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Dahiya DS, Shah YR, Canakis A, Parikh C, Chandan S, Ali H, Gangwani MK, Pinnam BSM, Singh S, Sohail AH, Patel R, Ramai D, Al-Haddad M, Baron T, Rastogi A. Groove pancreatitis: From enigma to future directions-A comprehensive review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024. [PMID: 39004833 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Groove pancreatitis (GP) is a rare and clinically distinct form of chronic pancreatitis affecting the pancreaticoduodenal groove comprising the head of the pancreas, duodenum, and the common bile duct. It is more prevalent in individuals in their 4-5th decade of life and disproportionately affects men compared with women. Excessive alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, pancreatic ductal stones, pancreatic divisum, annular pancreas, ectopic pancreas, duodenal wall thickening, and peptic ulcers are significant risk factors implicated in the development of GP. The usual presenting symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and jaundice. Establishing a diagnosis of GP is often challenging due to significant clinical and radiological overlap with numerous benign and malignant conditions affecting the same anatomical location. This can lead to a delay in initiation of treatment leading to increasing morbidity, mortality, and complication rates. Promising research in artificial intelligence (AI) has garnered immense interest in recent years. Due to its widespread application in diagnostic imaging with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity, AI has the potential of becoming a vital tool in differentiating GP from pancreatic malignancies, thereby preventing a missed or delayed diagnosis. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of GP, covering the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, radiological and endoscopic evaluation, management strategies, and future directions. This article also aims to increase awareness about this lesser known and often-misdiagnosed clinical entity amongst clinicians to ultimately improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant S Dahiya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Motility, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Yash R Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State University, Pontiac, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew Canakis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Charmy Parikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carle BroMenn Medical Center, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Saurabh Chandan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Hassam Ali
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, East Carolina University/Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Manesh K Gangwani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas For Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Bhanu S M Pinnam
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sahib Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amir H Sohail
- Complex Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Raj Patel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daryl Ramai
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Mary's Medical Center, Langhorne, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohammad Al-Haddad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Todd Baron
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amit Rastogi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Motility, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Fan X, Shi C, Lu D. Groove pancreatitis presenting with upper gastrointestinal obstruction and abnormal renal function: A case report and literature review. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:296. [PMID: 38827474 PMCID: PMC11140290 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Groove pancreatitis (GP) is a rare type of chronic pancreatitis characterized by fibrotic lesions localized to the groove between the pancreatic head, duodenum, and common bile duct. We present a case of a 59-year-old male alcoholic with vomiting and renal dysfunction found to have duodenal obstruction and low-density pancreatic head lesions on computed tomography concerning for GP. The patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and pathology confirmed the diagnosis postoperatively. The patient recovered well without complications or relapse at follow-up. Although rare, GP should be included in the differential for pancreatic head masses in middle-aged alcoholics and surgical resection may be necessary for symptom relief and exclusion of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Chihong Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Dewen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
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Ebrahim MA, Zaher EA, Patel P, Alvi MS, Khanal S. Unraveling the Narrow Alley: A Case Report of Groove Pancreatitis. Cureus 2024; 16:e57683. [PMID: 38707162 PMCID: PMC11070197 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Groove pancreatitis, a rare subtype of chronic pancreatitis, predominantly affects middle-aged men with a history of alcohol abuse. We present a unique case of a 31-year-old female with minimal alcohol consumption. Imaging revealed characteristic findings consistent with groove pancreatitis. Despite its rarity in young females, clinical suspicion led to the appropriate diagnosis and conservative management, resulting in symptomatic resolution. This case underscores the importance of recognizing atypical presentations of groove pancreatitis, emphasizing the necessity of tailored diagnostic approaches, and highlighting the efficacy of conservative management in achieving favorable outcomes, particularly in non-typical demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eli A Zaher
- Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, USA
| | - Parth Patel
- Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Shreyashi Khanal
- Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, USA
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She YM, Ge N. Diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasound in groove pancreatitis. Ann Med 2023; 55:2295991. [PMID: 38134890 PMCID: PMC10763902 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2295991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Groove pancreatitis (GP) is a rare type of chronic pancreatitis characterized by varying degrees of thickening and scarring of the duodenal wall, duodenal lumen stenosis, mucosal hypertrophy with plicae and cyst formation. GP is primarily observed in middle-aged male patients with a history of alcohol consumption. Clinical symptoms are usually non-specific, and there is currently no unified diagnostic standard. However, imaging methods, particularly endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), are useful for diagnosis. EUS-guided biopsy can provide a strong basis for the final diagnosis. This review summarizes the value of EUS and its derivative technologies in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of GP.Methods: After searching in PubMed and Web of Science databases using 'groove pancreatitis (GP)' and 'endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)' as keywords, studies related were compiled and examined.Results: EUS and its derivative technologies are of great significance in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of GP, but there are still limitations that need to be comprehensively applied with other diagnostic methods to obtain the most accurate results.Conclusion: EUS has unique value in both the diagnosis and treatment of GP. Clinicians need to be well-versed in the advantages and limitations of EUS for GP diagnosis to select the most suitable imaging diagnostic method for different cases and to reduce the unnecessary waste of medical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mo She
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Neto do Nascimento C, Palmela C, Soares AS, Antunes ML, Fidalgo CA, Glória L. Groove Pancreatitis: Clinical Cases and Review of the Literature. GE PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023; 30:437-443. [PMID: 38476156 PMCID: PMC10928862 DOI: 10.1159/000526855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Groove pancreatitis (GP) is a type of chronic segmental pancreatitis that affects the pancreatoduodenal groove area, and it is often misdiagnosed. Outflow obstruction of the minor papilla associated with alcohol consumption seems to be the main pathophysiological mechanism, and it affects mainly middle-aged males. Symptoms include nausea and postprandial vomiting from gastric outlet obstruction, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Despite modern advances, such as radiological and endoscopic methods, distinction between GP and pancreatic cancer remains a challenge, and histological examination is sometimes necessary. When a diagnosis can be obtained without a surgical specimen, management can be conservative in the absence of acute or chronic complications. Case Presentation The authors present 2 clinical cases which portray the diagnostic workup and management decisions of this entity. Discussion/Conclusion GP is a clinical entity, offering diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Imaging exams are crucial in the diagnosis and follow-up, but surgery may be necessary in a significant number of cases due to the incapacity to rule out malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Palmela
- Gastroenterology Department, Beatriz Ângelo Hospital, Loures, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Luísa Glória
- Gastroenterology Department, Beatriz Ângelo Hospital, Loures, Portugal
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Ukegjini K, Steffen T, Tarantino I, Jonas JP, Rössler F, Petrowsky H, Gubler C, Müller PC, Oberkofler CE. Systematic review on groove pancreatitis: management of a rare disease. BJS Open 2023; 7:zrad094. [PMID: 37749756 PMCID: PMC10519812 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Groove pancreatitis is a focal form of chronic pancreatitis affecting the area of the paraduodenal groove. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of patients with groove pancreatitis. METHODS Medical literature databases (Embase, Medline via PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were systematically searched for data recorded between 1 January 1990 and 31 August 2022 regarding patient characteristics, diagnosis, surgical treatment and outcomes. The following inclusion criteria were applied: RCTs, observational studies (cohort and case-control studies) and case studies with >3 cases including patients with groove pancreatitis undergoing medical, endoscopic or surgical treatment with available clinical and diagnostic data. Fisher's exact test for binary data and Mann-Whitney U test or Student t-test for continuous data were adopted for statistical analysis. RESULTS Of 649 studies, 44 were included, involving reports on 1404 patients with a mean age of 49 years. In 41 of the 44 studies in which patient gender was described, 86 per cent (N = 1023) of patients were male. Information on the risk factors of alcohol and nicotine was available in 37 and 23 studies, respectively. Seventy-nine per cent (N = 886) of patients had a history of excessive alcohol consumption and 83 per cent (N = 595) were smokers. Information on clinical symptoms was available in 37 of the 44 included studies and 78.5 per cent (N = 870) presented with abdominal pain. Some 27 studies comprising 920 groove pancreatitis patients were treatment oriented. Seventy-four per cent (N = 682) of patients were treated conservatively, 26.4 per cent (N = 134) underwent endoscopic treatment and 54.7 per cent (N = 503) required surgery. There was complete relief of symptoms in 35.6 per cent (N = 243) after conservative treatment, 55.2 per cent (N = 74) after endoscopic treatment and 69.6 per cent (N = 350) after surgical treatment. The median follow-up time was 42 months (range, 1-161 months). CONCLUSION Groove pancreatitis shows on imaging a typical triad: cystic lesions in the pancreatic duct or duodenal wall, calcifications, and thickenings of the duodenal wall. Surgery appears to be the most effective treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan Ukegjini
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss HPB & Transplant Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Steffen
- Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ignazio Tarantino
- Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jan P Jonas
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss HPB & Transplant Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Rössler
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss HPB & Transplant Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Petrowsky
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss HPB & Transplant Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gubler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stadtspital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip C Müller
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss HPB & Transplant Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Clarunis—University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian E Oberkofler
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss HPB & Transplant Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Vivévis AG—Visceral, Tumor and Robotic Surgery, Clinic Hirslanden Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Okasha HH, Gouda M, Tag-Adeen M, Farouk M, Alzamzamy A, Abou Elenin S, Pawlak KM, Awad A, Mohamed B. Clinical, Radiological, and Endoscopic Ultrasound Findings in Groove Pancreatitis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023; 34:771-778. [PMID: 37403979 PMCID: PMC10441148 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2023.22875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Groove pancreatitis is a rare form of focal pancreatitis that affects the groove area. Since groove pancreatitis may be mistaken for malignancy, it should be considered in patients with pancreatic head mass lesions or duodenal stenosis to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures. The aim of the study was to document the clinical, radiologic, endoscopic characteristics, and treatment outcomes of patients with groove pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective multicenter observational study included all patients diagnosed with one or more imaging criteria suggestive of groove pancreatitis in the participating centers. Patients with proven malignant fine-needle aspiration/biopsy results were excluded. All patients were followed in their own centers and were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS Out of the initially included 30 patients with imaging criteria suggestive of groove pancreatitis, 9 patients (30%) were excluded because of malignant endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration or biopsy results. The mean age of the included 21 patients was 49 ± 10.6 years, with a male predominance of 71%. There was a history of smoking in 66.7% and alcohol consumption in 76.2% of patients. The main endoscopic finding was gastric outlet obstruction observed in 16 patients (76%). There was duodenal wall thickening in 9 (42.8%), 5 (23.8%), and 16 (76.2%) patients on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopic ultrasound, respectively. Moreover, pancreatic head enlargement/mass was observed in 10 (47.6%), 8 (38%), and 12 (57%) patients, and duodenal wall cysts in 5 (23.8%), 1 (4.8%), and 11 (52.4%) patients, respectively. Conservative and endoscopic treatment has achieved favorable outcomes in more than 90% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Groove pancreatitis should be considered in any case with duodenal stenosis, duodenal wall cysts, or thickening of the groove area. Various imaging modalities, including computerized tomography, endoscopic ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging, have a valuable role in characterizing groove pancreatitis. However, endoscopic fine-needle aspiration or biopsy should be considered in all cases to diagnose groove pancreatitis and exclude malignancy, which can have similar findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Hassan Okasha
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Kasr Al-Aini School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gouda
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Mouwasat Hospital Dammam, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Tag-Adeen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, South Valley University Qena Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Farouk
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alzamzamy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Maadi Armed Forces Medical Complex, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh Abou Elenin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Maadi Armed Forces Medical Complex, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Katarzyna M. Pawlak
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Endoscopy Unit of Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Abeer Awad
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Kasr Al-Aini School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Borahma Mohamed
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Endoscopy Unit of Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Szczecin, Poland
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de Ponthaud C, Daire E, Pioche M, Napoléon B, Fillon M, Sauvanet A, Gaujoux S. Cystic dystrophy in heterotopic pancreas. J Visc Surg 2023; 160:108-117. [PMID: 36966112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Cystic dystrophy in heterotopic pancreas, or paraduodenal pancreatitis, is a rare and complicated presentation involving heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the duodenal wall. This condition is present in 5% of the general population but disease mainly affects middle-aged alcoholic-smoking men with chronic pancreatitis (CP). It may be purely duodenal or segmental (pancreatico-duodenopathy). Its pathophysiology arises from alcohol toxicity with obstruction of small ducts of heterotopic pancreatic tissue present in the duodenal wall and the pancreatic-duodenal sulcus, leading to repeated episodes of pancreatitis. The symptomatology includes episodes of acute pancreatitis, weight loss, and vomiting due to duodenal obstruction. Imaging shows thickening of the wall of the second portion of the duodenum with multiple small cysts. A stepwise therapeutic approach is preferred. Conservative medical treatment is favored in first intention (analgesics, continuous enteral feeding, somatostatin analogues), which allows complete symptomatic regression in 57% of cases associated with a 5% rate of complications (arterial thrombosis and diabetes). Endoscopic treatment may also be associated with conservative measures. Surgery achieves a complete regression of symptoms in 79% of cases but with a 20% rate of complications. Surgery is indicated in case of therapeutic failure or in case of doubt about a malignant tumor. Pancreaticoduodenectomy and duodenal resection with pancreatic preservation (PPDR) seem to be the most effective treatments. PPDR has also been proposed as a first-line treatment for purely duodenal location of paraduodenal pancreatitis, thereby preventing progression to an extended segmental form.
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Affiliation(s)
- C de Ponthaud
- Department of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery and liver transplantation, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of general, visceral and endocrine surgery, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Sorbonne university, Paris, France
| | - E Daire
- Gastroenterology department, Édouard-Herriot hospital, Lyon, France
| | - M Pioche
- Gastroenterology department, Édouard-Herriot hospital, Lyon, France
| | - B Napoléon
- Gastroenterology department, Jean Mermoz hospital, Lyon, France
| | - M Fillon
- Radiology department, la Croix Rousse hospital, Lyon, France
| | - A Sauvanet
- Pancreatic and hepatobiliary surgery department, Beaujon hospital, AP-HP, Clichy, France; University of Paris, France
| | - S Gaujoux
- Department of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery and liver transplantation, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of general, visceral and endocrine surgery, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Sorbonne university, Paris, France.
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Joshi SS, Dhok A, Mitra K, Onkar P. Groove pancreatitis: A unique case of focal pancreatitis. J Clin Imaging Sci 2022; 12:54. [PMID: 36325495 PMCID: PMC9610212 DOI: 10.25259/jcis_69_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Groove pancreatitis (GP) is an unusual form of chronic segmental pancreatitis that affects the “pancreatic groove” between the pancreatic head, the duodenum, and the common bile duct, also known as the groove area. Becker initially reported GP in 1973, and the term was given by Malde DJ et al. to define this unique type of segmental pancreatitis. Most physicians are still unfamiliar with an entity. Radiological diagnosis can be arduous since it can be difficult to distinguish it from other conditions affecting the prior mentioned groove area, such as pancreatic head cancer. It is a rare pancreatic condition with a difficult imaging diagnosis that can lead to treatment dilemmas. The hour needs to identify the infinitesimal differences between these two pathological entities, as their management and treatment differ significantly. Here, we present a case of GP in a 21-year-old man and discuss how this entity appears on ultrasonography and computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Sanjeev Joshi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India,
| | - Avinash Dhok
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India,
| | - Kajal Mitra
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India,
| | - Prashant Onkar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India,
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Teo J, Suthananthan A, Pereira R, Bettington M, Slater K. Could it be groove pancreatitis? A frequently misdiagnosed condition with a surgical solution. ANZ J Surg 2022; 92:2167-2173. [PMID: 35916436 PMCID: PMC9543432 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Groove pancreatitis (GP) is an underrecognised subtype of chronic pancreatitis, focally affecting the area between the duodenum and pancreatic head. It most commonly affects males between 40 and 50 years of age with a history of alcohol misuse. Patients most commonly complain of abdominal pain and vomiting. Due to its focal nature, it is a potentially surgically treatable form of chronic pancreatitis. We report results of patients surgically treated for groove pancreatitis followed by a literature review of patient outcomes post resection. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients with histopathologically confirmed GP post‐surgical resection at the Princess Alexandra Hospital and Greenslopes Private Hospital in Brisbane, Australia was conducted between 2013 and 2020. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically when Brunner gland hyperplasia and chronic inflammation/fibrosis were found within the pancreaticoduodenal interface. Preoperative and postoperative symptoms were analysed along with complications. Additionally, a systematic review on outcomes of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for GP was performed from three databases. Results Eight patients underwent surgery for GP. Elimination of preoperative symptoms was achieved in five of the eight patients. Major complications included one take back to theatre for pancreatic leak. Our literature review found complete resolution of pain and vomiting in 80% of GP patients after PD. Conclusion Optimal management of GP begins with early recognition. Symptoms from GP are likely to respond well to surgical intervention. We advocate for aggressive surgical resection in a patient with a high index of suspicion for GP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Teo
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Unit, Level 4, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arul Suthananthan
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Unit, Level 4, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan Pereira
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Unit, Level 4, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Kellee Slater
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Unit, Level 4, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,General Surgery, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Aldyab M, El Jabbour T, Parilla M, Lee H. Benign vs malignant pancreatic lesions: Molecular insights to an ongoing debate. World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:406-418. [PMID: 34122731 PMCID: PMC8167846 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i5.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several benign conditions such as chronic pancreatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis, and paraduodenal pancreatitis can present as mass lesions and may mimic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) clinically and radiologically. Thorough histologic examination with attention to certain morphologic features can assist in deciphering neoplastic from reactive, however small biopsies often remain a challenge. Variable histologic patterns in conventional PDAC may also confound the diagnosis of PDAC. Uncommon subtypes of pancreatic carcinoma such as adenosquamous and squamous cell carcinoma, colloid carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, hepatoid carcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma necessitate excluding metastasis from other sites prior to rendering the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. The use of immunohistochemical staining and molecular markers can aid in separating benign from malignant and PDAC from metastasis. PDAC expresses a few non-specific epithelial and mucin immunomarkers such as CK7, CK19, MUC1, MUC4 and MUC5AC. However, the only immunohistochemical marker that is specific for PDAC in the right clinical context is SMAD4. Loss of SMAD4 within atypical glands and ducts supports the diagnosis of PDAC in a limited sample. Unfortunately, this finding is seen only in 50% of PDAC cases. The identification of certain mutations can help support a diagnosis of PDAC when benign conditions are in the differential. At the molecular level, KRAS oncogene mutations are seen in approximately 93% of PDACs. Subsequent neoplastic progression is driven by additional mutations of tumor suppressor genes, such as CDKN2A, TP53, and SMAD4. Molecular markers can also provide an insight to the prognosis. For instance, the loss of SMAD4 is associated with a poor outcome whereas mutations in MLL, MLL2, MLL3, and ARID1A are associated with improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Aldyab
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | - Tony El Jabbour
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Megan Parilla
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Hwajeong Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, United States
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Egorov V, Petrov R, Schegolev A, Dubova E, Vankovich A, Kondratyev E, Dobriakov A, Kalinin D, Schvetz N, Poputchikova E. Pancreas-preserving duodenal resections vs pancreatoduodenectomy for groove pancreatitis. Should we revisit treatment algorithm for groove pancreatitis? World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:30-49. [PMID: 33552393 PMCID: PMC7830077 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall (CDDW), or groove pancreatitis (GP), remains controversial. Although pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is considered the most suitable operation for CDDW, pancreas-preserving duodenal resection (PPDR) has also been suggested as an alternative for the pure form of GP (isolated CDDW). There are no studies comparing PD and PPDR for this disease.
AIM To compare the safety, efficacy, and short- and long-term results of PD and PPDR in patients with CDDW.
METHODS A retrospective analysis of the clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and intra- and postoperative data of 84 patients with CDDW (2004-2020) and a comparison of the safety and efficacy of PD and PPDR.
RESULTS Symptoms included abdominal pain (100%), weight loss (76%), vomiting (30%) and jaundice (18%) and data from computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoUS led to the correct preoperative diagnosis in 98.8% of cases. Twelve patients were treated conservatively with pancreaticoenterostomy (n = 8), duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (n = 6), PD (n = 44) and PPDR (n = 15) without mortality. Weight gain was significantly higher after PD and PPDR and complete pain control was achieved significantly more often after PPDR (93%) and PD (84%) compared to the other treatment modalities (18%). New onset diabetes mellitus and severe exocrine insufficiency occurred after PD (31% and 14%), but not after PPDR.
CONCLUSION PPDR has similar safety and better efficacy than PD in patients with CDDW and may be the optimal procedure for the isolated form of CDDW. The pure form of GP is a duodenal disease and PD may be an overtreatment for this disease. Early detection of CDDW provides an opportunity for pancreas-preserving surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Egorov
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ilyinskaya Hospital, Moscow 143421, Russia
| | - Roman Petrov
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ilyinskaya Hospital, Moscow 143421, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Schegolev
- V. I. Kulakov Research Center for Obstetrics, Ministry Hlth Russian Federat, VI Kulakov Res Ctr Obstet Gynecol & Perinatol, Moscow 119526, Russia
| | - Elena Dubova
- Department of Pathology, Buranazian Federal Medical and Biological Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russian Federation, Moscow 143421, Russia
| | - Andrey Vankovich
- Department of HPB Surgery, Moscow Clinical Research Center, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Eugeny Kondratyev
- Department of Radiology, Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Ilyinskaya Hospital, Moscow 143421, Russia
| | - Andrey Dobriakov
- Department of Pathology, Bakhrushin Brothers Moscow City Hospital, Moscow 107076, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kalinin
- Department of Pathology, Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Ilyinskaya Hospital, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Natalia Schvetz
- Department of Pathology, Bakhrushin Brothers Moscow City Hospital, Moscow 107076, Russia
| | - Elena Poputchikova
- Department of Pathology, Bakhrushin Brothers Moscow City Hospital, Moscow 107076, Russia
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Boninsegna E, Negrelli R, Zamboni GA, Tedesco G, Manfredi R, Pozzi Mucelli R. Paraduodenal pancreatitis as a mimicker of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: MRI evaluation. Eur J Radiol 2017; 95:236-241. [PMID: 28987673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the MRI features of paraduodenal pancreatitis (PDP) and to define useful signs to differentiate PDP from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). MATERIAL AND METHODS We reviewed the MRI scans of 56 patients, 28 affected by PDP and 28 by PDAC, all pathologically proven. The following parameters were evaluated: signal intensity of the lesion on T1-, T2-WI, DWI (b800) and after contrast medium administration; presence of cysts; dilation of common hepatic duct and main pancreatic duct; focal thickening of the second portion of the duodenum; maximum diameter and volume of the lesion. RESULTS Both PDPs and PDACs were more frequently hypointense on T1-WI, iso-hyperintense on T2-WI, hypointense in the pancreatic phase and iso-hypointense in the venous phase (p>0.05); in the delayed phase most PDP were hyperintense (p=0.0031); on DWI 71.4% PDPs were isointense and all PDACs were hyperintense (p=0.0041). Cystic components were present in 85.7% PDPs (p=0.0011); double duct sign was present in 50% PDACs (p=0.0048); focal thickening of the duodenum was depicted in 89.3 PDPs (p=0.0012). PDPs were larger than PDACs (p=0.0003). CONCLUSION The most suggestive signs of PDP are: signal hyperintensity in the delayed phase, isointensity on DWI, presence of cysts, focal thickening of the duodenum and large size of the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Boninsegna
- Department of Radiology, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, University of Verona, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Negrelli
- Department of Radiology, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia A Zamboni
- Department of Radiology, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Tedesco
- Department of Radiology, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Manfredi
- Department of Radiology, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Ray S, Ghatak S, Misra D, Dasgupta J, Biswas J, Khamrui S, Bandyopadhyay D, Ghosh R. Groove Pancreatitis: Report of Three Cases with Brief Review of Literature. Indian J Surg 2017; 79:344-348. [PMID: 28827910 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-017-1643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Groove pancreatitis (GP) is a rare type of segmental pancreatitis, and it remains largely an unfamiliar entity to most physicians. It is often misdiagnosed as pancreatic cancer and autoimmune pancreatitis. With better understanding of radiological findings, preoperative differentiation is often possible. If there is preoperative diagnosis of GP, one can employ non-surgical treatment. But most of the patients ultimately require surgery. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is the surgical treatment of choice. We report three cases of GP that were treated by Whipple's operation at our unit. All the three patients had a history of long-standing alcohol intake. In the first and third patients, we had a preoperative diagnosis of GP. But, in the second patient, our pre-operative and intra-operative diagnosis was a pancreatic head malignancy. Diagnosis of GP was made only after histopathological examination. All the three patients had uneventful postoperative recovery and were well at 55-, 45- and 24-month follow-up respectively. In addition to detail descriptions of our three cases, a detailed review of the current literature surrounding this clinical entity is also provided in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Ray
- Division of Surgical Gastroenterology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244 A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700020 India
| | - Supriyo Ghatak
- Division of Surgical Gastroenterology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244 A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700020 India
| | - Debashis Misra
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244 A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700020 India
| | - Jayanta Dasgupta
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244 A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700020 India
| | - Jayanta Biswas
- Division of Surgical Gastroenterology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244 A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700020 India
| | - Sujan Khamrui
- Division of Surgical Gastroenterology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244 A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700020 India
| | - Debottam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244 A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700020 India
| | - Ranajoy Ghosh
- Division of Pathology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244 A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700020 India
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Groove pancreatitis: Imaging features and management. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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The importance of diagnostic awareness of groove pancreatitis. Eur Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-016-0424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sánchez-Bueno F, Torres Salmerón G, de la Peña Moral J, Ortiz Ruiz E, Fuster Quiñonero M, Gutiérrez Zárate WV, Claver Valderas MA, Parrilla Paricio P. Groove pancreatitis vs. pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A review of 8 cases. Cir Esp 2016; 94:346-52. [PMID: 27048910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Groove pancreatitis (PS) is an uncommon clinical situation and radiologically it can mimic carcinoma of the periampullary area. The aim of this paper is to study a series of 8 patients who underwent surgery with preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic head mass and subsequent pathological diagnosis of PS. METHODS In our series, 6 were men and 2 women, with an average age of 51,9 years. Before surgery, all patients had epigastric abdominal pain requiring analgesia at high doses. The preoperative analytical CEA and Ca 19.9 were normal in all patients. Imaging studies showed intrapancreatic solid lesions in 6 of the 8 patients, and in the remaining 2 one papillary mass of 5 and 6cm, respectively, that caused stenosis in the duodenal luz. EUS neoplastic cells were negative in all patients. RESULTS The immediate postoperative evolution was satisfactory, there are no complications. In our series, no patients have died. The long-term follow-up, in 7 of the 8 patients, has been excellent with disappearance of abdominal pain and improvement of nutritional status. The remaining patient had frequent recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis, and at 60 months, presented a pseudocyst that has required a Roux-en-Y cystojejunostomy. CONCLUSIONS PS must be included in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic lesions, which may include carcinoma of the periampullary area and other causes of chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gloria Torres Salmerón
- Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - Jesús de la Peña Moral
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - Eduardo Ortiz Ruiz
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - Matilde Fuster Quiñonero
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
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Gerritsen A, Bollen TL, Nio CY, Molenaar IQ, Dijkgraaf MG, van Santvoort HC, Offerhaus GJ, Brosens LA, Biermann K, Sieders E, de Jong KP, van Dam RM, van der Harst E, van Goor H, van Ramshorst B, Bonsing BA, de Hingh IH, Gerhards MF, van Eijck CH, Gouma DJ, Borel Rinkes IH, Busch OR, Besselink MG. Diagnostic value of a pancreatic mass on computed tomography in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for presumed pancreatic cancer. Surgery 2015; 158:173-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hungerford JP, Neill Magarik MA, Hardie AD. The breadth of imaging findings of groove pancreatitis. Clin Imaging 2015; 39:363-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Zaheer A, Haider M, Kawamoto S, Hruban RH, Fishman EK. Dual-phase CT findings of groove pancreatitis. Eur J Radiol 2014; 83:1337-43. [PMID: 24935140 PMCID: PMC4316673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Groove pancreatitis is a rare focal form of chronic pancreatitis that occurs in the pancreaticoduodenal groove between the major and minor papillae, duodenum and pancreatic head. Radiologic appearance and clinical presentation can result in suspicion of malignancy rendering pancreaticoduodenectomy inevitable. This study reports dual phase CT findings in a series of 12 patients with pathology proven groove pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of preoperative CT findings in 12 patients with histologically proven groove pancreatitis after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Size, location, attenuation, presence of mass or cystic components in the pancreas, groove and duodenum, calcifications, duodenal stenosis and ductal changes were recorded. Clinical data, laboratory values, endoscopic ultrasonographic and histopathological findings were collected. RESULTS Soft tissue thickening in the groove was seen in all patients. Pancreatic head, groove and duodenum were all involved in 75% patients. A discrete lesion in the pancreatic head was seen in half of the patients, most of which appeared hypodense on both arterial and venous phases. Cystic changes in pancreatic head were seen in 75% patients. Duodenal involvement was seen in 92% patients including wall thickening and cyst formation. The main pancreatic duct was dilated in 7 patients, with an abrupt cut off in 3 and a smooth tapering stricture in 4. Five patients had evidence of chronic pancreatitis with parenchymal calcifications. CONCLUSION Presence of mass or soft tissue thickening in the groove with cystic duodenal thickening is highly suggestive of groove pancreatitis. Recognizing common radiological features may help in diagnosis and reduce suspicion of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Zaheer
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States; Pancreatitis Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States.
| | - Maera Haider
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States.
| | - Satomi Kawamoto
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States.
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States.
| | - Elliot K Fishman
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States.
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22
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Gerritsen A, Molenaar IQ, Bollen TL, Nio CY, Dijkgraaf MG, van Santvoort HC, Offerhaus GJ, Brosens LA, Biermann K, Sieders E, de Jong KP, van Dam RM, van der Harst E, van Goor H, van Ramshorst B, Bonsing BA, de Hingh IH, Gerhards MF, van Eijck CH, Gouma DJ, Borel Rinkes IHM, Busch ORC, Besselink MG. Preoperative characteristics of patients with presumed pancreatic cancer but ultimately benign disease: a multicenter series of 344 pancreatoduodenectomies. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:3999-4006. [PMID: 24871781 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative differentiation between malignant and benign pancreatic tumors can be difficult. Consequently, a proportion of patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for suspected malignancy will ultimately have benign disease. The aim of this study was to compare preoperative clinical and diagnostic characteristics of patients with unexpected benign disease after pancreatoduodenectomy with those of patients with confirmed (pre)malignant disease. METHODS We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study in 1,629 consecutive patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for suspected malignancy between 2003 and 2010 in 11 Dutch centers. Preoperative characteristics were compared in a benign:malignant ratio of 1:3. Malignant cases were selected from the entire cohort by using a random number list. A multivariable logistic regression prediction model was constructed to predict benign disease. RESULTS Of 107 patients (6.6 %) with unexpected benign disease after pancreatoduodenectomy, 86 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were compared with 258 patients with (pre)malignant disease. Patients with benign disease presented more often with pain (56 vs. 38 %; P = 0.004), but less frequently with jaundice (60 vs. 80 %; P < 0.01), a pancreatic mass (13 vs. 54 %, P < 0.001), or a double duct sign on computed tomography (21 vs. 47 %; P < 0.001). In a prediction model using these parameters, only 19 % of patients with benign disease were correctly predicted, and 1.4 % of patients with malignant disease were missed. CONCLUSIONS Nearly 7 % of patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for suspected malignancy were ultimately diagnosed with benign disease. Although some preoperative clinical and imaging characteristics might indicate absence of malignancy, their discriminatory value is insufficient for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja Gerritsen
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Arora A, Dev A, Mukund A, Patidar Y, Bhatia V, Sarin SK. Paraduodenal pancreatitis. Clin Radiol 2013; 69:299-306. [PMID: 24094726 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Paraduodenal pancreatitis is a distinct clinicopathological entity involving the duodenum and the pancreatic tissue in the vicinity of the minor papilla. Most afflicted patients are young alcoholic males who present clinically with upper abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea, and vomiting. Pancreatic tissue elements in the duodenal wall and impedance to exocrine pancreatic secretions at the minor papilla are key factors in the pathogenesis of this condition. On imaging, the condition may manifest as a solid fibrotic mass around the minor papilla or as cysts in the duodenum and the pancreaticoduodenal groove. Duodenal stenosis, biliary strictures, chronic calcifying pancreatitis, and pancreatic ductal dilatation are also often observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arora
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India.
| | - A Dev
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - A Mukund
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Y Patidar
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - V Bhatia
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - S K Sarin
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
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Groove pancreatitis: spectrum of imaging findings and radiology-pathology correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013; 201:W29-39. [PMID: 23789694 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.12.9956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Groove pancreatitis is a rare form of chronic pancreatitis affecting the "groove" between the pancreatic head, duodenum, and common bile duct. The exact cause is unknown, although there are strong associations with long-term alcohol abuse, functional obstruction of the duct of Santorini, and Brunner gland hyperplasia. CONCLUSION Unfortunately, differentiating groove pancreatitis from malignancy on the basis of imaging features, clinical presentation, or laboratory markers can be extraordinarily difficult, and the vast majority of these patients ultimately undergo a pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) because of an inability to completely exclude malignancy. In certain cases, however, the imaging features on CT and MRI can allow the radiologist to prospectively suggest the correct diagnosis.
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Rosendahl J, Hoffmeister A, Schierle K, Maiwald B, Kahn T, Mössner J, Wittenburg H. When in doubt, take it out? Cholestasis and obstructive gastric outlet syndrome in a patient with suspected chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2013; 13:458-60. [PMID: 23890148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In some patients with tumors located in the pancreas or in the periampullary region, the decision to perform a surgical resection can be difficult. In patients with concomitant chronic pancreatitis this decision can be even more challenging, since a definitive preoperative differentiation between non-malignant and malignant tumors in many cases is not possible. Clinical symptoms or complications from the tumor often direct a rational treatment strategy. For therapeutic decisions, an interdisciplinary discussion of all diagnostic findings by experienced clinicians is needed. However, in rare cases, like the one presented here, an uncommon non-malignant entity like a periampullary hamartoma may be only diagnosed after surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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