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Misra SK, Pandey H, Patil S, Virmani T, Virmani R, Kumar G, Alhalmi A, Noman OM, Alshahrani SS, Mothana RA. Graphene Scaffolds: A Striking Approach to Combat Dermatophytosis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2305. [PMID: 37630890 PMCID: PMC10458241 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Exclusive physicochemical and biological properties of carbon allotrope graphene have attracted the peer attention of researchers for the synthesis and development of newer topical remedies including films, scaffolds, microspheres, and hydrogels. Here, graphene nanoplatelets (GN) were embedded into a different ratio of polymeric ERL100/ERS100 solution and fabricated in the form of a scaffold through the electrospinning process. FTIR spectra displayed characteristic similar peaks present both in GN and GN-loaded scaffold owing to the compatibility of GN and polymeric mixture. XRD curve revealed a distinct GN peak at nearly 26° whereas from DSC/TGA thermal stability was observed between polymers and graphene nanoplatelets. FESEM images showed ultrathin architecture of GN-loaded scaffold in a range of 280 ± 90 nm. The fabricated scaffold exhibited hydrophilicity (contact angle 48.8 ± 2.8°) and desirable swelling index (646% in skin pH media) which were desired criteria for the scaffold for topical application. In vitro, antifungal activity was conducted through the broth microdilution method against different virulent dermatophytes i.e., Microsporum gypseum, M. canis, M. fulvum, and Trychophyton rubrum. For in vivo evaluation, T. rubrum inoculum was applied on the dorsal surface of each group of Swiss albino mice, and the degree and intensity of mycelial growth or erythema on skin surfaces was visually investigated. The study depicted complete signs of cure after 14 days of application of G3-loaded scaffold on the infected dorsal site. Hence graphene-loaded scaffold represented a possible alternative for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by dermatophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kiran Misra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur 208024, India
| | - Himanshu Pandey
- Center for Teacher Education, Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, Sarnath, Varanasi 221007, India;
| | - Sandip Patil
- E-Spin NanoTech Private Ltd., SIDBI Innovation & Incubation Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India;
| | - Tarun Virmani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Modern Vidya Niketan University, Palwal 121105, India; (R.V.); (G.K.)
| | - Reshu Virmani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Modern Vidya Niketan University, Palwal 121105, India; (R.V.); (G.K.)
| | - Girish Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Modern Vidya Niketan University, Palwal 121105, India; (R.V.); (G.K.)
| | - Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Omar M. Noman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Saad S. Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.A.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.A.); (R.A.M.)
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Hassan N, El-Hawary SS, Emam M, Rabeh MA, Abdelmohsen UR, Selim NM. Potential Inhibitors of CYP51 Enzyme in Dermatophytes by Red Sea Soft Coral Nephthea sp.: In Silico and Molecular Networking Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13808-13817. [PMID: 35559152 PMCID: PMC9088928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the n-hexane fraction of soft coral Nephthea sp. gathered from the Red Sea was evaluated for its antidermatophyte activity. The antidermatophyte activity was performed versus different fungi, including Microsporum canis, Trichophyton gypseum, and Microsporum mentagrophytes, using a broth microdilution method. The n-hexane fraction showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against the tested dermatophytes of 104.2 ± 20.8, 125 ± 0.0, and 83.33 ± 20.83 μg/mL respectively. The chemical constitution of the lipoidal matter (n-hexane fraction) was characterized by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The unsaponifiable fraction (USAP) of Nephthea sp. showed relative percentages of hydrocarbons and vitamins of 69.61% and 3.26%, respectively. Moreover, the percentages of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were 53.67% and 42.05%, respectively. In addition, a molecular networking study (MN) of the GC-MS analysis performed using the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform was described. The molecular docking study illustrated that the highest binding energy score for spathulenol toward the CYP51 enzyme was -8.3674 kcal/mol, which predicted the mode of action of the antifungal activity, and then the results were confirmed by the inhibitory effect of Nephthea sp. against CYP51 with an IC50 value of 12.23 μg/mL. Our results highlighted the antifungal potential of Nephthea sp. metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevine
H. Hassan
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern
University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11571, Egypt
| | - Seham S. El-Hawary
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Emam
- Phytochemistry
and Plant Systematics Department, National
Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Rabeh
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern
University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11571, Egypt
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya
University, 61111 New Minia, Egypt
- Email for U.R.A.:
| | - Nabil M. Selim
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt
- Email for N.M.S.:
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Mohammadpour R, Champour M, Tuteja F, Mostafavi E. Zoonotic implications of camel diseases in Iran. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:359-381. [PMID: 32160657 PMCID: PMC7397890 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 60% of all human pathogens and 75% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic (of animal origin). Camel zoonotic diseases can be encountered in all camel-rearing countries. In this article, all studies carried out on camel zoonotic diseases in Iran are reviewed to show the importance of camels for public health in this country. More than 900 published documents were systematically searched to find relevant studies from 1,890 until late 2018. The collected articles were classified according to the aetiological agents. In this study, 19 important zoonotic diseases were reported among Iranian camels including listeriosis, leptospirosis, plague, Q fever, brucellosis, campylobacteriosis, tuberculosis, pasteurellosis, clostridiosis, salmonellosis, Escherichia coli infections, rabies, camelpox, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, echinococcosis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis and dermatophytosis, most of which belong to bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal pathogens, respectively. Results show that camels are one of the most important sources of infections and diseases in human; therefore, continuous monitoring and inspection programs are necessary to prevent the outbreak of zoonotic diseases caused by this animal in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Mohammadpour
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsResearch Centre for Emerging and Reemerging infectious diseasesPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Mohsen Champour
- Department of Clinical SciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Fateh Tuteja
- National Research Centre on CamelBikanerRajasthanIndia
| | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsResearch Centre for Emerging and Reemerging infectious diseasesPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
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Flores Dalla Lana D, Neiva Lavorato S, Minussi Giuliani L, Cruz L, Lopes W, Henning Vainstein M, Camargo Fontana I, Rigon Zimmer A, Araújo Freitas M, Andrade SF, José Alves R, Meneghello Fuentefria A. Discovery of a novel and selective fungicide that targets fungal cell wall to treat dermatomycoses: 1,3‐bis(3,4‐dichlorophenoxy)propan‐2‐aminium chloride. Mycoses 2019; 63:197-211. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Flores Dalla Lana
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Stefânia Neiva Lavorato
- Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia Bahia Brazil
| | - Laura Minussi Giuliani
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - William Lopes
- Centro de Biotecnologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Igor Camargo Fontana
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Aline Rigon Zimmer
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Murillo Araújo Freitas
- Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia Bahia Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes Andrade
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Alves
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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The interplay among Th17 and T regulatory cells in the immune dysregulation of chronic dermatophytic infection. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103921. [PMID: 31830582 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The delineation of the pathogenic interaction between the host skin immune responses and dermatophytes has remained indigent. The obscure enigma in host-dermatophyte immunopathogenic interactions is the T regulatory (Treg) and T-helper (Th) 17 cell role in maintaining immune homeostasis. We attempted to understand the regulation and recognition of lineage-specific response in chronic dermatophytic skin infection patients. The percentages of Th17 (CD4+CD161+IL23R+) and Treg (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) cell subpopulations in the peripheral circulation of thirty chronic dermatophytic skin infection patients and twenty healthy individuals was determined. The serum cytokine levels were estimated for disease correlation. The mean duration of the disease was 10.68 ± 8.72 months, with Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex as the major pathogen. Total serum IgE level of patients was significantly higher compared to healthy controls (305 ± 117 vs 98.53 ± 54.55 IU/ml; p < 0.01). Expression of Th17 and Treg cell markers on CD4+ T cells was significantly elevated in patients than controls (p < 0.05). Comparatively, serum interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels were increased, with low IL-10 levels in patients. Our data envisages a complex immune dysfunction in chronic dermatophytosis, arising either as a result of dermatophyte exposure or paradoxical precedence of disease establishment. Designing new treatment strategies and preventing recurrences are challenges for future research.
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Dalis JS, Kazeem HM, Kwaga JKP, Kwanashie CN. Prevalence and distribution of dermatophytosis lesions on cattle in Plateau State, Nigeria. Vet World 2019; 12:1484-1490. [PMID: 31749586 PMCID: PMC6813608 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1484-1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dermatophytosis is an infection of the superficial, keratinized structures of the skin, nails, and hair of man and animals caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes in the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. The prevalence of dermatophytosis among cattle in Nigeria and Plateau State, in particular, is yet to be fully determined. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the distribution of dermatophytosis lesions on cattle in Plateau State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and thirty-seven cattle showing visible skin lesions suggestive of dermatophytosis were drawn from nine local government areas (three each) from the three senatorial districts of Plateau State, Nigeria. Skin scrapings were aseptically collected using a cross-sectional study, in which sampling units were selected using purposive sampling method. Samples were processed for both direct microscopic examination and isolation of dermatophytes in culture. The isolates were stained with lactophenol cotton blue and identified microscopically based on the size, shape, and arrangement of macro- and micro-conidia. The dermatophytes were further identified by determining the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of their ribosomal DNA. Data were analyzed and presented as percentages, bar graph, and Chi-square test of association. p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence rate of bovine dermatophytosis in Plateau State was found to be 11.0%. Trichophyton verrucosum was more frequently isolated (54.2%) than Trichophyton mentagrophytes (45.8%). Age, breed, management practice, and season were significantly associated with the occurrence of the disease (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dermatophytosis among cattle may be of public health significance in Plateau State, Nigeria. This is the first report on the prevalence and distribution of dermatophytosis lesions on cattle from Plateau State, Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Dalis
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - H M Kazeem
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - J K P Kwaga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - C N Kwanashie
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Tolnaftate–graphene composite-loaded nanoengineered electrospun scaffolds as efficient therapeutic dressing material for regimen of dermatomycosis. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Graphene “The novel carbon nano-trope” tailors auspicious platform for designing antimicrobial regimen by virtue of its conspicuous molecular interaction with the microorganism. In this work, Tolnaftate (Tf), an antifungal drug, was mingled with Graphene nanoplatelets (Gn) to develop composite (Tf–Gn) via the wet chemical route, embedded in a biocompatible polymeric blend of Eudragit RL100/Eudragit RS100 (EuRL100/EuRS100) and subjected to electrospinning to obtain nonwoven nanoengineered scaffolds (nanofibers) for enhanced anti-dermatophytic virtue. Pursuing cluster of optimization experiments, 20% w/v EuRL100/EuRS 100 was found to be adequate for formation of smooth, defect-free, and regular fibers. Field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) acknowledged zestfully fabrication of smooth, shiny, nano-range, and mesh-like architecture, comprising distinct pockets within their structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) conceded formation of the composite Tf–Gn, its physical compatibility with polymers, and improved thermal behavior. Exceptional swelling capacity, significant hydrophilicity, and immense drug entrapment efficiency were obtained of nanofibers fabricated from 3:1 ratio of EuRL100/EuRS100 polymers blend owing to relatively higher permeability which gratified essential benchmark for fabrication of nanofibrous scaffold to alleviate fungal infections caused by dermatophytes. In vitro drug release interpreted controlled liberation of Tf in dissolution media, following Korsmeyer–Peppas model kinetics, and suggested a diffusion-based mechanism. Microdilution broth method was performed for in vitro antifungal efficacy against extremely devastating dermatophytes, i.e., anthropophilic Trichophyton rubrum and zoophilic Microsporum canis, exhibited preeminent growth inhibition against T.rubrum and scanty for M.canis. Findings revealed the superior antifungal activity of Tf–Gn-loaded nanofibers as compared to Tf-loaded nanofibers and recommended potential dressing materials for an effective regimen of dermatomycosis.
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Nosratabadi M, Kordbacheh P, Kachuei R, Safara M, Rezaie S, Afshari MA. Isolation of keratinophilic fungi from the soil of islands of Greater Tunb, Abu-Musa and Sirri, Persian Gulf, Iran. Curr Med Mycol 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/cmm.3.2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Kumawat TK, Sharma A, Bhadauria S. Biodegradation of Keratinous Waste Substrates by Arthroderma multifidum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajaps.2016.106.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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