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Lim JH, Jang YS, Kim DB, Jang SY, Park EC. Association between body mass index and atopic dermatitis among adolescents: Findings from a national cross-sectional study in Korea. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307140. [PMID: 39028723 PMCID: PMC11259265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between atopic dermatitis and childhood overweight and obesity has been studied extensively, but the results are inconclusive; most studies have focused on body mass index as a measure of obesity, with few investigating the relationship with underweight. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between body mass index levels and atopic dermatitis in Korean adolescents. METHODS 3-year (2019-2021) of Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey were used. Body mass index was used to measure obesity and a recent diagnosis within the past year was used as the criterion for atopic dermatitis. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the associations. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 144,183 adolescents aged 12-18 years were included in this study (74,704 males and 69,479 females). Over the past year, 5.4% of males and 7.3% of females were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis in the study population. Adolescents with normal weight (males [OR: 1.19, CI: 1.02-1.38]; females [OR: 1.26, CI: 1.10-1.43]) and overweight (males [OR: 1.37, CI: 1.16-1.61]; females [OR: 1.37, CI: 1.19-1.58]) were more likely to develop atopic dermatitis than underweight. CONCLUSION Increased degree of obesity may contribute to the development of atopic dermatitis. The normal-weight and obese adolescents had higher likelihood of developing atopic dermatitis compared with the underweight adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyeok Lim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seo Jang
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Bi Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Yong Jang
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Healthcare Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim D, Shin JS, Kim SY, Kim J. Six-year trend of subsequent allergic diseases following Kawasaki disease and its clinical implications: A population-based matched cohort study of 34,712 patients. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2024; 35:e14176. [PMID: 38899598 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that allergic diseases may increase after Kawasaki disease (KD). We aimed to analyze the temporal patterns of allergic disease incidence after KD. METHODS A nationwide population-based matched cohort study was conducted using data from the Korean National Health Insurance claims database. Patients aged <5 years diagnosed with KD and their 1:3 propensity score-matched controls were included. Three cohorts were established: Cohort A, patients with allergies; Cohort B, patients without allergies; and Cohort C, patients without allergies, but excluding patients with birth history and underlying medical conditions. Cumulative incidence rates (%) and associated hospital visits for allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and asthma were compared between the cases and controls during the 6-year follow-up period. RESULTS The study population comprised 8678 patients diagnosed with KD and 26,034 controls. In Cohort A, although initially, there were intergroup differences in the number of hospital visits for certain allergic diseases, these differences were inconsistent and varied depending on the type of allergic disease. Over time, the differences narrowed, and by the sixth year, the gap had decreased significantly. In Cohorts B and C, the initial incidence rates of the four allergic diseases and associated hospital visits were lower in patients with KD as compared to controls. However, with a faster rate of increase, the incidence rates and number of hospital visits eventually surpassed those of the controls. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of delayed increase in cumulative incidence rates and hospital visits for allergic diseases after KD suggests the possibility of a shared genetic or immunologic susceptibility between KD and allergic diseases, which becomes evident over time, rather than a direct influence of KD resulting in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongeon Kim
- Division of Infection, Department of Pediatrics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seong Shin
- Division of Infection, Department of Pediatrics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Young Kim
- Division of Infection, Department of Pediatrics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Division of Infection, Department of Pediatrics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shin S, Lee JY, Cho H, Kim M, Kim S, Jang S, Song J, Kim J, Kim S, Ahn K. Prevalence of Severe Atopic Dermatitis and Comorbid Chronic Systemic Diseases Is Increasing in Korean Children and Adolescents. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2024; 16:300-307. [PMID: 38910287 PMCID: PMC11199157 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.3.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Severe atopic dermatitis (AD) is not a localized cutaneous disease, but a systemic disease that often accompanies comorbidities. In this nationwide population-based study, we aimed to analyze the prevalence of severe AD and chronic systemic diseases in Koreans aged ≤ 20 years between 2011 and 2019 using the data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Total AD and severe AD were defined according to the International Classification of Diseases-10 code L20. In children aged 6-20 years, the prevalence of severe AD significantly increased from 0.02% in 2011 to 0.04% in 2019 (P for trend < 0.001), with the ratio of severe AD to total AD increasing from 0.76% in 2011 to 1.10% in 2019 (P for trend < 0.001). The prevalence rates of severe AD significantly increased between 2011 and 2019 in children aged 6-12 years (P for trend < 0.05) and 13-18 years (P for trend < 0.001). Severe AD was more frequently found in males than in females each year (all P < 0.001, from 2011 to 2019). During the period from 2011 to 2019, the prevalence rate of chronic systemic diseases was higher in subjects with severe AD than in those without AD (P < 0.001) or with mild-to-moderate AD (P < 0.001). In conclusion, our results suggest that the prevalence of severe AD is increasing in Korean children and adolescents and is higher in males and older age groups. Moreover, severe AD is associated with chronic systemic diseases. Therefore, more attention should be paid to managing severe AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Cho
- Academic Research Service Headquarter, LSK Global PS, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Korea
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehun Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonwoo Kim
- Academic Research Service Headquarter, LSK Global PS, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Seoul, Korea.
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Chen HY, Chen CL, Wu YH, Lin TK, Su YN, Guo YL, Lin SY, Lee CN. Neonatal Filaggrin Genetic Screening and Counseling to Prevent Atopic Dermatitis in High-Risk Infants. Dermatitis 2024. [PMID: 38563786 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2023.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background: Mutations in filaggrin (FLG), the gene that codes for the skin barrier protein, have been shown to be associated with atopic dermatitis (AD). Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of genetic counseling and parental education on infants at a high risk of AD. Methods: We enrolled 7521 newborns in Taiwan from January 1, 2016, to March 30, 2020, and all of them received genetic testing encompassing 20 known FLG mutations. The genetic counseling and AD prevention and care team consisted of pediatricians, dermatologists, social workers, and genetic counselors. The counseling was arranged for at least 30 minutes within 45 days after delivery. Results: A total of 2963 high-risk infants (39.4%) were identified. Homozygous c.1432C>T was the most commonly identified mutation. A total of 418 neonates' parents were stratified into counseling and noncounseling groups, where the effect of parental education was evaluated. The genetically stratified parental education program was effective in preventing AD development by 63.3% in high-risk infants before 12 months of life (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Genetic stratification and parental education are effective in preventing the development of AD in high-risk infants before 12 months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ying Chen
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program for Precision Health and Intelligent Medicine, Graduate School of Advanced Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ling Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Kang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sofiva Genomics Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ning Su
- Dianthus Maternal Fetal Medicine Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sofiva Genomics Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Liang Guo
- Department of Environment and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yu Lin
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Nan Lee
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kang J, Park J, Lee M, Kim HJ, Kwon R, Kim S, Rahmati M, Ai K, Smith L, Kim MS, Cho SH, Kim T, Yon DK. National Trends and Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis and Pandemic-Related Factors among Korean Adults, 2007-2021. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024; 185:320-333. [PMID: 38246157 PMCID: PMC11126200 DOI: 10.1159/000535666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have variably reported inconclusive trends in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) among adults, and there are limited data on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to investigate the national trends and age-stratified prevalence of AD among adults from 2007 to 2021 in South Korea, focusing mainly on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic-related factors. METHODS A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2007 to 2021. Overall and age-stratified prevalence for AD were assessed using weighted beta coefficients or odds ratios. RESULTS A total of 83,566 adults over 20 years (male, 49.40%) were included. During the observation period, the prevalence of AD was stable in the overall population from 2.61% (95% CI, 2.29-2.93) in 2007-2009 to 2.15% (1.68-2.63) in 2020 and 2.38% (1.81-2.95) in 2021. However, the weighted prevalence of AD in adults aged 40-59 years old decreased during the pre-pandemic era, and the prevalence of AD in adults aged above 60 years significantly decreased during the pandemic, with a significant decline observed after the initial outbreak. From age-stratification analysis, the adults aged 40-59 years showed a significant increase after the pandemic outbreak which was evident in specific variables: individuals with rural residence, lower education, and lower household income quartiles. Adults aged above 60 years showed a significant decrease in the slope after the outbreak, evident in specific variables: individuals of female, rural residence, lower education, and lower household income quartiles. CONCLUSION We observed a stable overall prevalence of AD throughout the 15-year observation period. However, the age-stratified analysis suggested significantly different trends according to age-stratified groups and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseung Kang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaeyu Park
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeongcheol Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rosie Kwon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Koyanagi Ai
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seong H. Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim JH, Lee E, Ha EK, Shin J, Lee GC, Rha YH, Han MY. Cascade of atopic dermatitis comorbidities in children after birth for 15 years. Allergy 2024; 79:153-163. [PMID: 37843069 DOI: 10.1111/all.15917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with atopic dermatitis often develop other conditions. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine how atopic dermatitis comorbidities develop in children over time. METHODS This population-based administrative cohort study used national health insurance data. We traced individuals born in Korea between 2002 and 2003 to 2018. The date of initial atopic dermatitis diagnosis was set as the index date. Fifty-three childhood comorbidities of atopic dermatitis were identified as outcomes of interest by performing a comprehensive literature search and comparing the prevalence of diagnostic codes in children with and without atopic dermatitis. Four control children per individual in the atopic dermatitis group were randomly matched based on sex and index date. The association between atopic dermatitis and the development of each specified disease was assessed using proportional hazard assumption, followed by mapping of the temporal sequences of interconnected comorbidities. RESULTS The atopic dermatitis and control groups contained 67,632 and 270,528 individuals, respectively. The median age at the index date was 10 months, whereas the median follow-up period was 15 years. Twenty diseases that were associated with a higher risk of atopic dermatitis were identified and a chain of interconnected conditions created. The progression began in childhood with febrile seizures, constipation, and asthma, and was later associated with the emergence of food allergy, allergic rhinitis, psychiatric disorders, and autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the temporal nature of atopic dermatitis comorbidities in children, and indicates that an understanding of the comorbidities may inform its clinical management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Kyo Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeewon Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Gi Chun Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Ho Rha
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Lee E, Kim JH, Cha HR, Ha EK, Shin J, Lee WS, Lee SW, Han MY. Association between atopic dermatitis and school readiness in preschool children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13996. [PMID: 37492912 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although atopic dermatitis (AD) in children affects diverse stages of life, no studies have reported on the association between school readiness and AD. METHODS This study used Korean National Health Insurance data and the Health Screening Program for Infants and Children. Among all children born between 2008 and 2012 in Korea, those who were assessed for school readiness through questionnaires in a health screening program performed at 54 and 60 months old were enrolled. AD was defined based on the International Classification of Diseases codes, with two or more prescriptions of topical corticosteroids during the first 54-60 months of life. The primary outcome was the association between school readiness and AD. The questionnaire relating to school readiness comprised six items - cognitive skills, social development, activeness, concentration, emotional development, and language skills. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the associations between school readiness and AD. RESULTS This study included 239,673 children without AD and 38,229 children with AD. The average age at which school readiness was assessed was 4.8 years. AD was associated with vulnerability in activeness (adjusted odds ratio: 1.127; 95% confidence interval: 1.071-1.186) and concentrations (1.170; 1.093-1.254). The impact of AD on concentrations showed consistent results regardless of sex, exposure to systemic corticosteroids and antihistamines, and age at the diagnosis of AD. CONCLUSIONS Children with AD have vulnerability in school readiness in the aspects of activeness and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Cha
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun Kyo Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeewon Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Won Seok Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Kim J, Kim BE, Goleva E, Berdyshev E, Bae J, Kim S, Kim HY, Lee UH, Kim MS, Jung M, Kim H, Lee J, Leung DYM, Ahn K. Alterations of Epidermal Lipid Profiles and Skin Microbiome in Children With Atopic Dermatitis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 15:186-200. [PMID: 37021505 PMCID: PMC10079518 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.2.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate epidermal lipid profiles and their association with skin microbiome compositions in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS Specimens were obtained by skin tape stripping from 27 children with AD and 18 healthy subjects matched for age and sex. Proteins and lipids of stratum corneum samples from nonlesional and lesional skin of AD patients and normal subjects were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Skin microbiome profiles were analyzed using bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Ceramides with nonhydroxy fatty acids (FAs) and C18 sphingosine as their sphingoid base (C18-NS-CERs) N-acylated with C16, C18 and C22 FAs, sphingomyelin (SM) N-acylated with C18 FAs, and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) with C16 FAs were increased in AD lesional skin compared to those in AD nonlesional skin and that of control subjects (all P < 0.01). SMs N-acylated with C16 FAs were increased in AD lesional skin compared to control subjects (P < 0.05). The ratio of NS-CERs with long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (C24-32:C14-22), the ratio of LPC with LCFAs to SCFAs (C24-30:C16-22) as well as the ratio of total esterified omega-hydroxy ceramides to total NS-CERs were negatively correlated with transepidermal water loss (rho coefficients = -0.738, -0.528, and -0.489, respectively; all P < 0.001). The proportions of Firmicutes and Staphylococcus were positively correlated to SCFAs including NS ceramides (C14-22), SMs (C17-18), and LPCs (C16), while the proportions of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Corynebacterium, Enhydrobacteria, and Micrococcus were negatively correlated to these SCFAs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that pediatric AD skin shows aberrant lipid profiles, and these alterations are associated with skin microbial dysbiosis and cutaneous barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Eui Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Elena Goleva
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Evgeny Berdyshev
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jaewoong Bae
- R&D Institute, BioEleven Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Seokjin Kim
- R&D Institute, BioEleven Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Un Ha Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung Shin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minyoung Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyunmi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donald Y M Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Seoul, Korea.
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Trends (2007-2019) of major atopic diseases throughout the life span in a large Mexican population. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100732. [PMID: 36694619 PMCID: PMC9841056 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Major atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and asthma share the same atopic background, but they often show differences in their epidemiological behavior. Objective We aimed to report the profile of these atopic diseases in a large Mexican population, including their age-related incidences, male:female (M:F) ratios, recent time trends, and association with altitude. Methods Registries from the largest, nationwide health institution in Mexico (more than 34 million insured subjects), were reviewed. New cases of AD, AR, and asthma diagnosed each year by family physicians from 2007 to 2019 were adjusted by the corresponding insured population to estimate incidence rates. Results Incidences of the 3 atopic diseases were highest in the 0-4 years age-group and progressively decreased thereafter until adolescence. Asthma and AR, but not AD, were more frequent in males during childhood (M:F ratios of 1.5, 1.3, and 0.95, respectively), but predominated in females during adulthood (M:F ratios of 0.52, 0.68, and 0.73, respectively). Time trends showed an initial increasing trend of annual incidences, with a peak around 2009-2011, and a downward trend afterward. This decreasing trend was seen in all age-groups and was more evident for AD (∼50% drop) and asthma (∼40% drop) than for AR (∼20% drop). Geographical distribution suggested that incidences of asthma and AR, but not of AD, had an inverse association with altitude. Conclusion Annual incidences of the 3 major atopic diseases have declined in recent years in almost all age groups, and their epidemiological profile during the life span showed contrasting differences according to age, sex, and ecological association with altitude, mainly regarding AD.
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Choi HG, Kim JH, An YH, Park MW, Wee JH. Changes in the Mean and Variance of the Numbers of Medical Visits for Allergic Diseases before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154266. [PMID: 35893358 PMCID: PMC9331054 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of precautionary measures, such as wearing a mask and social distancing, may have affected allergic diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to compare the numbers of medical visits for allergic diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance claims database. Monthly numbers of patients for four allergic diseases, i.e., allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD), and allergic conjunctivitis (AC), were evaluated using ICD-10 codes and compared between the ‘before COVID-19’ period from January 2018 to February 2020, and the ‘during COVID-19’ period from March 2020 to June 2021, since the first COVID-19 patient was detected on 20 January 2020, in Korea. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age and sex. The mean numbers of medical visits for AR and asthma were significantly greater before COVID-19 than those during COVID-19 (both p < 0.001). The variance in the number of medical visits for asthma decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the mean number of medical visits for AD increased slightly during COVID-19 and that for AC did not change before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In subgroup analyses, the results showed a similar pattern to that of the total number of participants, regardless of age and sex. In conclusion, medical visits for AR and asthma significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea;
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Yong-Hwi An
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Korea;
| | - Min Woo Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Korea;
| | - Jee Hye Wee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-380-3849
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Kim J, Ahn K. Atopic dermatitis endotypes: knowledge for personalized medicine. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:153-159. [PMID: 35152229 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Endotypes are clinically relevant phenotypes that can be explained by molecular mechanisms, and are defined to predict the development, progression, prognosis and responses to treatment on the individual level. This review summarizes atopic dermatitis phenotypes, endotypes and their potential application for personalized medicine. RECENT FINDINGS Atopic dermatitis can be classified into several phenotypes according to disease courses that likely have common pathophysiology. The genotype is important to define endotypes, but the value of genotype alone remains somewhat limited in most atopic dermatitis patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that atopic dermatitis phenotypes according to ethnicity or age can be classified into endotypes based on the dominant immunologic markers, that is TH1/TH2/TH17/TH22 cells. Newly developed biologic agents targeting specific cytokines show therapeutic potential in a personalized medicine approach. SUMMARY Cytokine-based endotypes in different age groups or ethnic groups have contributed to expanding our understanding of atopic dermatitis. Recent biologics or small molecules can be used for more personalized treatment of atopic dermatitis. Further research using integrated multiomic analysis is needed to define a more detailed classification of endotypes and provide endotype-driven targeted therapies for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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