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Guo H, Wang Q, Li T, Sun W, Chen J, Wang C, Wang C. IL-2, IL-17A and TNF-α hold potential as biomarkers for predicting acute mountain sickness prior to ascent. Cytokine 2024; 181:156694. [PMID: 39024679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is the most prevalent condition resulting from hypobaric hypoxia (HH) at high altitudes. Although evidence suggests the involvement of inflammatory cytokines in AMS development, there is currently a lack of reports on variations in cytokine levels between individuals susceptible to AMS and those resistant to AMS prior to ascending to high altitude. Thus our current study aims to assess the predictive capability for AMS occurrence by evaluating differences in cytokine levels at low altitudes. METHODS The present study recruited 48 participants, who ascended from low altitude to middle high-altitude (3700 m) and further to extreme high-altitude (5000 m). Based on Lake Louise Score (LLS) at the two high altitudes, participants were categorized into severe AMS-susceptible (sAMS), moderate AMS-susceptible (mAMS), and non-AMS groups. The Bio-Plex MAGPIX System was employed to measure plasma levels of 11 inflammatory cytokines. Cytokines at low altitude and middle high-altitude were analyzed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to obtain area under the ROC curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS Based on LLS at 3700 m, we initially categorized the study subjects into the sAMS group (n = 8) and the Non-AMS group (n = 40). Among individuals in the non-AMS group (n = 40) at the altitude of 3700 m, those who developed AMS at the altitude of 5000 m were assigned to the mAMS group (n = 17), whereas those who did not experience AMS were included into the non-AMS group (n = 23). The concentration of TNF-α at low altitude exhibited robust predictive performance for predicting AMS occurrence at the altitude of 3700 m. Among the non-AMS group at the altitude of 3700 m, we identified that the concentration of IL-2 and IL-17A demonstrated high efficacy in predicting the onset of AMS following ascent to 5000 m. In addition, differentially expressed cytokines including IL-17A, TNF-α and IL-2 at low altitude possessed discriminatory potential among the three groups at 5000 m.. CONCLUSION We posited that the levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-17A in serum of low altitude could be considered as potential biomarkers to predict the occurrence of AMS at high altitude. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Through the two comparisons at different two altitudes (baseline level and 3700 m), we provided a model to progressively screen individuals who are susceptible and resistant to different high altitudes (3700 m and 5000 m). TNF-α could firstly screen out the AMS susceptible individuals at the altitude of 3700 m. And through its combination with IL-2 and IL-17A, we could further screen out AMS susceptible individuals at the altitude of 5000 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Orthopeadics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Surgery, Eastern Medical Branch of PLA General Hospital, 101199 Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Chinese People's Liberation Army No. 69316 Troops, Xinjiang 844800, China
| | - Weiqiang Sun
- Chinese People's Liberation Army No. 69316 Troops, Xinjiang 844800, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Chengbin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
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Xu Y, Sa Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Shao Q, Liu J, Wang S, Zhou J. A preventative role of nitrate for hypoxia-induced intestinal injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:457-469. [PMID: 38281627 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying effective interventions for hypoxia-induced injury is crucial, particularly in high-altitude areas. Symptoms stemming from intestinal injuries have a significant impact on the health of individuals transitioning from plains to plateau regions. This research explores the effects and mechanisms of nitrate supplementation in preventing hypoxia-induced intestinal injury. METHODS A hypoxia survival mouse model was established using 7% O2 conditions. The intervention with 4 mM sodium nitrate (NaNO3) in drinking water commenced 7 days prior to hypoxia exposure. Weight monitoring, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and intestinal permeability assays were employed for physiological, histological, and functional analyses. Quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence were utilized to analyze the levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif 1α). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) identified nitrate's target, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) verified the transcriptional impact of Hif 1α on TJ proteins. Villin-cre mice infected with AAV9-FLEX-EGFP-Hif 1α were used for mechanism validation. RESULTS The results demonstrated that nitrate supplementation significantly alleviated small intestinal epithelial cell necrosis, intestinal permeability, disruption of TJs, and weight loss under hypoxia. Moreover, the nitrate-triggered enhancement of TJs is mediated by Hif 1α nuclear translocation and its subsequent transcriptional function. The effect of nitrate supplementation on TJs was largely attributed to the stimulation of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR/Hif 1α signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Nitrate serves as a novel approach in preventing hypoxia-induced intestinal injury, acting through Hif 1α activation to promote the transcription of TJ proteins. Furthermore, our study provides new and compelling evidence for the protective effects of nitrate in hypoxic conditions, especially at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
| | - Yunqiong Sa
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
| | - Qianqian Shao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Immunology Research Centre for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Research Units of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Immunology Research Centre for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Department of VIP Dental Service, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Markovich Z, Abreu A, Sheng Y, Han SM, Xiao R. Deciphering internal and external factors influencing intestinal junctional complexes. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2389320. [PMID: 39150987 PMCID: PMC11332634 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2389320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier, an indispensable guardian of gastrointestinal health, mediates the intricate exchange between internal and external environments. Anchored by evolutionarily conserved junctional complexes, this barrier meticulously regulates paracellular permeability in essentially all living organisms. Disruptions in intestinal junctional complexes, prevalent in inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome, compromise barrier integrity and often lead to the notorious "leaky gut" syndrome. Critical to the maintenance of the intestinal barrier is a finely orchestrated network of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that modulate the expression, composition, and functionality of junctional complexes. This review navigates through the composition of key junctional complex components and the common methods used to assess intestinal permeability. It also explores the critical intracellular signaling pathways that modulate these junctional components. Lastly, we delve into the complex dynamics between the junctional complexes, microbial communities, and environmental chemicals in shaping the intestinal barrier function. Comprehending this intricate interplay holds paramount importance in unraveling the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disorders. Furthermore, it lays the foundation for the development of precise therapeutic interventions targeting barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Markovich
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adriana Abreu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yi Sheng
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sung Min Han
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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4
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Cheng J, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Guo Q, Wang Z, Wang R. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Intestinal Barrier Damage and Drug Therapy in a High Altitude Environment. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:807-816. [PMID: 36892115 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230309090241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The plateau is a typical extreme environment with low temperature, low oxygen and high ultraviolet rays. The integrity of the intestinal barrier is the basis for the functioning of the intestine, which plays an important role in absorbing nutrients, maintaining the balance of intestinal flora, and blocking the invasion of toxins. Currently, there is increasing evidence that high altitude environment can enhance intestinal permeability and disrupt intestinal barrier integrity. This article mainly focuses on the regulation of the expression of HIF and tight junction proteins in the high altitude environment, which promotes the release of pro-inflammatory factors, especially the imbalance of intestinal flora caused by the high altitude environment. The mechanism of intestinal barrier damage and the drugs to protect the intestinal barrier are reviewed. Studying the mechanism of intestinal barrier damage in high altitude environment is not only conducive to understanding the mechanism of high altitude environment affecting intestinal barrier function, but also provides a more scientific medicine treatment method for intestinal damage caused by the special high altitude environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Cheng
- PLA Key Laboratory of Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuemei Sun
- PLA Key Laboratory of Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yilan Zhao
- PLA Key Laboratory of Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qianwen Guo
- PLA Key Laboratory of Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - ZiHan Wang
- PLA Key Laboratory of Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Rong Wang
- PLA Key Laboratory of Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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5
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Szabó C, Kachungwa Lugata J, Ortega ADSV. Gut Health and Influencing Factors in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081350. [PMID: 37106913 PMCID: PMC10135089 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a complex, dynamic, and critical part of the body, which plays an important role in the digestion and absorption of ingested nutrients and excreting waste products of digestion. In addition, GIT also plays a vital role in preventing the entry of harmful substances and potential pathogens into the bloodstream. The gastrointestinal tract hosts a significant number of microbes, which throughout their metabolites, directly interact with the hosts. In modern intensive animal farming, many factors can disrupt GIT functions. As dietary nutrients and biologically active substances play important roles in maintaining homeostasis and eubiosis in the GIT, this review aims to summarize the current status of our knowledge on the most important areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - James Kachungwa Lugata
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arth David Sol Valmoria Ortega
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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6
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Abeyta MA, Al-Qaisi M, Horst EA, Mayorga EJ, Rodriguez-Jimenez S, Goetz BM, Carta S, Tucker H, Baumgard LH. Effects of dietary antioxidant supplementation on metabolism and inflammatory biomarkers in heat-stressed dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1441-1452. [PMID: 36543647 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat-stress-induced inflammation may be ameliorated by antioxidant supplementation due to the purported effects of increased production of reactive oxygen species or oxidative stress on the gastrointestinal tract barrier. Thus, study objectives were to evaluate whether antioxidant supplementation [AGRADO Plus 2.0 (AP); EW Nutrition] affects metabolism and inflammatory biomarkers in heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. Thirty-two mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary-environmental treatments: (1) thermoneutral (TN) conditions and fed a control diet (TN-CON; n = 8), (2) TN and fed a diet with AP (10 g antioxidant; n = 8), (3) heat stress (HS) and fed a control diet (HS-CON; n = 8), or (4) HS and fed a diet with AP (HS-AP; n = 8). The trial consisted of a 23-d prefeeding phase and 2 experimental periods (P). Respective dietary treatments were top-dressed starting on d 1 of the prefeeding period and continued daily throughout the duration of the experiment. During P1 (4 d), baseline data were collected. During P2 (7 d), HS was artificially induced using an electric heat blanket (Thermotex Therapy Systems Ltd.). During P2, the effects of treatment, day, and treatment-by-day interaction were assessed using PROC MIXED of SAS (SAS Institute Inc.). Heat stress (treatments 3 and 4) increased rectal, vaginal, and skin temperatures (1.2°C, 1.1°C, and 2.0°C, respectively) and respiration rate (33 breaths per minute) relative to TN cows. As expected, HS decreased dry matter intake, milk yield, and energy-corrected milk yield (32%, 28%, and 28% from d 4 to 7, respectively) relative to TN. There were no effects of AP on body temperature indices or production. Milk fat, protein, and lactose concentrations remained unaltered by HS or AP; however, milk urea nitrogen was increased during HS regardless of AP supplementation (26% relative to TN). Circulating glucose remained unchanged by HS, AP, or time. Additionally, HS decreased circulating glucagon (29% from d 3 to 7 relative to TN), but there was no additional effect of AP. There was a tendency for nonesterified fatty acid concentrations to be increased in HS-AP cows throughout P2 (60% relative to TN-CON), whereas it remained similar in all other treatments. Blood urea nitrogen increased for both HS treatments from d 1 to 3 before steadily decreasing from d 5 to 7, with the overall increase being most pronounced in HS-CON cows (27% relative to TN-CON). Further, supplementing AP decreased blood urea nitrogen in HS-AP on d 3 relative to HS-CON (15%). Circulating serum amyloid A tended to be and lipopolysaccharide binding protein was increased by HS, but neither acute-phase protein was affected by AP. Overall, AP supplementation appeared to marginally alter metabolism but did not meaningfully alter inflammation during HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | - B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - S Carta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - H Tucker
- Novus International, St. Charles, MO 63304
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
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Han Y, Jia R, Zhang J, Zhu Q, Wang X, Ji Q, Zhang W. Hypoxia Attenuates Colonic Innate Immune Response and Inhibits TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Colonic Epithelial Injury Mice. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:43-52. [PMID: 36603105 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High altitude hypoxia can lead to a spectrum of gastrointestinal problems. As the first line of host immune defense, innate immune response in the intestinal mucosa plays a pivotal role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and protecting against intestinal injury at high altitude. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the colonic mucosal barrier and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated innate immune responses in the colon. The mice were exposed to a hypobaric chamber to simulate a 5,000 m plateau environment for 7 days, and the colonic mucosa changes were recorded. At the same time, the inflammation model was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to explore the effects of hypoxia on the TLR4/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and its downstream inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and interferon (IFN)-γ] in the colon. We found that hypoxic exposure caused weight loss and structural disturbance of the colonic mucosa in mice. Compared with the control group, the protein levels of TLR4 [fold change (FC) = 0.75 versus FC = 0.23], MyD88 (FC = 0.80 versus FC = 0.30), TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein inducing interferon-β (TRIF: FC = 0.89 versus FC = 0.38), and NF-κB p65 (FC = 0.75 versus FC = 0.24) in the colon of mice in the hypobaric hypoxia group were significantly decreased. LPS-induced upregulation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling and its downstream inflammatory factors was inhibited by hypoxia. Specifically, compared with the LPS group, the protein levels of TLR4 (FC = 1.18, FC = 0.86), MyD88 (FC = 1.20, FC = 0.80), TRIF (FC = 1.20, FC = 0.86), and NF-κB p65 (FC = 1.29, FC = 0.62) and the mRNA levels of IL-1β (FC = 7.38, FC = 5.06), IL-6 (FC = 16.06, FC = 9.22), and IFN-γ (FC = 2.01, FC = 1.16) were reduced in the hypobaric hypoxia plus LPS group. Our findings imply that hypoxia could lead to marked damage of the colonic mucosa and a reduction of TLR4-mediated colonic innate immune responses, potentially reducing host defense responses to colonic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ruhan Jia
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qinfang Zhu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xiaozhou Wang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qiaorong Ji
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
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8
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Dou X, Zhang B, Qiao L, Song X, Pi S, Chang J, Zhang X, Zeng X, Zhu L, Xu C. Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesized by Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 Alleviate Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in C57BL/6 Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03513-y. [PMID: 36469280 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude will cause different tissue and organ damage over a long period of time. Studies have shown that hypobaric hypoxia can cause severe primary intestinal barrier dysfunction, and then cause multiple organ dysfunction. Our previous research showed that selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) synthesized by Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 (L. casei ATCC 393) can effectively alleviate intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by oxidative stress and inflammation in mice. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of biological SeNPs synthesized by L. casei ATCC 393 on intestinal barrier function in acute hypobaric hypoxic stress mice. The results showed that compared with the hypobaric hypoxic, the SeNPs synthesized by L. casei ATCC 393 by oral administration could effectively alleviate the shortening of intestinal villi, which decreased the level of diamine oxidase (DAO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the expression level of tight junction protein in ileum was increased. In addition, SeNPs significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), cyclooxygenase (COX-1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and inhibit the increase of hypoxia related factor. SeNPs effectively regulate the intestinal microecology disorder caused by hypobaric hypoxia stress, and maintain the intestinal microecology balance. In addition, oral administration of SeNPs had better protective effect on intestinal barrier function of mice under hypobaric hypoxia stress. These results suggested that SeNPs synthesized by L. casei ATCC 393 can effectively alleviate the damage of intestinal barrier function under acute hypobaric hypoxic stress, which may be closely related to the antioxidant activity of SeNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xina Dou
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xiaofan Song
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Shanyao Pi
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Jiajing Chang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xiaonan Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Lixu Zhu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Chunlan Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
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Chen S, Ren Z, Huo Y, Yang W, Peng L, Lv H, Nie L, Wei H, Wan C. Targeting the gut microbiota to investigate the mechanism of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1201 in negating colitis aggravated by a high-salt diet. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Lv J, Qi P, Bai LH, Yan XD, Zhang L. Review of the relationship and underlying mechanisms between the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and host intestinal flora. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1055632. [PMID: 36523840 PMCID: PMC9745141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1055632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbial community is the largest ecosystem in the human body, in which the intestinal flora plays a dominant role and has a wide range of biological functions. However, it is vulnerable to a variety of factors, and exposure to extreme environments at high altitudes, as seen on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, may cause changes in the structure and function of the host intestinal flora. Conversely, the intestinal flora can help the host adapt to the plateau environment through a variety of ways. Herein, we review the relationship and underlying mechanism between the host intestinal flora and the plateau environment by discussing the characteristics of the plateau environment, its influence on the intestinal flora, and the important role of the intestinal flora in host adaptation to the plateau environment. This review aimed to provide a reference for maintaining the health of the plateau population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lv
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Qi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liu-Hui Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Yan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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11
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Luo C, Sun G, Duan J, Han H, Zhong R, Chen L, Wangdui B, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Zhang H. Effects of high-altitude hypoxic environment on colonic inflammation, intestinal barrier and gut microbiota in three-way crossbred commercial pigs. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:968521. [PMID: 36160198 PMCID: PMC9493363 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.968521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the three-way crossbred commercial pigs are extensively cultured in Tibet. However, there have been few studies about the effect of high-altitude hypoxic environment on intestinal health of them. Therefore, we selected Tibetan pigs (TP) and the three-way crossbred commercial pigs (CP-H) living in the Tibet (3,500–3,700 m in altitude) as a positive control group and treatment group, respectively. The three-way crossbred commercial pigs (CP-L) living at altitudes 800–1,000 m sea level were selected as a negative control group. The colonic chyme, colonic mucosa, colonic tissue and serum samples were collected for the detection of gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation. The results showed that high-altitude hypoxic environment promoted the occurrence of colonic inflammation, disrupted the colonic barrier to some extent. And Hematoxylin–Eosin (HE) staining revealed that mild inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in colon of CP-H. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the microbial community composition of CP-H was changed compared with CP-L. Gut bacterial communities formed distinctly different clusters in principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) space, and Chao 1 index of CP-H was also decreased. At the genus level, Terrisporobacter showed greater enrichment in the CP-H than lower-altitude pigs. Colstridium-sensu-stricto-1 showed lower enrichment in the CP-H than lower-altitude pigs. However, the concentration of valeric acid in colonic chyme of CP-H was higher than CP-L and TP. Correlation analysis indicated that Terrisporobacter was positively associated with the relative mRNA expression level of IL-1β and the content of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and was negatively correlated with the relative mRNA expression level of IL-10. The Streptococcus was positively associated with the concentrations of valerate. In summary, high-altitude hypoxic environment changed compositions of gut microbiota, promoted the occurrence of colonic inflammation, and disrupted intestinal barrier of the three-way crossbred commercial pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzeng Luo
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangming Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Jiujun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyu Han
- Tibet Changdu Animal Husbandry General Station, Changdu, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Basang Wangdui
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
- *Correspondence: Yanbin Zhu,
| | - Zirong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Zirong Wang,
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Otomaru K, Miyahara T, Saita H, Yamauchi S, Nochi T. Effects of vitamin E supplementation on serum oxidative stress biomarkers, antibody titer after live bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccination, as well as serum and fecal immunoglobulin A in weaned Japanese Black calves. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1128-1133. [PMID: 35793952 PMCID: PMC9412055 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of vitamin E supplementation on
blood oxidative stress biomarker in weaned calves. Thirty clinically healthy 12 weeks of
age Japanese Black calves were randomly assigned to two groups: 15 calves received 300 IU
of vitamin E daily from 12 to 18 weeks of age (VE group), and the other 15 calves did not
receive the vitamin E (control group). Blood samples were taken at 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20
weeks of age. The concentration of serum reactive oxygen metabolites at 20 weeks of age
were significantly lower in the VE group than those in the control group. Vitamin E
supplementation to weaned calves might affect blood oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiroto Saita
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University
| | | | - Tomonori Nochi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
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13
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Balmus IM, Copolovici D, Copolovici L, Ciobica A, Gorgan DL. Biomolecules from Plant Wastes Potentially Relevant in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Co-Occurring Symptomatology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082403. [PMID: 35458601 PMCID: PMC9024464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During and following the processing of a plant’s raw material, considerable amounts are wasted, composted, or redistributed in non-alimentary sectors for further use (for example, some forms of plant waste contribute to biofuel, bioethanol, or biomass production). However, many of these forms of waste still consist of critical bioactive compounds used in the food industry or medicine. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders. The primary treatment is based on symptomatology alleviation and controlled dietary management. Thus, this review aimed to describe the possible relevance of molecules residing in plant waste that can be used to manage IBS and co-occurring symptoms. Significant evidence was found that many forms of fruit, vegetable, and medicinal plant waste could be the source of some molecules that could be used to treat or prevent stool consistency and frequency impairments and abdominal pain, these being the main IBS symptoms. While many of these molecules could be recovered from plant waste during or following primary processing, the studies suggested that enriched food could offer efficient valorization and prevent further changes in properties or stability. In this way, root, stem, straw, leaf, fruit, and vegetable pomaces were found to consist of biomolecules that could modulate intestinal permeability, pain perception, and overall gastrointestinal digestive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, no. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dana Copolovici
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, Elena Dragoi St., no. 2, 310330 Arad, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Lucian Copolovici
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, Elena Dragoi St., no. 2, 310330 Arad, Romania;
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, no. 22a, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Dragos Lucian Gorgan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, no. 22a, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
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McKenna ZJ, Gorini Pereira F, Gillum TL, Amorim FT, Deyhle MR, Mermier CM. High altitude exposures and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R192-R203. [PMID: 35043679 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00270.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal complaints are often reported during ascents to high altitude (> 2500 m), though their etiology is not known. One potential explanation is injury to the intestinal barrier which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several diseases. High altitude exposures can reduce splanchnic perfusion and blood oxygen levels causing hypoxic and oxidative stress. These stressors might injure the intestinal barrier leading to consequences such as bacterial translocation and local/systemic inflammatory responses. The purpose of this mini review is to 1) discuss the impact of high-altitude exposures on intestinal barrier dysfunction, and 2) present medications and dietary supplements which may have relevant impacts on the intestinal barrier during high-altitude exposures. There is a small but growing body of evidence which shows that acute exposures to high altitudes can damage the intestinal barrier. Initial data also suggests that prolonged hypoxic exposures can compromise the intestinal barrier through alterations in immunological function, microbiota, or mucosal layers. Exertion may worsen high-altitude related intestinal injury via additional reductions in splanchnic circulation and greater hypoxemia. Collectively these responses can result in increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation causing local and systemic inflammation. More research is needed to determine the impact of various medications and dietary supplements on the intestinal barrier during high-altitude exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J McKenna
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Felipe Gorini Pereira
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Trevor L Gillum
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Michael R Deyhle
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Christine M Mermier
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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15
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Pham VT, Fehlbaum S, Seifert N, Richard N, Bruins MJ, Sybesma W, Rehman A, Steinert RE. Effects of colon-targeted vitamins on the composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiome- a pilot study. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-20. [PMID: 33615992 PMCID: PMC7899684 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1875774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence has shown that gut microbiota imbalances are linked to diseases. Currently, the possibility of regulating gut microbiota to reverse these perturbations by developing novel therapeutic and preventive strategies is being extensively investigated. The modulatory effect of vitamins on the gut microbiome and related host health benefits remain largely unclear. We investigated the effects of colon-delivered vitamins A, B2, C, D, and E on the gut microbiota using a human clinical study and batch fermentation experiments, in combination with cell models for the assessment of barrier and immune functions. Vitamins C, B2, and D may modulate the human gut microbiome in terms of metabolic activity and bacterial composition. The most distinct effect was that of vitamin C, which significantly increased microbial alpha diversity and fecal short-chain fatty acids compared to the placebo. The remaining vitamins tested showed similar effects on microbial diversity, composition, and/or metabolic activity in vitro, but in varying degrees. Here, we showed that vitamins may modulate the human gut microbiome. Follow-up studies investigating targeted delivery of vitamins to the colon may help clarify the clinical significance of this novel concept for treating and preventing dysbiotic microbiota-related human diseases. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03668964. Registered 13 September 2018 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03668964.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van T. Pham
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland,CONTACT Van T. Pham Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst203/117A+41 618 158 828
| | - Sophie Fehlbaum
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Seifert
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Richard
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maaike J. Bruins
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wilbert Sybesma
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ateequr Rehman
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert E. Steinert
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland,Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Al-Attas TA, Lucky RA, Hossain MM. Apparent Kinetics of Co-Gasification of Biomass and Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO). Chem Asian J 2021; 16:507-520. [PMID: 33369225 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This communication reports the beneficial effects of co-gasification of biomass and residual oil to produce syngas. In this regard, various blends of glucose (a biomass surrogate) to vacuum gas oil (VGO) have been employed to investigate the synergic effects on the gasification process. The non-isothermal co-gasification experiments were conducted in a thermogravimetric analyzer at different heating rates and gasifying agents. The analysis showed that the co-gasification rate increased with the increase of glucose content in the feedstock. The presence of the oxygen in the biomass molecules helped the overall gasification process. The maximum gasification rate of 42.70 wt/min (DTGmax ) was observed with 25 wt% glucose containing sample. The use of gasifying agents appeared to have some influence, especially during high temperature gasification of the glucose-VGO blends. At a same gasification temperature, the co-gasification rate of glucose-VGO blends were found to be 125.7 wt/min and 98.59 wt%/min for N2 and CO2 , respectively. The kinetics of the co-gasification of glucose-VGO blends was conducted based on modified random pore model using TGA experimental data and implemented in MATLAB. The estimated activation energy and rate constants were found to be consistent to the observed co-gasification rates. The apparent activation energies of co-gasification of VGO/biomass blends with different weight percentages shows values ranging 60.56-48.25 kJ/mol. The kinetics analysis suggested that the addition of biomass helped to increase the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy required for accomplishing the reactions compared with petroleum carbonaceous feedstocks. The reaction rate constants isotherms are plotted to show that the k-values are exhibiting similar trends at moderate heating rates between 20 and 60 °C/min. This remark arises due to the nature of the reactions involved which are considered to be inherently similar in this range of heating rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq A Al-Attas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2 N 1 N4, Canada
| | - Rahima A Lucky
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6 A 3 K7, Canada
| | - Mohammad M Hossain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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García-Montero C, Fraile-Martínez O, Gómez-Lahoz AM, Pekarek L, Castellanos AJ, Noguerales-Fraguas F, Coca S, Guijarro LG, García-Honduvilla N, Asúnsolo A, Sanchez-Trujillo L, Lahera G, Bujan J, Monserrat J, Álvarez-Mon M, Álvarez-Mon MA, Ortega MA. Nutritional Components in Western Diet Versus Mediterranean Diet at the Gut Microbiota-Immune System Interplay. Implications for Health and Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:699. [PMID: 33671569 PMCID: PMC7927055 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent diseases of our time, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer) are rising worldwide. All of them share the condition of an "inflammatory disorder", with impaired immune functions frequently caused or accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota. These multifactorial maladies also have in common malnutrition related to physiopathology. In this context, diet is the greatest modulator of immune system-microbiota crosstalk, and much interest, and new challenges, are arising in the area of precision nutrition as a way towards treatment and prevention. It is a fact that the westernized diet (WD) is partly responsible for the increased prevalence of NCDs, negatively affecting both gut microbiota and the immune system. Conversely, other nutritional approaches, such as Mediterranean diet (MD), positively influence immune system and gut microbiota, and is proposed not only as a potential tool in the clinical management of different disease conditions, but also for prevention and health promotion globally. Thus, the purpose of this review is to determine the regulatory role of nutritional components of WD and MD in the gut microbiota and immune system interplay, in order to understand, and create awareness of, the influence of diet over both key components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Ana M. Gómez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Alejandro J. Castellanos
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Fernando Noguerales-Fraguas
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (F.N.-F.); (A.A.)
- Department of General Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Santiago Coca
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Asúnsolo
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (F.N.-F.); (A.A.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
| | - Lara Sanchez-Trujillo
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- Service of Pediatric, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares,28806 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
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Welson NN, Rofaeil RR, Ahmed SM, Gaber SS, Batiha GES, Shahataa MG. Vitamin E protects against gabapentin-induced chronic hepatic and renal damage associated with the inhibition of apoptosis and tissue injury in rats. Life Sci 2021; 267:118940. [PMID: 33359747 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of vitamin E against gabapentin-induced chronic liver and kidney injury associated with the inhibition of biomarkers of apoptosis and tissue injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups of adult male rats were included; control, gabapentin (100 mg/kg/day), Vitamin E (80 mg/kg/day), and a combination of gabapentin and Vitamin E for 90 days. Serum levels of AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, urea, and creatinine were measured in addition to malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) tissue levels. P53 gene expression, histological, and immunohistochemical examinations were performed in liver and kidney tissue samples. KEY FINDINGS Gabapentin increased AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, urea, creatinine, MDA, and p53 gene expression and it reduced GSH. Moreover, gabapentin administration caused structural changes in the hepatic and renal architecture with a weak Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction that reflects glycogen deposition in the liver and kidney and a positive immunoreaction for BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) that reflects activated apoptosis. Vitamin E significantly (p<0.05) reversed the biochemical alterations associated with chronic gabapentin administration and improved the histopathological picture of hepatic and renal tissue with a partial inhibition of BAX. SIGNIFICANCE Chronic administration of gabapentin causes hepatic and renal impairments, which is ameliorated by Vitamin E; possibly due to the inhibition of biomarkers of apoptosis and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen N Welson
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Remon R Rofaeil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Sabreen Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, delegated to Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Shereen S Gaber
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, delegated to Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mary Girgis Shahataa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Liu KY, Nakatsu CH, Jones-Hall Y, Kozik A, Jiang Q. Vitamin E alpha- and gamma-tocopherol mitigate colitis, protect intestinal barrier function and modulate the gut microbiota in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:180-189. [PMID: 33352218 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including colitis are intestinal disorders characterized by chronic inflammation, barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis. Specific forms of vitamin E have been shown to attenuate colitis, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of α-tocopherol (αT) and γ-tocopherol-rich tocopherols (γTmT) on gut inflammation, barrier integrity and microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. We observe that αT and γTmT mitigated DSS-caused fecal bleeding, diarrhea and elevation of IL-6. These vitamin E forms inhibited colitis-induced loss of the tight junction protein occludin, and attenuated colitis-caused elevation of LPS-binding protein in the plasma, a surrogate marker of intestinal barrier dysfunction, suggesting protection of gut barrier integrity. Consistently, αT and γT mitigated TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced impairment of trans-epithelial electrical resistance in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayer. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal DNA, we observe that DSS reduced gut microbial evenness and separated microbial composition from healthy controls. In colitis-induced mice, γTmT but not αT separated gut microbial composition from controls, and attenuated DSS-caused depletion of Roseburia, which contains butyrate producing bacteria and is decreased in IBD patients. Canonical correspondence analysis also supports that γTmT favorably altered gut microbial community. In contrast, neither αT nor γTmT affected gut microbes in healthy animals. These results provide evidence supporting protective effects of αT and γT on intestinal barrier function and that γTmT caused favorable changes of the gut microbiota in colitis-induced mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilia Y Liu
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2059, USA
| | - Cindy H Nakatsu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2059, USA
| | - Yava Jones-Hall
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2059, USA
| | - Ariangela Kozik
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2059, USA
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2059, USA.
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The Landscape of Interactions between Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Reactive Oxygen Species in the Gastrointestinal Tract. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8893663. [PMID: 33542787 PMCID: PMC7843172 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8893663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GT) is the major organ involved in digestion, absorption, and immunity, which is prone to oxidative destruction by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from luminal oxidants, such as food, drugs, and pathogens. Excessive ROS will lead to oxidative stresses and disrupt essential biomolecules, which also act as cellular signaling molecules in response to growth factors, hormones, and oxygen tension changes. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are critical regulators mediating responses to cellular oxygen tension changes, which are also involved in energy metabolism, immunity, renewal, and microbial homeostasis in the GT. This review discusses interactions between HIF (mainly HIF-1α) and ROS and relevant diseases in the GT combined with our lab's work. It might help to develop new therapies for gastrointestinal diseases associated with ROS and HIF-1α.
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Cyperus esculentus L. Tubers (Tiger Nuts) Protect Epithelial Barrier Function in Caco-2 Cells Infected by Salmonella Enteritidis and Promote Lactobacillus plantarum Growth. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010071. [PMID: 33379352 PMCID: PMC7824298 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyperus esculentus L. tubers (tiger nuts) contain different compounds with several intestinal health-promoting properties. Here, we studied the capacity of tiger nuts from Valencia, Spain, to prevent epithelial barrier function disruption induced by Salmonella enteritidis in Caco-2 cell cultures. Paracellular permeability was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and tight junction protein immunolocalization. Moreover, the effect of tiger nuts on S. enteritidis agglutination, oxidative stress, and Lactobacillus plantarum growth was tested. Compared to controls, tiger nuts partially restored TER in S. enteritidis-infected cultures, an effect confirmed by immunolocalization of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin. The results also revealed that this protective effect may be associated with the capacity to agglutinate the pathogen, restore TER in TNFα-stimulated cultures, and reduce reactive oxygen species in H2O2-stimulated cultures. Moreover, they favor L. plantarum growth. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the tiger nut protects epithelial barrier function by reducing bacterial invasion, along with counteracting TNFα and H2O2 effects, thus giving an additional value to this tuber as a potential functional food.
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Ji Q, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Gamah M, Yuan Z, Liu J, Cao C, Gao X, Zhang H, Ren Y, Zhang W. Effects of hypoxic exposure on immune responses of intestinal mucosa to Citrobacter colitis in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110477. [PMID: 32768962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis and mechanism of colitis may be related to intestinal flora, genetic susceptibility, environmental and immune factors. Among these various factors, the importance of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of colitis has been increasingly recognized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hypoxia on intestinal mucosal immunity. METHODS Experimental colitis was induced by oral gavage of Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium) in mice, then divided into normoxia group and hypoxia group. Mice were sacrificed after 2 weeks. Physiological and blood biochemical indicators were monitored to verify the hypoxia model. The body weight, fecal bacterial output, colon length and colon histopathology were observed to evaluate severity of colitis. The concentration of cytokines in colonic tissues were detected by ELISA. The percentage of CD4+ IFN-γ+ (Th1) and CD4+ IL-17+ (Th17) cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of mucosal antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), related inflammatory factors and transcription factors in colon tissues were detected by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Mice in hypoxic C. rodentium infection (Hypoxia + C.r.) group exhibited significant decrease in body weight, increase in fecal bacterial pathogen output, and more severe histopathological damage in the colon compared with the C. rodentium infection (Nomoxia + C.r.) group. Meanwhile, the level of NF-κB, TLR4, COX-2, IL-6 and TNF-α of colonic tissue were increased, while IL17, IL-22, and Reg3γ were decreased. The percentage of CD4+ IFN-γ+ (Th1) and CD4+ IL-17+ (Th17) cells in MLN were significantly decreased in mice of Hypoxia + C.r. group, accompanied by the decreased of IFN-γ and IL-17. In addition, the level of the T-bet, RORγt, IL-12 and IL-23 were decreased in mice of Hypoxia + C.r. group. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic exposure significantly exacerbates the symptoms and the pathological damage of mice with colitis and influences the immune function by down-regulating Th1 and Th17 responses in C. rodentium-induced colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaorong Ji
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yiling Zhou
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Mohammed Gamah
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeidah University, Al Hudaydah, Yemen
| | - Zhouyang Yuan
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Chengzhu Cao
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanming Ren
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China.
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Ke J, Bian X, Liu H, Li B, Huo R. Edaravone reduces oxidative stress and intestinal cell apoptosis after burn through up-regulating miR-320 expression. Mol Med 2019; 25:54. [PMID: 31829167 PMCID: PMC6907153 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal mucosa barrier dysfunction after burn injury is an important factor for causing mortality of burn patients. The current study established a burn model in rats and used a free radical scavenger edaravone (ED) to treat the rats, so as to investigate the effect of edaravone on intestinal mucosa barrier after burn injury. METHODS Anesthetized rats were subjected to 40% total body surface area water burn immediately, followed by treatment with ED, scrambled antagomir, or antagomiR-320. Intestinal mucosa damage was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and graded by colon mucosal damage index (CMDI) score. The contents of total sulfhydryl (TSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by spectrophotometry. Cell apoptosis, protein relative expression,and the in situ expressions of p-Akt and p-Bad were detected by flow cytometry, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The miR-320 expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS ED alleviated intestinal mucosal damage caused by burn injury, down-regulated the levels of MDA, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3, but up-regulated the levels of TSH, SOD, CAT and Bcl-2. We also found that ED could reduce oxidative stress, inhibit cell apoptosis, increase the expressions of p-Akt, p-Bad and miR-320, and decrease PTEN expression. PTEN was predicted to be the target gene for miR-320, and cell apoptosis could be promoted by inhibiting miR-320 expression. CONCLUSION ED regulates Akt/Bad/Caspase signaling cascade to reduce apoptosis and oxidative stress through up-regulating miR-320 expression and down-regulating PTEN expression, thus protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier of rats from burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Ke
- Burn and Plastic Section, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi Bian
- Burn and Plastic Section, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Burn and Plastic Section, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bei Li
- Burn and Plastic Section, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Huo
- Burn and Plastic Section, Shandong Province Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jiaozhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong Province, China.
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Food Supplements to Mitigate Detrimental Effects of Pelvic Radiotherapy. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7040097. [PMID: 30987157 PMCID: PMC6518429 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic radiotherapy has been frequently reported to cause acute and late onset gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although the underlying mechanisms of pelvic radiation-induced GI toxicity are poorly understood, they are known to involve a complex interplay between all cell types comprising the intestinal wall. Furthermore, increasing evidence states that the human gut microbiome plays a role in the development of radiation-induced health damaging effects. Gut microbial dysbiosis leads to diarrhea and fatigue in half of the patients. As a result, reinforcement of the microbiome has become a hot topic in various medical disciplines. To counteract GI radiotoxicities, apart from traditional pharmacological compounds, adjuvant therapies are being developed including food supplements like vitamins, prebiotics, and probiotics. Despite the easy, cheap, safe, and feasible approach to protect patients against acute radiation-induced toxicity, clinical trials have yielded contradictory results. In this review, a detailed overview is given of the various clinical, intestinal manifestations after pelvic irradiation as well as the role of the gut microbiome herein. Furthermore, whilst discussing possible strategies to prevent these symptoms, food supplements are presented as auspicious, prophylactic, and therapeutic options to mitigate acute pelvic radiation-induced GI injury by exploring their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Gastric Mucosal Lesions in Tibetans with High-Altitude Polycythemia Show Increased HIF-1A Expression and ROS Production. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6317015. [PMID: 31001558 PMCID: PMC6437737 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6317015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Living at a high plateau in a very hostile environment and low oxygen levels often leads to the development of high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) and gastric mucosal lesions caused by high-level reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1A (HIF-1A) helps maintain oxygen homeostasis by promoting the transcription of various genes and can be affected by ROS levels. To evaluate the molecular mechanism by which HAPC causes the gastric mucosal lesions, the expression of HIF-1A was measured in Tibetans with HAPC and in healthy subjects. Ultrastructural, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed in the gastric tissues of both groups, and the expression of HIF-1A in the gastric mucosa was detected using qPCR and Western Blot. Results The microvessel density and average diameter of gastric mucosal vessels were significantly greater in the HAPC patients than in the healthy subjects (p < 0.05). The number of red blood cells in the gastric mucosa was also significantly higher in the HAPC group than in the healthy subjects (p < 0.05). In addition, the density of the mitochondrial vacuoles and endoplasmic reticulum and pathological apoptosis were significantly increased in the gastric cells from HAPC patients compared to those from the healthy subjects. The levels of ROS and HIF-1A in the gastric mucosa were increased in HAPC patients compared to those in controls (p < 0.05). Conclusions An increased level of HIF-1A was associated with HAPC development in the stomach of Tibetans living at a high altitude. ROS upregulated the levels of HIF-1A. Thus, ROS-mediated HIF-1A signaling transduction may be the mechanism associated with HAPC-induced gastric lesions.
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VIVEK PRINCE, BHARTI VIJAYKUMAR, GIRI ARUP, KALIA SAHIL, RAJ TILAK, KUMAR BHUVNESH. Endurance exercise causes adverse changes in some hematological and physiobiochemical indices in ponies under high altitude stress condition. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i2.79347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The ponies have immense relevance for logistic support for civil population and troops in hilly and high altitude areas. There is no information on specific biomarkers of endurance performance under high altitude stress condition, which could be supportive in the identification of elite ponies for deployment at high altitude. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the physiological responses, hematological, biochemical, metabolic, and antioxidant biomarker during endurance exercise in ponies at high altitude. For this study, total 5 mares were put on endurance exercise at 4–6 m/sec speed for 30 min on 30 m track situated at 3,500 m altitude for 28 days period. The result showed a significant change in physiological responses, and some hematological, biochemical, metabolic and antioxidant parameters viz. glutathione peroxidase, creatinine kinase-MB, lactic acid, total protein, glucose, hexokinase, cortisol, and interleukin-6 level at different phase of endurance exercise. In conclusion, this study showed the alteration in physiological responses and some hematological and physio-biochemical metabolic parameters during the endurance exercise. Hence, these parameters could be considered as biomarkers for evaluation of endurance performance in ponies at high altitude before putting them under load carrying deployment.
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Wan MLY, Ling KH, El-Nezami H, Wang MF. Influence of functional food components on gut health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1927-1936. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1433629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Murphy L. Y. Wan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - K. H. Ling
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M. F. Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Khanna K, Mishra KP, Ganju L, Kumar B, Singh SB. High-Altitude-Induced alterations in Gut-Immune Axis: A review. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 37:119-126. [PMID: 29231767 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2017.1407763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
High-altitude sojourn above 8000 ft is increasing day by day either for pilgrimage, mountaineering, holidaying or for strategic reasons. In India, soldiers are deployed to these high mountains for their duty or pilgrims visit to the holy places, which are located at very high altitude. A large population also resides permanently in high altitude regions. Every year thousands of pilgrims visit Holy cave of Shri Amarnath ji, which is above 15 000 ft. The poor acclimatization to high altitude may cause alteration in immunity. The low oxygen partial pressure may cause alterations in gut microbiota, which may cause changes in gut immunity. Effect of high altitude on gut-associated mucosal system is new area of research. Many studies have been carried out to understand the physiology and immunology behind the high-altitude-induced gut problems. Few interventions have also been discovered to circumvent the problems caused due to high-altitude conditions. In this review, we have discussed the effects of high-altitude-induced changes in gut immunity particularly peyer's patches, NK cells and inflammatory cytokines, secretary immunoglobulins and gut microbiota. The published articles from PubMed and Google scholar from year 1975 to 2017 on high-altitude hypoxia and gut immunity are cited in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjan Khanna
- a Immunomodulation Division , Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO , Delhi , India
| | - K P Mishra
- a Immunomodulation Division , Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO , Delhi , India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- a Immunomodulation Division , Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO , Delhi , India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- a Immunomodulation Division , Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO , Delhi , India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- a Immunomodulation Division , Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO , Delhi , India
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Luo H, Zhou DJ, Chen Z, Zhou QQ, Wu K, Tian K, Li ZW, Xiao ZL. Establishment and evaluation of an experimental rat model for high-altitude intestinal barrier injury. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:475-482. [PMID: 28352318 PMCID: PMC5348649 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.4012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study an experimental high-altitude intestinal barrier injury rat model was established by simulating an acute hypoxia environment, to provide an experimental basis to assess the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of altitude sickness. A total of 70 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: Control group (group C) and a high-altitude hypoxia group (group H). Following 2 days adaptation, the rats in group H were exposed to a simulated 4,000-m, high-altitude hypoxia environment for 3 days to establish the experimental model. To evaluate the model, bacterial translocation, serum lipopolysaccharide level, pathomorphology, ultrastructure and protein expression in rats were assessed. The results indicate that, compared with group C, the rate of bacterial translocation and the apoptotic index of intestinal epithelial cells were significantly higher in group H (P<0.01). Using a light microscope it was determined that the intestinal mucosa was thinner in group H, there were fewer epithelial cells present and the morphology was irregular. Observations with an electron microscope indicated that the intestinal epithelial cells in group H were injured, the spaces among intestinal villi were wider, the tight junctions among cells were open and lanthanum nitrate granules (from the fixing solution) had diffused into the intestinal mesenchyme. The expression of the tight junction protein occludin was also decreased in group H. Therefore, the methods applied in the present study enabled the establishment of a stable, high-altitude intestinal barrier injury model in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Luo
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Dai-Jun Zhou
- The Fourth Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Quan Zhou
- High Altitude Military Medical Science Academy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Kui Wu
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Kun Tian
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Li
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Liang Xiao
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
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Wang Q, Hu L, Hu Y, Gong G, Tan H, Deng L, Sun X, Yi X, Sun Y, Wu W, Li T. Carbon Monoxide-Saturated Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers Attenuate High-Altitude-Induced Cardiac Injury by Amelioration of the Inflammation Response and Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage. Cardiology 2016; 136:180-191. [DOI: 10.1159/000448652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of carbon monoxide (CO) on high-altitude hypoxia-induced cardiac damage. Methods: Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. The mice were exposed to normoxia or simulated 5,500-meter high-altitude hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber for 7 days. During the first 3 days, the mice were pretreated with CO-saturated hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carrier (CO-HBOC), oxygen-saturated hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (O2-HBOC) at a dose of 0.3 g Hb/kg/day or an equivalent volume of saline. The in vivo left ventricle function, cardiac enzyme release, histopathological changes, apoptosis and inflammation were also measured. Results: High-altitude hypoxia induced significant cardiac damage, as demonstrated by impaired cardiac function and increased proapoptotic, proinflammatory and pro-oxidant markers. Pretreatment with CO-HBOC significantly improved cardiac performance, reduced cardiac enzyme release and limited myocardial apoptosis. The increased inflammatory response was also suppressed. In addition to the preserved mitochondrial structure, hypobaric hypoxia-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage was remarkably attenuated. Moreover, these antiapoptotic and antioxidative effects were accompanied by an upregulated phosphorylation of Akt, ERK and STAT3. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that CO-HBOC provides a promising protective effect on high-altitude hypoxia-induced myocardial injury, which is mediated by the inhibition of inflammation and mitochondrial oxidative damage.
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Genome-Wide Transcriptional Analysis Reveals the Protection against Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Injury in the Intestine of Tibetans via the Inhibition of GRB2/EGFR/PTPN11 Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6967396. [PMID: 27594973 PMCID: PMC4993941 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6967396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms for hypoxic environment causing the injury of intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) are widely unknown. To address the issue, Han Chinese from 100 m altitude and Tibetans from high altitude (more than 3650 m) were recruited. Histological and transcriptome analyses were performed. The results showed intestinal villi were reduced and appeared irregular, and glandular epithelium was destroyed in the IMB of Tibetans when compared with Han Chinese. Transcriptome analysis revealed 2573 genes with altered expression. The levels of 1137 genes increased and 1436 genes decreased in Tibetans when compared with Han Chinese. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated most immunological responses were reduced in the IMB of Tibetans when compared with Han Chinese. Gene microarray showed that there were 25-, 22-, and 18-fold downregulation for growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 (PTPN11) in the IMB of Tibetans when compared with Han Chinese. The downregulation of EGFR, GRB2, and PTPN11 will reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and protect against oxidative stress-induced injury for intestine. Thus, the transcriptome analysis showed the protecting functions of IMB patients against hypoxia-induced oxidative injury in the intestine of Tibetans via affecting GRB2/EGFR/PTPN11 pathways.
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