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Li F, Li M, Hu L, Zhu W, Cheng D. Identification of key modules and hub genes for eosinophilic asthma by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. J Asthma 2022; 60:1038-1049. [PMID: 36165511 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2128372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Eosinophilic asthma (EA) is one of the most important asthma phenotypes with distinct features. However, its genetic characteristics are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the transcriptome features and to identify hub genes of EA.Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed to construct gene networks and to identify hub genes. Enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the biological processes, pathways and immune status of EA. The hub genes were validated in another dataset. The diagnostic value of the identified hub genes was assessed by receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.Results: Compared with NEA, EA had a different gene expression pattern, in which 81 genes were differentially expressed. WGCNA identified two gene modules significantly associated with EA. Intersections of the DEGs and the genes in the modules associated with EA were mainly enriched in chemotaxis and signal transduction by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis indicated that EA had different immune infiltration and functions compared with NEA. Seven hub genes of EA were identified and validated, including CCL17, CCL26, CD1C, CXCL11, CXCL10, CCL22 and CCR7, all of which have diagnostic value for distinguishing EA from NEA (All AUC >0.7) .Conclusions: This study demonstrated the distinct gene expression patterns, biological processes and immune status of EA. Hub genes of EA were identified and validated. Our study could provide a framework of co-expression gene modules and potential therapeutic targets for EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,General Practice Department, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lijia Hu
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Wenye Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Deyun Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Liew KY, Koh SK, Hooi SL, Ng MKL, Chee HY, Harith HH, Israf DA, Tham CL. Rhinovirus-Induced Cytokine Alterations With Potential Implications in Asthma Exacerbations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:782936. [PMID: 35242128 PMCID: PMC8886024 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.782936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhinovirus (RV) infections are a major cause of asthma exacerbations. Unlike other respiratory viruses, RV causes minimal cytotoxic effects on airway epithelial cells and cytokines play a critical role in its pathogenesis. However, previous findings on RV-induced cytokine responses were largely inconsistent. Thus, this study sought to identify the cytokine/chemokine profiles induced by RV infection and their correlations with airway inflammatory responses and/or respiratory symptoms using systematic review, and to determine whether a quantitative difference exists in cytokine levels between asthmatic and healthy individuals via meta-analysis. Methods Relevant articles were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases. Studies that compared RV-induced cytokine responses between asthmatic and healthy individuals were included in the systematic review, and their findings were categorized based on the study designs, which were ex vivo primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs), ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and human experimental studies. Data on cytokine levels were also extracted and analyzed using Review Manager 5.4. Results Thirty-four articles were included in the systematic review, with 18 of these further subjected to meta-analysis. Several studies reported the correlations between the levels of cytokines, such as IL-8, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and respiratory symptoms. Evidence suggests that IL-25 and IL-33 may be the cytokines that promote type 2 inflammation in asthmatics after RV infection. Besides that, a meta-analysis revealed that PBECs from children with atopic asthma produced significantly lower levels of IFN-β [Effect size (ES): -0.84, p = 0.030] and IFN-λ (ES: -1.00, p = 0.002), and PBECs from adult atopic asthmatics produced significantly lower levels of IFN-β (ES: -0.68, p = 0.009), compared to healthy subjects after RV infection. A trend towards a deficient production of IFN-γ (ES: -0.56, p = 0.060) in PBMCs from adult atopic asthmatics was observed. In lower airways, asthmatics also had significantly lower baseline IL-15 (ES: -0.69, p = 0.020) levels. Conclusion Overall, RV-induced asthma exacerbations are potentially caused by an imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines, which may be contributed by defective innate immune responses at cellular levels. Exogenous IFNs delivery may be beneficial as a prophylactic approach for RV-induced asthma exacerbations. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=184119, identifier CRD42020184119.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Yen Liew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sue Kie Koh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Suet Li Hooi
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Hui-Yee Chee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Hazeera Harith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Daud Ahmad Israf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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3
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Huoman J, Haider S, Simpson A, Murray CS, Custovic A, Jenmalm MC. Childhood CCL18, CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels differentially relate to and predict allergy development. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1824-1832. [PMID: 34101271 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines are important mediators in immune cell recruitment, contributing to allergy development. However, extensive studies of chemokines in the circulation in relation to the presence and development of allergic diseases remain scarce. Our aim was to investigate associations of circulating allergy-related chemokines with the development of asthma and sensitization cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a population-based cohort. METHODS The chemokines CCL17, CCL22, CXCL10, CXCL11 and CCL18 were measured in plasma samples from children in the Manchester Asthma and Allergy Study. Samples were available from cord blood at birth (n = 376), age 1 (n = 195) and age 8 (n = 334). Cross-sectional and longitudinal association analyses were performed in relation to asthma and allergic sensitization, as well as allergic phenotype clusters previously derived using machine learning in the same study population. RESULTS In children with asthma and/or allergic sensitization, CCL18 levels were consistently elevated at 1 and/or 8 years of ages. In a longitudinal model including information on asthma from 4 time points (5, 8, 11 and 16 years of ages), we observed a significant association between increasing CCL18 levels at age 1 and a higher risk of asthma from early school age to adolescence (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.6, p = .028). We observed similar associations in longitudinal models for allergic sensitization. Asthma later in life was preceded by increased CXCL10 levels after birth and decreased CXCL11 levels at birth. CONCLUSION Elevated CCL18 levels throughout childhood precede the development of asthma and allergic sensitization. The Th1-associated chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL11 also associated with the development of both outcomes, with differential temporal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Huoman
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sadia Haider
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Angela Simpson
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Clare S Murray
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Adnan Custovic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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4
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Gajewski A, Gawrysiak M, Szewczyk R, Gulbas I, Likońska A, Michlewska S, Kowalski ML, Chałubiński M. IL-33 augments the effect of rhinovirus HRV16 on inflammatory activity of human lung vascular endothelium-possible implications for rhinoviral asthma exacerbations. Allergy 2021; 76:2282-2285. [PMID: 33683708 DOI: 10.1111/all.14806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Gajewski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Mateusz Gawrysiak
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Robert Szewczyk
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Izabela Gulbas
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | | | - Sylwia Michlewska
- Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Marek L. Kowalski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Maciej Chałubiński
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
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Gawrysiak M, Gajewski A, Szewczyk R, Likońska A, Michlewska S, Chmiela M, Kowalski ML, Chałubiński M. Human rhinovirus HRV16 impairs barrier functions and regeneration of human lung vascular endothelium. Allergy 2021; 76:1872-1875. [PMID: 33247950 DOI: 10.1111/all.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gawrysiak
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Adrian Gajewski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Robert Szewczyk
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | | | - Sylwia Michlewska
- Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Magdalena Chmiela
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Marek L. Kowalski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Maciej Chałubiński
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
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Liu T, Liu S, Zhou X. Innate Immune Responses and Pulmonary Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:53-71. [PMID: 34019263 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first defense line of the host against various infectious pathogens, environmental insults, and other stimuli causing cell damages. Upon stimulation, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) act as sensors to activate innate immune responses, containing NF-κB signaling, IFN response, and inflammasome activation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and other nucleic acid sensors are involved in innate immune responses. The activation of innate immune responses can facilitate the host to eliminate pathogens and maintain tissue homeostasis. However, the activity of innate immune responses needs to be tightly controlled to ensure the optimal intensity and duration of activation under various contexts. Uncontrolled innate immune responses can lead to various disorders associated with aberrant inflammatory response, including pulmonary diseases such as COPD, asthma, and COVID-19. In this chapter, we will have a broad overview of how innate immune responses function and the regulation and activation of innate immune response at molecular levels as well as their contribution to various pulmonary diseases. A better understanding of such association between innate immune responses and pulmonary diseases may provide potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siqi Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Chałubiński M, Szulc A, Pawełczyk M, Gajewski A, Gawrysiak M, Likońska A, Kowalski ML. Human rhinovirus 16 induces antiviral and inflammatory response in the human vascular endothelium. APMIS 2021; 129:143-151. [PMID: 33230840 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of rhinovirus on airway epithelium is very well described. However, its influence on the vascular endothelium is unknown. The current study assesses the effect of rhinovirus HRV16 on the antiviral and inflammatory response in the human vascular endothelial cells (ECs). HRV16 increased IFN-β, RANTES, and IP-10 mRNA expression and protein release. HRV16 copy number in ECs reached maximal value 10 h after incubation. Increase in virus copies was accompanied by the enhancement of Toll- and RIG-I-like receptors: TLR3, RIG-I, and MDA5. Additionally, HRV16 increased OAS-1 and PKR mRNA expression, enzymes responsible for virus degradation and inhibition of replication. ICAM-1 blockade decreased HRV16 copy number in ECs and inhibited IFN-β, RANTES, IP-10, OAS1, PKR, TLR3, RIG-I, and MDA5 mRNA expression increase upon subsequent induction with HRV16. The vascular endothelium may be infected by human rhinovirus and generate antiviral and inflammatory innate response. Results of the study indicate the possible involvement of the vascular endothelium in the immunopathology of rhinoviral airway infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Chałubiński
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szulc
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Adrian Gajewski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Gawrysiak
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Likońska
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek L Kowalski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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8
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Zhu Q, Hu H, Liu H, Shen H, Yan Z, Gao L. A synthetic STING agonist inhibits the replication of human parainfluenza virus 3 and rhinovirus 16 through distinct mechanisms. Antiviral Res 2020; 183:104933. [PMID: 32949635 PMCID: PMC7494516 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), as a signaling hub in innate immunity, plays a central role for the effective initiation of host defense mechanisms against microbial infections. Upon binding of its ligand cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) produced by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) or invading bacteria, STING is activated, leading to the induction of both type I interferon responses and autophagy, which are critical for the control of certain microbial infections. RNA viruses, such as Parainfluenza virus (PIV) and Rhinovirus (HRV), are among the leading causes of respiratory infections that affect human health without effective treatments. Activation of STING pathway may provide a new therapeutic approach fighting against these viruses. However, the role of STING in the control of RNA virus infection remains largely unexplored. In this study, using dimeric amidobenzimidazole (diABZI), a newly discovered synthetic small molecule STING receptor agonist with much higher potency than CDNs, we found that activation of STING elicits potent antiviral effects against parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) and human rhinovirus 16 (HRV16), two representative respiratory viral pathogens. Notably, while anti-PIV3 activity was depend on the induction of type I interferon responses through TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), anti-HRV16 activity required the induction of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5)-dependent autophagy, indicating that two distinct antiviral mechanisms are engaged upon STING activation. Antiviral activity and individual specific pathway was further confirmed in infected primary bronchial epithelial cells. Our findings thus demonstrate the distinct antiviral mechanisms triggered by STING agonist and uncover the potential of therapeutic effect against different viruses. The small molecule STING receptor agonist diABZI elicits potent antiviral effects against PIV3 and HRV16 in cell line model. IFN neutralizing Ab or BX795, but not autophagy inhibitor CQ or ATG5 knockdown, inhibited the anti-PIV3 activity of diABZI. Autophagy inhibitor CQ or ATG5 knockdown, but not IFN pathway blocker, reduced the anti-HRV16 activity of diABZI. In human primary bronchial epithelial cells model, diABZI show anti-PIV3 and anti-RHV16 activity via different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Zhu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hui Hu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lu Gao
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Huang Q, Hua H, Li W, Chen X, Cheng L. Simple hypertrophic tonsils have more active innate immune and inflammatory responses than hypertrophic tonsils with recurrent inflammation in children. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 49:35. [PMID: 32487224 PMCID: PMC7268328 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-020-00428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tonsil hypertrophy has negative impact on children’s health, but its pathogenesis remains obscure despite the fact that numerous bacteriological studies have been carried out. Understanding the innate immune and inflammatory states of hypertrophic tonsils with different clinical manifestations is of great significance for defining the pathogenesis of tonsil hypertrophy and establishing treatment strategies. The present study was undertaken to examine the characteristics of innate immunity and inflammation in children with hypertrophic palatine tonsils and different clinical manifestations. Methods Tonsil tissues were surgically removed from the patients and classified based on the patients’ clinical manifestations. The patients were divided into three groups: 1) Control group; 2) Tonsil Hypertrophy (TH) group; and 3) Tonsil Hypertrophy combined with Recurrent Infection (TH + RI) group. The immune and inflammatory statuses of these tissues were characterized using qRT-PCR and ELISA methods. Results Viral protein 1 (VP1) was highly expressed in TH group, but not in TH + RI group. In TH group, elevated expression was observed in the innate immune mediators, including retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), interferon alpha (IFN-α), mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR7. Consistent with the innate immune profile, the expression of inflammatory markers (IL-1β, NF-κB and IL-7) was also significantly elevated in TH group. Meanwhile, the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 signaling pathway was found to be involved in the inflammatory response and the formation of fibroblasts. Conclusions Innate immune and inflammatory responses are more active in simple hypertrophic tonsils, rather than hypertrophic tonsils with recurrent inflammation. A local relative immune deficiency in the hypertrophic tonsils may be a causative factor for recurrent tonsillitis in TH + RI. These differences, together with the patient’s clinical manifestations, suggest that tonsillar hypertrophy might be regulated by diverse immune and/or inflammatory mechanism through which novel therapeutic strategies might be created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hu Hua
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Lejeune S, Deschildre A, Le Rouzic O, Engelmann I, Dessein R, Pichavant M, Gosset P. Childhood asthma heterogeneity at the era of precision medicine: Modulating the immune response or the microbiota for the management of asthma attack. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 179:114046. [PMID: 32446884 PMCID: PMC7242211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exacerbations are a main characteristic of asthma. In childhood, the risk is increasing with severity. Exacerbations are a strong phenotypic marker, particularly of severe and therapy-resistant asthma. These early-life events may influence the evolution and be involved in lung function decline. In children, asthma attacks are facilitated by exposure to allergens and pollutants, but are mainly triggered by microbial agents. Multiple studies have assessed immune responses to viruses, and to a lesser extend bacteria, during asthma exacerbation. Research has identified impairment of innate immune responses in children, related to altered pathogen recognition, interferon release, or anti-viral response. Influence of this host-microbiota dialog on the adaptive immune response may be crucial, leading to the development of biased T helper (Th)2 inflammation. These dynamic interactions may impact the presentations of asthma attacks, and have long-term consequences. The aim of this review is to synthesize studies exploring immune mechanisms impairment against viruses and bacteria promoting asthma attacks in children. The potential influence of the nature of infectious agents and/or preexisting microbiota on the development of exacerbation is also addressed. We then discuss our understanding of how these diverse host-microbiota interactions in children may account for the heterogeneity of endotypes and clinical presentations. Finally, improving the knowledge of the pathophysiological processes induced by infections has led to offer new opportunities for the development of preventive or curative therapeutics for acute asthma. A better definition of asthma endotypes associated with precision medicine might lead to substantial progress in the management of severe childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Lejeune
- CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Department, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, INSERM Unit 1019, CNRS UMR 9017, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Deschildre
- CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Department, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, INSERM Unit 1019, CNRS UMR 9017, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Le Rouzic
- Univ. Lille, INSERM Unit 1019, CNRS UMR 9017, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59019 Lille Cedex, France; CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, Department of Respiratory Diseases, F-59000 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Univ. Lille, Virology Laboratory, EA3610, Institute of Microbiology, CHU Lille, F-59037 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Rodrigue Dessein
- Univ. Lille, INSERM Unit 1019, CNRS UMR 9017, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59019 Lille Cedex, France; Univ. Lille, Bacteriology Department, Institute of Microbiology, CHU Lille, F-59037 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- Univ. Lille, INSERM Unit 1019, CNRS UMR 9017, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Univ. Lille, INSERM Unit 1019, CNRS UMR 9017, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59019 Lille Cedex, France.
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11
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Veerati PC, Troy NM, Reid AT, Li NF, Nichol KS, Kaur P, Maltby S, Wark PAB, Knight DA, Bosco A, Grainge CL, Bartlett NW. Airway Epithelial Cell Immunity Is Delayed During Rhinovirus Infection in Asthma and COPD. Front Immunol 2020; 11:974. [PMID: 32499788 PMCID: PMC7243842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections, particularly those caused by rhinovirus, exacerbate chronic respiratory inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway epithelial cells are the primary site of rhinovirus replication and responsible of initiating the host immune response to infection. Numerous studies have reported that the anti-viral innate immune response (including type I and type III interferon) in asthma is less effective or deficient leading to the conclusion that epithelial innate immunity is a key determinant of disease severity during a rhinovirus induced exacerbation. However, deficient rhinovirus-induced epithelial interferon production in asthma has not always been observed. We hypothesized that disparate in vitro airway epithelial infection models using high multiplicity of infection (MOI) and lacking genome-wide, time course analyses have obscured the role of epithelial innate anti-viral immunity in asthma and COPD. To address this, we developed a low MOI rhinovirus model of differentiated primary epithelial cells obtained from healthy, asthma and COPD donors. Using genome-wide gene expression following infection, we demonstrated that gene expression patterns are similar across patient groups, but that the kinetics of induction are delayed in cells obtained from asthma and COPD donors. Rhinovirus-induced innate immune responses were defined by interferons (type-I, II, and III), interferon response factors (IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7), TLR signaling and NF-κB and STAT1 activation. Induced gene expression was evident at 24 h and peaked at 48 h post-infection in cells from healthy subjects. In contrast, in cells from donors with asthma or COPD induction was maximal at or beyond 72–96 h post-infection. Thus, we propose that propensity for viral exacerbations of asthma and COPD relate to delayed (rather than deficient) expression of epithelial cell innate anti-viral immune genes which in turns leads to a delayed and ultimately more inflammatory host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnam Chander Veerati
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Niamh M Troy
- Systems Immunology, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Ngan Fung Li
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Steven Maltby
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Research and Academic Affairs, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony Bosco
- Systems Immunology, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chris L Grainge
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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12
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LeMessurier KS, Rooney R, Ghoneim HE, Liu B, Li K, Smallwood HS, Samarasinghe AE. Influenza A virus directly modulates mouse eosinophil responses. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:151-168. [PMID: 32386457 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ma0320-343r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma and influenza are common respiratory diseases with a high probability of co-occurrence. During the 2009 influenza pandemic, hospitalized patients with influenza experienced lower morbidity if asthma was an underlying condition. We have previously demonstrated that acute allergic asthma protects mice from severe influenza and have implicated eosinophils in the airways of mice with allergic asthma as participants in the antiviral response. However, very little is known about how eosinophils respond to direct exposure to influenza A virus (IAV) or the microenvironment in which the viral burden is high. We hypothesized that eosinophils would dynamically respond to the presence of IAV through phenotypic, transcriptomic, and physiologic changes. Using our mouse model of acute fungal asthma and influenza, we showed that eosinophils in lymphoid tissues were responsive to IAV infection in the lungs and altered surface expression of various markers necessary for cell activation in a niche-specific manner. Siglec-F expression was altered in a subset of eosinophils after virus exposure, and those expressing high Siglec-F were more active (IL-5Rαhi CD62Llo ). While eosinophils exposed to IAV decreased their overall transcriptional activity and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, transcription of genes encoding viral recognition proteins, Ddx58 (RIG-I), Tlr3, and Ifih1 (MDA5), were up-regulated. CD8+ T cells from IAV-infected mice expanded in response to IAV PB1 peptide-pulsed eosinophils, and CpG methylation in the Tbx21 promoter was reduced in these T cells. These data offer insight into how eosinophils respond to IAV and help elucidate alternative mechanisms by which they regulate antiviral immune responses during IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S LeMessurier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert Rooney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Genetics, Genomics & Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hazem E Ghoneim
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Baoming Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heather S Smallwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amali E Samarasinghe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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13
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Trinh HKT, Nguyen TVT, Kim SH, Cao TBT, Luu QQ, Kim SH, Park HS. Osteopontin contributes to late-onset asthma phenotypes in adult asthma patients. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:253-265. [PMID: 32009132 PMCID: PMC7062758 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with late-onset asthma (LOA) have poor clinical outcomes. Osteopontin (OPN) is associated with airway inflammation and remodeling. To investigate the role of OPN in LOA compared to early-onset asthma (EOA), serum OPN levels were compared between 131 adult asthma patients (48 LOA and 83 EOA patients) and 226 healthy controls (HCs). BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin with/without polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) from week 6 (A6 mice) or week 12 (A12 mice) after birth. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), cell counts, histology, and Spp1 expression were assessed. The levels of OPN, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), chitinase 3-like 1 (CH3L1), and interleukin (IL) 5 were measured by ELISA. The expression of Smad3 phosphorylation and tissue transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) was evaluated by Western blot. The serum OPN levels were significantly higher in asthma patients than in HCs and in LOA patients than in those with EOA (P < 0.05) and were positively correlated with serum TGF-β1 and CH3L1 (r = 0.174, r = 0.264; P < 0.05). A12 mice showed elevated AHR with increased levels of OPN/TGF-β1/IL-5 in BALF and Spp1 compared to A6 mice. Poly(I:C) induced remarkable TGF-β1, CH3L1, Th2 cytokine, and OPN levels in BALF and the expression of phosphorylated Smad3, TGM2, and Spp1 in the lungs. OPN triggered TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling in the lungs, which was suppressed by dexamethasone and anti-IL5 antibody. In conclusion, aging and exposure to viral infections may induce OPN release and consequently modulate inflammation and TGF-β1/Smad3-related remodeling, contributing to the development of LOA. Aging and viral infections in older individuals may combine to spur the release of an inflammatory protein implicated in late-onset asthma. A team led by Hae-Sim Park from Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea, showed that people who develop asthma after age 40 have higher blood levels of osteopontin, a multifunctional protein with roles in airway inflammation and tissue remodeling, than people who develop asthma at a younger age or healthy individuals. The researchers developed two ovalbumin-induced asthma models in younger and older mice, and found that older mice developed more severe airway hyperresponsiveness with higher levels of osteopontin, among other inflammatory markers, which were emnhanced by viral infection. Drug therapies that target osteopontin signaling could help combat the late-onset asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Kim Tu Trinh
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Van Thao Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Seo-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Thi Bich Tra Cao
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Quoc Quang Luu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Translational Research Laboratory for Inflammatory Disease, Clinical Trial Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
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14
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Zhou J, Geng F, Xu J, Peng L, Ye X, Yang D, Zhao J, Sun Q. PM 2.5 exposure and cold stress exacerbates asthma in mice by increasing histone acetylation in IL-4 gene promoter in CD4 + T cells. Toxicol Lett 2019; 316:147-153. [PMID: 31520700 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease which severely reduces the quality of life in patients. Studies have demonstrated that both PM2.5 and cold stress contribute to the development of asthma. However, the combined effects of these two risking factors are unknown. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of PM2.5 exposure and cold stress (PMCS) on asthma, as well as the underlying mechanisms by using a murine model. After different exposures, the immune-pathological changes and redox states in groups were evaluated. Besides, the balance of TH1/TH2 cells and the acetylation levels of H3K9 and H3K14 in IL-4 gene promotor were detected. Our results showed that, compared with other exposures, PMCS led to an increased inflammation and redox levels in mice. It also significantly increased the percentage of TH2 T cells, which was correlated with hyperacetylation of H3K9 and H3K14 in IL-4 gene promoter in CD4+T cells. Furthermore, a significantly increased P300 and decreased HDAC1 were detected in CD4 + T cells in PMCS group. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that PMCS exacerbated asthma in mice by increasing H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation in IL-4 gene promoter in CD4 + T cells, and P300 and HDAC1 might contribute to their combined effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhou
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fuhai Geng
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Peng
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Ye
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinzhuo Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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15
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Ulambayar B, Lee SH, Yang EM, Ye YM, Park HS. Association Between Epithelial Cytokines and Clinical Phenotypes of Elderly Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019; 11:79-89. [PMID: 30479079 PMCID: PMC6267184 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Asthma in the elderly has different clinical features including more severe phenotypes with higher comorbidities. Epithelial cells are known to initiate innate/adaptive immune responses in asthmatic airways. We investigated clinical features and epithelial derived cytokine levels in elderly asthmatics compared to non-elderly asthmatics in a cross-sectional cohort of adult asthmatics in order to further understand its pathogenic mechanisms. Methods A total of 1,452 adult asthmatics were enrolled from a single tertiary hospital and were classified into 2 groups: 234 elderly (≥ 60 years at initial diagnosis) and 1,218 non-elderly (< 60 years at initial diagnosis) asthmatics. Asthma-related clinical parameters were compared between the 2 groups. Serum levels of epithelial cell-derived cytokines including interleukin (IL)-31, IL-33, IL-8, eotaxin-2, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and periostin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Significantly higher prevalence rates of late-onset asthma (onset age ≥ 40 years) and severe asthma, as well as the lower rate of atopy, blood/sputum eosinophil counts, total immunoglobulin E and eosinophil cationic protein levels were noted in elderly asthmatics compared to non-elderly asthmatics (P < 0.05, respectively). The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1, % predicted) level tended to be lower in elderly asthmatics (P = 0.07). In addition, serum IL-33 and IL-31 levels were significantly lower in elderly asthmatics, while no differences were found in the serum level of IL-8, eotaxin-2, TGF-β1 or periostin. Among elderly asthmatics, subjects with severe asthma had lower FEV1 (% predicted) value, but showed significantly higher serum levels of eotaxin-2 and TGF-β1, than those with non-severe asthma (P < 0.05 for each). Conclusions These findings suggest that age-related changes of epithelial cell-derived cytokines may affect clinical phenotypes and severity of elderly asthma: decreased levels of IL-33 and IL-31 may contribute to less Th2 phenotype, while increased levels of eotaxin-2 and TGF-β1 may contribute to severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastsetseg Ulambayar
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - So Hee Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Yang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Min Ye
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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16
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Toll-Like Receptor Agonists Modulate Wound Regeneration in Airway Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082456. [PMID: 30127243 PMCID: PMC6121421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Impaired regeneration of airway epithelium may lead to persistence of inflammation and remodelling. Regeneration of injured epithelium is a complex phenomenon and the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the stimulation of respiratory virus products in this process has not been established. Objective: This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the wound repair process in airway epithelium is modulated by microbial products via toll-like receptors. Methods: Injured and not-injured bronchial epithelial cells (ECs) (BEAS-2B line) were incubated with the TLR agonists poly(I:C), lipopolisacharide (LPS), allergen Der p1, and supernatants from virus-infected epithelial cells, either alone or in combination with TLR inhibitors. Regeneration and immune response in injured and not-injured cells were studied. Results: Addition of either poly(I:C) or LPS to ECs induced a marked inhibition of wound repair. Supernatants from RV1b-infected cells also decreased regeneration. Preincubation of injured and not-injured ECs with TLR inhibitors decreased LPS and poly(I:C)-induced repair inhibition. TGF-β and RANTES mRNA expression was higher in injured ECs and IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-8, and VEGF mRNA expression was lower in damaged epithelium as compared to not-injured. Stimulation with poly(I:C) increased IFN-α and IFN-β mRNA expression in injured cells, and LPS stimulation decreased interferons mRNA expression both in not-injured and injured ECs. Conclusion: Regeneration of the airway epithelium is modulated by microbial products via toll-like receptors.
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17
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van der Does AM, Amatngalim GD, Keijser B, Hiemstra PS, Villenave R. Contribution of Host Defence Proteins and Peptides to Host-Microbiota Interactions in Chronic Inflammatory Lung Diseases. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6030049. [PMID: 30060554 PMCID: PMC6161034 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract harbours a variety of microorganisms, collectively called the respiratory microbiota. Over the past few years, alterations in respiratory and gut microbiota composition have been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases of the lungs. How these changes influence disease development and progression is an active field of investigation. Identifying and understanding host-microbiota interactions and factors contributing to these interactions could promote the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring host-microbiota homeostasis. In this review, we discuss recent literature on host-microbiota interactions in the respiratory tract, with a specific focus on the influence of endogenous host defence peptides and proteins (HDPs) on the composition of microbiota populations in vivo and explore possible HDPs-related therapeutic approaches targeting microbiota dysbiosis in chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M van der Does
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
| | - Gimano D Amatngalim
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508 AB, The Netherlands.
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508 AB, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart Keijser
- Research Group Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO (The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Zeist 3704 HE, The Netherlands.
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1008 AA, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
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18
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Roberts N, Al Mubarak R, Francisco D, Kraft M, Chu HW. Comparison of paired human nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cell responses to rhinovirus infection and IL-13 treatment. Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:13. [PMID: 29721720 PMCID: PMC5931947 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of its advantage as a minimally invasive procedure, nasal brushings have been increasingly used and proposed as a valuable approach to study lower airway diseases in lieu of bronchial epithelial cells. However, there is limited or conflicting evidence pertaining to whether nasal samples can be surrogates to bronchial samples. The goal of the present study is to test whether nasal epithelial cells have similar antiviral and inflammatory responses to IL-13 treatment and rhinovirus infection, a condition mimicking virally induced asthma exacerbation. Nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cells taken from the same patient were cultured under submerged and air-liquid interface (ALI) culture in the absence or presence of rhinovirus and IL-13 treatment. Inflammatory cytokines IP-10 and eotaxin-3, antiviral gene Mx1 and viral levels were measured. RESULTS In the absence of IL-13 treatment, nasal and bronchial cells showed a similar IP-10 response in both ALI and submerged cultures. Under the ALI culture, short term (e.g., 3 days) IL-13 treatment had a minimal effect on viral and Mx1 levels in both cell types. However, prolonged (e.g., 14 days) IL-13 treatments in both cell types decreased viral load and Mx1 expression. Under the submerged culture, IL-13 treatment in both cell types has minimal effects on viral load, IP-10 and Mx1. IL-13-induced eotaxin-3 production was similar in both types of cells under either submerged or ALI culture, which was not affected by viral infection. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that nasal epithelial cells could serve as a surrogate to bronchial epithelial cells in future studies aimed at defining the role of type 2 cytokine IL-13 in regulating pro-inflammatory and antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Roberts
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Reem Al Mubarak
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - David Francisco
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Monica Kraft
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
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