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Tao S, Lin Y, Huang S, Lin S, Jin K, Chen H. Circulating inflammatory cytokines in relation to the risk of renal cell carcinoma: A gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Cancer Med 2023; 12:21013-21021. [PMID: 37902279 PMCID: PMC10709742 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently there is no specific molecular biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here we performed a gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to systematically assess the effects of circulating cytokines on RCC. METHODS We have employed cis-quantitative trait loci as instrumental variables for the protein levels and expression of circulating cytokines. We estimated the causal effects of circulating cytokines on RCC risk in males and females with several Mendelian randomization methods. RESULTS We observed a significant causal effect of Eotaxin on the increased risk of RCC in males (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.546, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.617-4.010, p value = 5.496 × 10-5), but not in females (OR = 1.352, 95% CI = 0.766-2.388, p value = 0.298). Besides, we also identified several cytokines as potentially associated with RCC in males including RANTES, MCP3, PDGFbb, TRAIL, and several other cytokines as potentially associated with RCC in females including sICAM and SCGFb. CONCLUSION Our study highlighted that a higher level of circulating Eotaxin is causally associated with an increased risk of RCC in males but not in females. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism and its potential application in the prognosis and treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixiang Tao
- Department of UrologyShaoxing People's Hospital (Zhejiang University Shaoxing Hospital)ShaoxingZhejiangChina
| | - Yiwei Lin
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shengqiang Huang
- Department of UrologyThe People's Hospital of Pujiang CountyJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Shen Lin
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Tapela K, Oyawoye FO, Olwal CO, Opurum PC, Amponsah JA, Segbedzi KAL, Tetteh B, Kumi-Ansah F, Mutungi JK, Obodai E, Amoako E, Agyemang S, Ndam NT, Ampofo WK, Rayner JC, Awandare GA, Paemka L, Bediako Y, Quashie PK. Probing SARS-CoV-2-positive plasma to identify potential factors correlating with mild COVID-19 in Ghana, West Africa. BMC Med 2022; 20:370. [PMID: 36184636 PMCID: PMC9527094 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND West Africa has recorded a relatively higher proportion of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases than the rest of the world, and West Africa-specific host factors could play a role in this discrepancy. Here, we assessed the association between COVID-19 severity among Ghanaians with their immune profiles and ABO blood groups. METHODS Plasma samples were obtained from Ghanaians PCR-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive individuals. The participants were categorized into symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Cytokine profiling and antibody quantification were performed using Luminex™ multiplex assay whereas antigen-driven agglutination assay was used to assess the ABO blood groups. Immune profile levels between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were compared using the two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test. Multiple comparisons of cytokine levels among and between days were tested using Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post hoc test. Correlations within ABO blood grouping (O's and non-O's) and between cytokines were determined using Spearman correlations. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of various cytokines with asymptomatic phenotype. RESULTS There was a trend linking blood group O to reduced disease severity, but this association was not statistically significant. Generally, symptomatic patients displayed significantly (p < 0.05) higher cytokine levels compared to asymptomatic cases with exception of Eotaxin, which was positively associated with asymptomatic cases. There were also significant (p < 0.05) associations between other immune markers (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1Ra) and disease severity. Cytokines' clustering patterns differ between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. We observed a steady decrease in the concentration of most cytokines over time, while anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were stable for at least a month, regardless of the COVID-19 status. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that genetic background and pre-existing immune response patterns may in part shape the nature of the symptomatic response against COVID-19 in a West African population. This study offers clear directions to be explored further in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesego Tapela
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Fatima O Oyawoye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charles Ochieng' Olwal
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Precious C Opurum
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jones Amo Amponsah
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kekeli Aku Lumor Segbedzi
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Becky Tetteh
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Joe K Mutungi
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evangeline Obodai
- Virology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanuella Amoako
- Department of Pediatrics, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana.,Yemaachi Biotech Inc., 222 Swaniker St, Accra, Ghana
| | - Seth Agyemang
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nicaise Tuikue Ndam
- UMR261 MERIT and Head of IRD Branch in Benin-Nigeria-Togo-Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - William Kwabena Ampofo
- Virology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Julian C Rayner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gordon A Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lily Paemka
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Yemaachi Biotech Inc., 222 Swaniker St, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Bediako
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Yemaachi Biotech Inc., 222 Swaniker St, Accra, Ghana.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Peter Kojo Quashie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana. .,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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Scabia G, Testa G, Scali M, Del Turco S, Desiato G, Berardi N, Sale A, Matteoli M, Maffei L, Maffei M, Mainardi M. Reduced ccl11/ eotaxin mediates the beneficial effects of environmental stimulation on the aged hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:234-244. [PMID: 34418501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A deterioration in cognitive performance accompanies brain aging, even in the absence of neurodegenerative pathologies. However, the rate of cognitive decline can be slowed down by enhanced cognitive and sensorimotor stimulation protocols, such as environmental enrichment (EE). Understanding how EE exerts its beneficial effects on the aged brain pathophysiology can help in identifying new therapeutic targets. In this regard, the inflammatory chemokine ccl11/eotaxin-1 is a marker of aging with a strong relevance for neurodegenerative processes. Here, we demonstrate that EE in both elderly humans and aged mice decreases circulating levels of ccl11. Interfering, in mice, with the ccl11 decrease induced by EE ablated the beneficial effects on long-term memory retention, hippocampal neurogenesis, activation of local microglia and of ribosomal protein S6. On the other hand, treatment of standard-reared aged mice with an anti-ccl11 antibody resulted in EE-like improvements in spatial memory, hippocampal neurogenesis, and microglial activation. Taken together, our findings point to a decrease in circulating ccl11 concentration as a key mediator of the enhanced hippocampal function resulting from exposure to EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Scabia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy; Obesity and Lipodystrophies Center at Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Testa
- Laboratory of Biology "Bio@SNS", Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Scali
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Del Turco
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Genni Desiato
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Berardi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sale
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lamberto Maffei
- Laboratory of Biology "Bio@SNS", Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy; Obesity and Lipodystrophies Center at Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marco Mainardi
- Laboratory of Biology "Bio@SNS", Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy.
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Du L, Chang H, Xu W, Zhang X, Yin L. Elevated chemokines and cytokines for eosinophils in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 52:102940. [PMID: 33930716 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophil infiltration is one of the distinctive features in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) but not in other demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Eosinophils express the chemokine receptor CCR3, which is activated by eotaxins (eotaxin-1, -2, and -3) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-4. We aimed to investigate the role of MCPs (MCP-1, -2, -3, and -4) and eotaxins in the acute phase of NMOSD. METHODS Levels of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) eotaxins, MCPs, interleukin (IL)-5, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-6 were measured using the cytokine multiplex assay from 26 patients with NMOSD (13 with immunotherapy, 13 without immunotherapy), 9 patients with MS, and 9 patients with other noninflammatory neurological diseases (OND). Glial fibrillary acidic protein was assessed using ELISA. RESULTS Serum MCP-1 and CSF MCP-2 levels were significantly higher in patients with NMOSD than in OND. Moreover, serum MCP-4 and CSF eotaxin-2 and -3 levels were significantly higher in NMOSD patients compared to MS and OND. Serum MCP-1, -4 and CSF eotaxin-2, -3 levels were significantly correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale in NMOSD. TNF-α and GM-CSF, which stimulate the above chemokines, were higher in patients with NMOSD than those in OND. Moreover, serum MCP-1 and -4 were significantly increased by IL-5 and GM-CSF stimulation, but not by TNF-α and IL-6. Only CSF eotaxin-2 was significantly increased by GM-CSF. There were no significant differences in serum MCP-1 and -4 levels between NMOSD patients with and without immunotherapy. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the elevated serum MCP-1, -4 and CSF eotaxin-2, -3 may be a key step in eosinophil recruitment in the acute phase of NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haoxiao Chang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wangshu Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Linlin Yin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
The analysis of eosinophil shape change and mediator secretion is a useful tool in understanding how eosinophils respond to immunological stimuli and chemotactic factors. Eosinophils undergo dramatic shape changes, along with secretion of the granule-derived enzyme eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) in response to chemotactic stimuli including platelet-activating factor (PAF) and CCL11 (eotaxin-1). Here, we describe the analysis of eosinophil shape change by confocal microscopy analysis and provide an experimental approach for comparing unstimulated cells with those that have been stimulated to undergo chemotaxis. In addition, we illustrate two different degranulation assays for EPX using OPD and an ELISA technique and show how eosinophil degranulation may be assessed from in vitro as well as ex vivo stimulation.
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6
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Yang G, Liu JQ, Mo LH, Luo XQ, Li J, Liu ZQ, Liu DB, Liu ZG, Yang PC, Shi JB. Bcl2 like protine-12 (Bcl2L12) facilitates experimental airway allergic inflammation by inducing autocrine eotaxin in eosinophils. Immunol Lett 2020; 228:93-102. [PMID: 33132183 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of airway allergic disorders (AAD) needs to be further investigated. Eosinophils (Eos) are the canonical effector cells in AAD attacks. Bcl2 like protein-12 (Bcl2L12) is an apoptosis inhibitor and an immune regulator. Eos have the defects of apoptosis. This study aims to investigate the role of Bcl2L12 in the AAD pathogenesis by regulating Eo activities. METHODS Human nasal lavage fluids (NLF) and mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) was collected. Eos in NLF and BALF were analyzed by flow cytometry. A murine AAD model was developed with ovalbumin as a specific antigen. RESULTS We found that Eos isolated from NLF or BALF of AAD subjects expressed high levels of Bcl2L12 and showed defects of apoptosis. The Bcl2L12 expression in Eos was positively correlated with the AAD response. High lipopolysaccharide levels were detected in the AAD airways, that promoted the Bcl2L12 expression in Eos. Bcl2L12 mediated the LPS-induced autocrine eotaxin 1 expression in Eos through activating the MAPK p38/STAT6/NF-κB signal pathway. Depletion of Bcl2L12 in Eos suppressed experimental AAD in mice. CONCLUSIONS AAD Eos express high levels of Bcl2L12, the latter is associated with AAD response by regulating the autocrine eotaxin 1 in Eos. Depletion of Bcl2L12 in Eos attenuates experimental AAD, suggesting that to suppress the Bcl2L12 Eos has the translational potential in the treatment of AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jinan University Affiliated Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiang-Qi Liu
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China; Department of Allergy, Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Hua Mo
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Luo
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianxiang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Department of Allergy, Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Da-Bo Liu
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jian-Bo Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital. Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Vilsmaier T, Heidegger HH, Schröder L, Trapp E, Zehni AZ, Rack B, Janni W, Mahner S, Weissenbacher T, Jeschke U, Mumm JN; SUCCESS Study Group. Interleukin 15 and Eotaxin correlate with the outcome of breast cancer patients vice versa independent of CTC status. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 303:217-30. [PMID: 32929618 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the peripheral blood in women with breast cancer has been found to be an indicator of prognosis before the start of systemic treatment. The aim of this study is the assessment of specific cytokine profiles as markers for CTC involvement that could act as independent prognostic markers in terms of survival outcome for breast cancer patients. Methods Patients selected for this study were defined as women with breast cancer of the SUCCESS study. A total of 200 patients’ sera were included in this study, 100 patients being positive for circulating tumor cells (CTC) and 100 patients being CTC negative. The matching criteria were histo-pathological grading, lymph node metastasis, hormone receptor status, TNM classification, and patient survival. Commercial ELISA with a multi cytokine/chemokine array was used to screen the sera for Interleukin 15 (IL-15) and eotaxin.
Results Statistically significant concentrations were exposed for IL-15 levels regardless of the CTC-Status, lymph node involvement, or hormone receptor status. Significantly enhanced serum IL-15 concentrations were observed in those patients with worse overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Elevated serum concentrations of IL-15 significantly correlate with patients diagnosed with Grade 3 tumor and worse OS. In contrast, patients with a Grade 3 tumor with a favourable OS and DFS demonstrated significantly decreased IL-15 values. The CTC negative patient subgroup with a favourable OS and DFS, showed statistically significant elevated eotaxin values. Conclusion These findings suggest a potential functional interaction of increased IL-15 concentrations in the peripheral blood of patients with a worse OS and DFS, regardless of prognostic factors at primary diagnosis. The increased levels of the chemokine eotaxin in CTC negative patients and a favourable OS and DFS, on the other hand, suggest that the overexpression inhibits CTCs entering the peripheral blood, thus emphasizing a significant inhibition of circulation specific metastasis. To sum up, IL-15 could be used as an independent prognostic marker in terms of survival outcome for breast cancer patients and used as an early indicator to highlight high-risk patients and consequently the adjustment of cancer therapy strategies.
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Mohite S, Cordeiro T, Tannous J, Mwangi B, Selvaraj S, Soares JC, Sanches M, Teixeira AL. Eotaxin-1/CCL11 correlates with left superior temporal gyrus in bipolar disorder: A preliminary report suggesting accelerated brain aging. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:592-596. [PMID: 32560958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric disorders have been linked to immune mechanisms. Altered peripheral levels of eotaxin-1/CCL11; a cytokine implicated in allergic reactions and aging process; have been reported in bipolar disorder (BD). Several brain areas, especially the temporal lobe, seem to display volume loss and accelerated aging in BD. This study aimed at exploring potential associations between eotaxins and brain volumes in patients with BD compared to controls. METHODS Twenty-two euthymic patients with BD and 22 controls were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of eotaxin-1/CCL11, eotaxin-2/CCL24 and eotaxin-3/CCL26 were determined alongside brain volumes. RESULTS There were no differences in the levels of eotaxins between patients and controls. A negative correlation was found between eotaxin-1/CCL11 levels and left-hemisphere's superior-temporal volume only in BD patients, which persisted with covariate adjusted model. CONCLUSION This study corroborates the emerging evidence of association between inflammation and brain volumes in BD. Our preliminary results also support the hypothesis of a possible role of eotaxin-1/CCL11 in accelerated brain aging in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Mohite
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
| | - Thiago Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
| | - Jonika Tannous
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
| | - Sudhakar Selvaraj
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
| | - Marsal Sanches
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
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Aso Y, Kase M, Sagara M, Sakurai S, Iijima T, Tomaru T, Jojima T, Usui I. Teneligliptin, a DPP-4 Inhibitor, Decreases Plasma Levels of Inflammatory Chemokines During a Standard Meal Test in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:261-267. [PMID: 32540146 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) rapidly inactivates incretin hormones and several chemokines, thus influencing chemokine function. There have recently been several reports that DPP-4 inhibitor therapy is associated with an increased risk of bullous pemphigoid (BP), an autoimmune skin disease. Previous studies have demonstrated an increase of CCL11/Eotaxin, a DPP-4 substrate, in serum and blister fluid from patients with BP. Serum levels of CCL22/macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and CXCL10/IP-10, other DPP-4 substrates, are also elevated in BP patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In patients with type 2 diabetes, we investigated the effect of treatment with teneligliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor) for 24 weeks on plasma levels of CCL11/Eotaxin, CCL22/MDC and CXCL10/IP-10 during a meal test. Ten consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes who showed inadequate glycemic control by metformin and/or sulfonylureas were recruited. A standard meal test was performed at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment with teneligliptin at 20 mg/day. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after ingestion of the meal. In addition to plasma levels of the 3 chemokine, plasma DPP-4 enzyme activity and soluble DPP-4 antigen were measured. RESULTS Treatment with teneligliptin decreased hemoglobin A1c and reduced fasting plasma DPP-4 activity by 90.1% compared with baseline. Unexpectedly, plasma levels of all 3 chemokines (including CCL11/Eotaxin) were not increased after teneligliptin treatment, and instead were significantly lower at every point during the meal test. CONCLUSIONS Teneligliptin reduced the plasma concentrations of 3 chemokines (DPP-4 substrates) that may be related to the occurrence of DPP4 inhibitor-associated BP (UMIN000012508).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Aso
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Masato Kase
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sagara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sakurai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshie Iijima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takuya Tomaru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Teruo Jojima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
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Jackson KR, Pollins AC, Assi PE, Kassis SK, Cardwell NL, Thayer WP. Eosinophilic recruitment in thermally injured older animals is associated with worse outcomes and higher conversion to full thickness burn. Burns 2019; 46:1114-1119. [PMID: 31787477 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial burn injury in older patients is associated with higher rates of morbidity, mortality, and conversion to full thickness burn (Finnerty et al., 2009; Pham et al., 2009). Both human and mouse models demonstrate an altered systemic immune response in older subjects, however less is known about the localized response (Jeschke et al., 2016; Farinas et al., 2018; Mohs et al., 2017). We hypothesized that a mouse model could demonstrate differences in the localized inflammatory response of the old. METHODS Six old (66 weeks) and young (8 weeks) mice received partial thickness thermal burns. Localized and systemic expression of nine chemokines (TNFalpha, MCP-1, MIP-2, S100A9, EGF, IL-10, RANTES, G-CSF, and EOTAXIN) were evaluated at day 3 after burn using Luminex analysis. Vimentin immunostaining was used to evaluate injury depth. RESULTS Vimentin staining demonstrated increased burn depth in old mice (449±38μm) as compared to young (166±18μm) (p<0.05). Both groups exhibited increased localized expression of EOTAXIN after burn (p<0.05), however expression in old mice (83.6±6.1pg/ml) was lower than that of young (126.8±18.7pg/ml) (p<0.05). Systemically, however, old mice had increased baseline EOTAXIN expression (1332.40±110.78pg/ml) compared to young (666.12±45.8pg/ml) (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS EOTAXIN is one of the primary chemoattractants for selective eosinophilic recruitment and activation. While eosinophils are important for wound healing, a hyperactive eosinophilic response can result in tissue damage. We hypothesize that the increased baseline serum EOTAXIN in the old may prime their hyperactive response, and may contribute to their worse clinical outcomes. Long-term eosinophil activation requires further study, however our findings indicate a role for EOTAXIN and eosinophils in burn response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alonda C Pollins
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Patrick E Assi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Salam K Kassis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy L Cardwell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wesley P Thayer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Kalinauskaite-Zukauske V, Januskevicius A, Janulaityte I, Miliauskas S, Malakauskas K. Expression of eosinophil β chain-signaling cytokines receptors, outer-membrane integrins, and type 2 inflammation biomarkers in severe non-allergic eosinophilic asthma. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:158. [PMID: 31438916 PMCID: PMC6706886 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe non-allergic eosinophilic asthma (SNEA) is a rare asthma phenotype associated with severe clinical course, frequent exacerbations, and resistance to therapy, including high steroid doses. The key feature is type 2 inflammation with predominant airway eosinophilia. Eosinophil maturation, activation, survivability, and recruitment are mainly induced by interleukin (IL)-3, IL-5 and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) through their receptors on eosinophil surface and related with integrins activation states. The aim of the study was to estimate the expression of eosinophil β chain-signaling cytokines receptors, outer-membrane integrins, and serum-derived type 2 inflammation biomarkers in SNEA. Methods We examined 8 stable SNEA patients with high inhaled steroid doses, 12 steroid-free patients with non-severe allergic asthma (AA), 12 healthy subjects (HS). Blood eosinophils were isolated using Ficol gradient centrifugation and magnetic separation. Eosinophils were lysed, and mRNA was isolated. Gene expressions of IL-5Rα, IL-3Rα, GM-CSFRα, and α4β1, αMβ2 integrins were analyzed using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Type 2 inflammation activity was evaluated measuring exhaled nitric oxide concentration (FeNO) collected with the electrochemical sensing device. Serum IL-5, IL-3, GM-CSF, periostin, chemokine ligand (CCL) 17 and eotaxin concentrations were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Eosinophils from SNEA patients demonstrated significantly increased gene expression of IL-3Rα, IL-5Rα and GM-CSFRα as well as α4, β1 and αM integrin subunits compared with the AA group. The highest IL-5 serum concentration was in the SNEA group; it significantly differed compared with AA and HS. GM-CSF serum levels were similar in the SNEA and AA groups and were significantly lower in the HS group. No differences in serum IL-3 concentration were found among all groups. Furthermore, serum levels of eotaxin, CCL17 and FeNO, but not periostin, differed in all groups, with the highest levels in SNEA patients. Conclusions Eosinophil demonstrated higher expression of IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF α-chain receptors and α4, β1, αM integrins subunits in SNEA compared with the AA group. Additionally, SNEA patients had increased serum levels of IL-5, eotaxin and CCL-17. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03388359.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrius Januskevicius
- Laboratory of Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Janulaityte
- Laboratory of Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Skaidrius Miliauskas
- Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kestutis Malakauskas
- Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Laboratory of Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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12
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Sokollik C, Simon HU. [Eosinophilic granulocytes-Physiology and pathophysiology]. Z Rheumatol 2019; 78:306-312. [PMID: 30627844 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-018-0574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic granulocytes are a subpopulation of leucocytes and part of the innate immune cell pool. Additionally, they have homeostatic functions in different tissues. Classically, an increased number of eosinophils is associated with allergies and parasitic infections; however, eosinophilia can also be found in vasculitides and malignant tumors. The most important controlling factors of eosinophils are the cytokine interleukin 5 and eotaxins. Eosinophils are able to produce a broad range of signalling factors and toxic proteins, which are stored in cytoplasmic granules and can be quickly and specifically released when needed depending on the stimulus. To combat pathogens, eosinophils can catapult extracellular traps consisting of mitochondrial DNA and toxic proteins into the intercellular space. This review focuses on the basic structure, control and function of eosinophils in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sokollik
- Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung, Kinderklinik, Inselspital, Universität Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - H-U Simon
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universität Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010, Bern, Schweiz.
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13
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Assa'ad A. Eosinophilic Esophagitis Through the Flexible Endoscope and the Lens of a Photographer in the Amazon. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 55:1-6. [PMID: 29427131 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-018-8676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a disorder that has been identified recently, thus knowledge about it, its pathogenesis, and potential etiologies has spread in an era where the medical community and the public are receiving the information and discussing it as it appears in the medical literature. Because physiology, pathology, and pathophysiology are difficult to explain in layman terms, the author has used photographs taken in remote areas of the Amazon to create visual similes within a narrative that brings the scientific and medical concepts of the knowledge on EoE to a level that allows both medical and non-medical persons to grasp and discuss their significance. This set of photographs when presented to audiences has generated interest in the disorder as well as in the Amazon and its natural flora and fauna. The author hopes that this pictorial introduction sets the stage for the multiple novel topics reviewed and presented in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Assa'ad
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Mail Location 2000, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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André DM, Horimoto CM, Calixto MC, Alexandre EC, Antunes E. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects against the exacerbation of allergic eosinophilic inflammation associated with obesity in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 62:212-219. [PMID: 30015241 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is linked to worse asthma symptoms. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) reduces airway inflammation, but no study investigated the effects of EGCG on obesity-associated asthma. We aimed here to evaluate the effects of EGCG on allergen-induced airway inflammation in high-fat diet-fed mice. Male C57Bl/6 mice maintained on either standard-chow or high-fat diet for 12 weeks were treated or not with EGCG (10 mg/kg/day, gavage, two weeks). Animals were intranasally challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). In lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), cell counting and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated. High-fat diet-fed mice exhibited significantly higher body weight and epididymal fat mass compared with lean group. EGCG treatment reduced by 20% the epididymal fat mass in obese mice (P < 0.05). The OVA-induced increases of total cells and eosinophils in lung tissue of obese mice were significantly reduced EGCG treatment. The increased levels of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5 and eotaxin in BALF of obese mice were normalized by EGCG. Likewise, the enhanced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide metabolite (NOx) levels in obese mice were normalized by EGCG. Reactive‑oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were elevated and reduced, respectively, in lung tissue of obese mice, both of which were restored by EGCG. In lean mice, EGCG had no significant effect in evaluated parameter (body measures, and inflammatory and oxidative markers). EGCG turns to normal the levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in lungs of obese mice, suggesting it could be an option to attenuate obesity-related asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Majolli André
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Maki Horimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Ciarallo Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Costa Alexandre
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Idborg H, Eketjäll S, Pettersson S, Gustafsson JT, Zickert A, Kvarnström M, Oke V, Jakobsson PJ, Gunnarsson I, Svenungsson E. TNF-α and plasma albumin as biomarkers of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med 2018; 5:e000260. [PMID: 29955370 PMCID: PMC6018889 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2018-000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Composite criteria/indices are presently used to diagnose and monitor patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Biomarkers for these purposes would be helpful in clinical practice. We therefore evaluated a large panel of cytokines and basic laboratory tests and investigated their performance as discriminators versus controls and as biomarkers of disease activity (DA). METHODS We examined 437 patients with SLE, fulfilling American College of Rheumatology-82 criteria, and 322 matched controls. DA was assessed according to both SLE DA Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and SLE Activity Measure (SLAM). British Isles Lupus Activity Group (BILAG) was used to assess renal DA. Additionally, 132 patients self-assessed their Global Disease Activity (PtGDA). Mesoscale Discovery 30-plex cytokine assay and routine blood chemistry was performed on fasting EDTA-plasma. RESULTS Of 26 tested biomarkers, we identified TNF-α as the superior discriminator between patients with SLE and controls (median=4.5 pg/mL, IQR=3.1-6.2 vs median=2.3 pg/mL, IQR=2.0-2.8). The strongest correlations to SLEDAI-2K and SLAM were obtained with TNF-α (Spearman rho (ρ)=0.32 and ρ=0.34, respectively), partly driven by the nephritis subgroup, and with p-albumin (ρ=-0.33 and ρ=-0.31, respectively). P-albumin was decreased and TNF-α was increased in patients with kidney involvement (renal BILAG A/B vs C/D/E, p=4×10-16 and p=6×10-9 respectively). IP-10 was increased in patients with joint involvement (SLAM item 24≥2 vs ≤1, p=0.0005) but did not differ when comparing patients with active/inactive kidney involvement. The most powerful correlations to PtGDA was observed with p-albumin (ρ=-0.42), IL-6 (ρ=0.30) and TNF-α (ρ=0.29). CONCLUSION TNF-α and p-albumin both performed well as discriminators between patients with SLE and controls and as proxies for DA according to both rheumatologists' and patients' assessments. In particular, renal DA was well reflected by TNF-α. We propose that the TNF-α and p-albumin merit further investigations as clinically useful biomarkers in SLE. We also observed that the pattern of activated cytokines varies with organ involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Idborg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Eketjäll
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Susanne Pettersson
- Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna T Gustafsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Zickert
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Kvarnström
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vilija Oke
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Svenungsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Roberts N, Al Mubarak R, Francisco D, Kraft M, Chu HW. Comparison of paired human nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cell responses to rhinovirus infection and IL-13 treatment. Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:13. [PMID: 29721720 PMCID: PMC5931947 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of its advantage as a minimally invasive procedure, nasal brushings have been increasingly used and proposed as a valuable approach to study lower airway diseases in lieu of bronchial epithelial cells. However, there is limited or conflicting evidence pertaining to whether nasal samples can be surrogates to bronchial samples. The goal of the present study is to test whether nasal epithelial cells have similar antiviral and inflammatory responses to IL-13 treatment and rhinovirus infection, a condition mimicking virally induced asthma exacerbation. Nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cells taken from the same patient were cultured under submerged and air-liquid interface (ALI) culture in the absence or presence of rhinovirus and IL-13 treatment. Inflammatory cytokines IP-10 and eotaxin-3, antiviral gene Mx1 and viral levels were measured. RESULTS In the absence of IL-13 treatment, nasal and bronchial cells showed a similar IP-10 response in both ALI and submerged cultures. Under the ALI culture, short term (e.g., 3 days) IL-13 treatment had a minimal effect on viral and Mx1 levels in both cell types. However, prolonged (e.g., 14 days) IL-13 treatments in both cell types decreased viral load and Mx1 expression. Under the submerged culture, IL-13 treatment in both cell types has minimal effects on viral load, IP-10 and Mx1. IL-13-induced eotaxin-3 production was similar in both types of cells under either submerged or ALI culture, which was not affected by viral infection. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that nasal epithelial cells could serve as a surrogate to bronchial epithelial cells in future studies aimed at defining the role of type 2 cytokine IL-13 in regulating pro-inflammatory and antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Roberts
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Reem Al Mubarak
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - David Francisco
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Monica Kraft
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
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17
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Semba RD, Zhang P, Zhu M, Fabbri E, Gonzalez-Freire M, Moaddel R, Geng-Spyropoulos M, Ferrucci L. A targeted proteomic assay for the measurement of plasma proteoforms related to human aging phenotypes. Proteomics 2018; 17. [PMID: 28508553 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Circulating polypeptides and proteins have been implicated in reversing or accelerating aging phenotypes, including growth/differentiation factor 8 (GDF8), GDF11, eotaxin, and oxytocin. These proteoforms, which are defined as the protein products arising from a single gene due to alternative splicing and PTMs, have been challenging to study. Both GDF8 and GDF11 have known antagonists such as follistatin (FST), and WAP, Kazal, immunoglobulin, Kunitz, and NTR domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 (WFIKKN1, WFIKKN2). We developed a novel multiplexed SRM assay using LC-MS/MS to measure five proteins related to GDF8 and GDF11 signaling, and in addition, eotaxin, and oxytocin. Eighteen peptides consisting of 54 transitions were monitored and validated in pooled human plasma. In 24 adults, the mean (SD) concentrations (ng/mL) were as follows: GDF8 propeptide, 11.0 (2.4); GDF8 mature protein, 25.7 (8.0); GDF11 propeptide, 21.3 (10.9); GDF11 mature protein, 16.5 (12.4); FST, 29.8 (7.1); FST cleavage form FST303, 96.4 (69.2); WFIKKN1, 38.3 (8.3); WFIKKN2, 32.2 (10.5); oxytocin, 1.9 (0.9); and eotaxin, 2.3 (0.5). This novel multiplexed SRM assay should facilitate the study of the relationships of these proteoforms with major aging phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Min Zhu
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elisa Fabbri
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ruin Moaddel
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Roy-O'Reilly M, Ritzel RM, Conway SE, Staff I, Fortunato G, McCullough LD. CCL11 ( Eotaxin-1) Levels Predict Long-Term Functional Outcomes in Patients Following Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2017. [PMID: 28634890 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11, also known as eotaxin-1) are increased in several animal models of neuroinflammation, including traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease. Increased levels of CCL11 have also been linked to decreased neurogenesis in mice. We hypothesized that circulating CCL11 levels would increase following ischemic stroke in mice and humans, and that higher CCL11 levels would correlate with poor long-term recovery in patients. As predicted, circulating levels of CCL11 in both young and aged mice increased significantly 24 h after experimental stroke. However, ischemic stroke patients showed decreased CCL11 levels compared to controls 24 h after stroke. Interestingly, lower post-stroke CCL11 levels were predictive of increased stroke severity and independently predictive of poorer functional outcomes in patients 12 months after ischemic stroke. These results illustrate important differences in the peripheral inflammatory response to ischemic stroke between mice and human patients. In addition, it suggests CCL11 as a candidate biomarker for the prediction of acute and long-term functional outcomes in ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Roy-O'Reilly
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rodney M Ritzel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Sarah E Conway
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
| | - Ilene Staff
- Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
| | | | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA.
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Hirahara S, Nozaki M, Ohbayashi M, Hasegawa N, Ozone D, Ogura Y. Suppression of Retinal Neovascularization by Anti-CCR3 Treatment in an Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Model in Mice. Ophthalmic Res 2017; 58:56-66. [PMID: 28376500 DOI: 10.1159/000463238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between retinal neovascularization and the CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3) in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). METHODS An OIR model in C57BL/6J mice was used as a retinal neovascularization model. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to evaluate the chronological change in vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and eotaxin expressions. CCR3 and VEGF subtype expression in the retina was examined using real-time RT-PCR, and CCR3, eotaxin, VEGF-A, and CD31 expression was examined immunohistochemically. A CCR3 neutralizing antibody (Ab) was injected into the vitreous humor on both postnatal days 12 (P12) and 14 (P14). Retinal neovascularizations were quantified by measurement of the percentages of neovascular area. RESULTS The mean eotaxin and VEGF-A protein level was significantly downregulated at P10 and P12 and was significantly upregulated at P14 and P17 (p < 0.05). CCR3 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated at P12 (p < 0.05). VEGF164 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated at P14 (p < 0.05). The areas of vaso-obliteration and neovascularization were significantly suppressed in anti-CCR3 Ab-treated eyes (p < 0.05). Anti-CCR3 Ab treatment suppressed VEGF and eotaxin but not monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. And VEGF 164 mRNA but not VEGF120 mRNA was suppressed by anti-CCR3 Ab treatment. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that anti-CCR3 treatment can suppress retinal neovascularization. Anti-CCR3 treatment may have potential as a new therapy for retinopathies with retinal neovascularization such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Hirahara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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da Silva Carvalho G, Saute JAM, Haas CB, Torrez VR, Brochier AW, Souza GN, Furtado GV, Gheno T, Russo A, Monte TL, Schumacher-Schuh A, D'Avila R, Donis KC, Castilhos RM, Souza DO, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Torman VL, Camey S, Portela LV, Jardim LB. Cytokines in Machado Joseph Disease/Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3. Cerebellum 2017; 15:518-25. [PMID: 26395908 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-015-0719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to describe the serum concentrations of a broad spectrum of cytokines in symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers of Machado Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) CAG expansions. Molecularly confirmed carriers and controls were studied. Age at onset, disease duration, and clinical scales Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), Neurological Examination Score for Spinocerebellar Ataxias (NESSCA), SCA Functional Index (SCAFI), and Composite Cerebellar Functional Score (CCFS) were obtained from the symptomatic carriers. Serum was obtained from all individuals and a cytokine panel "consisted of" eotaxin, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-a, MIP-b, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was analyzed. In a subgroup of symptomatic carriers, the cytokine panel was repeated after 360 days. Cytokine distribution among groups was studied by discriminant analysis; changes in serum levels after 360 days were studied by generalized estimation equation. Sixty-six symptomatic carriers, 13 asymptomatic carriers, and 43 controls were studied. No differences in cytokine patterns were found between controls and carriers of the CAG expansions or between controls and symptomatic carriers only. In contrast, eotaxin concentrations were significantly higher in asymptomatic than in symptomatic carriers or in controls (p = 0.001, ANCOVA). Eotaxin did not correlate with age, disease duration, CAG expansion, NESSCA score, and SARA score. Among symptomatic carriers, eotaxin dropped after 360 days (p = 0.039, GEE). SCA3/MJD patients presented a benign pattern of serum cytokines. In contrast, levels of eotaxin, a peptide secreted by astrocytes, were elevated in the asymptomatic carriers, suggesting that a specific response of these cells can be related to symptom progression, in SCA3/MJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson da Silva Carvalho
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jonas Alex Morales Saute
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Branco Haas
- Post-Graduate Programme in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rocco Torrez
- Post-Graduate Programme in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa Wigner Brochier
- Post-Graduate Programme in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Nunes Souza
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Vasata Furtado
- Post-Graduate Programme in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tailise Gheno
- Post-Graduate Programme in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Russo
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thais Lampert Monte
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Artur Schumacher-Schuh
- Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rui D'Avila
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina Carvalho Donis
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raphael Machado Castilhos
- Post-Graduate Programme in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- Post-Graduate Programme in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCTEN), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Saraiva-Pereira
- Post-Graduate Programme in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leotti Torman
- Department of Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Suzi Camey
- Department of Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Valmor Portela
- Post-Graduate Programme in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCTEN), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Bannach Jardim
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Post-Graduate Programme in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Yu S, Zhao C, Che N, Jing L, Ge R. Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates eosinophil activation in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis via reducing oxidative stress. J Inflamm (Lond) 2017; 14:1. [PMID: 28100959 PMCID: PMC5237150 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background It is well considered that reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a prominent causative role in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR), and eosinophils cells as important allergic inflammatory cells contribute to elevating oxidative stress. Hydrogen, emerging as a novel antioxidant, has been proven effective in selectively reducing ROS in animals models of oxidative damage. We herein aim to verify protective effects of hydrogen on eosinophils cells in guinea pigs models of AR. Methods Thirty two guinea pigs were random divided into four groups, and AR model was established through ovalbumin sensitization. The guinea pigs were injected with hydrogen-rich saline (Normal-HRS and AR-HRS group) or normal saline (control and AR group). The frequencies of sneezing and scratching were recorded. The IgE level, blood eosinophil count and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) level in serum were measured. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays were also measured to evaluate oxidative stress. The expression levels of eotaxin mRNA and protein in the nasal mucosa were also determined by real-time RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results HRS reduced the ROS and MDA levels and increased SOD level in guinea pigs of AR-HRS group accompanied with decreased frequency of sneezing and scratches. Meanwhile, there was a decline of the number of eosinophils cells in blood and of thelevel of ECP in serum in the AR-HRS group. HRS also significantly decreased the expression of eotaxin in nasal mucosa. Conclusion HRS may play a protective role in attenuating allergic inflammation, and suppressing the increase and activation of eosinophils in AR possibly through antioxidation effect of hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065 China
| | - Chuanliang Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065 China
| | - Na Che
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065 China
| | - Lin Jing
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065 China
| | - Rongming Ge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065 China
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Yu B, Cai W, Zhang HH, Zhong YS, Fang J, Zhang WY, Mo L, Wang LC, Yu CH. Selaginella uncinata flavonoids ameliorated ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a rat model of asthma. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 195:71-80. [PMID: 27916586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Selaginella uncinata (Desv.) Spring, known as "Cuiyuncao", is a perennial herb widely distributed in the Southeast Asian countries. In the folk medicine, the local minority commonly use it to treat cough and asthma for centuries. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was carried out to investigate the protective mechanisms of total flavonoids from S. uncinata (SUF) on airway hyperresponsiveness, cytokine release and bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) signaling with emphasis on inflammatory responses in a rat model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were sensitized and challenged with OVA to induce typical asthmatic reactions. Pathological changes of lung tissue were examined by HE staining. The serum levels of T cell-associated cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), total IgE and OVA-specific IgE were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene expressions of T2R10, IP3R1 and Orai1 in lung tissue were assayed by fluorescence quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) while protein expressions of NFAT1 and c-Myc were assayed by western blot analysis. The activation of SUF was investigated on tansgentic T2R10-GFP HEK293 cells. RESULTS SUF treatment attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness and goblet cell hyperplasia compared with OVA-challenged asthmatic rats. The serum levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 as well as total and OVA-specific IgE were decreased while serum IFN-γ was increased in SUF-treated rats. SUF treatment significantly up-regulated T2R10 gene expression, down-regulated IP3R1 and Orai1 gene expression. SUF further suppressed eotaxin, NFAT1 and c-Myc protein expression in lung tissues of OVA-challenged rats. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that SUF exerts anti-inflammatory function through the T2R10/IP3R1/NFAT1 dependent signaling pathway, and may warrant further evaluation as a possible agent for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yu-Sen Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Wen-You Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Li Mo
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Lu-Chen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China.
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Xu M, Luan J, Piao S, Chi S, Wang H. Catalpol alleviates ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice: Reduced eosinophil infiltration in the lung. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 43:140-146. [PMID: 27992791 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radix Rehmanniae Preparata is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used to treat asthma, and catalpol is one of the main active ingredients in this herb. In the present study, the effects of catalpol on asthma and the underlying mechanism were explored. METHODS Mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma were given 5 or 10mg/kg catalpol from Day 15 to Day 28 (intraperitoneal injection). Histopathologic changes were detected by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and Periodic Acid Schiff staining. The levels of IgE, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and eotaxin were measured by ELISA. The numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils and eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined by Wright-Giemsa staining. The expression and distribution of eotaxin and C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The expression of interleukin-5 receptor α (IL-5Rα) was detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS Catalpol inhibited OVA-induced inflammation and IgE secretion in the lung. OVA-induced type 2 inflammation was suppressed by catalpol as evidenced by decreased levels of IL-4 and IL-5. Moreover, catalpol inhibited the aberrant eosinophil infiltration in the lungs, and also suppressed OVA-induced elevation of eosinophil chemokine eotaxin and its receptor CCR3. In addition, IL-5Rα expression in the bone marrow cells derived from catalpol-treated asthmatic mice was lower than that from the untreated asthmatic mice. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that catalpol attenuated OVA-induced asthma and inhibit the infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils, into the lung. This study suggests that catalpol may become a promising drug for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Chen
- The Second Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzheng Zhang
- The Second Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Luan
- The First Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengai Piao
- The First Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Chi
- Department of Endemic Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- The Second Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
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Beppu M, Sawai S, Misawa S, Mori M, Ito S, Sogawa K, Nishimura M, Matsushita K, Nomura F, Kuwabara S. Serum cytokine and chemokine profiles in patients with juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity (Hirayama disease). J Neuroimmunol 2016; 302:20-22. [PMID: 27956076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile muscular atrophy of the distal upper extremity (Hirayama disease) is characterized by adolescent-onset muscular weakness of the distal upper limb. Several studies showed the contribution of atopic disposition and hyperIgEaemia to the disease process, but it has not been well clarified. To identify cytokine and chemokine profiles in Hirayama disease, serum samples were analyzed using multiplex magnetic bead-based assay. Eotaxin, MCP-1 and RANTES levels were significantly higher in Hirayama disease (N=11) than in normal controls (N=12). These chemokines are associated with inflammatory cell recruitment. Allergic inflammation may involve in the pathogenesis of Hirayama disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Beppu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Setsu Sawai
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Sonoko Misawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mori
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sogawa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Motoi Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Fumio Nomura
- Division of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Baldissera L, Squebola-Cola DM, Calixto MC, Lima-Barbosa AP, Rennó AL, Anhê GF, Condino-Neto A, De Nucci G, Antunes E. The soluble guanylyl cyclase activator BAY 60-2770 inhibits murine allergic airways inflammation and human eosinophil chemotaxis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 41:86-95. [PMID: 27816773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Activators of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) act preferentially in conditions of enzyme oxidation or haem group removal. This study was designed to investigate the effects of the sGC activator BAY 60-2770 in murine airways inflammation and human eosinophil chemotaxis. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice treated or not with BAY 60-2770 (1 mg/kg/day, 14 days) were intranasally challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). At 48 h, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was performed, and circulating blood, bone marrow and lungs were obtained. Human eosinophils purified from peripheral blood were used to evaluate the cell chemotaxis. RESULTS OVA-challenge promoted marked increases in eosinophil number in BAL, lung tissue, circulating blood and bone marrow, all of which were significantly reduced by BAY 60-2770. The IL-4 and IL-5 levels in BALF were significantly reduced by BAY 60-2770. Increased protein expression of iNOS, along with decreases of expression of sGC (α1 and β1 subunits) and cGMP levels were detected in lung tissue of OVA-challenged mice. BAY 60-2770 fully restored to baseline the iNOS and sGC subunit expressions, and cGMP levels. In human isolated eosinophils, BAY 60-2770 (1-5 μM) had no effects on the cGMP levels and eotaxin-induced chemotaxis; however, prior incubation with ODQ (10 μM) markedly elevated the BAY 60-2770-induced cyclic GMP production, further inhibiting the eosinophil chemotaxis. CONCLUSIONS BAY 60-2770 reduces airway eosinophilic inflammation and rescue the sGC levels. In human eosinophils under oxidized conditions, BAY 60-2770 elevates the cGMP levels causing cell chemotaxis inhibition. BAY 60-2770 may reveal a novel therapeutic target for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lineu Baldissera
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13084-971, SP, Brazil
| | - Dalize M Squebola-Cola
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13084-971, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina C Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13084-971, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P Lima-Barbosa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13084-971, SP, Brazil
| | - André L Rennó
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13084-971, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F Anhê
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13084-971, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13084-971, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto De Nucci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13084-971, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13084-971, SP, Brazil.
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Huber AK, Giles DA, Segal BM, Irani DN. An emerging role for eotaxins in neurodegenerative disease. Clin Immunol 2016; 189:29-33. [PMID: 27664933 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eotaxins are C-C motif chemokines first identified as potent eosinophil chemoattractants. They facilitate eosinophil recruitment to sites of inflammation in response to parasitic infections as well as allergic and autoimmune diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The eotaxin family currently includes three members: eotaxin-1 (CCL11), eotaxin-2 (CCL24), and eotaxin-3 (CCL26). Despite having only ~30% sequence homology to one another, each was identified based on its ability to bind the chemokine receptor, CCR3. Beyond their role in innate immunity, recent studies have shown that CCL11 and related molecules may directly contribute to degenerative processes in the central nervous system (CNS). CCL11 levels increase in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of both mice and humans as part of normal aging. In mice, these increases are associated with declining neurogenesis and impaired cognition and memory. In humans, elevated plasma levels of CCL11 have been observed in Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis when compared to age-matched, healthy controls. Since CCL11 is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier of normal mice, it is plausible that eotaxins generated in the periphery may exert physiological and pathological actions in the CNS. Here, we briefly review known functions of eotaxin family members during innate immunity, and then focus on whether and how these molecules might participate in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Huber
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David A Giles
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin M Segal
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David N Irani
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the serum levels of Interleukin (IL)-17 and eotaxin levels and the relationship between serum IL-17, eotaxin and pulmonary function in asthmatic patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods: Serum IL-17 and eotaxin levels in asthmatic patients with allergic rhinitis during attacking and remission and in healthy control subjects were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Then we studied the correlation between the serum IL-17, eotaxin levels and pulmonary function in patients. Results: Serum IL-17 and eotaxin levels were significantly elevated in patients during asthma attack and remission compared with healthy control subjects. These levels in patients during asthma attack were much higher than those during remission. Furthermore, serum IL-17 and eotaxin levels were negatively correlated with pulmonary function in asthmatic patients with allergic rhinitis, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that IL-17 and eotaxin are important factors in asthma with allergic rhinitis, and the correlation between serum IL-17, eotaxin and lung function possibly lead to improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of asthma with allergic rhinitis and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lv
- Hong Lv, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P. R. China
| | - Bing Lu
- Bing Lu, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jia Qian
- Xing-jia Qian, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P. R. China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Jian-an Huang, Department of Respiratory Disease & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P. R. China
| | - Tie-Feng Qiu
- Tie-feng Qiu, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Wujin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213002, P. R. China
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Saito H, Honda K, Asaka C, Ueki S, Ishikawa K. Eosinophil chemotaxis assay in nasal polyps by using a novel optical device EZ-TAXIScan: Role of CC-chemokine receptor 3. Allergol Int 2016; 65:280-5. [PMID: 26874579 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemokine receptor, CC-chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3), and its major ligands, eotaxin, RANTES, and MCP-4, are involved in eosinophil chemotaxis. It is thought that CCR3 plays an important role in the recruitment and activation of eosinophils in nasal polyposis. We examined nasal polyp extract-induced eosinophil chemotaxis and the effect of a CCR3 antagonist using EZ-TAXIScan, a novel real-time chemotaxis assay device. METHODS Nasal polyps were obtained from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients during surgery. The polyps were homogenized and eotaxin levels in the extracts were measured. Eosinophils were purified from human peripheral blood by the CD16 negative selection method. Nasal polyp extract-induced eosinophil chemotaxis, with or without CCR3 antagonist, was assessed by EZ-TAXIScan. RESULTS There was a significant positive correlation between the eosinophil counts in nasal polyp and eotaxin levels in the nasal polyp extracts. Using EZ-TAXIScan, eosinophil chemotactic responses were observed following stimulation with nasal polyp extracts. There was a significant positive correlation between the chemotactic index toward the nasal polyp extracts and their eotaxin levels. Nasal polyp extract-induced chemotaxis was completely inhibited by CCR3 antagonist but not by chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) antagonist which inhibited PGD2-induced eosinophil chemotaxis. CONCLUSIONS The CCR3 pathway may play an important role in the pathogenesis of eosinophil recruitment in nasal polyps through selective eosinophil chemotaxis.
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Lee S, Hwang SH, Jeong J, Han Y, Kim SH, Lee DK, Lee HS, Chung ST, Jeong J, Roh C, Huh YS, Cho WS. Nickel oxide nanoparticles can recruit eosinophils in the lungs of rats by the direct release of intracellular eotaxin. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:30. [PMID: 27283431 PMCID: PMC4899890 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Instillation of highly soluble nanoparticles (NPs) into the lungs of rodents can cause acute eosinophilia without any previous sensitizations by the role of dissolved ions. However, whether gradually dissolving NPs can cause the same type of eosinophilia remains to be elucidated. We selected nickel oxide (NiO) as a gradually dissolving NP and evaluated the time course pulmonary inflammation pattern as well as its mechanisms. Methods NiO NPs were intratracheally instilled into female Wistar rats at various concentrations (50, 100, and 200 cm2/rat) and the lung inflammation was evaluated at various time-points (1, 2, 3, and 4 days). As positive controls, NiCl2 and the ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation model was applied. NiCl2 was instilled at 171.1 μg Ni/rat, which is equivalent nickel concentration of 200 cm2/rat of NiO NPs. Cytological analysis and biochemical analysis including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) were measured in BALF and serum. The levels of eotaxin were measured in the alveolar macrophages and normal lung tissue before and after addition of cell lysis buffer to evaluate whether the direct lysis of cells can release intracellular eotaxin. Results NiO NPs produced acute neutrophilic inflammation throughout the study. However, eosinophils were recruited at 3 and 4 days post-instillation of NiO NPs and the magnitude and pattern of inflammation was similar with NiCl2 at 24 h post-instillation. The eosinophil recruitment by NiO NPs was not related with either the levels of total IgE or anaphylatoxins. The lysis of alveolar macrophages and normal lung tissue showed high levels of intracellular eotaxin and the levels of LDH showed positive correlation with the levels of eotaxin. Conclusions Instillation of NiO NPs produced neutrophilia at 1 and 2 days after instillation, while the mixed type of neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation was produced at 3 and 4 days post-instillation, which was consistent with NiCl2. The mechanism of the eosinophilia involves the direct release of intracellular eotaxin due to the rupture of cells by the accumulated solubilized nickel ions in the phagolysosome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0142-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghan Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 840 Hadan 2dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Hwang
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 840 Hadan 2dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 840 Hadan 2dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngju Han
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 840 Hadan 2dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 840 Hadan 2dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keon Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 840 Hadan 2dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Suk Lee
- Busan IL Science High School, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Chung
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Jeong
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Roh
- Division of Biotechnology Research, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seok Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 840 Hadan 2dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea.
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Yellapurkar S, Natarajan S, Boaz K, Baliga M, Shetty P, Manaktala N, Prasad M, Ravi M. Tumour-Associated Tissue Eosinophilia in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma- A Boon or a Bane? J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC65-8. [PMID: 27190955 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/16440.7637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The infiltration of tumour stroma by eosinophils, Tumour-Associated Tissue Eosinophilia (TATE) is known to modulate the evolution of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Identification of eosinophils in the inflammatory stroma has been proven to be an important factor in prognostication of malignant tumours including cancers of mouth, oesophagus, larynx, pharynx, breast, lung, intestine and genitourinary tract. AIM Our study aimed to assess the role of TATE as a prognosticator in OSCC as visualized by Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and congo red staining. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty histologically-proven cases of OSCC were retrieved from the archives of Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India. Two serial sections of 4μm thickness were made and subjected to routine staining with H&E and modified congo red staining, where eosinophil granules stained red and nuclei stained blue. In 40x magnification, 10 HPF at invasive tumour front were assessed for counting eosinophils by placing a 49 square grid (measuring 0.0289 sq mm). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The TATE was compared with the prognosticators using Mann-Whitney U-test. The grades of carcinoma were correlated with TATE using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Post-hoc Bonferronis correction. Agreement of the number of eosinophils counted in the two staining techniques (H&E and Congo red) in OSCC was achieved using interclass correlation coefficient, and Friedman's test. A value of p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Our results showed that tissue eosinophil counts were higher in well-differentiated cases of OSCC, cases with lymph node involvement, decreased survival, without margin involvement and in cases that did not recur. H&E stain showed significantly better visualization of eosinophils resulting in higher eosinophil counts than when seen with Congo red (p=0.008). CONCLUSION Thus, TATE can be used as a surrogate marker in prediction of survival and recurrence in OSCC. H&E proved to be a better stain for evaluation of eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Yellapurkar
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University , Mangalore, India
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University , Mangalore, India
| | - Karen Boaz
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University , Mangalore, India
| | - Mohan Baliga
- Professor, Department of Oral Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University , Mangalore, India
| | - Premalatha Shetty
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University , Mangalore, India
| | - Nidhi Manaktala
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University , Mangalore, India
| | - Mukul Prasad
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University , Mangalore, India
| | - Mahalakshmi Ravi
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University , Mangalore, India
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D’Alessandro A, Esposito D, Pesce M, Cuomo R, De Palma GD, Sarnelli G. Eosinophilic esophagitis: From pathophysiology to treatment. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2015; 6:150-158. [PMID: 26600973 PMCID: PMC4644879 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune disease, characterized by a dense eosinophilic infiltrate in the esophagus, leading to bolus impaction and reflux-like symptoms. Traditionally considered a pediatric disease, the number of adult patients with EoE is continuously increasing, with a relatively higher incidence in western countries. Dysphagia and food impaction represent the main symptoms complained by patients, but gastroesophageal reflux-like symptoms may also be present. Esophageal biopsies are mandatory for the diagnosis of EoE, though clinical manifestations and proton pump inhibitors responsiveness must be taken into consideration. The higher prevalence of EoE in patients suffering from atopic diseases suggests a common background with allergy, however both the etiology and pathophysiology are not completely understood. Elimination diets are considered the first-line therapy in children, but this approach appears less effective in adults patients, who often require steroids; despite medical treatments, EoE is complicated in some cases by esophageal stricture and stenosis, that require additional endoscopic treatments. This review summarizes the evidence on EoE pathophysiology and illustrates the safety and efficacy of the most recent medical and endoscopic treatments.
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Tahan F, Celik S, Eke Gungor H. Effect of montelukast on clinical score and cytokine levels of infants for clinically diagnosed acute bronchiolitis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2015; 43:376-82. [PMID: 25575728 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute bronchiolitis comprises a major cause for morbidity in infants with viral infection which induces an immune inflammatory response that may produce long lasting harmful effects. Currently, there is no effective therapy for bronchiolitis. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of five-day montelukast therapy in acute bronchiolitis management. METHODS The study included 50 infants with acute bronchiolitis. The infants with first episode of acute bronchiolitis were randomly assigned to receive daily montelukast dose of 4mg over five days after admission or no treatment. Plasma eotaxin, IL-4, IL-8 and IFN-gamma levels were evaluated before and after treatment by ELISA method. In the present study, the primary outcome measure was change in clinical severity score, whilst secondary outcome measures were changes in plasma eotaxin, IL-4, IL-8, IFN-gamma levels. RESULTS No significant differences was found in clinical severity score with five-day montelukast treatment (p>0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). There were no significant differences in plasma eotaxin, IL-4, IL-8, IFN-gamma levels between the groups (p>0.05 Mann-Whitney U test). There was significant decrease in plasma IFN-gamma levels following five-day montelukast treatment (p=0.027, Wilcoxon). There were no significant differences in plasma IL-4, IL-8, IFN-gamma levels between the groups after five-day montelukast treatment (p>0.05, Wilcoxon). There was significant increase in eotaxin levels after five-day montelukast treatment (p=0.009, Wilcoxon). CONCLUSION Our study showed that montelukast affected plasma IFN-gamma and eotaxin levels after five days of treatment. Further studies are needed to demonstrate effects of montelukast on chemokine levels in bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Tahan
- Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Celik
- Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hatice Eke Gungor
- Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
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Wang LF, Chien CY, Tai CF, Chiang FY, Chen JY. Vitamin D decreases the secretion of eotaxin and RANTES in nasal polyp fibroblasts derived from Taiwanese patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2015; 31:63-9. [PMID: 25645983 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are important inflammatory cells involved in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Vitamin D and its derivatives, in addition to their classic role as regulators of electrolytes homeostasis, have modulatory effects in immunological and inflammatory responses. Such properties suggest that vitamin D might also play a role in inflammatory airway diseases such as CRSwNP. In this study, we investigated the effect of vitamin D derivatives (calcitriol and tacalcitol) on the secretion of eotaxin and Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES), the two major eosinophil chemoattractants, in fibroblasts derived from the polyps of Taiwanese CRSwNP patients. Patients diagnosed with eosinophilic CRSwNP but without malignancies or asthma and undergoing elective endoscopic sinus surgery were recruited. Three primary fibroblast cultures were established using the polyp specimens obtained from these patients. The third to eighth passages of the fibroblasts were used for in vitro studies. Nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts were stimulated with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) for 24 hours, followed by replacement with media alone or with calcitriol or tacalcitol (10 μM) and incubation for another 24 hours. After the treatments, the levels of secreted eotaxin and RANTES were evaluated by ELISA assays. The results showed that IL-1β could substantially stimulate the secretion of eotaxin (p < 0.01) and RANTES (p < 0.01) in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts. More importantly, this stimulatory effect was significantly suppressed by adding calcitriol (p ≤ 0.002 for eotaxin and p ≤ 0.008 for RANTES) or tacalcitol (p ≤ 0.009 for eotaxin and p ≤ 0.02 for RANTES). Therefore, the inhibitory effect of vitamin D derivatives on eotaxin and RANTES secretion might shed light not only on the disease mechanism, but also on the potential use of vitamin D in pharmacotherapy of Taiwanese patients with CRSwNP.
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Squebola-Cola DM, De Mello GC, Anhê GF, Condino-Neto A, DeSouza IA, Antunes E. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins A and B inhibit human and mice eosinophil chemotaxis and adhesion in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:664-71. [PMID: 25445958 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus aggravates the allergic eosinophilic inflammation. We hypothesized that Staphylococcus aureus-derived enterotoxins directly affect eosinophil functions. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of Staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B (SEA and SEB) on human and mice eosinophil chemotaxis and adhesion in vitro, focusing on p38 MAPK phosphorylation and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization. Eosinophil chemotaxis was evaluated using a microchemotaxis chamber, whereas adhesion was performed in VCAM-1 and ICAM-1-coated plates. Measurement of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and intracellular Ca(2+) levels were monitored by flow cytometry and fluorogenic calcium-binding dye, respectively. Prior incubation (30 to 240 min) of human blood eosinophils with SEA (0.5 to 3 ng/ml) significantly reduced eotaxin-, PAF- and RANTES-induced chemotaxis (P<0.05). Likewise, SEB (1 ng/ml, 30 min) significantly reduced eotaxin-induced human eosinophil chemotaxis (P<0.05). The reduction of eotaxin-induced human eosinophil chemotaxis by SEA and SEB was prevented by anti-MHC monoclonal antibody (1 μg/ml). In addition, SEA and SEB nearly suppressed the eotaxin-induced human eosinophil adhesion in ICAM-1- and VCAM-1-coated plates. SEA and SEB prevented the increases of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and Ca(2+) levels in eotaxin-activated human eosinophils. In separate protocols, we evaluated the effects of SEA on chemotaxis and adhesion of eosinophils obtained from mice bone marrow. SEA (10 ng/ml) significantly reduced the eotaxin-induced chemotaxis along with cell adhesion to both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1-coated plates (P<0.05). In conclusion, the inhibition by SEA and SEB of eosinophil functions (chemotaxis and adhesion) are associated with reductions of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalize M Squebola-Cola
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia C De Mello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F Anhê
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivani A DeSouza
- Department of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Kanei A, Asano K, Kanai KI, Furuta A, Sasaki K, Suzaki H. Inhibitory action of levocetirizine on the production of eosinophil chemoattractants RANTES and eotaxin in vitro and in vivo. In Vivo 2014; 28:657-666. [PMID: 24982238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are well known to play essential roles in the development and maintenance of allergic diseases. However, the influence of histamine H1 receptor antagonists on eosinophil functions, especially chemokine production, are not well-defined. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the influence of histamine H1 receptor antagonist on chemokine production by eosinophils through the use of levocetirizine in vitro and in vivo. Eosinophils prepared from mice were stimulated with specific antigens in the presence of different concentrations of levocetirizine. After 24 h, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and eotaxin levels in culture supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis were treated with 5 mg levocetirizine once a day for four weeks during the pollen season (February 2012 to April 2012). RANTES and eotaxin levels in nasal secretions were also examined by ELISA. The addition of levocetirizine to eosinophil cultures caused a dose-dependent decrease in the ability of cells to produce RANTES and eotaxin in response to antigen stimulation, and the minimum concentration that caused a significant decrease was 0.05 μM. Although cetirizine also exerted suppressive effects on the production of RANTES and eotaxin by eosinophils, the minimum concentration that caused significant suppression was 0.15 μM, which was three-times higher than that of levocetirizine. Oral administration of levocetirizine for four weeks also reduced RANTES and eotaxin levels in nasal secretions from patients with pollinosis, along with attenuation of clinical symptoms. The ability of levocetirizine to reduce RANTES and eotaxin levels may account, at least in part, for the clinical efficacy of the agent for allergic disorders, including allergic rhinitis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Antigens/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cetirizine/pharmacology
- Chemokine CCL5/biosynthesis
- Chemotactic Factors/biosynthesis
- Eosinophils/drug effects
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Eosinophils/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Leukocyte Count
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/genetics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kanei
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Asano
- Division of Physiology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences, Showa University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kanai
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Furuta
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Harumi Suzaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Adar T, Shteingart S, Ben Ya'acov A, Bar-Gil Shitrit A, Goldin E. From airway inflammation to inflammatory bowel disease: eotaxin-1, a key regulator of intestinal inflammation. Clin Immunol 2014; 153:199-208. [PMID: 24786916 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eotaxin-1 (CCL-11) is a potent eosinophil chemoattractant that is considered a major contributor to tissue eosinophilia. Elevated eotaxin-1 levels have been described in various pathologic conditions, ranging from airway inflammation, to Hodgkin lymphoma, obesity and coronary artery disease. The main receptor for eotaxin-1 is CCR3; however, recent evidence indicates that eotaxin-1 may also bind to other receptors expressed by various cell types, suggesting a more widespread regulatory role for eotaxin-1 beyond the recruitment of eosinophils. Eotaxin-1 is also strongly associated with various gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Although the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unknown, eotaxin-1 may play a key role in the development of mucosal inflammation. In this review, we summarize the biological context and effects of eotaxin-1, as well as its potential role as a therapeutic target, with a special focus on gastrointestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Adar
- Digestive Disease Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Shimon Shteingart
- Digestive Disease Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ami Ben Ya'acov
- Digestive Disease Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariella Bar-Gil Shitrit
- Digestive Disease Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eran Goldin
- Digestive Disease Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Kuo NW, Gao YG, Schill MS, Isern N, Dupureur CM, LiWang PJ. Structural insights into the interaction between a potent anti-inflammatory protein, viral CC chemokine inhibitor (vCCI), and the human CC chemokine, Eotaxin-1. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:6592-6603. [PMID: 24482230 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.538991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines play important roles in the immune system, not only recruiting leukocytes to the site of infection and inflammation but also guiding cell homing and cell development. The soluble poxvirus-encoded protein viral CC chemokine inhibitor (vCCI), a CC chemokine inhibitor, can bind to human CC chemokines tightly to impair the host immune defense. This protein has no known homologs in eukaryotes and may represent a potent method to stop inflammation. Previously, our structure of the vCCI·MIP-1β (macrophage inflammatory protein-1β) complex indicated that vCCI uses negatively charged residues in β-sheet II to interact with positively charged residues in the MIP-1β N terminus, 20s region and 40s loop. However, the interactions between vCCI and other CC chemokines have not yet been fully explored. Here, we used NMR and fluorescence anisotropy to study the interaction between vCCI and eotaxin-1 (CCL11), a CC chemokine that is an important factor in the asthma response. NMR results reveal that the binding pattern is very similar to the vCCI·MIP-1β complex and suggest that electrostatic interactions provide a major contribution to binding. Fluorescence anisotropy results on variants of eotaxin-1 further confirm the critical roles of the charged residues in eotaxin-1. In addition, the binding affinity between vCCI and other wild type CC chemokines, MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), MIP-1β, and RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted), were determined as 1.1, 1.2, and 0.22 nm, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first work quantitatively measuring the binding affinity between vCCI and multiple CC chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Wei Kuo
- Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343
| | - Yong-Guang Gao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Megan S Schill
- Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343
| | - Nancy Isern
- High Field NMR Facility, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Cynthia M Dupureur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
| | - Patricia J LiWang
- Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343.
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Huang WC, Chan CC, Wu SJ, Chen LC, Shen JJ, Kuo ML, Chen MC, Liou CJ. Matrine attenuates allergic airway inflammation and eosinophil infiltration by suppressing eotaxin and Th2 cytokine production in asthmatic mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 151:470-7. [PMID: 24231072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Matrine has been isolated from Sophora flavescens, and found to show anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages and anti-cachectic effects in hepatomas. The present study investigated whether matrine suppressed eosinophil infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in mice, and decreased the inflammatory response of tracheal epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin to induce allergic asthma in mice. These asthmatic mice were given various doses of matrine by intraperitoneal injection. Additionally, activated human tracheal epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) were treated with matrine, and evaluated for levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. RESULTS We found that matrine significantly decreased AHR, and suppressed goblet cell hyperplasia, eosinophil infiltration, and inflammatory response in the lung tissue of asthmatic mice. Matrine also reduced the levels of Th2 cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and suppressed OVA-IgE production in serum. Furthermore, matrine treatment of activated BEAS-2B cells decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines and eotaxins, as well as suppressed ICAM-1 expression and thus adhesion of eosinophils to inflammatory BEAS-2B cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that matrine can improve allergic asthma in mice, and therefore has potential therapeutic potential in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chi Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedica Science, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ju Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Jong Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kuo, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedica Science, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedica Science, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Jiun Liou
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Saito Y, Takeda M, Nishikawa J, Konno Y, Tamaki M, Itoga M, Kobayashi Y, Moritoki Y, Ito W, Chihara J, Ueki S. The effect of pharmacological PI3Kγ inhibitor on eotaxin-induced human eosinophil functions. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 27:164-9. [PMID: 24333185 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation caused by activation of immune cells including Th2 lymphocytes and eosinophils. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) γ deficient asthmatic mice did not develop lung eosinophilia, although the detailed mechanisms are not well known. A CC chemokine eotaxin (CCL11) plays a prominent role in developing eosinophilic inflammation through CCR3. In this study, we tested the roles of PI3Kγ in eotaxin-induced eosinophil functions using a pharmacological inhibitor. METHOD Human peripheral blood eosinophils were isolated by CD16-negative selection method. The effect of AS605240, synthetic PI3Kγ inhibitor on eotaxin-induced adhesion, chemotaxis, and degranulation were studied using intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-coated plates, Boyden chamber system, ELISA for eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) levels in the culture supernatant, respectively. CCR3 expression levels and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation were assessed by flowcytometry. Involvement of PI3Kγ in spontaneous apoptosis was studied using flowcytometry. RESULTS Although AS605240 did not affect the eosinophil spontaneous apoptosis, eotaxin-induced chemotaxis, adhesion to ICAM-1 coated plate, and EDN release were inhibited by AS605240. AS605240 also inhibited the eotaxin-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation without down-regulation of surface CCR3 expression. CONCLUSION These results indicate that PI3Kγ inhibitor attenuates eotaxin-induced eosinophil functions by suppressing the downstream signaling of CCR3 without significant cytotoxicity. PI3Kγ plays an important role in the development of eosinophilic inflammation and blockade of PI3Kγ might be a therapeutic strategy for treatment of eosinophil-related diseases including asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Saito
- Department of Infection, Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Masahide Takeda
- Department of Infection, Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
| | - Junko Nishikawa
- Department of Infection, Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yasunori Konno
- Department of Infection, Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Mami Tamaki
- Department of Infection, Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Masamichi Itoga
- Department of Infection, Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kobayashi
- Department of Infection, Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yuki Moritoki
- Department of Infection, Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Wataru Ito
- Department of Infection, Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Junichi Chihara
- Department of Infection, Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Department of Infection, Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Wang X, Ma C, Zhang Y, Ning L, Chen H, Zhou F. Clinical Significance of the Dynamic Changes in Serum Eotaxin, Interleukin 13 and Total IgE in Children with Bronchial Asthma. Iran J Pediatr 2013; 23:525-30. [PMID: 24800011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the serum levels of eotaxin, IL-13 and total IgE (TIgE) in asthmatic children during the acute and clinical remission periods, as well as the changes in pulmonary function to determine their roles, relationships and clinical significance during asthma exacerbation. METHODS A total of 30 asthmatic children and 22 healthy children were enrolled in the study. The serum eotaxin and IL-13 levels were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the TIgE level was detected using a fluorescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The asthmatic children were subjected to pulmonary function tests. FINDINGS The serum eotaxin, IL-13 and TIgE levels of the asthmatic children during the acute period significantly differed from those during clinical remission. The serum eotaxin, IL-13 and TIgE levels of the asthmatic children during both periods significantly differed from those of healthy children (P<0.001). The serum eotaxin levels during the acute and clinical remission periods were positively correlated with serum IL-13 and with TIgE, and serum IL-13 was correlated with serum TIgE. The pulmonary function indices of asthmatic children during the acute period significantly differed from those during clinical remission (P<0.001). The serum eotaxin and IL-13 levels in the asthmatic children were positively correlated with the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and the peak expiratory flow (PEF) during the acute and clinical remission periods (P<0.05). However, the serum TIgE levels in asthmatic children were not significantly correlated with the FEV1 and PEF during both periods (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Serum TIgE, IL-13 and eotaxin influence each other during exacerbation of bronchial asthma and influence the corresponding pathophysiologic changes. Serum IL-13 and eotaxin could be used as markers for evaluating the severity of bronchial asthma.
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Kim HJ, Kim CH, Lee DH, Han MW, Kim MY, Ju JH, Do MS. Expression of eotaxin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the effects of weight loss in high-fat diet induced obese mice. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:11-9. [PMID: 21487491 PMCID: PMC3061264 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eotaxin is an important inflammatory chemokine in eosinophil chemotaxis and activation and, thus, is implicated in asthma. Recently, obesity was associated with an increased prevalence of asthma, but the relationship between obesity and eotaxin expression has only been partially understood in obese mice and human studies. Therefore, we studied the expression patterns of eotaxin in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes/adipocytes to determine whether eotaxin levels are influenced by body weight gain and/or reduction in diet-induced obese mice. First, we investigated eotaxin expression during differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Then, we treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes/adipocytes with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), eotaxin, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, or leptin. To examine the effects of weight loss in high-fat diet induced obese mice, we fed C57BL/6 mice a high-fat diet or a normal diet for 26 weeks. Then, half of the high-fat diet group were fed a normal diet until 30 weeks to reduce weight. Epididymal adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, serum, and bronchoalveolar fluid of mice were examined for eotaxin expression. The results showed that eotaxin expression levels increased with adipocyte differentiation and that more eotaxin was expressed when the cells were stimulated with TNF-α, eotaxin, IL-4, IL-5, or leptin. An in vivo study showed that eotaxin levels were reduced in visceral adipose tissues when high-fat diet fed mice underwent weight loss. Taken together, these results indicate a close relationship between eotaxin expression and obesity as well as weight loss, thus, they indirectly show a relation to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Heunghae-eup, Buk-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongbuk 791-708, Korea
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