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Prieto-Fernández L, Montoro-Jiménez I, de Luxan-Delgado B, Otero-Rosales M, Rodrigo JP, Calvo F, García-Pedrero JM, Álvarez-Teijeiro S. Dissecting the functions of cancer-associated fibroblasts to therapeutically target head and neck cancer microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114502. [PMID: 37002578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNC) are a diverse group of aggressive malignancies with high morbidity and mortality, leading to almost half-million deaths annually worldwide. A better understanding of the molecular processes governing tumor formation and progression is crucial to improve current diagnostic and prognostic tools as well as to develop more personalized treatment strategies. Tumors are highly complex and heterogeneous structures in which growth and dissemination is not only governed by the cancer cells intrinsic mechanisms, but also by the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) emerge as predominant TME components and key players in the generation of permissive conditions that ultimately impact in tumor progression and metastatic dissemination. Although CAFs were initially considered a consequence of tumor development, it is now well established that they actively contribute to numerous cancer hallmarks i.e., tumor cell growth, migration and invasion, cancer cell stemness, angiogenesis, metabolic reprograming, inflammation, and immune system modulation. In this scenario, therapeutic strategies targeting CAF functions could potentially have a major impact in cancer therapeutics, providing avenues for new treatment options or for improving efficacy in established approaches. This review is focused on thoroughly dissecting existing evidences supporting the contribution of CAFs in HNC biology with an emphasis on current knowledge of the key molecules and pathways involved in CAF-tumor crosstalk, and their potential as novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to effectively interfere the tumor-stroma crosstalk for HNC patients benefit. involved in CAF-tumor crosstalk, and their potential as novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to effec- tively interfere the tumor-stroma crosstalk for HNC patients benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llara Prieto-Fernández
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Montoro-Jiménez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Luxan-Delgado
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Otero-Rosales
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Calvo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Saúl Álvarez-Teijeiro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Peng S, Fu Y. FYN: emerging biological roles and potential therapeutic targets in cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:84. [PMID: 36740671 PMCID: PMC9901160 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Src family protein kinases (SFKs) play a key role in cell adhesion, invasion, proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and angiogenesis during tumor development. In humans, SFKs consists of eight family members with similar structure and function. There is a high level of overexpression or hyperactivity of SFKs in tumor, and they play an important role in multiple signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis. FYN is a member of the SFKs that regulate normal cellular processes. Additionally, FYN is highly expressed in many cancers and promotes cancer growth and metastasis through diverse biological functions such as cell growth, apoptosis, and motility migration, as well as the development of drug resistance in many tumors. Moreover, FYN is involved in the regulation of multiple cancer-related signaling pathways, including interactions with ERK, COX-2, STAT5, MET and AKT. FYN is therefore an attractive therapeutic target for various tumor types, and suppressing FYN can improve the prognosis and prolong the life of patients. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of FYN's structure, expression, upstream regulators, downstream substrate molecules, and biological functions in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- SanFei Peng
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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3
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Kori M, Turanli B, Arga KY. Drug repositioning via host-pathogen protein-protein interactions for the treatment of cervical cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1096081. [PMID: 36761959 PMCID: PMC9905826 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1096081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Integrating interaction data with biological knowledge can be a critical approach for drug development or drug repurposing. In this context, host-pathogen-protein-protein interaction (HP-PPI) networks are useful instrument to uncover the phenomena underlying therapeutic effects in infectious diseases, including cervical cancer, which is almost exclusively due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Cervical cancer is one of the second leading causes of death, and HPV16 and HPV18 are the most common subtypes worldwide. Given the limitations of traditionally used virus-directed drug therapies for infectious diseases and, at the same time, recent cancer statistics for cervical cancer cases, the need for innovative treatments becomes clear. Methods Accordingly, in this study, we emphasize the potential of host proteins as drug targets and identify promising host protein candidates for cervical cancer by considering potential differences between HPV subtypes (i.e., HPV16 and HPV18) within a novel bioinformatics framework that we have developed. Subsequently, subtype-specific HP-PPI networks were constructed to obtain host proteins. Using this framework, we next selected biologically significant host proteins. Using these prominent host proteins, we performed drug repurposing analysis. Finally, by following our framework we identify the most promising host-oriented drug candidates for cervical cancer. Results As a result of this framework, we discovered both previously associated and novel drug candidates, including interferon alfacon-1, pimecrolimus, and hyaluronan specifically for HPV16 and HPV18 subtypes, respectively. Discussion Consequently, with this study, we have provided valuable data for further experimental and clinical efforts and presented a novel bioinformatics framework that can be applied to any infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medi Kori
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye,*Correspondence: Medi Kori,
| | - Beste Turanli
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye,Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Vu AT, Akingunsade L, Hoffer K, Petersen C, Betz CS, Rothkamm K, Rieckmann T, Bussmann L, Kriegs M. Src family kinase targeting in head and neck tumor cells using SU6656, PP2 and dasatinib. Head Neck 2023; 45:147-155. [PMID: 36285353 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently shown a frequent upregulation of Src-family kinases (SFK) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here we tested, if SFK targeting is effective especially in HNSCC cells with upregulated SFK signaling. METHODS The impact of SFK inhibitors SU6656, PP2 and dasatinib on three HNSCC cell lines with different SFK activity levels was analyzed using proliferation and colony formation assays, Western blot and functional kinomics. RESULTS Proliferation was blocked by all inhibitors in a micro-molar range. With respect to cell kill, dasatinib was most effective, while SU6656 showed moderate and PP2 minor effects. Cellular signaling was affected differently, with PP2 having no effect on SFK signaling while dasatinib probably has non-SFK specific effects. Only SU6656 showed clear SFK specific effects on signaling. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate potential benefit of SFK inhibition in HNSCC but they also highlight challenges due to non-specificities of the different drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Vu
- Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Akingunsade
- Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hoffer
- Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Stephan Betz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Bussmann
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Gray J, Fernández-Suárez ME, Falah M, Smith D, Smith C, Kaya E, Palmer AM, Fog CK, Kirkegaard T, Platt FM. Heat shock protein amplification improves cerebellar myelination in the Npc1 nih mouse model. EBioMedicine 2022; 86:104374. [PMID: 36455410 PMCID: PMC9713282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare prematurely fatal lysosomal lipid storage disease with limited therapeutic options. The prominent neuropathological hallmarks include hypomyelination and cerebellar atrophy. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of recombinant human heat shock protein 70 (rhHSP70) in preclinical models of the disease. It reduced glycosphingolipid levels in the central nervous system (CNS), improving cerebellar myelination and improved behavioural phenotypes in Npc1nih (Npc1-/-) mice. Furthermore, treatment with arimoclomol, a well-characterised HSP amplifier, attenuated lysosomal storage in NPC patient fibroblasts and improved neurological symptoms in Npc1-/- mice. Taken together, these findings prompted the investigation of the effects of HSP amplification on CNS myelination. METHODS We administered bimoclomol daily or rhHSP70 6 times per week to Npc1-/- (BALB/cNctr-Npc1m1N/J, also named Npc1nih) mice by intraperitoneal injection from P7 through P34 to investigate the impact on CNS myelination. The Src-kinase inhibitor saracatinib was administered with/without bimoclomol twice daily to explore the contribution of Fyn kinase to bimoclomol's effects. FINDINGS Treatment with either bimoclomol or rhHSP70 improved myelination and increased the numbers of mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) as well as the ratio of active-to-inactive forms of phosphorylated Fyn kinase in the cerebellum of Npc1-/- mice. Additionally, treatment with bimoclomol preserved cerebellar weight, an effect that was abrogated when co-administered with saracatinib, an inhibitor of Fyn kinase. Bimoclomol-treated mice also exhibited increased numbers of immature OLs within the cortex. INTERPRETATION These data increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which HSP70 regulates myelination and provide further support for the clinical development of HSP-amplifying therapies in the treatment of NPC. FUNDING Funding for this study was provided by Orphazyme A/S (Copenhagen, Denmark) and a Pathfinder Award from The Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gray
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | | | - Maysa Falah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - David Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Claire Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Ecem Kaya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Ashley M Palmer
- Orphazyme A/S, Ole Maaloes Vej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Cathrine K Fog
- Orphazyme A/S, Ole Maaloes Vej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | | | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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6
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Allen JL, Hames RA, Mastroianni NM, Greenstein AE, Weed SA. Evaluation of the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) inhibitor Andecaliximab as an Anti-invasive therapeutic in Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2022; 132:106008. [PMID: 35803110 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Locoregional and lymphovascular involvement of invasive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) complicates curative treatment. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 is a negative prognostic marker in HNSCC and targets multiple extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates, where it contributes to breaching basement membrane and stromal barriers enabling invasive spread. Andecaliximab (ADX) is a second-generation MMP9 inhibitor well tolerated in clinical trials of gastric and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The impact of selective MMP9 targeting by ADX in HNSCC has not been evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Established and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cell lines were utilized in HNSCC invasion assays to determine the inhibitory ability of MMP9-mediated invasion by ADX. MMP9 expression was confirmed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoblotting. ECM degradation was evaluated with confocal microscopy. Cell invasion from tumor spheroids was monitored by phase microscopy. Histological evaluation was used to determine ADX efficacy in three-dimensional organotypic cultures containing cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). RESULTS MMP9 was expressed in all established and PDX-derived cell lines. While the broad spectrum clinical MMP inhibitor marimastat (BB2516) blocked HNSCC invadopodia function and tumor spheroid invasion, ADX treatment failed to inhibit invadopodia-based matrix degradation, tumor cell or fibroblast-driven ECM invasion in collagen I-based matrices. CONCLUSION ADX monotherapy was ineffective at blocking initial MMP-dependent events of HNSCC invasion, likely due to redundant functions of additional non-targeted MMPs produced by tumor cells and microenvironment. Combination of ADX with existing and emerging therapies targeting additional MMP activation pathways may warrant future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Allen
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States
| | - River A Hames
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States
| | - Natalie M Mastroianni
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States
| | | | - Scott A Weed
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States.
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Klapan K, Simon D, Karaulov A, Gomzikova M, Rizvanov A, Yousefi S, Simon HU. Autophagy and Skin Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:844756. [PMID: 35370701 PMCID: PMC8971629 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.844756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal degradation system that involves the creation of autophagosomes, which eventually fuse with lysosomes and breakdown misfolded proteins and damaged organelles with their enzymes. Autophagy is widely known for its function in cellular homeostasis under physiological and pathological settings. Defects in autophagy have been implicated in the pathophysiology of a variety of human diseases. The new line of evidence suggests that autophagy is inextricably linked to skin disorders. This review summarizes the principles behind autophagy and highlights current findings of autophagy's role in skin disorders and strategies for therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Klapan
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Gomzikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
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8
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Matrix Metalloproteinases Shape the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010146. [PMID: 35008569 PMCID: PMC8745566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression with uncontrolled tumor growth, local invasion, and metastasis depends largely on the proteolytic activity of numerous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which affect tissue integrity, immune cell recruitment, and tissue turnover by degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) components and by releasing matrikines, cell surface-bound cytokines, growth factors, or their receptors. Among the MMPs, MMP-14 is the driving force behind extracellular matrix and tissue destruction during cancer invasion and metastasis. MMP-14 also influences both intercellular as well as cell-matrix communication by regulating the activity of many plasma membrane-anchored and extracellular proteins. Cancer cells and other cells of the tumor stroma, embedded in a common extracellular matrix, interact with their matrix by means of various adhesive structures, of which particularly invadopodia are capable to remodel the matrix through spatially and temporally finely tuned proteolysis. As a deeper understanding of the underlying functional mechanisms is beneficial for the development of new prognostic and predictive markers and for targeted therapies, this review examined the current knowledge of the interplay of the various MMPs in the cancer context on the protein, subcellular, and cellular level with a focus on MMP14.
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Amer M, Shi L, Wolfenson H. The 'Yin and Yang' of Cancer Cell Growth and Mechanosensing. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4754. [PMID: 34638240 PMCID: PMC8507527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer, two unique and seemingly contradictory behaviors are evident: on the one hand, tumors are typically stiffer than the tissues in which they grow, and this high stiffness promotes their malignant progression; on the other hand, cancer cells are anchorage-independent-namely, they can survive and grow in soft environments that do not support cell attachment. How can these two features be consolidated? Recent findings on the mechanisms by which cells test the mechanical properties of their environment provide insight into the role of aberrant mechanosensing in cancer progression. In this review article, we focus on the role of high stiffness on cancer progression, with particular emphasis on tumor growth; we discuss the mechanisms of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction, and their dysregulation in cancerous cells; and we propose that a 'yin and yang' type phenomenon exists in the mechanobiology of cancer, whereby a switch in the type of interaction with the extracellular matrix dictates the outcome of the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Amer
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Lidan Shi
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
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10
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Catara G, Spano D. Combinatorial Strategies to Target Molecular and Signaling Pathways to Disarm Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:689131. [PMID: 34381714 PMCID: PMC8352560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.689131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an urgent public health issue with a very huge number of cases all over the world expected to increase by 2040. Despite improved diagnosis and therapeutic protocols, it remains the main leading cause of death in the world. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a tumor subpopulation defined by ability to self-renewal and to generate the heterogeneous and differentiated cell lineages that form the tumor bulk. These cells represent a major concern in cancer treatment due to resistance to conventional protocols of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. In fact, although partial or complete tumor regression can be achieved in patients, these responses are often followed by cancer relapse due to the expansion of CSCs population. The aberrant activation of developmental and oncogenic signaling pathways plays a relevant role in promoting CSCs therapy resistance. Although several targeted approaches relying on monotherapy have been developed to affect these pathways, they have shown limited efficacy. Therefore, an urgent need to design alternative combinatorial strategies to replace conventional regimens exists. This review summarizes the preclinical studies which provide a proof of concept of therapeutic efficacy of combinatorial approaches targeting the CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Spano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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11
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Bußmann L, Hoffer K, von Bargen CM, Droste C, Lange T, Kemmling J, Schröder-Schwarz J, Vu AT, Akingunsade L, Nollau P, Rangarajan S, de Wijn R, Oetting A, Müller C, Böckelmann LC, Zech HB, Berger JC, Möckelmann N, Busch CJ, Böttcher A, Gatzemeier F, Klinghammer K, Simnica D, Binder M, Struve N, Rieckmann T, Schumacher U, Clauditz TS, Betz CS, Petersen C, Rothkamm K, Münscher A, Kriegs M. Analyzing tyrosine kinase activity in head and neck cancer by functional kinomics: Identification of hyperactivated Src family kinases as prognostic markers and potential targets. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1166-1180. [PMID: 33890294 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction via protein kinases is of central importance in cancer biology and treatment. However, the clinical success of kinase inhibitors is often hampered by a lack of robust predictive biomarkers, which is also caused by the discrepancy between kinase expression and activity. Therefore, there is a need for functional tests to identify aberrantly activated kinases in individual patients. Here we present a systematic analysis of the tyrosine kinases in head and neck cancer using such a test-functional kinome profiling. We detected increased tyrosine kinase activity in tumors compared with their corresponding normal tissue. Moreover, we identified members of the family of Src kinases (Src family kinases [SFK]) to be aberrantly activated in the majority of the tumors, which was confirmed by additional methods. We could also show that SFK hyperphosphorylation is associated with poor prognosis, while inhibition of SFK impaired cell proliferation, especially in cells with hyperactive SFK. In summary, functional kinome profiling identified SFK to be frequently hyperactivated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. SFK may therefore be potential therapeutic targets. These results furthermore demonstrate how functional tests help to increase our understanding of cancer biology and support the expansion of precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bußmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiation Oncology, UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hoffer
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiation Oncology, UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clara Marie von Bargen
- Department of Pathology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Conrad Droste
- Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kemmling
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schröder-Schwarz
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anh Thu Vu
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Akingunsade
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Nollau
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute Children's Cancer Center, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum-University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Rik de Wijn
- PamGene International B.V., 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Oetting
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Clemens Böckelmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henrike Barbara Zech
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanna Caroline Berger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Möckelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chia-Jung Busch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Böttcher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fruzsina Gatzemeier
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Donjete Simnica
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nina Struve
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Sebastian Clauditz
- Department of Pathology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Stephan Betz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Münscher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Marienkrankenhaus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiation Oncology, UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Small Ones to Fight a Big Problem-Intervention of Cancer Metastasis by Small Molecules. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061454. [PMID: 32503267 PMCID: PMC7352875 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis represents the most lethal attribute of cancer and critically limits successful therapies in many tumor entities. The clinical need is defined by the fact that all cancer patients, who have or who will develop distant metastasis, will experience shorter survival. Thus, the ultimate goal in cancer therapy is the restriction of solid cancer metastasis by novel molecularly targeted small molecule based therapies. Biomarkers identifying cancer patients at high risk for metastasis and simultaneously acting as key drivers for metastasis are extremely desired. Clinical interventions targeting these key molecules will result in high efficiency in metastasis intervention. In result of this, personalized tailored interventions for restriction and prevention of cancer progression and metastasis will improve patient survival. This review defines crucial biological steps of the metastatic cascade, such as cell dissemination, migration and invasion as well as the action of metastasis suppressors. Targeting these biological steps with tailored therapeutic strategies of intervention or even prevention of metastasis using a wide range of small molecules will be discussed.
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13
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Gurbani D, Du G, Henning NJ, Rao S, Bera AK, Zhang T, Gray NS, Westover KD. Structure and Characterization of a Covalent Inhibitor of Src Kinase. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:81. [PMID: 32509799 PMCID: PMC7248381 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Unregulated Src activity promotes malignant processes in cancer, but no Src-directed targeted therapies are used clinically, possibly because early Src inhibitors produce off-target effects leading to toxicity. Improved selective Src inhibitors may enable Src-directed therapies. Previously, we reported an irreversible Src inhibitor, DGY-06-116, based on the hybridization of dasatinib and a promiscuous covalent kinase probe SM1-71. Here, we report biochemical and biophysical characterization of this compound. An x-ray co-crystal structure of DGY-06-116: Src shows a covalent interaction with the kinase p-loop and occupancy of the back hydrophobic kinase pocket, explaining its high potency, and selectivity. However, a reversible analog also shows similar potency. Kinetic analysis shows a slow inactivation rate compared to other clinically approved covalent kinase inhibitors, consistent with a need for p-loop movement prior to covalent bond formation. Overall, these results suggest that a strong reversible interaction is required to allow sufficient time for the covalent reaction to occur. Further optimization of the covalent linker may improve the kinetics of covalent bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Gurbani
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Guangyan Du
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathaniel J. Henning
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Suman Rao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science (HiTS), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Asim K. Bera
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Westover
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
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14
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Fougere B, Barnes KR, Francis ME, Claus LN, Cozzi RRF, Marshall WS. Focal adhesion kinase and osmotic responses in ionocytes of Fundulus heteroclitus, a euryhaline teleost fish. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 241:110639. [PMID: 31863842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) anion channels are the regulated exit pathway in Cl- secretion by teleost salt secreting ionocytes of the gill and opercular epithelia of euryhaline teleosts. By confocal light immunocytochemistry using regular and phospho-antibodies directed against conserved sites, we found that killifish CFTR (kfCFTR) and the tyrosine kinase Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) phosphorylated at Y407 (FAKpY407) and FAKpY397 are colocalized at the apical membrane and in subjacent membrane vesicles of ionocytes. Hypotonic shock and the α-2 adrenergic agonist clonidine rapidly and reversibly inhibit Cl- secretion by isolated opercular epithelia, simultaneous with dephosphorylation of FAKpY407 and increased FAKpY397, located in the apical membrane of ionocytes in the opercular epithelium. FAKpY407 is re-phosphorylated at the apical membrane of ionocytes and Cl- secretion rapidly restored by hypertonic shock, detectable at 2 min., maximum at 5 min and still elevated at 30 min. In isolated opercular epithelia, the FAK phosphorylation inhibitor Y15 and p38MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 significantly blunted the recovery of short-circuit current (Isc, equal to Cl- secretion rate) after hypertonic shock. The cSRC inhibitor saracatinib dephosphorylated FAKpY861 seen near tight junctions of pavement cells, and reduced the increase in epithelial resistance normally seen with clonidine inhibition of ion transport, while FAKpY397 was unaffected. The results show rapid osmosensitive responses in teleost fish ionocytes involve phosphorylation of CFTR by FAKpY407, an opposing role for FAKpY397 and a possible role for FAKpY861 in tight junction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breton Fougere
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Katelyn R Barnes
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Magen E Francis
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Lauren N Claus
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Regina R F Cozzi
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - William S Marshall
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada.
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15
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Hermida-Prado F, Granda-Díaz R, del-Río-Ibisate N, Villaronga MÁ, Allonca E, Garmendia I, Montuenga LM, Rodríguez R, Vallina A, Alvarez-Marcos C, Rodrigo JP, García-Pedrero JM. The Differential Impact of SRC Expression on the Prognosis of Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111644. [PMID: 31731442 PMCID: PMC6896085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant SRC expression and activation is frequently detected in multiple cancers, and hence, targeting SRC has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Different SRC inhibitors have demonstrated potent anti-tumor activity in preclinical models, although they largely lack clinical efficacy as monotherapy in late-stage solid tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Adequate selection and stratification of patients who may respond to and benefit from anti-SRC therapies is therefore needed to guide clinical trials and treatment efficacy. This study investigates the prognostic significance of active SRC expression in a homogeneous cohort of 122 human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative, surgically treated HNSCC patients. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the active form of SRC by means of anti-SRC Clone 28 monoclonal antibody was specifically performed and subsequently correlated with clinical data. The expression of p-SRC (Tyr419), total SRC, and downstream SRC effectors was also analyzed. Our results uncovered striking differences in the prognostic relevance of SRC expression in HNSCC patients depending on the tumor site. Active SRC expression was found to significantly associate with advanced disease stages, presence of lymph node metastasis, and tumor recurrences in patients with laryngeal tumors, but not in the pharyngeal subgroup. Multivariate Cox analysis further revealed active SRC expression as an independent predictor of cancer-specific mortality in patients with laryngeal carcinomas. Concordantly, expression of p-SRC (Tyr419) and the SRC substrates focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the Arf GTPase-activating protein ASAP1 also showed specific associations with poor prognosis in the larynx. These findings could have important implications in ongoing Src family kinase (SFK)-based clinical trials, as these new criteria could help to improve patient selection and develop biomarker-stratified trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Hermida-Prado
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (F.H.-P.); (R.G.-D.); (N.d.-R.-I.); (M.Á.V.); (E.A.); (R.R.); (C.A.-M.)
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rocío Granda-Díaz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (F.H.-P.); (R.G.-D.); (N.d.-R.-I.); (M.Á.V.); (E.A.); (R.R.); (C.A.-M.)
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nagore del-Río-Ibisate
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (F.H.-P.); (R.G.-D.); (N.d.-R.-I.); (M.Á.V.); (E.A.); (R.R.); (C.A.-M.)
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - M. Ángeles Villaronga
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (F.H.-P.); (R.G.-D.); (N.d.-R.-I.); (M.Á.V.); (E.A.); (R.R.); (C.A.-M.)
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eva Allonca
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (F.H.-P.); (R.G.-D.); (N.d.-R.-I.); (M.Á.V.); (E.A.); (R.R.); (C.A.-M.)
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Irati Garmendia
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA); Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, and Navarra’s Health Research Institute (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Luis M. Montuenga
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA); Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, and Navarra’s Health Research Institute (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - René Rodríguez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (F.H.-P.); (R.G.-D.); (N.d.-R.-I.); (M.Á.V.); (E.A.); (R.R.); (C.A.-M.)
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Aitana Vallina
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - César Alvarez-Marcos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (F.H.-P.); (R.G.-D.); (N.d.-R.-I.); (M.Á.V.); (E.A.); (R.R.); (C.A.-M.)
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan P. Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (F.H.-P.); (R.G.-D.); (N.d.-R.-I.); (M.Á.V.); (E.A.); (R.R.); (C.A.-M.)
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.P.R.); (J.M.G.-P.)
| | - Juana M. García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (F.H.-P.); (R.G.-D.); (N.d.-R.-I.); (M.Á.V.); (E.A.); (R.R.); (C.A.-M.)
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.P.R.); (J.M.G.-P.)
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16
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Hermida-Prado F, Villaronga MÁ, Granda-Díaz R, Del-Río-Ibisate N, Santos L, Hermosilla MA, Oro P, Allonca E, Agorreta J, Garmendia I, Tornín J, Perez-Escuredo J, Fuente R, Montuenga LM, Morís F, Rodrigo JP, Rodríguez R, García-Pedrero JM. The SRC Inhibitor Dasatinib Induces Stem Cell-Like Properties in Head and Neck Cancer Cells that are Effectively Counteracted by the Mithralog EC-8042. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081157. [PMID: 31382448 PMCID: PMC6722627 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent dysregulation of SRC family kinases (SFK) in multiple cancers prompted various inhibitors to be actively tested in preclinical and clinical trials. Disappointingly, dasatinib and saracatinib failed to demonstrate monotherapeutic efficacy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Deeper functional and mechanistic knowledge of the actions of these drugs is therefore needed to improve clinical outcome and to develop more efficient combinational strategies. Even though the SFK inhibitors dasatinib and saracatinib robustly blocked cell migration and invasion in HNSCC cell lines, this study unveils undesirable stem cell-promoting functions that could explain the lack of clinical efficacy in HNSCC patients. These deleterious effects were targeted by the mithramycin analog EC-8042 that efficiently eliminated cancer stem cells (CSC)-enriched tumorsphere cultures as well as tumor bulk cells and demonstrated potent antitumor activity in vivo. Furthermore, combination treatment of dasatinib with EC-8042 provided favorable complementary anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, and anti-CSC functions without any noticeable adverse interactions of both agents. These findings strongly support combinational strategies with EC-8042 for clinical testing in HNSCC patients. These data may have implications on ongoing dasatinib-based trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Hermida-Prado
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Villaronga
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Granda-Díaz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagore Del-Río-Ibisate
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Santos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Oro
- EntreChem SL, Vivero Ciencias de la Salud, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Allonca
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jackeline Agorreta
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, and Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irati Garmendia
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, and Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Tornín
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Fuente
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, and Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco Morís
- EntreChem SL, Vivero Ciencias de la Salud, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - René Rodríguez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Chen D, Cao L, Wang X. MPZL1 promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration via activation of Src kinase in ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:679-687. [PMID: 31233194 PMCID: PMC6610034 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Myelin protein zero like 1 (MPZL1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that promotes migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and is involved in extracellular matrix-induced signal transduction. However, the functional role of MPZL1 in ovarian cancer has not been well elucidated. The present study conducted western blotting, phase-contrast imaging and immunohistochemistry to reveal the functions of MPZL1 in ovarian cancer. The present study demonstrated that the expression levels of MPZL1 were associated with malignant features of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, overexpression of MPZL1 significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Conversely, MPZL1 depletion by short hairpin RNA inhibited migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. In addition, this study demonstrated that phosphorylation of Src kinase was increased upon MPZL1 overexpression. Additionally, phosphorylation and activation of pro-metastatic proteins p130 and cortactin were induced by phosphorylated Src kinase. Collectively, these findings indicated that MPZL1 may be a novel pro-metastatic gene, which promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration through Src-mediated phosphorylation of p130 and cortactin in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
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18
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Markwell SM, Ammer AG, Interval ET, Allen JL, Papenberg BW, Hames RA, Castaño JE, Schafer DA, Weed SA. Cortactin Phosphorylation by Casein Kinase 2 Regulates Actin-Related Protein 2/3 Complex Activity, Invadopodia Function, and Tumor Cell Invasion. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:987-1001. [PMID: 30610108 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malregulation of the actin cytoskeleton enhances tumor cell motility and invasion. The actin-binding protein cortactin facilitates branched actin network formation through activation of the actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex. Increased cortactin expression due to gene amplification is observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and other cancers, corresponding with elevated tumor progression and poor patient outcome. Arp2/3 complex activation is responsible for driving increased migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by governing invadopodia formation and activity. Although cortactin-mediated activation of Arp2/3 complex and invadopodia regulation has been well established, signaling pathways responsible for governing cortactin binding to Arp2/3 are unknown and potentially present a new avenue for anti-invasive therapeutic targeting. Here we identify casein kinase (CK) 2α phosphorylation of cortactin as a negative regulator of Arp2/3 binding. CK2α directly phosphorylates cortactin at a conserved threonine (T24) adjacent to the canonical Arp2/3 binding motif. Phosphorylation of cortactin T24 by CK2α impairs the ability of cortactin to bind Arp2/3 and activate actin nucleation. Decreased invadopodia activity is observed in HNSCC cells with expression of CK2α phosphorylation-null cortactin mutants, shRNA-mediated CK2α knockdown, and with the CK2α inhibitor Silmitasertib. Silmitasertib inhibits HNSCC collective invasion in tumor spheroids and orthotopic tongue tumors in mice. Collectively these data suggest that CK2α-mediated cortactin phosphorylation at T24 is critical in regulating cortactin binding to Arp2/3 complex and pro-invasive activity, identifying a potential targetable mechanism for impairing HNSCC invasion. IMPLICATIONS: This study identifies a new signaling pathway that contributes to enhancing cancer cell invasion.Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/17/4/987/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Markwell
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Amanda G Ammer
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Erik T Interval
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jessica L Allen
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Brenen W Papenberg
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - River A Hames
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Johnathan E Castaño
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Dorothy A Schafer
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Scott A Weed
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
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19
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Ramos‐García P, González‐Moles MÁ, Ayén Á, González‐Ruiz L, Ruiz‐Ávila I, Gil‐Montoya JA. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of
CTTN
/cortactin alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Head Neck 2018; 41:1963-1978. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ángela Ayén
- School of MedicineUniversity of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Lucía González‐Ruiz
- Servicio de DermatologíaHospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz‐Ávila
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía PatológicaComplejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada Granada Spain
| | - José Antonio Gil‐Montoya
- School of DentistryUniversity of Granada Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada Spain
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20
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Kahue CN, Jerrell RJ, Parekh A. Expression of human papillomavirus oncoproteins E6 and E7 inhibits invadopodia activity but promotes cell migration in HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2018; 1:e1125. [PMID: 32721084 PMCID: PMC7941430 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid increase in the incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is caused by high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. The HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 promote carcinogenesis by disrupting signaling pathways that control survival and proliferation. Although these cancers are often diagnosed with metastases, the mechanisms that regulate their dissemination are unknown. Aims The aim of this study was to determine whether the HPV‐16 E6 and E7 oncogenes affected the invasive and migratory properties of HNSCC cells which promote their spread and metastasis. Methods and results Invasiveness was determined using invadopodia assays which allow for quantitation of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by invadopodia which are proteolytic membrane protrusions that facilitate invasion. Using cell lines and genetic manipulations, we found that HPV inhibited invadopodia activity in aggressive cell lines which was mediated by the E6 and E7 oncogenes. Given these findings, we also tested whether HPV caused differences in the migratory ability of HNSCC cells using Transwell assays. In contrast to our invadopodia results, we found no correlation between HPV status and cell migration; however, blocking the expression of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins in a HPV‐positive (HPV+) HNSCC cell line resulted in decreased migration. Conclusions Our data suggest that the E6 and E7 oncoproteins are negative regulators of invadopodia activity but may promote migration in HPV+ HNSCC cells. Despite the need for ECM proteolysis to penetrate most tissues, the unique structure of the head and neck tissues in which these cancers arise may facilitate the spread of migratory cancer cells without significant proteolytic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa N Kahue
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel J Jerrell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aron Parekh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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21
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Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ, González-Ruiz L, Ayén Á, Ruiz-Ávila I, Navarro-Triviño FJ, Gil-Montoya JA. An update of knowledge on cortactin as a metastatic driver and potential therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2018; 25:949-971. [PMID: 29878474 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cortactin is a protein encoded by the CTTN gene, localized on chromosome band 11q13. As a result of the amplification of this band, an important event in oral carcinogenesis, CTTN is also usually amplified, promoting the frequent overexpression of cortactin. Cortactin enhances cell migration in oral cancer, playing a key role in the regulation of filamentous actin and of protrusive structures (invadopodia and lamellipodia) on the cell membrane that are necessary for the acquisition of a migratory phenotype. We also analyze a series of emerging functions that cortactin may exert in oral cancer (cell proliferation, angiogenesis, regulation of exosomes, and interactions with the tumor microenvironment). We review its molecular structure, its most important interactions (with Src, Arp2/3 complex, and SH3-binding partners), the regulation of its functions, and its specific oncogenic role in oral cancer. We explore the mechanisms of its overexpression in cancer, mainly related to genetic amplification. We analyze the prognostic implications of the oncogenic activation of cortactin in potentially malignant disorders and in head and neck cancer, where it appears to be relevant in the development of lymph node metastasis. Finally, we discuss its usefulness as a therapeutic target and suggest future research lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía González-Ruiz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángela Ayén
- School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Ávila
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio Gil-Montoya
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
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22
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Lang L, Shay C, Xiong Y, Thakkar P, Chemmalakuzhy R, Wang X, Teng Y. Combating head and neck cancer metastases by targeting Src using multifunctional nanoparticle-based saracatinib. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:85. [PMID: 29925404 PMCID: PMC6011403 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most important challenges in cancer treatment. Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, has been implicated as a key promoter in tumor progression and metastasis of HNSCC. However, Src therapy for HNSCC is limited by lack of efficient in vivo delivery and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS Src knockdown cells were achieved by lentiviral-mediated interference. Cell migration and invasion were examined by wound healing and Transwell assays. Protein levels were determined by Western blot and/or immunohistochemistry. The Src inhibitor saracatinib was loaded into self-assembling nanoparticles by the solvent evaporation method. An experimental metastasis mouse model was generated to investigate the drug efficacy in metastasis. RESULTS Blockade of Src kinase activity by saracatinib effectively suppressed invasion and metastasis of HNSCC. Mechanistic assessment of the drug effects in HNSCC cells showed that saracatinib induced suppression of Src-dependent invasion/metastasis through downregulating the expression levels of Vimentin and Snail proteins. In tests in mice, saracatinib loaded into the novel multifunctional nanoparticles exhibited superior effects on suppression of HNSCC metastasis compared with the free drug, which is mainly attributed to highly specific and efficient tumor-targeted drug delivery system. CONCLUSIONS These findings and advances are of great importance to the development of Src-targeted nanomedicine as a more effective therapy for metastatic HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Chloe Shay
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Children’s Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Yuanping Xiong
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Parth Thakkar
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Ron Chemmalakuzhy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Xuli Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 201 Presidents Cir, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
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23
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Relevance of chromosomal band 11q13 in oral carcinogenesis: An update of current knowledge. Oral Oncol 2017; 72:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Paterson EK, Courtneidge SA. Invadosomes are coming: new insights into function and disease relevance. FEBS J 2017; 285:8-27. [PMID: 28548369 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Invadopodia and podosomes are discrete, actin-based molecular protrusions that form in cancer cells and normal cells, respectively, in response to diverse signaling pathways and extracellular matrix cues. Although they participate in a host of different cellular processes, they share a common functional theme of controlling pericellular proteolytic activity, which sets them apart from other structures that function in migration and adhesion, including focal adhesions, lamellipodia, and filopodia. In this review, we highlight research that explores the function of these complex structures, including roles for podosomes in embryonic and postnatal development, in angiogenesis and remodeling of the vasculature, in maturation of the postsynaptic membrane, in antigen sampling and recognition, and in cell-cell fusion mechanisms, as well as the involvement of invadopodia at multiple steps of the metastatic cascade, and how all of this may apply in the treatment of human disease states. Finally, we explore recent research that implicates a novel role for exosomes and microvesicles in invadopodia-dependent and invadopodia-independent mechanisms of invasion, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse K Paterson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sara A Courtneidge
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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25
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Abstract
The local extension of cancer cells along nerves is a frequent clinical finding for various tumours. Traditionally, nerve invasion was assumed to occur via the path of least resistance; however, recent animal models and human studies have revealed that cancer cells have an innate ability to actively migrate along axons in a mechanism called neural tracking. The tendency of cancer cells to track along nerves is supported by various cell types in the perineural niche that secrete multiple growth factors and chemokines. We propose that the perineural niche should be considered part of the tumour microenvironment, describe the molecular cues that facilitate neural tracking and suggest methods for its inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Amit
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Center, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rappaport Institute of Medicine and Research, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haalia Street No. 8, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shorook Na'ara
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Center, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rappaport Institute of Medicine and Research, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haalia Street No. 8, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ziv Gil
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Center, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rappaport Institute of Medicine and Research, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haalia Street No. 8, Haifa, Israel
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26
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Veracini L, Grall D, Schaub S, Beghelli-de la Forest Divonne S, Etienne-Grimaldi MC, Milano G, Bozec A, Babin E, Sudaka A, Thariat J, Van Obberghen-Schilling E. Elevated Src family kinase activity stabilizes E-cadherin-based junctions and collective movement of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7570-83. [PMID: 25779657 PMCID: PMC4480700 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
EGF receptor (EGFR) overexpression is thought to drive head and neck carcinogenesis however clinical responses to EGFR-targeting agents have been modest and alternate targets are actively sought to improve results. Src family kinases (SFKs), reported to act downstream of EGFR are among the alternative targets for which increased expression or activity in epithelial tumors is commonly associated to the dissolution of E-cadherin-based junctions and acquisition of a mesenchymal-like phenotype. Robust expression of total and activated Src was observed in advanced stage head and neck tumors (N=60) and in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines. In cultured cancer cells Src co-localized with E-cadherin in cell-cell junctions and its phosphorylation on Y419 was both constitutive and independent of EGFR activation. Selective inhibition of SFKs with SU6656 delocalized E-cadherin and disrupted cellular junctions without affecting E-cadherin expression and this effect was phenocopied by knockdown of Src or Yes. These findings reveal an EGFR-independent role for SFKs in the maintenance of intercellular junctions, which likely contributes to the cohesive invasion E-cadherin-positive cells in advanced tumors. Further, they highlight the need for a deeper comprehension of molecular pathways that drive collective cell invasion, in absence of mesenchymal transition, in order to combat tumor spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Veracini
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France.,CNRS, UMR7277, Nice, France.,Inserm, U1091, Nice, France
| | - Dominique Grall
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France.,CNRS, UMR7277, Nice, France.,Inserm, U1091, Nice, France
| | - Sébastien Schaub
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France.,CNRS, UMR7277, Nice, France.,Inserm, U1091, Nice, France
| | - Stéphanie Beghelli-de la Forest Divonne
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France.,CNRS, UMR7277, Nice, France.,Inserm, U1091, Nice, France.,Department of Pathology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | | | - Gérard Milano
- Laboratory of Oncopharmacology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Alexandre Bozec
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Babin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, CHU, Caen, France
| | - Anne Sudaka
- Department of Pathology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Juliette Thariat
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France.,CNRS, UMR7277, Nice, France.,Inserm, U1091, Nice, France.,Laboratory of Oncopharmacology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Ellen Van Obberghen-Schilling
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France.,CNRS, UMR7277, Nice, France.,Inserm, U1091, Nice, France.,Department of Pathology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
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27
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Jimenez L, Sharma VP, Condeelis J, Harris T, Ow TJ, Prystowsky MB, Childs G, Segall JE. MicroRNA-375 Suppresses Extracellular Matrix Degradation and Invadopodial Activity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:1349-61. [PMID: 26172508 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0471-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly invasive cancer with an association with locoregional recurrence and lymph node metastasis. We have previously reported that low microRNA-375 (miR-375) expression levels correlate with poor patient survival, increased locoregional recurrence, and distant metastasis. Increasing miR-375 expression in HNSCC cell lines to levels found in normal cells results in suppressed invasive properties. HNSCC invasion is mediated in part by invadopodia-associated degradation of the extracellular matrix. OBJECTIVE To determine whether elevated miR-375 expression in HNSCC cell lines also affects invadopodia formation and activity. DESIGN For evaluation of the matrix degradation properties of the HNSCC lines, an invadopodial matrix degradation assay was used. The total protein levels of invadopodia-associated proteins were measured by Western blot analyses. Immunoprecipitation experiments were conducted to evaluate the tyrosine phosphorylation state of cortactin. Human protease arrays were used for the detection of the secreted proteases. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction measurements were used to evaluate the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the commonly regulated proteases. RESULTS Increased miR-375 expression in HNSCC cells suppresses extracellular matrix degradation and reduces the number of mature invadopodia. Higher miR-375 expression does not reduce cellular levels of selected invadopodia-associated proteins, nor is tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin altered. However, HNSCC cells with higher miR-375 expression had significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels and secreted levels of specific proteases. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNA-375 regulates invadopodia maturation and function potentially by suppressing the expression and secretion of proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey E Segall
- From the Departments of Pathology (Ms Jimenez and Drs Harris, Ow, Prystowsky, Childs, and Segall) and Anatomy & Structural Biology (Ms Jimenez and Drs Sharma, Condeelis, and Segall), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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28
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Jimenez L, Jayakar SK, Ow TJ, Segall JE. Mechanisms of Invasion in Head and Neck Cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:1334-48. [PMID: 26046491 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0498-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The highly invasive properties demonstrated by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are often associated with locoregional recurrence and lymph node metastasis in patients and is a key factor leading to an expected 5-year survival rate of approximately 50% for patients with advanced disease. It is important to understand the features and mediators of HNSCC invasion so that new treatment approaches can be developed. OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of the characteristics, mediators, and mechanisms of HNSCC invasion. DATA SOURCES A literature review of peer-reviewed articles in PubMed on HNSCC invasion. CONCLUSIONS Histologic features of HNSCC tumors can help predict prognosis and influence clinical treatment decisions. Cell surface receptors, signaling pathways, proteases, invadopodia function, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, microRNAs, and tumor microenvironment are all involved in the regulation of the invasive behavior of HNSCC cells. Identifying effective HNSCC invasion inhibitors has the potential to improve outcomes for patients by reducing the rate of spread and increasing responsiveness to chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeffrey E Segall
- From the Departments of Pathology (Mss Jimenez and Jayakar, and Drs Ow and Segall) and Anatomy and Structural Biology (Mss Jimenez and Jayakar, and Dr Segall), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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29
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Li W, Wang Z, Wang L, He X, Wang G, Liu H, Guo F, Wang Z, Chen G. Effectiveness of inhibitor rapamycin, saracatinib, linsitinib and JNJ-38877605 against human prostate cancer cells. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:6563-6567. [PMID: 26131286 PMCID: PMC4483836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of different concentrations of inhibitors rapamycin, saracatinib, linsitinib and JNJ-38877605 on PC-3 cells with CCK-8 assay, respectively. PC-3 cells were incubated with different concentrations of rapamycin, saracatinib, linsitinib and JNJ-38877605, respectively, for 48 h at 37°C, the concentrations of rapamycin were 5 nM, 10 nM, 20 nM, 50 nM, 75 nM, 100 nM; Saracatinib: 0.125 nM, 0.25 nM, 0.5 nM, 1 nM, 2.5 nM, 5 nM; Linsitinib: 2 nM, 5 nM, 10 nM, 20 nM, 40 nM, 60 nM; JNJ-38877605: 0.125 nM, 0.5 nM, 1 nM, 2.5 nM, 5 nM, 10 nM. The proliferation of PC-3 cells was examined by CCK-8. Different concentrations of inhibitor rapamycin remarkably inhibited PC-3 cell proliferation after 48 h (P<0.05), inhibitory action did not change significantly from 5 nM-100 nM; different concentrations of saracatinib, linsitinib and JNJ-38877605 did not inhibit PC-3 cell proliferation after 48 h. Rapamycin treatment at low concentration can inhibit the proliferation of PC-3 cells, while saracatinib, linsitinib and JNJ-38877605 do not inhibit PC-3 cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Li
- Department of Urology, Linyi People’s HospitalLinyi 276000, China
- Department of Urology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhanyu Wang
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 201508, China
| | - Longmei Wang
- Department of Urology, Linyi People’s HospitalLinyi 276000, China
| | - Xiangfei He
- Department of Urology, Linyi People’s HospitalLinyi 276000, China
| | - Guangjian Wang
- Department of Urology, Linyi People’s HospitalLinyi 276000, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Urology, Linyi People’s HospitalLinyi 276000, China
| | - Fengfu Guo
- Department of Urology, Linyi People’s HospitalLinyi 276000, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200011, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 201508, China
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Markwell SM, Weed SA. Tumor and stromal-based contributions to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:382-406. [PMID: 25734659 PMCID: PMC4381264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is typically diagnosed at advanced stages with evident loco-regional and/or distal metastases. The prevalence of metastatic lesions directly correlates with poor patient outcome, resulting in high patient mortality rates following metastatic development. The progression to metastatic disease requires changes not only in the carcinoma cells, but also in the surrounding stromal cells and tumor microenvironment. Within the microenvironment, acellular contributions from the surrounding extracellular matrix, along with contributions from various infiltrating immune cells, tumor associated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells facilitate the spread of tumor cells from the primary site to the rest of the body. Thus far, most attempts to limit metastatic spread through therapeutic intervention have failed to show patient benefit in clinic trails. The goal of this review is highlight the complexity of invasion-promoting interactions in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment, focusing on contributions from tumor and stromal cells in order to assist future therapeutic development and patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Markwell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Scott A Weed
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Hayes KE, Walk EL, Ammer AG, Kelley LC, Martin KH, Weed SA. Ableson kinases negatively regulate invadopodia function and invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting an HB-EGF autocrine loop. Oncogene 2013; 32:4766-77. [PMID: 23146907 PMCID: PMC3896120 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a proclivity for locoregional invasion. HNSCC mediates invasion in part through invadopodia-based proteolysis of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Activation of Src, Erk1/2, Abl and Arg downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) modulates invadopodia activity through phosphorylation of the actin regulatory protein cortactin. In MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, Abl and Arg function downstream of Src to phosphorylate cortactin, promoting invadopodia ECM degradation activity and thus assigning a pro-invasive role for Ableson kinases. We report that Abl kinases have an opposite, negative regulatory role in HNSCC where they suppress invadopodia and tumor invasion. Impairment of Abl expression or Abl kinase activity with imatinib mesylate enhanced HNSCC matrix degradation and 3D collagen invasion, functions that were impaired in MDA-MB-231. HNSCC lines with elevated EGFR and Src activation did not contain increased Abl or Arg kinase activity, suggesting that Src could bypass Abl/Arg to phosphorylate cortactin and promote invadopodia ECM degradation. Src-transformed Abl(-/-)/Arg(-/-) fibroblasts produced ECM degrading invadopodia containing pY421 cortactin, indicating that Abl/Arg are dispensable for invadopodia function in this system. Imatinib-treated HNSCC cells had increased EGFR, Erk1/2 and Src activation, enhancing cortactin pY421 and pS405/418 required for invadopodia function. Imatinib stimulated shedding of the EGFR ligand heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) from HNSCC cells, where soluble HB-EGF enhanced invadopodia ECM degradation in HNSCC but not in MDA-MB-231. HNSCC cells treated with inhibitors of the EGFR-invadopodia pathway indicated that EGFR and Src are required for invadopodia function. Collectively, our results indicate that Abl kinases negatively regulate HNSCC invasive processes through suppression of an HB-EGF autocrine loop responsible for activating a EGFR-Src-cortactin cascade, in contrast to the invasion promoting functions of Abl kinases in breast and other cancer types. Our results provide mechanistic support for recent failed HNSCC clinical trials utilizing imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Hayes
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-9300, United States of America
| | - Elyse L. Walk
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-9300, United States of America
| | - Amanda Gatesman Ammer
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-9300, United States of America
| | | | - Karen H. Martin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-9300, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Weed
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-9300, United States of America
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Lin YC, Tsai PH, Lin CY, Cheng CH, Lin TH, Lee KPH, Huang KY, Chen SH, Hwang JJ, Kandaswami CC, Lee MT. Impact of flavonoids on matrix metalloproteinase secretion and invadopodia formation in highly invasive A431-III cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71903. [PMID: 23991004 PMCID: PMC3749203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major cause of mortality in cancer patients. Invadopodia are considered to be crucial structures that allow cancer cells to penetrate across the extracellular matrix (ECM) by using matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Previously, we isolated a highly invasive A431-III subline from parental A431 cells by Boyden chamber assay. The A431-III cells possess higher invasive and migratory abilities, elevated levels of MMP-9 and an enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. In this study, we discovered that A431-III cells had an increased potential to form invadopodia and an improved capacity to degrade ECM compared with the original A431 cells. We also observed enhanced phosphorylation levels of cortactin and Src in A431-III cells; these phosphorylated proteins have been reported to be the main regulators of invadopodia formation. Flavonoids, almost ubiquitously distributed in food plants and plant food products, have been documented to exhibit anti-tumor properties. Therefore, it was of much interest to explore the effects of flavonoid antioxidants on the metastatic activity of A431-III cells. Exposure of A431-III cells to two potent dietary flavonoids, namely luteolin (Lu) and quercetin (Qu), caused inhibition of invadopodia formation and decrement in ECM degradation. We conclude that Lu and Qu attenuate the phosphorylation of cortactin and Src in A431-III cells. As a consequence, there ensues a disruption of invadopodia generation and the suppression of MMP secretion. These changes, in concert, bring about a reduction in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Chuen Lin
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Tsai
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lin
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kevin P. H. Lee
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsun Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jiuan-Jiuan Hwang
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ming-Ting Lee
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Dasatinib Inhibits DNA Repair after Radiotherapy Specifically in pSFK-Expressing Tumor Areas in Head and Neck Xenograft Tumors. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:413-9. [PMID: 23908684 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) have been implicated in resistance to both radiation and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition. Therefore, we investigated whether inhibition of SFK through dasatinib (DSB) can enhance the effect of radiotherapy in two in vivo human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) models. Response to DSB and/or radiotherapy was assessed with tumor growth delay assays in two HNSCC xenograft models, SCCNij153 and SCCNij202. Effects on EGFR signaling were evaluated with Western blot analysis, and effects on DNA repair, hypoxia, and proliferation were investigated with immunohistochemistry. DSB and radiotherapy induced a significant growth delay in both HNSCC xenograft models, although to a lesser extent in SCCNij202. DSB did not inhibit phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT) or phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) but did inhibit (phosphorylated) DNA-dependent protein kinase. Moreover, DSB reduced repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks as shown by an increase of p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) staining 24 hours after radiation. This effect on DNA repair was only observed in the cell compartment where phosphorylated SFK (pSFK) was expressed: for SCCNij153 tumors in both normoxic and hypoxic areas and for SCCNij202 tumors only in hypoxic areas. No consistent effects of DSB on hypoxia or proliferation were observed. In conclusion, DSB enhances the effect of radiotherapy in vivo by inhibition of radiation-induced DNA repair and is a promising way to improve outcome in HNSCC patients.
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Boeckx C, Baay M, Wouters A, Specenier P, Vermorken JB, Peeters M, Lardon F. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: focus on potential molecular mechanisms of drug resistance. Oncologist 2013; 18:850-64. [PMID: 23821327 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most promising molecular therapeutics for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). EGFR is overexpressed in a wide range of malignancies, including HNSCC, and initiates important signal transduction pathways in HNSCC carcinogenesis. However, primary and acquired resistance are serious problems and are responsible for low single-agent response rate and tumor recurrence. Therefore, an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of resistance to EGFR inhibitors may provide valuable indications to identify biomarkers that can be used clinically to predict response to EGFR blockade and to establish new treatment options to overcome resistance. To date, no predictive biomarker for HNSCC is available in the clinic. Therapeutic resistance to anti-EGFR therapy may arise from mechanisms that can compensate for reduced EGFR signaling and/or mechanisms that can modulate EGFR-dependent signaling. In this review, we will summarize some of these molecular mechanisms and describe strategies to overcome that resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Boeckx
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp, Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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35
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Rösel D, Brábek J, Veselý P, Fernandes M. Drugs for solid cancer: the productivity crisis prompts a rethink. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:767-77. [PMID: 23836990 PMCID: PMC3699349 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s45177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in cancer-drug discovery, the delivery of novel, safe, and sustainably effective products to the clinic has stalled. Using Src as a model, we examine key steps in drug development. The preclinical evidence on the relationship between Src and solid cancer is in sharp contrast with the modest anticancer effect noted in conventional clinical trials. Here, we consider Src inhibitors as an example of a promising drug class directed to invasion and metastasis and identify roadblocks in translation. We question the assumption that a drug-induced tumor shrinkage in preclinical and clinical studies predicts a successful outcome. Our analysis indicates that the key areas requiring attention are related, and include preclinical models (in vitro and mouse models), meaningful clinical trial end points, and an appreciation of the role of metastasis in morbidity and mortality. Current regulations do not reflect the natural history of the disease, and may be unrelated to the key complications: local invasion, metastasis, and the development of resistance. Alignment of preclinical and clinical studies and regulations based on mechanistic trial end points and platforms may help in overcoming these roadblocks. Viewed kaleidoscopically, most elements necessary and sufficient for a novel translational paradigm are in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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36
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Sharma VP, Entenberg D, Condeelis J. High-resolution live-cell imaging and time-lapse microscopy of invadopodium dynamics and tracking analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1046:343-57. [PMID: 23868599 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-538-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Invadopodia are specialized structures of cancer cells which aid in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Therefore, studying the early steps of invadopodium assembly and its life cycle at the subcellular level by using high spatiotemporal resolution imaging provides an opportunity for understanding the signaling mechanisms involved in this very important process. In this chapter, we describe the design of a custom-built high-resolution fluorescence microscope which makes this challenging imaging possible. We also describe an ImageJ plugin that we have developed for tracking of invadopodia and lifetime analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved P Sharma
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Exocyst complex component Sec8: a presumed component in the progression of human oral squamous-cell carcinoma by secretion of matrix metalloproteinases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012. [PMID: 23207790 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sec8, a component of the exocyst complex, has been implicated in tethering of secretory vesicles to specific regions on the plasma membrane. To investigate the involvement of Sec8 in oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC), we evaluated the expression status and effect of Sec8 in OSCC cell lines. METHODS Sec8 mRNA and protein expressions in human OSCC cell lines were assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Functional analyses, proliferation assay, invasiveness assay, and gelatin zymography in Sec8 knockdown cells were performed. Also the correlation between Sec8 expression and the clinicopathological features in 98 primary OSCCs samples was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Sec8 mRNA and protein expression were significantly up-regulated in all cell lines (p < 0.05). Sec8 knockdown cells were characterized by reduced cellular proliferation, invasiveness, and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (MMP-2, proMMP-2, and proMMP-9). Sec8 protein expression in primary OSCCs also was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than in normal counterparts, and higher Sec8 expression was correlated with tumor size (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested for the first time that Sec8 might play a specific role in OSCC progression by mediating MMP secretion.
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Evans JV, Ammer AG, Jett JE, Bolcato CA, Breaux JC, Martin KH, Culp MV, Gannett PM, Weed SA. Src binds cortactin through an SH2 domain cystine-mediated linkage. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:6185-97. [PMID: 23097045 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.121046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine-kinase-based signal transduction mediated by modular protein domains is critical for cellular function. The Src homology (SH)2 domain is an important conductor of intracellular signaling that binds to phosphorylated tyrosines on acceptor proteins, producing molecular complexes responsible for signal relay. Cortactin is a cytoskeletal protein and tyrosine kinase substrate that regulates actin-based motility through interactions with SH2-domain-containing proteins. The Src kinase SH2 domain mediates cortactin binding and tyrosine phosphorylation, but how Src interacts with cortactin is unknown. Here we demonstrate that Src binds cortactin through cystine bonding between Src C185 in the SH2 domain within the phosphotyrosine binding pocket and cortactin C112/246 in the cortactin repeats domain, independent of tyrosine phosphorylation. Interaction studies show that the presence of reducing agents ablates Src-cortactin binding, eliminates cortactin phosphorylation by Src, and prevents Src SH2 domain binding to cortactin. Tandem MS/MS sequencing demonstrates cystine bond formation between Src C185 and cortactin C112/246. Mutational studies indicate that an intact cystine binding interface is required for Src-mediated cortactin phosphorylation, cell migration, and pre-invadopodia formation. Our results identify a novel phosphotyrosine-independent binding mode between the Src SH2 domain and cortactin. Besides Src, one quarter of all SH2 domains contain cysteines at or near the analogous Src C185 position. This provides a potential alternative mechanism to tyrosine phosphorylation for cysteine-containing SH2 domains to bind cognate ligands that may be widespread in propagating signals regulating diverse cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason V Evans
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Martin KH, Hayes KE, Walk EL, Ammer AG, Markwell SM, Weed SA. Quantitative measurement of invadopodia-mediated extracellular matrix proteolysis in single and multicellular contexts. J Vis Exp 2012:e4119. [PMID: 22952016 DOI: 10.3791/4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular invasion into local tissues is a process important in development and homeostasis. Malregulated invasion and subsequent cell movement is characteristic of multiple pathological processes, including inflammation, cardiovascular disease and tumor cell metastasis. Focalized proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the epithelial or endothelial basement membrane is a critical step in initiating cellular invasion. In tumor cells, extensive in vitro analysis has determined that ECM degradation is accomplished by ventral actin-rich membrane protrusive structures termed invadopodia. Invadopodia form in close apposition to the ECM, where they moderate ECM breakdown through the action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The ability of tumor cells to form invadopodia directly correlates with the ability to invade into local stroma and associated vascular components. Visualization of invadopodia-mediated ECM degradation of cells by fluorescent microscopy using dye-labeled matrix proteins coated onto glass coverslips has emerged as the most prevalent technique for evaluating the degree of matrix proteolysis and cellular invasive potential. Here we describe a version of the standard method for generating fluorescently-labeled glass coverslips utilizing a commercially available Oregon Green-488 gelatin conjugate. This method is easily scaled to rapidly produce large numbers of coated coverslips. We show some of the common microscopic artifacts that are often encountered during this procedure and how these can be avoided. Finally, we describe standardized methods using readily available computer software to allow quantification of labeled gelatin matrix degradation mediated by individual cells and by entire cellular populations. The described procedures provide the ability to accurately and reproducibly monitor invadopodia activity, and can also serve as a platform for evaluating the efficacy of modulating protein expression or testing of anti-invasive compounds on extracellular matrix degradation in single and multicellular settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen H Martin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, USA
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Rikiishi H. Autophagic action of new targeting agents in head and neck oncology. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:978-91. [PMID: 22825332 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.21079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival rates of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) have not improved significantly despite multi-modality therapy, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Recently, molecular targeted agents have shown significant improvement in clinical outcomes; for example, in chronic myelogeneous leukemia with imatinib, breast cancer with trastuzumab, colon cancer with bevacizumab and cetuximab, and renal cell cancer with sorafenib and sunitinib. In HNSCC, the epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab has shown promising results in combination with radiation. Targeted agents including cetuximab induce stresses to activate prosurvival autophagy. Combining autophagy inhibitors with agents that induce autophagy as a prosurvival response may therefore increase their therapeutic efficacy. Whether autophagy contributes to the prosurvival response or to the antitumor effect of chemotherapeutic drugs is largely unknown. This review will discuss the possible role of autophagy as a novel target for anticancer therapy agents in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Rikiishi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
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41
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Spatiotemporal regulation of Src and its substrates at invadosomes. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 91:878-88. [PMID: 22823952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, substantial progress has been made in understanding how Src family kinases regulate the formation and function of invadosomes. Invadosomes are organized actin-rich structures that contain an F-actin core surrounded by an adhesive ring and mediate invasive migration. Src kinases orchestrate, either directly or indirectly, each phase of the invadosome life cycle including invadosome assembly, maturation and matrix degradation and disassembly. Complex arrays of Src effector proteins are involved at different stages of invadosome maturation and their spatiotemporal activity must be tightly regulated to achieve effective invasive migration. In this review, we highlight some recent progress and the challenges of understanding how Src is regulated temporally and spatially to orchestrate the dynamics of invadosomes and mediate cell invasion.
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Yamaguchi H. Pathological roles of invadopodia in cancer invasion and metastasis. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 91:902-7. [PMID: 22658792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich membrane protrusions formed by invasive cancer cells. Invadopodia mediate the focal degradation of pericellular extracellular matrix (ECM) by the localized proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Over the last 2 decades, much progress has been made in identifying the molecular components of invadopodia and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying their formation. Although the physiological and pathological roles of invadopodia have long been elusive, emerging evidence has begun to reveal their importance in local invasion during cancer metastasis. This review highlights recent findings on the roles of invadopodia in cancer invasion and metastasis and discusses the possibility of and strategies for targeting invadopodia formation for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yamaguchi
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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43
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Chan CM, Jing X, Pike LA, Zhou Q, Lim DJ, Sams SB, Lund GS, Sharma V, Haugen BR, Schweppe RE. Targeted inhibition of Src kinase with dasatinib blocks thyroid cancer growth and metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3580-91. [PMID: 22586301 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-3359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are no effective therapies for patients with poorly differentiated papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) or anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), and metastasis to the bone represents a significantly worse prognosis. Src family kinases (SFKs) are overexpressed and activated in numerous tumor types and have emerged as a promising therapeutic target, especially in relation to metastasis. We recently showed that Src is overexpressed and activated in thyroid cancer. We therefore tested whether inhibition of Src with dasatinib (BMS-354825) blocks thyroid cancer growth and metastasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effects of dasatinib on thyroid cancer growth, signaling, cell cycle, and apoptosis were evaluated in vitro. The therapeutic efficacy of dasatinib was further tested in vivo using an orthotopic and a novel experimental metastasis model. Expression and activation of SFKs in thyroid cancer cells was characterized, and selectivity of dasatinib was determined using an Src gatekeeper mutant. RESULTS Dasatinib treatment inhibited Src signaling, decreased growth, and induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in a subset of thyroid cancer cells. Immunoblotting showed that c-Src and Lyn are expressed in thyroid cancer cells and that c-Src is the predominant SFK activated. Treatment with dasatinib blocked PTC tumor growth in an orthotopic model by more than 90% (P = 0.0014). Adjuvant and posttreatment approaches with dasatinib significantly inhibited metastasis (P = 0.016 and P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION These data provide the first evidence that Src is a central mediator of thyroid cancer growth and metastasis, indicating that Src inhibitors may have a higher therapeutic efficacy in thyroid cancer, as both antitumor and antimetastatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Chan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Siemann DW, Dong M, Pampo C, Shi W. Src-signaling interference impairs the dissemination of blood-borne tumor cells. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 349:541-50. [PMID: 22526632 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although solid tumors continuously shed cells, only a small fraction of the neoplastic cells that enter the blood stream are capable of establishing metastases. In order to be successful, these cells must attach, extravasate, proliferate and induce angiogenesis. Preclinical studies have shown that small-molecule ATP-competitive Src kinase inhibitors can effectively impair metastasis-associated tumor cell functions in vitro. However, the impact of these agents on the metastatic cascade in vivo is less well understood. In the present studies, we have examined the ability of saracatinib, a dual-specific, orally available inhibitor of Src and Abl protein tyrosine kinases, to interfere with the establishment of lung metastases in mice by tumor cells introduced into the blood stream. The results demonstrate that Src inhibition most effectively interferes with the establishment of secondary tumor deposits when treatments are administered while tumor cells are in the initial phases of dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar W Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, 2000 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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45
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Hannon RA, Finkelman RD, Clack G, Iacona RB, Rimmer M, Gossiel F, Baselga J, Eastell R. Effects of Src kinase inhibition by saracatinib (AZD0530) on bone turnover in advanced malignancy in a Phase I study. Bone 2012; 50:885-92. [PMID: 22245630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Saracatinib (AZD0530) is an orally active once-daily Src kinase inhibitor which modulates key signaling pathways in cancer cells. In a Phase I study in patients with advanced solid malignancies resistant to standard treatment we assessed the effect of saracatinib on bone turnover. Fifty-one patients were randomized into three parallel groups to receive saracatinib 50, 125 or 175 mg/day. After a single dose followed by a 7-day washout, patients received once-daily doses for 21 days. Bone turnover markers were measured in serum and urine samples collected before dosing on days 1, 2, 3, 17 and 28. Samples were available at baseline and more than one other time point for 44 patients. Bone resorption markers were significantly decreased by saracatinib. Serum cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (sCTX) changed in the 50, 125 and 175 mg/day groups by -36% (95% CI -58, -4), -64% (95% CI -75, -48) and -75% (95% CI -83, -61), respectively, at day 28. Urinary cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen/creatinine ratio (uNTX/Cr) changed in the 50, 125 and 175 mg/day groups by; -13% (95% CI -33, 13), -48% (95% CI -59, -34) and -50% (95% CI -62, -35), respectively, at day 28. The significant decreases in bone resorption markers indicate that suppression of Src kinase inhibits osteoclast activity in patients with advanced cancer. This result suggests that saracatinib may have therapeutic benefit in metastatic bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A Hannon
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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46
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Cavalloni G, Peraldo-Neia C, Sarotto I, Gammaitoni L, Migliardi G, Soster M, Marchiò S, Aglietta M, Leone F. Antitumor activity of Src inhibitor saracatinib (AZD-0530) in preclinical models of biliary tract carcinomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:1528-38. [PMID: 22452946 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) has a poor prognosis due to limited treatment options. There is, therefore, an urgent need to identify new targets and to design innovative therapeutic approaches. Among potential candidate molecules, we evaluated the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src, observing promising antitumor effects of its small-molecule inhibitor saracatinib in BTC preclinical models. The presence of an active Src protein was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 19 surgical samples from patients with BTC. Upon saracatinib treatment, the phosphorylation of Src and of its downstream transducers was evaluated in the BTC cell lines TFK-1, EGI-1, HuH28, and TGBC1-TKB. The effect of saracatinib on proliferation and migration was analyzed in these same cell lines, and its antitumor activity was essayed in EGI-1 mouse xenografts. Saracatinib-modulated transcriptome was profiled in EGI-1 cells and in tumor samples of the xenograft model. Src was activated in about 80% of the human BTC samples. In cultured BTC cell lines, low-dose saracatinib counteracted the activation of Src and of its downstream effectors, increased the fraction of cells in G(0)-G(1) phase, and inhibited cell migration. At high concentrations (median dose from 2.26-6.99 μmol/L), saracatinib was also capable of inhibiting BTC cell proliferation. In vivo, saracatinib treatment resulted in delayed tumor growth, associated with an impaired vascular network. Here, we provide a demonstration that the targeted inhibition of Src kinase by saracatinib is of therapeutic benefit in preclinical models of BTC. We propose our results as a basis for the design of saracatinib-based clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cavalloni
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.
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47
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Takai S, Sabzevari H, Farsaci B, Schlom J, Greiner JW. Distinct effects of saracatinib on memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4323-33. [PMID: 22450814 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunologic memory involving CD8(+) T cells is a hallmark of an adaptive Ag-specific immune response and constitutes a critical component of protective immunity. Designing approaches that enhance long-term T cell memory would, for the most part, fortify vaccines and enhance host protection against infectious diseases and, perhaps, cancer immunotherapy. A better understanding of the cellular programs involved in the Ag-specific T cell response has led to new approaches that target the magnitude and quality of the memory T cell response. In this article, we show that T cells from TCR transgenic mice for the nucleoprotein of influenza virus NP68 exhibit the distinct phases--priming, expansion, contraction, and memory--of an Ag-specific T cell response when exposed in vitro to the cognate peptide. Saracatinib, a specific inhibitor of Src family kinases, administered at low doses during the expansion or contraction phases, increased CD62L(high)/CD44(high) central memory CD8(+) T cells and IFN-γ production but suppressed immunity when added during the priming phase. These effects by saracatinib were not accompanied by the expected decline of Src family kinases but were accompanied by Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin suppression and/or mediated via another pathway. Increased central memory cells by saracatinib were recapitulated in mice using a poxvirus-based influenza vaccine, thus underscoring the importance of dose and timing of the inhibitor in the context of memory T cell differentiation. Finally, vaccine plus saracatinib treatment showed better protection against tumor challenge. The immune-potentiating effects on CD8(+) T cells by a low dose of saracatinib might afford better protection from pathogens or cancer when combined with vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Takai
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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48
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Mehra R, Serebriiskii IG, Dunbrack RL, Robinson MK, Burtness B, Golemis EA. Protein-intrinsic and signaling network-based sources of resistance to EGFR- and ErbB family-targeted therapies in head and neck cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2011; 14:260-79. [PMID: 21920801 PMCID: PMC3195944 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Agents targeting EGFR and related ErbB family proteins are valuable therapies for the treatment of many cancers. For some tumor types, including squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN), antibodies targeting EGFR were the first protein-directed agents to show clinical benefit, and remain a standard component of clinical strategies for management of the disease. Nevertheless, many patients display either intrinsic or acquired resistance to these drugs; hence, major research goals are to better understand the underlying causes of resistance, and to develop new therapeutic strategies that boost the impact of EGFR/ErbB inhibitors. In this review, we first summarize current standard use of EGFR inhibitors in the context of SCCHN, and described new agents targeting EGFR currently moving through pre-clinical and clinical development. We then discuss how changes in other transmembrane receptors, including IGF1R, c-Met, and TGF-β, can confer resistance to EGFR-targeted inhibitors, and discuss new agents targeting these proteins. Moving downstream, we discuss critical EGFR-dependent effectors, including PLC-γ; PI3K and PTEN; SHC, GRB2, and RAS and the STAT proteins, as factors in resistance to EGFR-directed inhibitors and as alternative targets of therapeutic inhibition. We summarize alternative sources of resistance among cellular changes that target EGFR itself, through regulation of ligand availability, post-translational modification of EGFR, availability of EGFR partners for hetero-dimerization and control of EGFR intracellular trafficking for recycling versus degradation. Finally, we discuss new strategies to identify effective therapeutic combinations involving EGFR-targeted inhibitors, in the context of new system level data becoming available for analysis of individual tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranee Mehra
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Ilya G. Serebriiskii
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Roland L. Dunbrack
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Matthew K. Robinson
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Barbara Burtness
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Erica A. Golemis
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
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Sen B, Peng S, Woods DM, Wistuba I, Bell D, El-Naggar AK, Lai SY, Johnson FM. STAT5A-mediated SOCS2 expression regulates Jak2 and STAT3 activity following c-Src inhibition in head and neck squamous carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 18:127-39. [PMID: 22090359 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The inhibition of c-Src results in a striking reduction in cancer cell invasion, but the effect on cell survival is modest. Defining mechanisms that limit apoptosis following c-Src inhibition could result in an ideal therapeutic approach that both inhibits invasion and leads to apoptosis. In this regard, we discovered a novel feedback loop that results in STAT3 reactivation following sustained c-Src inhibition. Here we define the mechanism underlying this feedback loop and examine the effect of inhibiting it in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We measured levels and activity of pathway components using PCR, Western blotting, and kinase assays following their manipulation using both molecular and pharmacologic approaches. We used a heterotransplant animal model in which human oral squamous cancer is maintained exclusively in vivo. RESULTS Following c-Src inhibition, STAT5 is durably inhibited. The inhibition of STAT5A, but not STAT5B, subsequently reduces the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2). SOCS2 inhibits Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) activity and Jak2-STAT3 binding. SOCS2 expression is necessary for STAT3 inhibition by c-Src inhibitors. Overexpression of SOCS2 is adequate to prevent STAT3 reactivation and to enhance the cytotoxic effects of c-Src inhibition. Likewise, the combination of Jak and c-Src inhibitors led to significantly more apoptosis than either agent alone in vivo. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, ours is the first study that fully defines the mechanism underlying this feedback loop, in which sustained c-Src inhibition leads to diminished SOCS2 expression via sustained inhibition of STAT5A, allowing activation of Jak2 and STAT3, Jak2-STAT3 binding, and survival signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banibrata Sen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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50
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de Paula CAA, Coulson-Thomas VJ, Ferreira JG, Maza PK, Suzuki E, Nakahata AM, Nader HB, Sampaio MU, Oliva MLV. Enterolobium contortisiliquum trypsin inhibitor (EcTI), a plant proteinase inhibitor, decreases in vitro cell adhesion and invasion by inhibition of Src protein-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:170-182. [PMID: 22039045 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.263996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasion is vital for cancer progression and metastasis. Adhesion, migration, and degradation of the extracellular matrix are important events involved in the establishment of cancer cells at a new site, and therefore molecular targets are sought to inhibit such processes. The effect of a plant proteinase inhibitor, Enterolobium contortisiliquum trypsin inhibitor (EcTI), on the adhesion, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells was the focus of this study. EcTI showed no effect on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells or fibroblasts but inhibited the adhesion, migration, and cell invasion of gastric cancer cells; however, EcTI had no effect upon the adhesion of fibroblasts. EcTI was shown to decrease the expression and disrupt the cellular organization of molecules involved in the formation and maturation of invadopodia, such as integrin β1, cortactin, neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, membrane type 1 metalloprotease, and metalloproteinase-2. Moreover, gastric cancer cells treated with EcTI presented a significant decrease in intracellular phosphorylated Src and focal adhesion kinase, integrin-dependent cell signaling components. Together, these results indicate that EcTI inhibits the invasion of gastric cancer cells through alterations in integrin-dependent cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Alessandra Andrade de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Vivien Jane Coulson-Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Joana Gasperazzo Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Paloma Korehisa Maza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Miti Nakahata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Misako Uemura Sampaio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza V Oliva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil.
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