1
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Reshkin SJ, Cardone RA, Koltai T. Genetic Signature of Human Pancreatic Cancer and Personalized Targeting. Cells 2024; 13:602. [PMID: 38607041 PMCID: PMC11011857 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with a 5-year survival rate of around 11-12%. Surgery, being the treatment of choice, is only possible in 20% of symptomatic patients. The main reason is that when it becomes symptomatic, IT IS the tumor is usually locally advanced and/or has metastasized to distant organs; thus, early diagnosis is infrequent. The lack of specific early symptoms is an important cause of late diagnosis. Unfortunately, diagnostic tumor markers become positive at a late stage, and there is a lack of early-stage markers. Surgical and non-surgical cases are treated with neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy, and the results are usually poor. However, personalized targeted therapy directed against tumor drivers may improve this situation. Until recently, many pancreatic tumor driver genes/proteins were considered untargetable. Chemical and physical characteristics of mutated KRAS are a formidable challenge to overcome. This situation is slowly changing. For the first time, there are candidate drugs that can target the main driver gene of pancreatic cancer: KRAS. Indeed, KRAS inhibition has been clinically achieved in lung cancer and, at the pre-clinical level, in pancreatic cancer as well. This will probably change the very poor outlook for this disease. This paper reviews the genetic characteristics of sporadic and hereditary predisposition to pancreatic cancer and the possibilities of a personalized treatment according to the genetic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Tomas Koltai
- Oncomed, Via Pier Capponi 6, 50132 Florence, Italy
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2
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Andre M, Caobi A, Miles JS, Vashist A, Ruiz MA, Raymond AD. Diagnostic potential of exosomal extracellular vesicles in oncology. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:322. [PMID: 38454346 PMCID: PMC10921614 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy can detect circulating cancer cells or tumor cell-derived DNA at various stages of cancer. The fluid from these biopsies contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, exomeres, and exosomes. Exosomes contain proteins and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) that can modify the microenvironment and promote cancer progression, playing significant roles in cancer pathology. Clinically, the proteins and nucleic acids within the exosomes from liquid biopsies can be biomarkers for the detection and prognosis of cancer. We review EVs protein and miRNA biomarkers identified for select cancers, specifically melanoma, glioma, breast, pancreatic, hepatic, cervical, prostate colon, and some hematological malignancies. Overall, this review demonstrates that EV biomolecules have great potential to expand the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers used in Oncology; ultimately, EVs could lead to earlier detection and novel therapeutic targets. Clinical implicationsEVs represent a new paradigm in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. The potential use of exosomal contents as biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic indicators may facilitate cancer management. Non-invasive liquid biopsy is helpful, especially when the tumor is difficult to reach, such as in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Moreover, another advantage of using minimally invasive liquid biopsy is that monitoring becomes more manageable. Identifying tumor-derived exosomal proteins and microRNAs would allow a more personalized approach to detecting cancer and improving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickensone Andre
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at, Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, FL, USA
| | - Allen Caobi
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at, Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, FL, USA
| | - Jana S Miles
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at, Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, FL, USA
| | - Arti Vashist
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at, Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, FL, USA
| | - Marco A Ruiz
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at, Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, FL, USA
- Medical Oncology, Baptist Health Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, 33176, FL, USA
| | - Andrea D Raymond
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at, Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, FL, USA.
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3
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Huang B, Xin C, Yan H, Yu Z. A Machine Learning Method for a Blood Diagnostic Model of Pancreatic Cancer Based on microRNA Signatures. Crit Rev Immunol 2024; 44:13-23. [PMID: 38421702 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023051250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to construct a blood diagnostic model for pancreatic cancer (PC) using miRNA signatures by a combination of machine learning and biological experimental verification. Gene expression profiles of patients with PC and transcriptome normalization data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Using random forest algorithm, lasso regression algorithm, and multivariate cox regression analyses, the classifier of differentially expressed miRNAs was identified based on algorithms and functional properties. Next, the ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive performance of the diagnostic model. Finally, we analyzed the expression of two specific miRNAs in Capan-1, PANC-1, and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cells using qRT-PCR. Integrated microarray analysis revealed that 33 common miRNAs exhibited significant differences in expression profiles between tumor and normal groups (P value < 0.05 and |logFC| > 0.3). Pathway analysis showed that differentially expressed miRNAs were related to P00059 p53 pathway, hsa04062 chemokine signaling pathway, and cancer-related pathways including PC. In ENCORI database, the hsa-miR-4486 and hsa-miR-6075 were identified by random forest algorithm and lasso regression algorithm and introduced as major miRNA markers in PC diagnosis. Further, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis achieved the area under curve score > 80%, showing good sensitivity and specificity of the two-miRNA signature model in PC diagnosis. Additionally, hsa-miR-4486 and hsa-miR-6075 genes expressions in three pancreatic cells were all up-regulated by qRT-PCR. In summary, these findings suggest that the two miRNAs, hsa-miR-4486 and hsa-miR-6075, could serve as valuable prognostic markers for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - Chang Xin
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanjun Yan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhewei Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Koltai T. Earlier Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer: Is It Possible? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4430. [PMID: 37760400 PMCID: PMC10526520 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a very high mortality rate which has been only minimally improved in the last 30 years. This high mortality is closely related to late diagnosis, which is usually made when the tumor is large and has extensively infiltrated neighboring tissues or distant metastases are already present. This is a paradoxical situation for a tumor that requires nearly 15 years to develop since the first founding mutation. Response to chemotherapy under such late circumstances is poor, resistance is frequent, and prolongation of survival is almost negligible. Early surgery has been, and still is, the only approach with a slightly better outcome. Unfortunately, the relapse percentage after surgery is still very high. In fact, early surgery clearly requires early diagnosis. Despite all the advances in diagnostic methods, the available tools for improving these results are scarce. Serum tumor markers permit a late diagnosis, but their contribution to an improved therapeutic result is very limited. On the other hand, effective screening methods for high-risk populations have not been fully developed as yet. This paper discusses the difficulties of early diagnosis, evaluates whether the available diagnostic tools are adequate, and proposes some simple and not-so-simple measures to improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Hospital del Centro Gallego de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1094, Argentina
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5
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Dobre M, Poenaru RC, Niculae AM, Vladut C, Herlea V, Milanesi E, Hinescu ME. Increased Levels of miR-15b-5p and miR-20b-5p in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Hepatic Metastases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1577. [PMID: 37628628 PMCID: PMC10454474 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal forms of cancer. The symptoms appear in advanced stages, and diagnostic and prognostic tests for the early detection of PDAC and disease evolution are not available. The dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been associated with cancer development and progression, and some miRNAs have been reported to promote specific metastasis. In this study we aimed to identify the miRNAs dysregulated in PDAC tumoral tissues and a subset of miRNAs associated with tumoral characteristics, mainly metastasis presence and site. For this, the expression of 84 miRNAs was evaluated by qPCR in 30 tumoral tissues and 16 samples of non-tumoral pancreatic tissues. The comparison revealed 32 dysregulated miRNAs (19 upregulated and 13 downregulated) in the PDAC group. Reactome pathway over-representation analysis revealed that these miRNAs are involved in several biological pathways, including "ESR-mediated signaling", "PIP3 activates AKT signaling", and "Regulation of PTEN", among others. Moreover, our study identified an upregulation of miR-15b-5p and miR-20b-5p in the tumoral tissues of patients with hepatic metastasis, outlining these miRNAs as potential markers for hepatic metastasis. No significant difference in miRNA expression was observed in relation to anatomic location, lymphovascular invasion, lung metastasis, and the presence of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dobre
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.); (A.M.N.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Radu Cristian Poenaru
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Andrei Marian Niculae
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.); (A.M.N.); (M.E.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Catalina Vladut
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.P.); (C.V.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Herlea
- Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.); (A.M.N.); (M.E.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Mihail Eugen Hinescu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.); (A.M.N.); (M.E.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.P.); (C.V.)
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6
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Fang X, Lan H, Jin K, Qian J. Pancreatic cancer and exosomes: role in progression, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1149551. [PMID: 37287924 PMCID: PMC10242099 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1149551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most dangerous diseases that threaten human life, and investigating the details affecting its progression or regression is particularly important. Exosomes are one of the derivatives produced from different cells, including tumor cells and other cells such as Tregs, M2 macrophages, and MDSCs, and can help tumor growth. These exosomes perform their actions by affecting the cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) that produce extracellular matrix (ECM) components and immune cells that are responsible for killing tumor cells. It has also been shown that pancreatic cancer cell (PCC)-derived exosomes at different stages carry molecules. Checking the presence of these molecules in the blood and other body fluids can help us in the early stage diagnosis and monitoring of PC. However, immune system cell-derived exosomes (IEXs) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes can contribute to PC treatment. Immune cells produce exosomes as part of the mechanisms involved in the immune surveillance and tumor cell-killing phenomenon. Exosomes can be modified in such a way that their antitumor properties are enhanced. One of these methods is drug loading in exosomes, which can significantly increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. In general, exosomes form a complex intercellular communication network that plays a role in developing, progressing, diagnosing, monitoring, and treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanrong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinchang People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xinchang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Xinchang, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Wnuk J, Strzelczyk JK, Gisterek I. Clinical Value of Circulating miRNA in Diagnosis, Prognosis, Screening and Monitoring Therapy of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma-A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065113. [PMID: 36982210 PMCID: PMC10049684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is considered to be the seventh most common cause of cancer-related deaths. The number of deaths caused by PC is estimated to increase in the future. An early diagnosis of PC is crucial for improving treatment outcomes. The most common histopathological subtype of PC is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs)-which are endogenous non-coding RNAs involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of multiple gene expression-constitute useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in various neoplasms, including PDAC. Circulating miRNAs detected in a patient's serum or plasma are drawing more and more attention. Hence, this review aims at evaluating the clinical value of circulating miRNA in the screening, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Wnuk
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 35 Ceglana St., 40-515 Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Iwona Gisterek
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 35 Ceglana St., 40-515 Katowice, Poland
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8
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Trevisani F, Floris M, Minnei R, Cinque A. Renal Oncocytoma: The Diagnostic Challenge to Unmask the Double of Renal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052603. [PMID: 35269747 PMCID: PMC8910282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal oncocytoma represents the most common type of benign neoplasm that is an increasing concern for urologists, oncologists, and nephrologists due to its difficult differential diagnosis and frequent overtreatment. It displays a variable neoplastic parenchymal and stromal architecture, and the defining cellular element is a large polygonal, granular, eosinophilic, mitochondria-rich cell known as an oncocyte. The real challenge in the oncocytoma treatment algorithm is related to the misdiagnosis due to its resemblance, at an initial radiological assessment, to malignant renal cancers with a completely different prognosis and medical treatment. Unfortunately, percutaneous renal biopsy is not frequently performed due to the possible side effects related to the procedure. Therefore, the majority of oncocytoma are diagnosed after the surgical operation via partial or radical nephrectomy. For this reason, new reliable strategies to solve this issue are needed. In our review, we will discuss the clinical implications of renal oncocytoma in daily clinical practice with a particular focus on the medical diagnosis and treatment and on the potential of novel promising molecular biomarkers such as circulating microRNAs to distinguish between a benign and a malignant lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Trevisani
- Urological Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Unit of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Biorek S.r.l., San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Floris
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, G. Brotzu Hospital, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09134 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Minnei
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, G. Brotzu Hospital, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09134 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Alessandra Cinque
- Biorek S.r.l., San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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9
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Zhang W, Xing J, Liu T, Zhang J, Dai Z, Zhang H, Wang D, Tang D. Small extracellular vesicles: from mediating cancer cell metastasis to therapeutic value in pancreatic cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:1. [PMID: 34980146 PMCID: PMC8722298 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor and, is extremely difficult to diagnose and treat. Metastasis is one of the critical steps in the development of cancer and uses cell to cell communication to mediate changes in the microenvironment. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)-carry proteins, nucleic acids and other bioactive substances, and are important medium for communication between cells. There are two primary steps in sVEs-mediated metastasis: communication between pancreatic cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment; and the communication between primary tumor cells and distant organ cells in distant organs that promotes angiogenesis, reshaping extracellular matrix, forming immunosuppressive environment and other ways to form appropriate pre-metastasis niche. Here, we explore the mechanism of localization and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and use sEVs as early biomarkers for the detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Juan Xing
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Tian Liu
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jie Zhang
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Zhujiang Dai
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Huan Zhang
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Daorong Wang
- grid.268415.cDepartment of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001 China
| | - Dong Tang
- grid.268415.cDepartment of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001 China
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10
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Role of microRNAs in response to cadmium chloride in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Arch Toxicol 2021; 96:467-485. [PMID: 34905088 PMCID: PMC8837568 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal and aggressive malignancies with a 5-year survival rate less than 9%. Early detection is particularly difficult due to the lack of symptoms even in advanced stages. microRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) are small (~ 18–24 nucleotides), endogenous, non-coding RNAs, which are involved in the pathogenesis of several malignancies including PDAC. Alterations of miR expressions can lead to apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The role of environmental pollutants such as cadmium (Cd) in PDAC has been suggested but not fully understood. This study underlines the role of miRs (miR-221, miR-155, miR-126) in response to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in vitro. Lethal concentration (LC50) values for CdCl2 resulted in a toxicity series of AsPC-1 > HPNE > BxPC-3 > Panc-1 = Panc-10.5. Following the treatment with CdCl2, miR-221 and miR-155 were significantly overexpressed, whereas miR-126 was downregulated. An increase in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the dysregulation of mesenchymal markers such as Wnt-11, E-cadherin, Snail, and Zeb1 was also observed. Hence, this study has provided evidence to suggest that the environmental pollutant Cd can have a significant role in the development of PDAC, suggesting a significant correlation between miRs and Cd exposure during PDAC progression. Further studies are needed to investigate the precise role of miRs in PDAC progression as well as the role of Cd and other environmental pollutants.
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11
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Guo S, Qin H, Liu K, Wang H, Bai S, Liu S, Shao Z, Zhang Y, Song B, Xu X, Shen J, Zeng P, Shi X, Chen H, Gao S, Xu J, Pan Y, Xiong L, Li F, Zhang D, Jiao X, Jin G. Blood small extracellular vesicles derived miRNAs to differentiate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from chronic pancreatitis. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e520. [PMID: 34586739 PMCID: PMC8431442 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from chronic pancreatitis (CP) is clinically challenging due to a lack of minimally invasive diagnosis methods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) derived from small extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the blood have been reported as a promising diagnosis biomarker for various types of cancer. However, blood small EV miRNA signatures and their diagnostic value to differentiate between PDAC and CP remain to be determined. METHODS In this study, 107 patients with PDAC or CP were recruited, and 90 patients were finally enrolled for a training cohort (n = 48) and test cohort (n = 42). Small RNA sequencing was used to assess the expression of blood small EV miRNAs in these patients. RESULTS The linear model from the differentially expressed blood small EV miR-95-3p divided by miR-26b-5p showed an average sensitivity of 84.1% and an average specificity of 96.6% to identify PDAC from CP in the training cohort and the test cohort, respectively. When the model was combined with serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), the average sensitivity increased to 96.5%, and the average specificity remained at 96.4% of both cohorts, which demonstrated the best performance of all the published biomarkers for distinguishing between PDAC and CP. The causal analysis performed using the Bayesian network demonstrated that miR-95-3p was associated with a "consequence" of "cancer" and miR-26b-5p as a "cause" of "pancreatitis." A subgroup analysis revealed that blood small EV miR-335-5p/miR-340-5p could predict metastases in both cohorts and was associated with an overall survival (p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that blood small EV miR-95-3p/miR-26b-5p and its combination with serum levels of CA19-9 could separate PDAC from CP, and miR-335-5p/miR-340-5p was identified to associate with PDAC metastasis and poor prognosis. These results suggested the potentiality of blood small EV miRNAs as differential diagnosis and metastases biomarkers of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic SurgeryChanghai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Qin
- 3D Medicines Inc.ShanghaiChina
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Medical OncologyChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic SurgeryChanghai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Sijia Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic SurgeryChanghai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Zhuo Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic SurgeryChanghai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Bin Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic SurgeryChanghai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Jing Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic SurgeryChanghai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Xiaohan Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic SurgeryChanghai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Suizhi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic SurgeryChanghai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Yaqi Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic SurgeryChanghai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | | | | | - Xiaodong Jiao
- Department of Medical OncologyChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Gang Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic SurgeryChanghai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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12
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Romano R, Picca A, Eusebi LHU, Marzetti E, Calvani R, Moro L, Bucci C, Guerra F. Extracellular Vesicles and Pancreatic Cancer: Insights on the Roles of miRNA, lncRNA, and Protein Cargos in Cancer Progression. Cells 2021; 10:1361. [PMID: 34205944 PMCID: PMC8226820 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most devastating digestive tract cancers worldwide. This cancer is characterized by poor diagnostic detection, lack of therapy, and difficulty in predicting tumorigenesis progression. Although mutations of key oncogenes and oncosuppressor involved in tumor growth and in immunosurveillance escape are known, the underlying mechanisms that orchestrate PC initiation and progression are poorly understood or still under debate. In recent years, the attention of many researchers has been concentrated on the role of extracellular vesicles and of a particular subset of extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes. Literature data report that these nanovesicles are able to deliver their cargos to recipient cells playing key roles in the pathogenesis and progression of many pancreatic precancerous conditions. In this review, we have summarized and discussed principal cargos of extracellular vesicles characterized in PC, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and several proteins, to offer a systematic overview of their function in PC progression. The study of extracellular vesicles is allowing to understand that investigation of their secretion and analysis of their content might represent a new and potential diagnostic and prognostic tools for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonardo Henry Umberto Eusebi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Sant’Orsola University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Loredana Moro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; or
- Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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Exosomes as Pleiotropic Players in Pancreatic Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030275. [PMID: 33803470 PMCID: PMC8002012 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) incidence is rising and due to late diagnosis, combined with unsatisfactory response to current therapeutic approaches, this tumor has an extremely high mortality rate. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying pancreatic carcinogenesis is of paramount importance for rational diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Multiple lines of evidence have showed that exosomes are actively involved in intercellular communication by transferring their cargos of bioactive molecules to recipient cells within the tumor microenvironment and systemically. Intriguingly, exosomes may exert both protumor and antitumor effects, supporting or hampering processes that play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of PC, including shifts in tumor metabolism, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance. They also have a dual role in PC immunomodulation, exerting immunosuppressive or immune enhancement effects through several mechanisms. PC-derived exosomes also induce systemic metabolic alterations, leading to the onset of diabetes and weight loss. Moreover, exosomes have been described as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PC. Their potential application in PC therapy as drug carriers and therapeutic targets is under investigation. In this review, we provide an overview of the multiple roles played by exosomes in PC biology through their specific cargo biomolecules and of their potential exploitation in early diagnosis and treatment of PC.
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14
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Khan IA, Rashid S, Singh N, Rashid S, Singh V, Gunjan D, Das P, Dash NR, Pandey RM, Chauhan SS, Gupta S, Saraya A. Panel of serum miRNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2824. [PMID: 33531550 PMCID: PMC7854650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-stage diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is difficult due to non-specific symptoms. Circulating miRNAs in body fluids have been emerging as potential non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis of many cancers. Thus, this study aimed to assess a panel of miRNAs for their ability to differentiate PDAC from chronic pancreatitis (CP), a benign inflammatory condition of the pancreas. Next-generation sequencing was performed to identify miRNAs present in 60 FFPE tissue samples (27 PDAC, 23 CP and 10 normal pancreatic tissues). Four up-regulated miRNAs (miR-215-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-192-5p, and miR-181a-2-3p) and four down-regulated miRNAs (miR-30b-5p, miR-216b-5p, miR-320b, and miR-214-5p) in PDAC compared to CP were selected based on next-generation sequencing results. The levels of these 8 differentially expressed miRNAs were measured by qRT-PCR in 125 serum samples (50 PDAC, 50 CP, and 25 healthy controls (HC)). The results showed significant upregulation of miR-215-5p, miR-122-5p, and miR-192-5p in PDAC serum samples. In contrast, levels of miR-30b-5p and miR-320b were significantly lower in PDAC as compared to CP and HC. ROC analysis showed that these 5 miRNAs can distinguish PDAC from both CP and HC. Hence, this panel can serve as a non-invasive biomarker for the early detection of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imteyaz Ahmad Khan
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Safoora Rashid
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Sumaira Rashid
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Vishwajeet Singh
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Gunjan
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Dash
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Mohan Pandey
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam Singh Chauhan
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Surabhi Gupta
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
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15
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Chauhan N, Dhasmana A, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM. miR-205: A Potential Biomedicine for Cancer Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091957. [PMID: 32854238 PMCID: PMC7564275 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of their target mRNAs post transcriptionally. miRNAs are known to regulate not just a gene but the whole gene network (signaling pathways). Accumulating evidence(s) suggests that miRNAs can work either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, but some miRNAs have a dual nature since they can act as both. miRNA 205 (miR-205) is one such highly conserved miRNA that can act as both, oncomiRNA and tumor suppressor. However, most reports confirm its emerging role as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. This review focuses on the downregulated expression of miR-205 and discusses its dysregulation in breast, prostate, skin, liver, gliomas, pancreatic, colorectal and renal cancers. This review also confers its role in tumor initiation, progression, cell proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and tumor metastasis. Restoration of miR-205 makes cells more sensitive to drug treatments and mitigates drug resistance. Additionally, the importance of miR-205 in chemosensitization and its utilization as potential biomedicine and nanotherapy is described. Together, this review research article sheds a light on its application as a diagnostic and therapeutic marker, and as a biomedicine in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (N.C.); (A.D.); (M.J.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (N.C.); (A.D.); (M.J.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (N.C.); (A.D.); (M.J.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (N.C.); (A.D.); (M.J.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (N.C.); (A.D.); (M.J.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(956)-296-1734
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16
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Lan B, Zeng S, Grützmann R, Pilarsky C. The Role of Exosomes in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184332. [PMID: 31487880 PMCID: PMC6770781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers in the world, as a consequence of late diagnosis, early metastasis and limited response to chemotherapy, under which conditions the potential mechanism of pancreatic cancer progression requires further study. Exosomes are membrane vesicles which are important in the progression, metastasis and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Additionally, they have been verified to be potential as biomarkers, targets and drug carriers for pancreatic cancer treatment. Thus, studying the role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer is significant. This paper focuses on the role of exosomes in the proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance, as well as their potential applications for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lan
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Siyuan Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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17
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Dettori D, Orso F, Penna E, Baruffaldi D, Brundu S, Maione F, Turco E, Giraudo E, Taverna D. Therapeutic Silencing of miR-214 Inhibits Tumor Progression in Multiple Mouse Models. Mol Ther 2019; 26:2008-2018. [PMID: 29929788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that miR-214 is upregulated in malignant melanomas and triple-negative breast tumors and promotes metastatic dissemination by affecting a complex pathway including the anti-metastatic miR-148b. Importantly, tumor dissemination could be reduced by blocking miR-214 function or increasing miR-148b expression or by simultaneous interventions. Based on this evidence, with the intent to explore the role of miR-214 as a target for therapy, we evaluated the capability of new chemically modified anti-miR-214, R97/R98, to inhibit miR-214 coordinated metastatic traits. Relevantly, when melanoma or breast cancer cells were transfected with R97/R98, anti-miR-214 reduced miR-214 expression and impaired transendothelial migration were observed. Noteworthy, when the same cells were injected in the tail vein of mice, cell extravasation and metastatic nodule formation in lungs were strongly reduced. Thus, suggesting that R97/R98 anti-miR-214 oligonucleotides were able to inhibit tumor cell escaping through the endothelium. More importantly, when R97/R98 anti-miR-214 compounds were systemically delivered to mice carrying melanomas or breast or neuroendocrine pancreatic cancers, a reduced number of circulating tumor cells and lung or lymph node metastasis formation were detected. Similar results were also obtained when AAV8-miR-214 sponges were used in neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors. Based on this evidence, we propose miR-214 as a promising target for anti-metastatic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dettori
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Orso
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Complex Systems in Molecular Biology and Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Elisa Penna
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Désirée Baruffaldi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Brundu
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Maione
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Complex Systems in Molecular Biology and Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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18
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Banerjee A, Chabria Y, Kanna N. R. R, Gopi J, Rowlo P, Sun XF, Pathak S. Role of Tumor Specific niche in Colon Cancer Progression and Emerging Therapies by Targeting Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1341:177-192. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Rofi E, Vivaldi C, Del Re M, Arrigoni E, Crucitta S, Funel N, Fogli S, Vasile E, Musettini G, Fornaro L, Falcone A, Danesi R. The emerging role of liquid biopsy in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring of pancreatic cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 20:49-68. [PMID: 30520336 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells and tumor-related exosomes may offer new opportunities to provide insights into the biological and clinical characteristics of a neoplastic disease. They represent alternative routes for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, and for predicting and longitudinally monitoring response to treatment and disease progression. Hence, circulating biomarkers represent promising noninvasive tools in the scenario of pancreatic cancer, where neither molecular nor clinical predictors of treatment benefit have been identified yet. This review aims to provide an overview of the current status of circulating biomarker research in pancreatic cancer, and discusses their potential clinical utility to facilitate clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Rofi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Vivaldi
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Arrigoni
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Crucitta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Niccola Funel
- Department of Translational Research & The New Technologies in Medicine & Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Fogli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Vasile
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianna Musettini
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fornaro
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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20
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The ambiguous role of microRNA-205 and its clinical potential in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:2419-2431. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Clinical Impact of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Regulating MicroRNAs in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090328. [PMID: 30217058 PMCID: PMC6162771 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive carcinoma entities worldwide with early and rapid dissemination. Recently, we discussed the role of microRNAs as epigenetic regulators of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in PDAC. In this study, we investigated their value as diagnostic and prognostic markers in tissue and blood samples of 185 patients including PDAC, non-malignant pancreatic disorders, and age-matched healthy controls. Expression of the microRNA-200-family (microRNAs -141, -200a, -200b, -200c, -429) and microRNA-148a was significantly downregulated in tissue of PDAC Union internationale contre le cancer (UICC) Stage II. Correspondingly, stromal PDAC tissue showed strong expression of Fibronectin, Vimentin, and ZEB-1 (Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox) versus low expression of E-cadherin. Transient transfection of microRNA-200b and microRNA-200c mimics resulted in the downregulation of their key target ZEB-1. Inversely, blood serum analyses of patients with PDAC UICC Stages II, III, and IV showed a significant over-expression of microRNA-200-family members, microRNA-148a, microRNA-10b, and microRNA-34a. Correspondingly, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) analyses revealed a significant over-expression of soluble E-cadherin in serum samples of PDAC patients versus healthy controls. The best diagnostic accuracy to distinguish between PDAC and non-PDAC in this patient collective could be achieved in tissue by microRNA-148a with an area under the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.885 and in blood serum by a panel of microRNA-141, -200b, -200c, and CA.19-9 with an AUC of 0.890. Both diagnostic tools outreach the diagnostic performance of the currently most common diagnostic biomarker CA.19-9 (AUC of 0.834). Kaplan Meier survival analysis of this patient collective revealed an improved overall survival in PDAC patients with high expression of tissue-related microRNA-34a, -141, -200b, -200c, and -429. In conclusion, EMT-regulating microRNAs have great potential as liquid and solid biopsy markers in PDAC patients. Their prognostic and therapeutic benefits remain important tasks for future studies.
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22
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MicroRNAs as Urinary Biomarker for Oncocytoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:6979073. [PMID: 30116406 PMCID: PMC6079495 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6979073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The identification of benign renal oncocytoma, its differentiation from malignant renal tumors, and their eosinophilic variants are a continuous challenge, influencing preoperative planning and being an unnecessary stress factor for patients. Regressive changes enhance the diagnostic dilemma, making evaluations by frozen sections or by immunohistology (on biopsies) unreliable. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been proposed as novel biomarkers to differentiate renal tumor subtypes. However, their value as a diagnostic biomarker of oncocytoma in urines based on mechanisms known in oncocytomas has not been exploited. We used urines from patients with renal tumors (oncocytoma, renal cell carcinoma: clear cell, papillary, chromophobe) and with other urogenital lesions. miRs were extracted and detected via qRT-PCR, the respective tumors analyzed by immunohistology. We found isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 upregulated in oncocytoma and oncocytic chromophobe carcinoma, indicating an increased Krebs cycle metabolism. Since we had shown that all renal tumors are stimulated by endothelin-1, we analyzed miRs preidentified by microarray after endothelin-1 stimulation of renal epithelial cells. Four miRs are proposed as presurgical urinary biomarkers due to their known regulatory mechanism in oncocytoma: miR-498 (formation of the oncocytoma-specific slice-form of vimentin, Vim3), miR-183 (associated with increased CO2 levels), miR-205, and miR-31 (signaling through downregulation of PKC epsilon, shown previously).
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23
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Yadav DK, Bai X, Yadav RK, Singh A, Li G, Ma T, Chen W, Liang T. Liquid biopsy in pancreatic cancer: the beginning of a new era. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26900-26933. [PMID: 29928492 PMCID: PMC6003564 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With dismal survival rate pancreatic cancer remains one of the most aggressive and devastating malignancy. Predominantly, due to the absence of a dependable methodology for early identification and limited therapeutic options for advanced disease. However, it takes over 17 years to develop pancreatic cancer from initiation of mutation to metastatic cancer; therefore, if diagnosed early; it may increase overall survival dramatically, thus, providing a window of opportunity for early detection. Recently, genomic expression analysis defined 4 subtypes of pancreatic cancer based on mutated genes. Hence, we need simple and standard, minimally invasive test that can monitor those altered genes or their associated pathways in time for the success of precision medicine, and liquid biopsy seems to be one answer to all these questions. Again, liquid biopsy has an ability to pair with genomic tests. Additionally, liquid biopsy based development of circulating tumor cells derived xenografts, 3D organoids system, real-time monitoring of genetic mutations by circulating tumor DNA and exosome as the targeted drug delivery vehicle holds lots of potential for the treatment and cure of pancreatic cancer. At present, diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is frantically done on the premise of CA19-9 and radiological features only, which doesn't give a picture of genetic mutations and epigenetic alteration involved. In this manner, the current diagnostic paradigm for pancreatic cancer diagnosis experiences low diagnostic accuracy. This review article discusses the current state of liquid biopsy in pancreatic cancer as diagnostic and therapeutic tools and future perspectives of research in the light of circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA and exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Gandaki Medical College, Tribhuwan University, Institute of Medicine, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
| | - Alina Singh
- Department of Surgery, Bir Hospital, National Academy of Medical Science, Kanti Path, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Guogang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Song S, Yu W, Lin S, Zhang M, Wang T, Guo S, Wang H. LncRNA ADPGK-AS1 promotes pancreatic cancer progression through activating ZEB1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:573-583. [PMID: 29667486 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1423912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the effects of ADP dependent glucokinase antisense RNA 1 (ADPGK-AS1)/ miR-205-5p/ zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) on PC cells. METHODS Differentially expressed lncRNAs and miRNAs in pancreatic cancer (PC) were identified by microarray analysis. In silico ceRNA analysis was conducted to find out the interactions among lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized to examine the expression of miR-205-5p and lncRNA ADPGK-AS1 in PC and non-cancerous cells. The association between miR-205-5p and ADPGK-AS1 as well as miR-205-5p and ZEB1 was determined by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. After manipulating the expression of ADPGK-AS1, mir-205-5p and ZEB1 in PANC-1 and SW-1990 cells, cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were respectively confirmed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, transwell assay and TUNEL. Western blot was applied to examine the expression of Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition-related proteins. In vivo experiment was conducted to further determine the effect of miR-205-5p/ZEB1 on tumorigenic ability of PC cells. RESULTS MiR-205-5p was low-expressed while ZEB1 and ADPGK-AS1 were high-expressed in PC tissues and cells compared with the normal. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay proved that ADPGK-AS1 could directly target miR-205-5p and miR-205-5p could directly target ZEB1 3'UTR. The expression of MiR-205-5p was negatively correlated with proliferation, migration and invasion, and positively correlated with apoptosis rate of PC cells, while ZEB1 and ADPGK-AS1 had an inversed effect. Further in vitro and in vivo investigation indicated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) could be restrained by miR-205-5p through targeting ZEB1. ADPGK-AS1 strongly promoted the tumorigenesis via downregulating miR-205-5p expression and induced the EMT process in vivo. CONCLUSION ADPGK-AS1 inhibited miR-205-5p and therefore promoted PC progression through activating ZEB1-induced EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Song
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Weihua Yu
- b Department of Digestive Disease , the Qilu Second Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Sen Lin
- b Department of Digestive Disease , the Qilu Second Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Mingbao Zhang
- b Department of Digestive Disease , the Qilu Second Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Teng Wang
- b Department of Digestive Disease , the Qilu Second Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Shuang Guo
- b Department of Digestive Disease , the Qilu Second Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- b Department of Digestive Disease , the Qilu Second Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , China
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Ma Y, Chen Y, Lin J, Liu Y, Luo K, Cao Y, Wang T, Jin H, Su Z, Wu H, Chen X, Cheng J. Circulating miR-31 as an effective biomarker for detection and prognosis of human cancer: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28660-28671. [PMID: 28404921 PMCID: PMC5438681 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Circulating miR-31 was found to be associated with cancers detection and prognosis. The present meta-analysis aimed to explore the effect of circulating miR-31 on cancer detection and prognosis. METHOD The studies were accessed using multiple databases. RevMan5.3, Meta-DiSc 1.4, and STATA14.0 were used to estimate the pooled effects, heterogeneity among studies, and publication bias. RESULTS A total of 14 studies with 1397 cancer patients and 1039 controls were included. For the 12 prognostic tests, the adjusted pooled-AUC was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73-0.86) as the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odd ratio (DOR) from 10 tests was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76-0.82), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76-0.82), 3.81 (95% CI: 2.90-5.01), 0.26 (95% CI: 0.20-0.35), and 16.81 (95% CI: 9.67-29.25), respectively. For the 5 prognosis analyses, the pooled HR (hazard ratio) of overall survival (OS) was 1.55 (95% CI 1.30-1.86) for high versus low circulating miR-31 expression. However, high expression of circulating miR-31 did not significantly increase the risk of poor differentiation (pooled OR=1.39, 95% CI: 0.56-3.47) and LNM (pooled OR=3.46, 95% CI: 0.96-12.42) in lung cancer. CONCLUSION Circulating miR-31 is an effective biomarker and could be used as a component of miRs signature for cancer detection and prognosis surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Ma
- Respiratory Medicine, Guangming District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yunfang Chen
- Pain Department, The Eight Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, ShenZhen, P.R. China
| | - Jinbo Lin
- Medical oncology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Kai Luo
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Tieqiang Wang
- Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Zhan Su
- Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Haolin Wu
- Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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Moutinho-Ribeiro P, Macedo G, Melo SA. Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis and Management: Has the Time Come to Prick the Bubble? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:779. [PMID: 30671023 PMCID: PMC6331408 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is associated with poor prognosis and very dismal survival rates. The most effective possibility of cure is tumor resection, which is only possible in about 15% of patients diagnosed at early stages of disease progression. Recent whole-genome sequencing studies pointed genetic alterations in 12 core signaling pathways in PC. These observations hint at the possibility that the initial mutation in PC might appear nearly 20 years before any symptoms occur, suggesting that a large window of opportunity may exist for early detection. Biomarkers with the potential to identify pre-neoplastic disease or very early stages of cancer are of great promise to improve patient survival. The concept of liquid biopsy refers to a minimally invasive sampling and analysis of liquid biomarkers that can be isolated from body fluids, primarily blood, urine and saliva. A myriad of circulating molecules may be useful as tumor markers, including cell-free DNA (cfDNA), cell-free RNA (cfRNA), circulating tumor cells (CTC), circulating tumor proteins, and extracellular vesicles, more specifically exosomes. In this review, we discuss with more detail the potential role of exosomes in several aspects related to PC, from initiation to tumor progression and its applicability in early detection and treatment. Exosomes are small circulating extracellular vesicles of 50-150 nm in diameter released from the plasma membrane by almost all cells and exhibit some advantages over other biomarkers. Exosomes are central players of intercellular communication and they have been implicated in a series of biological process, including tumorigenesis, migration and metastasis. Several exosomal microRNAs and proteins have been observed to distinguish PC from benign pancreatic diseases and healthy controls. Besides their possible role in diagnosis, understanding exosomes functions in cancer has clarified the importance of microenvironment in PC progression as well as its influence in proliferation, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Increasing knowledge on cancer exosomes provides valuable insights on new therapeutic targets and can potentially open new strategies to treat this disease. Continuous research is needed to ascertain the reliability of using exosomes and their content as potential biomarkers, so that, hopefully, in the near future, they will provide the opportunity for early diagnosis, treatment intervention and increase survival of PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Moutinho-Ribeiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Guilherme Macedo
| | - Sónia A. Melo
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Sónia A. Melo
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Yang JK, Song J, Huo HR, Zhao YL, Zhang GY, Zhao ZM, Sun GZ, Jiao BH. DNM3, p65 and p53 from exosomes represent potential clinical diagnosis markers for glioblastoma multiforme. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2017; 9:741-754. [PMID: 29449895 PMCID: PMC5808838 DOI: 10.1177/1758834017737471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and deadly primary brain cancer that arises from astrocytes and classified as grade IV. Recently, exosomes have been reported as an essential mediator in diverse cancer carcinogenesis and metastasis. However, their role in GBM is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether blood exosomes can be potential clinical diagnostic markers for GBM. Methods: We used a xenograft orthotopic mouse model to detect the differentially expressed genes in the brain and blood exosomes of original/recurrent GBM. Results: We found that recurrent GBM had stronger growth capacity and lethality than original GBM in the mouse model. A gene microarray of original tumors and blood exosomes from GBM orthotopic xenografts results showed that DNM3, p65 and CD117 expressions increased, whereas PTEN and p53 expressions decreased in both original tumors and blood exosomes. In the recurrent GBM tumor model, DNM3 and p65 showed increased expressions, whereas ST14 and p53 showed decreased expressions in tumor and blood exosomes of the recurrent GBM mouse model. Conclusion: In summary, we found that DNM3, p65 and p53 had a similar trend in brain and blood exosomes both for original and recurrent GBM, and could serve as potential clinical diagnostic markers for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Kai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao-Ran Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yin-Long Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guang-Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zong-Mao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guo-Zhu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bao-Hua Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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Liang L, Wei DM, Li JJ, Luo DZ, Chen G, Dang YW, Cai XY. Prognostic microRNAs and their potential molecular mechanism in pancreatic cancer: A study based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and bioinformatics investigation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:939-951. [PMID: 29115476 PMCID: PMC5780175 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although certain biomarkers that are directly associated with the overall survival (OS) of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) have been identified, the efficacy of a single factor is limited to predicting the prognosis. The aim of the present study was to identify a combination micro (mi)RNA signature that enhanced the prognostic prediction for PAAD. Following analysis of the data available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), 175 PAAD samples were selected for the present study, and the associations between 494 miRNAs and OS were investigated. The prognostic value of all miRNAs was analyzed by multivariate Cox regression, and the miRNAs were ranked according to the hazard ratio (HR) and P-values. The top 5 miRNAs (miR-1301, miR-125a, miR-376c, miR-328 and miR-376b) were significantly associated with OS (HR=0.139; 95% confidence interval, 0.043–0.443; P<0.001), thus demonstrating that this panel was able to serve as an independent prognostic factor for PAAD. In addition, the present study also predicted the target genes of the top 10 miRNAs with the highest prognostic values using 12 different prediction software, and enrichment signaling pathway analyses elucidated that several pathways may be markedly associated with these miRNAs, including ‘Pathways in cancer’, ‘Chronic myeloid leukemia’, ‘Glioma’ and ‘MicroRNAs in cancer’. Lastly, ubiquitin C, epidermal growth factor receptor, estrogen receptor 1, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 and androgen receptor may be the hub genes revealed by STRING analysis. The present study identified several miRNAs, particularly a five-miRNA-pool, that may be reliable, independent factors for predicting survival in patients with PAAD. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms require further investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Ming Wei
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Dian-Zhong Luo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yong Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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Feng Y, Duan F, Liu W, Fu X, Cui S, Yang Z. Prognostic value of the microRNA-214 in multiple human cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75350-75360. [PMID: 29088870 PMCID: PMC5650425 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that microRNA-214 (miR-214) may act as a prognostic biomarker of cancer. However, the available evidence is controversial. This study summarizes evidence and evaluates the prognostic role of miR-214 in various cancers. We carried out a systematic literature review and assessed the quality of included studies based on Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Criteria and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS) and disease free survival/progressive free survival/recurrence free survival (DFS/PFS/RFS) were calculated to measure the effective value of miR-214 expression on prognosis. Thirteen studies were included in pooled analysis. We found that miR-214 was significantly correlated with OS (HR=2.21, 95%CI: 1.33-3.68, P=0.00), no significant difference was found with DFS/PFS/RFS (HR=1.73, 95%CI: 0.78-3.83, P=0.18) in various carcinomas. In subgroup analysis, higher expression of miR-214 was significantly associated with poor OS in Asians (HR=2.27, 95%CI: 1.09-4.73, P=0.00) and Caucasians (HR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.47-3.30, P=0.00). On the contrary, high miR-214 expression significantly predicted favorable DFS/PFS/RFS (HR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.31-0.82, P=0.00) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) group. Our data indicates that high miR-214 could be a promising biomarker for prognosis prediction of cancer. However, further clinical studies are needed for the current insufficient relevant data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Feng
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fujiao Duan
- Medical Research Office, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weigang Liu
- Medical Record Statistics Office, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuli Cui
- College of Professional Study, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Medical Research Office, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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30
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Nuzhat Z, Kinhal V, Sharma S, Rice GE, Joshi V, Salomon C. Tumour-derived exosomes as a signature of pancreatic cancer - liquid biopsies as indicators of tumour progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17279-17291. [PMID: 27999198 PMCID: PMC5370040 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of death due to cancer in the world. It is known to have a poor prognosis, mostly because early stages of the disease are generally asymptomatic. Progress in pancreatic cancer research has been slow, leaving several fundamental questions pertaining to diagnosis and treatment unanswered. Recent studies highlight the putative utility of tissue-specific vesicles (i.e. extracellular vesicles) in the diagnosis of disease onset and treatment monitoring in pancreatic cancer. Extracellular vesicles are membrane-limited structures derived from the cell membrane. They contain specific molecules including proteins, mRNA, microRNAs and non-coding RNAs that are secreted in the extracellular space. Extracellular vesicles can be classified according to their size and/or origin into microvesicles (~150-1000 nm) and exosomes (~40-120 nm). Microvesicles are released by budding from the plasmatic membrane, whereas exosomes are released via the endocytic pathway by fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasmatic membrane. This endosomal origin means that exosomes contain an abundance of cell-specific biomolecules which may act as a 'fingerprint' of the cell of origin. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer, particularly the potential role of EVs in these facets of disease management. In particular, we suggest that as exosomes contain cellular protein and RNA molecules in a cell type-specific manner, they may provide extensive information about the signature of the tumour and pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarin Nuzhat
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Vyjayanthi Kinhal
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Shayna Sharma
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Gregory E Rice
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Baptist Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Baptist Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Culturing and transcriptome profiling of progenitor-like colonies derived from adult mouse pancreas. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:172. [PMID: 28747214 PMCID: PMC5530554 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transplantation of insulin-producing cells is considered an important diabetes therapy. Many research studies have shown that insulin-producing cells can be derived from the in-vitro cultured pancreatic colonies with self-renewal ability and multilineage potential. Even though these progenitor-like colonies have been prepared from adult pancreas cells, the efficient culture method is hardly established and regulation of the colonies is rarely known. We confirmed previously that single cells acquired from adult mouse pancreas could form cyst-like colonies in a 3D semi-solid system containing Matrigel and methylcellulose. These colonies could be passaged continuously without losing progenitor-like capacity. In the previous culturing system, however, conditioned medium from murine embryonic-stem-cell-derived pancreatic-like cells was used. This unregulated ingredient may reduce repeatability and affect following study. Thus, a new culturing system with certain components needs to be developed. Methods Single cell suspension was acquired from adult mouse pancreas and cultured in a Matrigel-based 3D system with epidermal growth factor, Nicotinamide, B27, and Noggin to form ring colonies. Serial-passage assay was performed to evaluate self-renewal ability. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining were used to detect the expression of progenitor-related genes. A 2D differentiation method was used to testify the multilineage potency of the colonies. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of the colonies was performed to profile the differentially expressed genes. Results We developed a 3D culturing system deprived of conditioned medium to propagate those colonies with high proliferative efficiency. HTS of the transcriptome of mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) showed differentially expressed genes compared to the whole pancreas (as control). In mRNAs, several surface marker genes were identified in the colonies. Moreover in noncoding RNAs, miR-21a, miR-31 and miR-155 were upregulated and miR-217, miR-802 and miR-375 were downregulated in colonies along with a number of other miRNAs and lncRNAs. Conclusions Our results offer an efficient culture system for pancreatic progenitor-like colonies and HTS of the colonies serves as a target resource for following study of in-vitro cultured pancreatic progenitors. These findings should also contribute to our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of these progenitor-like colonies and the mechanisms behind their functions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0626-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Wang C, Feng Z, Jiang K, Zuo X. [ARTICLE WITHDRAWN] Upregulation of MicroRNA-935 Promotes the Malignant Behaviors of Pancreatic Carcinoma PANC-1 Cells via Targeting Inositol Polyphosphate 4-Phosphatase Type I Gene (INPP4A). Oncol Res 2017; 25:559-569. [PMID: 27733216 PMCID: PMC7841058 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14759554689565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
THIS ARTICLE WAS WITHDRAWN BY THE PUBLISHER IN NOVEMBER 2020
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyue Wang
- *Department of Digestive Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- †Department of Digestive Disease, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Feng
- ‡Department of Joint Surgery, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Kaitong Jiang
- †Department of Digestive Disease, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Zuo
- *Department of Digestive Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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Cancer Salivary Biomarkers for Tumours Distant to the Oral Cavity. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091531. [PMID: 27626410 PMCID: PMC5037806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of saliva as a diagnostic approach for systemic diseases was proposed just two decades ago, but recently great interest in the field has emerged because of its revolutionary potential as a liquid biopsy and its usefulness as a non-invasive sampling method. Multiple molecules isolated in saliva have been proposed as cancer biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, drug monitoring and pharmacogenetic studies. In this review, we focus on the current status of the salivary diagnostic biomarkers for different cancers distant to the oral cavity, noting their potential use in the clinic and their applicability in personalising cancer therapies.
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Larrea E, Sole C, Manterola L, Goicoechea I, Armesto M, Arestin M, Caffarel MM, Araujo AM, Araiz M, Fernandez-Mercado M, Lawrie CH. New Concepts in Cancer Biomarkers: Circulating miRNAs in Liquid Biopsies. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050627. [PMID: 27128908 PMCID: PMC4881453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective and efficient management of cancer patients relies upon early diagnosis and/or the monitoring of treatment, something that is often difficult to achieve using standard tissue biopsy techniques. Biological fluids such as blood hold great possibilities as a source of non-invasive cancer biomarkers that can act as surrogate markers to biopsy-based sampling. The non-invasive nature of these “liquid biopsies” ultimately means that cancer detection may be earlier and that the ability to monitor disease progression and/or treatment response represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer patients. Below, we review one of the most promising classes of circulating cancer biomarkers: microRNAs (miRNAs). In particular, we will consider their history, the controversy surrounding their origin and biology, and, most importantly, the hurdles that remain to be overcome if they are really to become part of future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Larrea
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Carla Sole
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Lorea Manterola
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Ibai Goicoechea
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María Armesto
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María Arestin
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María M Caffarel
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Angela M Araujo
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María Araiz
- Hematology Department, Donostia Hospital, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | | | - Charles H Lawrie
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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