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Nik-Nasir NM, Md-Yasin M, Ariffin F, Mat-Nasir N, Miskan M, Abu-Bakar N, Yusoff K. Physical Activity in Malaysia: Are We Doing Enough? Findings from the REDISCOVER Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16888. [PMID: 36554769 PMCID: PMC9779816 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) in the form of structured or unstructured exercise is beneficial for health. This paper aims to study PA levels across four domains according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and its associated factors. A total of 7479 Malaysian adult participants between 18 to 90 years old from the REDISCOVER study who completed the IPAQ were analyzed. PA was calculated as MET-min per week and were categorized according to insufficiently active, sufficiently active and very active. Multinomial regression was used to determine the association between sociodemographic, clinical factors and the level of PA. The mean age of the participants was 51.68 (±9.5 SD). The total reported physical activity in median (IQR) was 1584.0 (0-5637.3) MET-min per week. The highest total for PA was in the domestic domain which is 490 (0-2400) MET-min per week. Factors associated with sufficiently active or very active PA include Malay ethnicity, no formal education, elementary occupation, current smokers and high HDL. Whereas low income, male and normal BMI are less likely to participate in sufficiently active or very active PA. Intervention to encourage higher PA levels in all domains is important to achieve recommended PA targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Munirah Nik-Nasir
- Primary Care Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | - Mazapuspavina Md-Yasin
- Primary Care Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | - Farnaza Ariffin
- Primary Care Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | - Nafiza Mat-Nasir
- Primary Care Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | - Maizatullifah Miskan
- Primary Care Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Najmin Abu-Bakar
- Centre for Translational Research and Epidemiology (CenTRE), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Yusoff
- Centre for Translational Research and Epidemiology (CenTRE), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
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West AB, Bomysoad RN, Russell MA, Conroy DE. Daily Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Alcohol Use in At-Risk College Students. Ann Behav Med 2021; 56:712-725. [PMID: 34559180 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The college years present an opportunity to establish health behavior patterns that can track across adulthood. Health behaviors tend to cluster synergistically however, physical activity and alcohol have shown a positive association. PURPOSE This study applied a multi-method approach to estimate between- and within-person associations between daily physical activity, sedentary behavior and alcohol use among polysubstance-using college students. METHODS Participants were screened for recent binge drinking and either tobacco or cannabis use. They wore an activPAL4 activity monitor and a Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitor continuously in the field for 11 days, and completed daily online questionnaires at the beginning of each day to report previous day physical activity, sedentary behavior, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS Participants (N = 58, Mage = 20.5 years, 59% women, 69% White) reported meeting national aerobic physical activity guidelines (75%) and drinking 2-4 times in the past month (72%). On days when participants reported an hour more than usual of daily sedentary behavior, they reported drinking for less time than usual (γ = -.06). On days when participants took 1,000 more steps than usual, the longest episode of continuous transdermal alcohol detection was shorter (γ = -.03). CONCLUSIONS Daily physical activity and sedentary behavior were negatively associated with time-based measures of alcohol use with the lowest risk on days characterized by both activity and sedentary behavior. Intensive longitudinal monitoring of time-based processes can provide new insights into risk in multiple behavior change and should be prioritized for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B West
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Rachel N Bomysoad
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Psychology Department, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Michael A Russell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Predictors of Adherence to Lifestyle Recommendations in Stroke Secondary Prevention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094666. [PMID: 33925718 PMCID: PMC8124907 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The risk of recurrent vascular events is high following ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Unmanaged modifiable risk factors present opportunities for enhanced secondary prevention. This cross-sectional study (n = 142 individuals post-ischaemic stroke/TIA; mean age 63 years, 70% male) describes adherence rates with risk-reducing behaviours and logistical regression models of behaviour adherence. Predictor variables used in the models com-prised age, sex, stroke/TIA status, aetiology (TOAST), modified Rankin Scale, cardiovascular fit-ness (VO2peak) measured as peak oxygen uptake during incremental exercise (L/min) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS). Of the study participants, 84% abstained from smoking; 54% consumed ≥ 5 portions of fruit and vegetables/day; 31% engaged in 30 min moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at least 3 times/week and 18% were adherent to all three behaviours. VO2peak was the only variable predictive of adherence to all three health behaviours (aOR 12.1; p = 0.01) and to MVPA participation (aOR 7.5; p = 0.01). Increased age (aOR 1.1; p = 0.03) and lower HADS scores (aOR 0.9; p = 0.02) were predictive of smoking abstinence. Men were less likely to consume fruit and vegetables (aOR 0.36; p = 0.04). Targeted secondary prevention interventions after stroke should address cardiovascular fitness training for MVPA and combined health behaviours; management of psychological distress in persistent smokers and consider environmental and social factors in dietary interventions, notably in men.
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Khan MSR, Putthinun P, Watanapongvanich S, Yuktadatta P, Uddin MA, Kadoya Y. Do Financial Literacy and Financial Education Influence Smoking Behavior in the United States? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2579. [PMID: 33806645 PMCID: PMC7967511 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is still a serious economic, health, and social problem despite various efforts to curb its prevalence. We examined the influence of financial literacy and financial education on the smoking behavior in the United States in terms of the use of rational decision-making abilities to reduce irrational behavior. We hypothesized that financial literacy and financial education, as proxies for rational decision making, would reduce the likelihood of smoking. We used data from the Preference Parameters Study (PPS) of Osaka University conducted in the United States in 2010 and applied probit regression models to test our hypothesis on a sample of 3831 individuals. We found that financially literate people are less likely to be smokers, though we found no clear role of financial education in reducing the likelihood of smoking. Further, respondents' gender, age, unemployment status, and risky health behaviors such as drinking and gambling, have a significantly positive association with smoking, while marital status, university degree, family size, household income, household assets, physical exercise, and level of happiness have a significantly negative association. Our findings suggest that financial literacy, as an instrument encouraging rational decision making, could be a tool to help reduce smoking in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Saidur Rahim Khan
- School of Economics, Hiroshima University, 1-2-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8525, Japan; (P.P.); (S.W.); (P.Y.); (Y.K.)
| | - Pongpat Putthinun
- School of Economics, Hiroshima University, 1-2-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8525, Japan; (P.P.); (S.W.); (P.Y.); (Y.K.)
| | - Somtip Watanapongvanich
- School of Economics, Hiroshima University, 1-2-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8525, Japan; (P.P.); (S.W.); (P.Y.); (Y.K.)
| | - Pattaphol Yuktadatta
- School of Economics, Hiroshima University, 1-2-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8525, Japan; (P.P.); (S.W.); (P.Y.); (Y.K.)
| | - Md. Azad Uddin
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan;
| | - Yoshihiko Kadoya
- School of Economics, Hiroshima University, 1-2-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8525, Japan; (P.P.); (S.W.); (P.Y.); (Y.K.)
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Watanapongvanich S, Khan MSR, Putthinun P, Ono S, Kadoya Y. Financial Literacy, Financial Education, and Smoking Behavior: Evidence From Japan. Front Public Health 2021; 8:612976. [PMID: 33520921 PMCID: PMC7844398 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.612976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examine the relationship between financial literacy, financial education, and smoking behavior among the Japanese population. We hypothesize that financially literate and financially educated people, who have the ability to make more rational decisions, are less likely to smoke. Using the Preference Parameters Study of Osaka University, conducted in 2010 (N = 3,706), the probit regression results show that both financial literacy (with an emphasis on knowledge of investments) and financial education (with an emphasis on savings behavior) have a significant negative impact on smoking behavior. In addition, gender, age, education, marital status, household income and assets, risky behaviors, a myopic view of the future, risk preference, and level of happiness also significantly predict the likelihood of a person being a current smoker. This study provides empirical evidence that enhancing the rational decision-making ability of individuals through financial literacy and financial education may curtail smoking behavior.
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Masiero M, Keyworth H, Pravettoni G, Cropley M, Bailey A. Short Bouts of Physical Activity Are Associated with Reduced Smoking Withdrawal Symptoms, but Perceptions of Intensity May Be the Key. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:E425. [PMID: 33114145 PMCID: PMC7712184 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a short bout (10 min) of moderate-intensity exercise to reduce withdrawal symptomatology, craving and negative affect; while the secondary aim was to assess how the effectiveness of a short bout of moderate exercise can be modulated by the perception of intensity in physically active and low-activity smokers. Fifty low-activity and physically active smokers were recruited (24 male and 26 female) and randomized in three different conditions. Prescribed (objective) moderate intensity (OBJ) and perceived moderate intensity (PER), and passive waiting (PW). After the intervention (T3), smokers reported less desire to smoke in the PER (p < 0.001) and OBJ (p < 0.001) conditions, relative to the PW condition. At T3 smokers in the PER condition reported less negative affect than smokers in the PW condition relative to the baseline (T1) (p < 0.007). Further, smokers in the PER condition reported less negative affect than smokers in the PW condition (p < 0.048). Physically active (PA) smokers perceived less exertion than low-activity (LA) smokers, and the effects were stronger in the PER condition relative to OBJ. Generally, our results suggest that a short bout of moderate exercise helps both LA and PA smokers. These findings provided a novel insight into the psychological mechanisms that affect the efficacy of the exercise in smoking cessation and suggest that exercise should be tailored according to individual perception of intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Masiero
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Helen Keyworth
- School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK;
| | - Alexis Bailey
- School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK;
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
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West AB, Bittel KM, Russell MA, Evans MB, Mama SK, Conroy DE. A systematic review of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and substance use in adolescents and emerging adults. Transl Behav Med 2020; 10:1155-1167. [PMID: 33044536 PMCID: PMC7549408 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from adolescence into emerging adulthood is marked by changes in both physical activity and substance use. This systematic review characterized associations between movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior) and frequently used substances (alcohol, cannabis) among adolescents and emerging adults to inform lifestyle interventions that target multiple behavior change outcomes. This systematic review was guided by PRISMA. Electronic databases of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched from inception through June 25, 2019. The search was designed to identify empirical studies reporting an association between physical activity or sedentary behavior and alcohol or cannabis, with search criteria determining eligibility based on several sampling characteristics (e.g., participants under 25 years of age). After identifying and screening 5,610 studies, data were extracted from 97 studies. Physical activity was positively associated with alcohol use among emerging adults, but the literature was mixed among adolescents. Sedentary behavior was positively associated with alcohol and cannabis use among adolescents, but evidence was limited among emerging adults. Self-report measures were used in all but one study to assess these behaviors. Physical activity is linked to greater alcohol use among emerging adults. Whereas existing studies demonstrate that sedentary behavior might serve as a risk marker for alcohol and cannabis use among adolescents, additional primary research is needed to explore these associations in emerging adults. Future work should also use device-based measures to account for timing of and contextual features surrounding activity and substance use in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B West
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kelsey M Bittel
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Russell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - M Blair Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Scherezade K Mama
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Lespine LF, Plenevaux A, Tirelli E. Wheel-running exercise before and during gestation against acute and sensitized cocaine psychomotor-activation in offspring. Behav Brain Res 2019; 363:53-60. [PMID: 30703395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While animal research has consistently reported preventive effects of exercise against drug abuse vulnerability, little is known about the influence of the developmental stage during which exercise is displayed on addictive drugs responsiveness. This study aimed to determine whether prenatal exercise could attenuate acute cocaine reactivity and psychomotor sensitization in youth offspring. We used a split-plot factorial design where C57BL/6 J females were randomly assigned into sedentary or exercised (wheel-running) conditions before and during gestation, the wheels being removed on gestational day 18. Offspring were weaned, gendered and individually housed on 24-28 days old. At 38-42 days old, they were tested for their acute psychomotor responsiveness to 8 mg/kg cocaine and their initiation of sensitization over 8 additional once-daily administrations, the long-term expression of sensitization occurring 30 days later. Adolescent females born from exercised mothers were much less responsive to the acute psychomotor-stimulating effect of cocaine than those born from sedentary mothers (d = 0.75, p = 0.02), whereas there was no evidence for such a difference in males (d = 0.34, p = 0.17). However, we did not find sizeable attenuating effects of prenatal exercise on the initiation and the long-term expression of the psychomotor-activating effect of cocaine, in either sex (Cohen's ds varying from -0.13 to 0.39). These results suggest that prenatal exercise may induce initial protection against cocaine responsiveness in youth females, a finding that warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Ferdinand Lespine
- Université de Liège, Département de Psychologie, Quartier Agora - Place des orateurs, 2 (B32), 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Alain Plenevaux
- Université de Liège, Département de Psychologie, Quartier Agora - Place des orateurs, 2 (B32), 4000 Liège, Belgium; Université de Liège, Département de Chimie, Quartier Agora - Allée du 6 Août, 8 (B30), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ezio Tirelli
- Université de Liège, Département de Psychologie, Quartier Agora - Place des orateurs, 2 (B32), 4000 Liège, Belgium
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The effects of self-regulation strategies following moderate intensity exercise on ad libitum smoking. Addict Behav 2018; 87:109-114. [PMID: 30005332 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the present study was to examine whether self-regulation strategies can further extend the effect of moderate intensity exercise on smoking delay. METHOD Participants were 40 adult smokers who were randomly assigned into two groups: control and self-regulation. A repeated measures design was adopted including a neutral condition (20 min video) and an exercise condition (20 min moderate intensity exercise). RESULTS The results showed that smoking delay increased significantly for both groups; however, the increase for the self-regulation group was significantly larger than that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results support the anti-smoking effects of acute exercise; furthermore, they highlight the usefulness of self-regulation strategies, and in particular goal setting, in extending smoking delay. The present findings provide important evidence for the exercise and smoking literature and useful directions for the development of smoking cessation interventions.
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Gubelmann C, Antiochos P, Vollenweider P, Marques-Vidal P. Association of activity behaviours and patterns with cardiovascular risk factors in Swiss middle-aged adults: The CoLaus study. Prev Med Rep 2018; 11:31-36. [PMID: 29984135 PMCID: PMC6030388 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of the combination between physical activity (PA) and sedentary (SE) levels on cardiovascular health is poorly known. We assessed the association of activity behaviours and patterns with cardiovascular risk factors in the general population (The CoLaus study, Switzerland, 2014–2017). 2605 adults (54.4% women, age range 45–86 years) had PA and SE levels measured for 14 days using wrist-worn accelerometry. Four activity behaviours: “Couch potato”: low PA & high SE; “Light mover”: low PA & low SE; “Sedentary exerciser”: high PA & high SE, and “Busy bee”: high PA & low SE; and three activity patterns: “Inactive”, “Weekend warrior”, and “Regularly active” were defined. Smoking, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes were assessed. Relative to ‘Couch potatoes', ‘Sedentary exercisers' and ‘Busy bees' had a lower likelihood of smoking: Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.40 (0.27–0.61) and 0.62 (0.47–0.81), obesity: 0.43 (0.29–0.63) and 0.41 (0.31–0.54), and diabetes: 0.53 (0.30–0.95) and 0.62 (0.42–0.89), respectively. Relative to ‘Inactives', ‘Weekend warriors' and ‘Regularly actives' had a lower likelihood of smoking: 0.58 (0.43–0.78) and 0.56 (0.44–0.72), obesity: 0.41 (0.30–0.56) and 0.41 (0.32–0.53), hypertension: 0.66 (0.51–0.85) and 0.72 (0.59–0.89), and diabetes: 0.61 (0.38–0.98) and 0.60 (0.42–0.86), respectively. High PA is associated with a favourable cardiovascular risk profile, even when concomitant with high SE or when PA is concentrated on weekends. These findings suggest that being “Sedentary exerciser” or “Weekend warrior” might be sufficient to prevent cardiovascular disease. Association of activity behaviours and patterns with cardiovascular risk profile 2605 adults from general population assessed by 14-day accelerometry. Active individuals had better profile even when highly sedentary. Active individuals had better profile even when activity concentrated on weekends. Sedentary exerciser, Weekend warrior may be enough for cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Gubelmann
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Panagiotis Antiochos
- Heart and Vessels Department, Division of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
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Kolovelonis A, Goudas M, Theodorakis Y. Examining the Effectiveness of the Smoking Prevention Program "I Do Not Smoke, I Exercise" in Elementary and Secondary School Settings. Health Promot Pract 2016; 17:827-835. [PMID: 27230594 DOI: 10.1177/1524839916651400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of the smoking prevention program "I do not smoke, I exercise" implemented with elementary and secondary school students. "I do not smoke, I exercise" is a theory-based smoking prevention program that promotes exercise as an alternative of smoking. The program consists of eight sessions implemented weekly. Participants were 338 Greek students (135 elementary and 203 secondary students) who were pre- and posttested in smoking, program, and exercise-related measures. The results showed that the program had significant effects on elementary students' attitudes toward smoking, intention to smoke, subjective norms, attitudes toward the application of the program, and knowledge about the health consequences of smoking. For secondary students, significant effects were found on students' perceived behavioral control and knowledge about the health consequences of smoking, while very few students reported a smoking experience before and after the intervention. Therefore the program "I do not smoke, I exercise" may have positive effects on variables related with smoking behavior. Differences in the program's impact on elementary and secondary students were identified. All these are discussed with reference to the need of implementing smoking prevention programs in schools contexts.
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