1
|
Li MD, Chen LH, Xiang HX, Jiang YL, Lv BB, Xu DX, Zhao H, Fu L. Benzo[a]pyrene evokes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and pulmonary fibrosis through AhR-mediated Nrf2-p62 signaling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134560. [PMID: 38759404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and its metabolic end product benzo(a)pyren-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), are known toxic environmental pollutants. This study aimed to analyze whether sub-chronic BPDE exposure initiated pulmonary fibrosis and the potential mechanisms. In this work, male C57BL6/J mice were exposed to BPDE by dynamic inhalation exposure for 8 weeks. Our results indicated that sub-chronic BPDE exposure evoked pulmonary fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in mice. Both in vivo and in vitro, BPDE exposure promoted nuclear translocation of Snail. Further experiments indicated that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and p62 were upregulated in BPDE-exposed alveolar epithelial cells. Moreover, Nrf2 siRNA transfection evidently attenuated BPDE-induced p62 upregulation. Besides, p62 shRNA inhibited BPDE-incurred Snail nuclear translocation and EMT. Mechanically, BPDE facilitated physical interaction between p62 and Snail in the nucleus, then repressed Snail protein degradation by p62-dependent autophagy-lysosome pathway, and finally upregulated transcriptional activity of Snail. Additionally, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was activated in BPDE-treated alveolar epithelial cells. Dual-luciferase assay indicated activating AhR could bind to Nrf2 gene promoter. Moreover, pretreatment with CH223191 or α-naphthoflavone (α-NF), AhR antagonists, inhibited BPDE-activated Nrf2-p62 signaling, and alleviated BPDE-induced EMT and pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Taken together, AhR-mediated Nrf2-p62 signaling contributes to BaP-induced EMT and pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Die Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Li-Hong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Hui-Xian Xiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ya-Lin Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Bozhou People's Hospital, Bozhou, Anhui 236800, China
| | - Bian-Bian Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kattar A, Vivero-Lopez M, Concheiro A, Mudakavi R, Chauhan A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Oleogels for the ocular delivery of epalrestat: formulation, in vitro, in ovo, ex vivo and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01560-7. [PMID: 38780858 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The ocular administration of lipophilic and labile drugs such as epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor with potential for diabetic retinopathy treatment, demands the development of topical delivery systems capable of providing sufficient ocular bioavailability. The aim of this work was to develop non-aqueous oleogels based on soybean oil and gelators from natural and sustainable sources (ethyl cellulose, beeswax and cocoa butter) and to assess their reproducibility, safety and efficiency in epalrestat release and permeation both ex vivo and in vivo. Binary combinations of gelators at 10% w/w resulted in solid oleogels (oleorods), while single gelator oleogels at 5% w/w remained liquid at room temperature, with most of the oleogels displaying shear thinning behavior. The oleorods released up to 4 µg epalrestat per mg of oleorod in a sustained or burst pattern depending on the gelator (approx. 10% dose in 24 h). The HET-CAM assay indicated that oleogel formulations did not induce ocular irritation and were safe for topical ocular administration. Corneal and scleral ex vivo assays evidenced the permeation of epalrestat from the oleorods up to 4 and 2.5 µg/cm2 after six hours, respectively. Finally, the capacity of the developed oleogels to sustain release and provide significant amounts of epalrestat to the ocular tissues was demonstrated in vivo against aqueous-based niosomes and micelles formulations loaded with the same drug concentration. Overall, the gathered information provides valuable insights into the development of oleogels for ocular drug delivery, emphasizing their safety and controlled release capabilities, which have implications for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy and other ocular conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kattar
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Maria Vivero-Lopez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Rajeev Mudakavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Anuj Chauhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao WL, Xu D, Wang JS. Torachrysone-8-O-β-d-glucoside mediates anti-inflammatory effects by blocking aldose reductase-catalyzed metabolism of lipid peroxidation products. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115931. [PMID: 37981172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is an important enzyme involved in the reduction of various aldehyde and carbonyl compounds, including the highly reactive and toxic 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), which has been linked to the progression of various pathologies such as atherosclerosis, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and tumors. AR inhibitors have potential therapeutic benefits for these diseases by reducing lipid peroxidation and mitigating the harmful effects of reactive aldehydes. In this study, we found that torachrysone-8-O-β-d-glucoside (TG), a natural product isolated from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., functions as an effective inhibitor of AR, exhibiting potent effects in clearing reactive aldehydes and reducing inflammation. TG up-regulated the mRNA levels of several antioxidant factors downstream of NRF2, especially glutathione S-transferase (GST), which is significantly increased, thus detoxifying 4-HNE by facilitating the conjugation of 4-HNE to glutathione, forming glutathione-4-hydroxynonenal (GS-HNE). By employing a combination of molecular docking, cellular thermal shift assay, and enzyme activity experiments, we demonstrated that TG exhibited strong binding affinity with AR and inhibited its activity and blocked the conversion of GS-HNE to glutathionyl-1,4-dihydroxynonene (GS-DHN), thereby preventing the formation of protein adducts and inducing severe cellular damage. This study provides novel insights into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of AR inhibitors and offers potential avenues for developing therapeutic strategies for AR-related pathologies. Our findings suggest that TG, as an AR inhibitor, may hold promise as a therapeutic agent for treating conditions characterized by excessive lipid peroxidation and inflammation. Further investigations are needed to fully explore the clinical potential of TG and evaluate its efficacy in the treatment and management of these complex diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chang YT, Chung MC, Chang CH, Chiu KH, Shieh JJ, Wu MJ. Anti-EMT and anti-fibrosis effects of protocatechuic aldehyde in renal proximal tubular cells and the unilateral ureteral obstruction animal model. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1198-1206. [PMID: 35758295 PMCID: PMC9477482 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2088809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA) is a natural product that has various benefits for fibrosis. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of PCA on renal fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was induced by 20 ng/mL transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), followed by treatment with 1 and 5 μM PCA, in the rat renal proximal tubular cell line NRK-52E. Cell viability, protein expression, and scratch wound-healing assays were conducted. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) surgery for renal fibrosis indication and were treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg PCA for 14 days. RESULTS The IC50 of PCA was appropriately 13.75 ± 1.91 μM in NRK-52E cells, and no significant difference at concentrations less than 5 μM. PCA ameliorated TGF-β1-induced EMT, such as enhanced E-cadherin and decreased vimentin. Fibrotic markers collagen IV and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) increased in TGF-β1-induced NRK-52E. Moreover, PCA reduced TGF-β1-induced migration in the wound-healing assay. Analysis of rat kidneys indicated that PCA reduced UUO-induced hydronephrosis (control: 15.11 ± 1.00%; UUO: 39.89 ± 1.91%; UUO + PCA50: 18.37 ± 1.61%; UUO + PCA100: 17.67 ± 1.39%). Protein level demonstrated that PCA not only decreased vimentin expression and enhanced E-cadherin expression, but inhibited UUO-induced collagen IV and α-SMA upregulation, indicating that it could mitigate EMT in a rat model of UUO-induced renal fibrosis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that PCA decreases TGF-β1-induced fibrosis and EMT in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate pharmacological effects of PCA and might be a potential strategy for the prevention of organ fibrosis in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Teng Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Chi Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hao Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsun Chiu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jer Shieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hernández-Díazcouder A, González-Ramírez J, Sanchez F, Leija-Martínez JJ, Martínez-Coronilla G, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Sánchez-Muñoz F. Negative Effects of Chronic High Intake of Fructose on Lung Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194089. [PMID: 36235741 PMCID: PMC9571075 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the modern diet, excessive fructose intake (>50 g/day) had been driven by the increase, in recent decades, of the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. This phenomenon has dramatically increased within the Caribbean and Latin American regions. Epidemiological studies show that chronic high intake of fructose related to sugar-sweetened beverages increases the risk of developing several non-communicable diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, and may also contribute to the exacerbation of lung diseases, such as COVID-19. Evidence supports several mechanisms—such as dysregulation of the renin−angiotensin system, increased uric acid production, induction of aldose reductase activity, production of advanced glycation end-products, and activation of the mTORC1 pathway—that can be implicated in lung damage. This review addresses how these pathophysiologic and molecular mechanisms may explain the lung damage resulting from high intake of fructose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier González-Ramírez
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Campus Mexicali, Mexicali 21100, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sanchez
- Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - José J. Leija-Martínez
- Master and Doctorate Program in Medical, Dental, and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Martínez-Coronilla
- Histology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Campus Mexicali, Mexicali 21100, Mexico
| | - Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5573-2911 (ext. 21310)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sonowal H, Ramana KV. Development of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders and Cancer: Current Drug Design Strategies and Future Directions. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3683-3712. [PMID: 33109031 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201027152737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aldose Reductase (AR) is an enzyme that converts glucose to sorbitol during the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism. AR has been shown to be involved in the development of secondary diabetic complications due to its involvement in causing osmotic as well as oxidative stress. Various AR inhibitors have been tested for their use to treat secondary diabetic complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy in clinical studies. Recent studies also suggest the potential role of AR in mediating various inflammatory complications. Therefore, the studies on the development and potential use of AR inhibitors to treat inflammatory complications and cancer besides diabetes are currently on the rise. Further, genetic mutagenesis studies, computer modeling, and molecular dynamics studies have helped design novel and potent AR inhibitors. This review discussed the potential new therapeutic use of AR inhibitors in targeting inflammatory disorders and cancer besides diabetic complications. Further, we summarized studies on how AR inhibitors have been designed and developed for therapeutic purposes in the last few decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Sonowal
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
hCES1 and hCES2 mediated activation of epalrestat-antioxidant mutual prodrugs: Unwinding the hydrolytic mechanism using in silico approaches. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 91:148-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
8
|
Amelioration of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by chlorogenic acid through endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition. Apoptosis 2018; 22:1147-1156. [PMID: 28677092 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the inhibitory effects of chlorogenic acid on pulmonary fibrosis and the internal mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. 30 male BALB/C mice were randomized into 5 groups: control group, pulmonary fibrosis model group, low, middle and high dose of chlorogenic acid groups. Mice in pulmonary fibrosis model group were administered 5.0 mg/kg bleomycin with intracheal instillation and mice in 3 chlorogenic acid groups were treated with chlorogenic acid every day for 28 days after bleomycin administration. Lung tissue histology was observed using HE staining. Primary pulmonary fibroblasts were isolated and cultured. The expressions of fibrosis related factors (α-SMA and collagen I), as well as ER stress markers (CHOP and GRP78) were determined by both real-time PCR assay and Western blotting, while the expressions of other ER stress signaling pathway factors PERK, IRE-1, ATF-6 and protein levels of caspase-12, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP were determined by Western blotting. RLE-6TN cell line induced by TGF-β1 was also used to verify the amelioration effects in vitro study. In both in vivo and in vitro studies, TUNEL staining was used to evaluate cell apoptosis. Expressions of collagen I, α-SMA, GRP78, and CHOP were significantly inhibited by chlorogenic acid in dose-dependent manner. Similarly, decreasing levels of cleaved caspase-12, caspase-9, caspase-3 and increasing level of uncleaved PARP were observed in chlorogenic acid groups compared with those in the fibrosis group both in vivo and in vitro. Chlorogenic acid could also significantly down-regulate the level of phosphorylation of PERK and cleaved ATF-6 in vivo study. Moreover, MTT assay demonstrated chlorogenic acid could enhance proliferation of RLE-6TN cells induced by TGFβ1 in vitro. And the apoptosis assays indicated that chlorogenic acid could significantly inhibit cell apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro studies. Chlorogenic acid could inhibit the pulmonary fibrosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
|
9
|
Regulation of aldose reductase activity by tubulin and phenolic acid derivates. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 654:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
10
|
Sun H, Liu S, Gao X, Xiong Z, He Z, Zhao L. Study on degradation kinetics of epalrestat in aqueous solutions and characterization of its major degradation products under stress degradation conditions by UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS. J Pharm Anal 2018; 9:423-430. [PMID: 31890342 PMCID: PMC6931074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug stability is closely related to drug safety and needs to be considered in the process of drug production, package and storage. To investigate the stability of epalrestat, a carboxylic acid derivative, a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed in this study and applied to analyzing the degradation kinetics of epalrestat in aqueous solutions in various conditions, such as different pH, temperatures, ionic strengths, oxidation and irradiation. The calibration curve was A = 1.6 × 105 C-1.3 × 103 (r = 0.999) with the liner range of 0.5-24 μg/mL, the intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 2.0%, as was the repeatibility. The average accuracy for different concentrations was more than 98.5%, indicating that perfect recoveries were achieved. Degradation kinetic parameters such as degradation rate constants (k), activation energy (Ea) and shelf life (t 0.9 ) under different conditions were calculated and discussed. The results indicated that the degradation behavior of epalrestat was pH-dependent and the stability of epalrestat decreased with the rised irradiation and ionic strength; however, it was more stable in neutral and alkaline conditions as well as lower temperatures. The results showed that the degradation kinetics of epalrestat followed first-order reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the degradation products of epalrestat under stress conditions were identified by UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS, with seven degradation products being detected and four of them being tentatively identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Shanxi Biosample Analysis Center, Shanxi Health Vocational College, No. 100, Wenjin Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Suyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xun Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zhili Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zhonggui He
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nie J, Yang HM, Sun CY, Liu YL, Zhuo JY, Zhang ZB, Lai XP, Su ZR, Li YC. Scutellarin Enhances Antitumor Effects and Attenuates the Toxicity of Bleomycin in H22 Ascites Tumor-Bearing Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:615. [PMID: 29962947 PMCID: PMC6011816 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM) is a broad spectrum anti-tumor drug and inducing pulmonary fibrosis. As an anti-tumor drug without immunosuppression, it is urgent to find a drug that reduces the side effects of BLM. Scutellarin (SCU), a flavone extracted from Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz, has anti-inflammatory activity and ability to inhibit tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion. However, the combined role of SCU and BLM treatment in tumor is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the possible effect and related mechanisms of BLM combined with SCU in the treatment of tumor through in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vivo experiments showed that BLM combined with SCU in the treatment of mice bearing H22 ascites tumor prolonged the survival time, alleviated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, reduced the production of TNF-α; IL-6, and the levels of MDA and MPO. BLM combined with SCU increased the apoptotic rate of H22 ascites cells and the levels of cleaved-caspases-3 and -8. Furthermore, BLM combined with SCU increased the protein expression of p53 and gene expression of miR-29b, and decreased the expression of TGF-β1. In vitro experiment results showed that BLM combined with SCU inhibited the viability of H22 cells and MRC-5 cells, promoted H22 cell apoptosis, up-regulated the protein expression of p53 and down-regulated the protein expression of α-SMA and collagen-I in MRC-5 cells. These experimental results suggested that SCU could enhance the anti-tumor effect of BLM and reduce BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, indicating SCU as a potential adjuvant for BLM in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Nie
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yang
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Yue Sun
- Guangdong Province Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Lu Liu
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Yi Zhuo
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Biao Zhang
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Lai
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Cui Li
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Le Y, Chen L, Zhang Y, Bu P, Dai G, Cheng X. Epalrestat Stimulated Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrogenesis in Mouse Liver. Toxicol Sci 2018; 163:397-408. [PMID: 28204799 PMCID: PMC11009688 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epalrestat (EPS), an aldose reductase inhibitor, is widely prescribed to manage diabetic neuropathy. It is generally believed that EPS is beneficial to diabetic patients because it can protect endothelial cells, Schwann cells, or other neural cells from oxidative stress. However, several clinical studies revealed that EPS therapy led to liver dysfunction, which limited its clinical applications. Currently, the underlying mechanism by which EPS causes liver dysfunction is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism responsible for EPS-induced liver injury. In mouse liver, EPS 1) increased oxidative stress, indicated by increased expression of manganese superoxide dismutase, Ho-1, and Nqo1, 2) induced inflammation, indicated by infiltration of inflammatory cells, and induced expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, CD11b, and CD11c, as well as 3) predisposed to induce fibrosis, evidenced by increased mRNA and protein expression of early profibrotic biomarker genes procollagen I and alpha-smooth muscle actin, and by increased collagen deposition. In cultured mouse and human hepatoma cells, EPS treatment induced oxidative stress, decreased cell viability, and triggered apoptosis evidenced by increased Caspase-3 cleavage/activation. In addition, EPS increased mRNA and protein expression of cytoglobin in mouse liver, indicating that EPS activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Furthermore, EPS treatment in cultured human HSCs increased cell viability. In summary, EPS administration induced oxidative stress and inflammation in mouse liver, and stimulated liver fibrogenesis. Therefore, cautions should be exercised during EPS therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
| | - Pengli Bu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
- Department of Biological Sciences College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, St John’s University, Queens, New York 11439
| | - Guoli Dai
- Department of Biology, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Xingguo Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jeong SY, Lee JY. Inhibitory effects of 2,6-di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethylphenol on asthmatic responses to ovalbumin challenge in conscious guinea pigs. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:81-89. [PMID: 29302215 PMCID: PMC5746515 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-asthmatic activities of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethylphenol (DBHP) that is a potent phenolic antioxidant in edible vegetable oil. The effects of DBHP on bronchial asthma were evaluated by determining the specific airway resistance (sRaw) and tidal volume (TV) during the immediate asthmatic response (IAR) and the late-phase asthmatic response (LAR) in guinea pigs with aerosolized ovalbumin-induced asthma. Recruitment of leukocytes and the levels of biochemical inflammatory mediators were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs), and histopathological surveys performed in lung tissues. DBHP significantly inhibited the increased sRaw and improved the decreased TV on IAR and LAR, and also inhibited recruitment of eosinophils and neutrophils into the lung, and release of biochemical inflammatory mediators such as histamine and phospholipase A2 from these infiltrated leukocytes, and improved pathological changes. However, anti-asthmatic activities of DBHP at oral doses of 12.5 to 50 mg/kg was less than those of dexamethasone (5 mg/kg, p.o.) and cromoglycate (10 mg/kg, p.o.), but more potent or similar to that of salbutamol (5 mg/kg, p.o.). These results in the present study suggest that anti-asthmatic effects of DBHP in the guinea pigs model of OVA-induced asthmatic responses principally are mediated by inhibiting the recruitments of the leukocytes and the release of biochemical inflammatory mediators from these infiltrated leukocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Yong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu J, Li X, Wan W, Yang Q, Ma W, Chen D, Hu J, Chen CYO, Wei X. Gigantol from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. binds and inhibits aldose reductase gene to exert its anti-cataract activity: An in vitro mechanistic study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:255-261. [PMID: 28104409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dendrobium. chrysotoxum Lindl is a commonly used species of medicinal Dendrobium which belongs to the family of Orchidaceae, locally known as "Shihu" or "Huangcao". D. chrysotoxum Lindl is widely known for medicinal values in traditional Chinese medicine as it possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic induction, antitumor and antioxidant properties. STUDY AIM To characterize the interaction between gigantol extracted from D. chrysotoxum Lindl and the AR gene, and determine gigantol's efficacy against cataractogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) were induced by glucose as the model group. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess AR gene expression. Then, the mode of interaction of gigantol with the AR gene was evaluated by UV-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscope (AFM) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The binding constant was determined by UV-visible. RESULTS Gigantol depressed AR gene expression in HLECs. UV-visible spectra preliminarily indicated that interaction between the AR gene and gigantol may follow the groove mode, with a binding constant of 1.85×103L/mol. Atomic force microscope (AFM) data indicated that gigantol possibly bound to insert AR gene base pairs of the double helix. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) studies further supported these observations. CONCLUSION Gigantol extracted from D. chrysotoxum Lindl not only has inhibitory effects on aldose reductase, but also inhibits AR gene expression. These findings provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis for the use of Dendrobium for the treatment of diabetic cataract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wencheng Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiaohong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weifeng Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dan Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangmiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun H, Bo Y, Zhang M, Wu X, Zhou M, Zhao L, Xiong Z. Simultaneous determination of epalrestat and puerarin in rat plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS: Application to their pharmacokinetic interaction study. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhai Bo
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Xiong
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|