healing phenotype in triple antimicrobial-loaded hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:184-196. [PMID: 28069512 PMCID: PMC5704963 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated pro-healing properties including an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and the promotion of angiogenesis via expression of growth factors in pre-clinical models. MSCs encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGdA) and thiolated gelatin poly(ethylene glycol) (Gel-PEG-Cys) crosslinked hydrogels have led to controlled cellular presentation at wound sites with favorable wound healing outcomes. However, the therapeutic potential of MSC-loaded hydrogels may be limited by non-specific protein adsorption on the delivery matrix that could facilitate the initial adhesion of microorganisms and subsequent virulent biofilm formation. Antimicrobials loaded concurrently in the hydrogels with MSCs could reduce microbial bioburden and promote healing, but the antimicrobial effect on the MSC wound healing capacity and the antibacterial efficacy of the hydrogels is unknown. We demonstrate that minocycline specifically induces a favorable change in MSC migration capacity, proliferation, gene expression, extracellular matrix (ECM) attachment, and adhesion molecule and growth factor release with subsequent increased angiogenesis. We then demonstrate that hydrogels loaded with MSCs, minocycline, vancomycin, and linezolid can significantly decrease bacterial bioburden. Our study suggests that minocycline can serve as a dual mechanism for the regenerative capacity of MSCs and the reduction of bioburden in triple antimicrobial-loaded hydrogels. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Wound healing is a complex biological process that can be hindered by bacterial infection, excessive inflammation, and inadequate microvasculature. In this study, we develop a new formulation of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and thiolated gelatin poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked hydrogels loaded with minocycline, vancomycin, linezolid, and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells that induces a favorable wound healing phenotype in mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and prevents bacterial bioburden on the hydrogel. This combinatorial approach to biomaterial development has the potential to impact wound healing for contaminated full thickness cutaneous wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Daniel Guerra
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Practice Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Warren E Rose
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Practice Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Peiman Hematti
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - W John Kao
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Practice Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Anti-carcinogenic and anti-angiogenic properties of the extracts of Acorus calamus on gastric cancer cells. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2017; 7:145-156. [PMID: 28348970 PMCID: PMC5355820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acorus calamus (A. calamus) has been used as a medicinal plant in Asia for its effects on digestive system for the last 2000 years. To investigate the anti-cancer activity of rhizome of A. calamus, the ethanolic and methanolic extracts and essential oil of the rhizome were prepared and their effects were assessed on human gastric cancer cell line (AGS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The viability of cells which were treated with the extracts and the essential oil was assessed by MTT assay. To evaluate the anti-angiogenic property of the extracts, in vitro tube formation assay was done. Cell cycle distribution and the expression of Oct4 and Nucleostemin, after treatments, were checked by flowcytometry and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of essential oil from A.calamus was done by GC-MS. RESULTS Our results showed that the growth of AGS cells was inhibited by the extracts and essential oil and the extracts inhibited the angiogenesis in HUVEC cells. Our data revealed that the extracts and essential oil of A. calamus caused G1 arrest in AGS cells and downregulation of Oct4 and NS after treatment. By GC-MS analysis, we found new compounds such as epiprezizaene, valencene and isocyclocitral in essential oil of A. CONCLUSION All together, our results showed that the extracts of A. calamus have anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effects on cancer cells.
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Zanotto-Filho A, Gonçalves RM, Klafke K, de Souza PO, Dillenburg FC, Carro L, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF. Inflammatory landscape of human brain tumors reveals an NFκB dependent cytokine pathway associated with mesenchymal glioblastoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 390:176-187. [PMID: 28007636 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is being increasingly recognized as a key factor in cancer aggressiveness. In this study, we characterized the inflammatory gene signatures altered in glioma cell lines and tumor specimens of differing histological and molecular subtypes. The results showed that glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) shows upregulation of a subset of inflammatory genes when compared to astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. With molecular subtypes of GBM, the expression of inflammatory genes is heterogeneous, being enriched in mesenchymal and downregulated in Proneural/GCIMP. Other inflammation-associated processes such as tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) signatures are upregulated in mesenchymal, and a subset of 33 mesenchymal-enriched inflammatory and TAM markers showed correlation with poor survival. We found that various GBM tumor-upregulated genes such as IL6, IL8 and CCL2 are also actively expressed in glioma cell lines, playing differential and cooperative roles in promoting proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and macrophage polarization in vitro. These genes can be stimulated by pathways typically altered in GBM, including the EGFR, PDGFR, MEK1/2-ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt and NFκB cascades. Taken together, the results presented herein depict some inflammatory pathways altered in gliomas and highlight potentially relevant targets to therapy improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rosângela Mayer Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina Klafke
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Oliveira de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Cristine Dillenburg
- Instituto de Informática, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luigi Carro
- Instituto de Informática, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Liu JX, Zhu MY, Feng CY, Ding HB, Zhan Y, Zhao Z, Ding YM. Bamboo leaf extract improves spatial learning ability in a rat model with senile dementia. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 16:593-601. [PMID: 26160717 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Senile dementia (SD) is a syndrome characterized by progressive neurological deterioration. Treatment for the disease is still under investigation. Bamboo leaf extract (B-extract) has been known for its biological efficacy in anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities. However, study on B-extract for its protection against dementia is very limited. The effect of B-extract on a rat model with SD was examined. B-extract improved spatial learning ability of the dementia rats. The hippocampus of dementia model rats showed reduced levels of acetylcholine (ACh), epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA), and increased activities of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO). Treatment with B-extract 20 mg/(kg·d) for 7 weeks significantly inhibited the enzyme activity compared with untreated dementia rats, and raised the levels of ACh, E, and DA in the hippocampus. In addition, treatment with B-extract elevated the level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), but reduced the level of glutamate (Glu) in the brain. These data suggest that B-extract might be a potential drug in treating impairment of spatial memory in dementia rats by regulating the central neurotransmitter function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-xiang Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
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Lee KM, Joo HK, Lee YR, Park MS, Kang G, Choi S, Lee KH, Jeon BH. Ulmus davidiana ethanol extract inhibits monocyte adhesion to tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated endothelial cells. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:131-139. [PMID: 28462108 PMCID: PMC5381430 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Rehder (UD) has long been used in traditional folk medicine in Asia. This study is designed to investigate the antiadhesive activity of the ethanol extract of UD (UDE) and its underlying mechanisms in cultured endothelial cells. Methods The dried root bark of UD was extracted with 80% (v/v) ethanol. The antiadhesive activity of the UDE was investigated in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human embryonic kidney epithelial 293T (HEK 293T) cells stably transfected with pGL3-vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1-luc. Monocyte adhesion in endothelial cells was induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the protective effects of UDE on monocyte–endothelial cell adhesion, VCAM-1 expression, reactive oxygen species production, and nuclear factor-κB activity were determined. Results Exposure to UDE at a concentration of 3–30 μg/mL for 24 hours produced no detectable cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but it significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion and VCAM-1 expression. TNF-α treatment of HEK 293T/VCAM-1-luc cells resulted in increased luciferase activity of the VCAM-1 promoter, which was inhibited by treatment with UDE. Additionally, TNF-α-induced reactive oxygen species generation, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB, and IκBα degradation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells were effectively reduced by treatment with 30 μg/mL of UDE. Conclusion Our results indicated that UDE treatment inhibited TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion in endothelial cells, suggesting that UD may reduce vascular endothelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Mo Lee
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hee Kyoung Joo
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yu Ran Lee
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Park
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gun Kang
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sunga Choi
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kwon Ho Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Joongbu University, Geumsan, Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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14
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Wang S, Yu Y, Feng Y, Zou F, Zhang X, Huang J, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Huang XF, Zhu Y, Liu Y. Protective effect of the orientin on noise-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 296:290-300. [PMID: 26392065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that chronic noise stress impairs cognition and induces oxidative stress in the brain. Recently, orientin, a phenolic compound abundant in some fruits, millet, and herbs, has been shown to have antioxidant properties. This study investigated the potential effects of orientin against chronic noise-induced cognitive decline and its underlying mechanisms. A moderate-intensity noise exposure model was used to investigate the effects of orientin on behavior and biochemical alterations in mice. After 3 weeks of the noise exposure, the mice were treated with orientin (20mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, oral gavage) for 3 weeks. The chronic noise exposure impaired the learning and memory in mice in the Morris water maze and step-through tests. The noise exposure also decreased exploration and interest in a novel environment in the open field test. The administration of orientin significantly reversed noise-induced alterations in these behavior tests. Moreover, the orientin treatment significantly improved the noise-induced alteration of serum corticosterone and catecholamine levels and oxidative stress in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, the orientin treatment ameliorated the noise-induced decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and synapse-associated proteins (synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Thus, orientin exerts protective effects on noise-induced cognitive decline in mice, specifically by improving central oxidative stress, neurotransmission, and increases synapse-associated proteins. Therefore, supplementation with orientin-enriched food or fruit could be beneficial as a preventive strategy for chronic noise-induced cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Schizophrenia Research Institute (SRI), 405 Liverpool St., Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Yan Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuyun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Schizophrenia Research Institute (SRI), 405 Liverpool St., Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Yufu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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15
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Kang MK, Lim SS, Lee JY, Yeo KM, Kang YH. Anthocyanin-rich purple corn extract inhibit diabetes-associated glomerular angiogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79823. [PMID: 24278186 PMCID: PMC3835931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major diabetic complications and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Abnormal angiogenesis results in new vessels that are often immature and play a pathological role in DN, contributing to renal fibrosis and disrupting glomerular failure. Purple corn has been utilized as a daily food and exerts disease-preventive activities. This study was designed to investigate whether anthocyanin-rich purple corn extract (PCE) prevented glomerular angiogenesis under hyperglycemic conditions. Human endothelial cells were cultured in conditioned media of mesangial cells exposed to 33 mM high glucose (HG-HRMC-CM). PCE decreased endothelial expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α induced by HG-HRMC-CM. Additionally, PCE attenuated the induction of the endothelial marker of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1 and integrin β3 enhanced in HG-HRMC-CM. Endothelial tube formation promoted by HG-HRMC-CM was disrupted in the presence of PCE. In the in vivo study employing db/db mice treated with 10 mg/kg PCE for 8 weeks, PCE alleviated glomerular angiogenesis of diabetic kidneys by attenuating the induction of VEGF and HIF-1α. Oral administration of PCE retarded the endothelial proliferation in db/db mouse kidneys, evidenced by its inhibition of the induction of vascular endothelium-cadherin, PECAM-1 and Ki-67. PCE diminished the mesangial and endothelial induction of angiopoietin (Angpt) proteins under hypeglycemic conditions. The induction and activation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) were dampened by treating PCE to db/db mice. These results demonstrate that PCE antagonized glomerular angiogenesis due to chronic hyperglycemia and diabetes through disturbing the Angpt-Tie-2 ligand-receptor system linked to renal VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Therefore, PCE may be a potent therapeutic agent targeting abnormal angiogenesis in DN leading to kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Center for Aging and Healthcare, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Center for Aging and Healthcare, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | | | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Center for Aging and Healthcare, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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16
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Choi S, Lee YR, Park MS, Joo HK, Cho EJ, Kim HS, Kim CS, Park JB, Irani K, Jeon BH. Histone deacetylases inhibitor trichostatin A modulates the extracellular release of APE1/Ref-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:403-7. [PMID: 23665318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/Redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) can be acetylated via post-translational modification. We investigated the effect of an inhibitor of histone deacetylases on the extracellular release of APE1/Ref-1 in HEK293 cells. Trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, induced APE1/Ref-1 secretion without changing cell viability. In a fluorescence quantitative assay, the secreted APE1/Ref-1 was estimated to be about 10 ng/mL in response to TSA (1 μM). However, TSA did not induce the secretion of lysine-mutated APE1/Ref-1 (K6R/K7R). TSA also caused nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation of APE1/Ref-1. Taken together, these findings suggest that APE1/Ref-1 is a protein whose secretion is governed by lysine acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunga Choi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
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