1
|
Revilla R, Nelson CM, Friedman NR, Braun SS, Hudac CM. Frontal alpha asymmetry predicts subsequent social decision-making: A dynamic multilevel, neural, and developmental perspective. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 69:101434. [PMID: 39121642 PMCID: PMC11363728 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Social motivation, the human desire to engage with others, is likely to underlie higher levels of social cognition and the formation of interpersonal relationships. Yet, this topic has been understudied in adolescents despite the critical developmental and maturational changes that occur during this period and the relevance of social motivation to clinical and neurodevelopmental disorders. Using electroencephalography (EEG) and an implicit-association paradigm (Choose-A-Movie Task; Dubey et al., 2015), we examined how brain responses underlying socially motivated decisions informed future decisions in 54 youth (aged 10-14 years) and 50 young adults (aged 18-33 years). As the first study to use this task during EEG recording, we implemented time-frequency analyses and a trial-by-trial dynamic statistical approach. Results suggested that both age groups preferred low-effort choices and increasingly preferred nonsocial choices over time. P3 amplitude also increased over time and was sensitive to effortful decisions, particularly for adults, but not social content. Both groups showed larger leftward frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) during nonsocial feedback, and FAA predicted future decisions differently for adults than youth. The current study highlights FAA and trial-by-trial analyses as useful tools in understanding the neural mechanisms underlying socially motivated decisions, which differ across development, time, and individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Revilla
- University of South Carolina, Department of Psychology, 1512 Pendleton Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, 1800 Gervais Street, Columbia, SC 29201, USA
| | - Cailee M Nelson
- University of South Carolina, Department of Psychology, 1512 Pendleton Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, 1800 Gervais Street, Columbia, SC 29201, USA; University of South Carolina, Carolina Autism and Neurodevelopment Research Center, 1800 Gervais Street, Columbia, SC 29201, USA
| | - Nicole R Friedman
- University of Alabama, Department of Psychology and Center for Youth Development and Intervention, 745 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
| | - Summer S Braun
- University of Alabama, Department of Psychology and Center for Youth Development and Intervention, 745 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
| | - Caitlin M Hudac
- University of South Carolina, Department of Psychology, 1512 Pendleton Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, 1800 Gervais Street, Columbia, SC 29201, USA; University of South Carolina, Carolina Autism and Neurodevelopment Research Center, 1800 Gervais Street, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Klęczek K, Rice A, Alimardani M. Robots as Mental Health Coaches: A Study of Emotional Responses to Technology-Assisted Stress Management Tasks Using Physiological Signals. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4032. [PMID: 39000810 PMCID: PMC11243909 DOI: 10.3390/s24134032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effectiveness of social robots in facilitating stress management interventions for university students by evaluating their physiological responses. We collected electroencephalogram (EEG) brain activity and Galvanic Skin Responses (GSRs) together with self-reported questionnaires from two groups of students who practiced a deep breathing exercise either with a social robot or a laptop. From GSR signals, we obtained the change in participants' arousal level throughout the intervention, and from the EEG signals, we extracted the change in their emotional valence using the neurometric of Frontal Alpha Asymmetry (FAA). While subjective perceptions of stress and user experience did not differ significantly between the two groups, the physiological signals revealed differences in their emotional responses as evaluated by the arousal-valence model. The Laptop group tended to show a decrease in arousal level which, in some cases, was accompanied by negative valence indicative of boredom or lack of interest. On the other hand, the Robot group displayed two patterns; some demonstrated a decrease in arousal with positive valence indicative of calmness and relaxation, and others showed an increase in arousal together with positive valence interpreted as excitement. These findings provide interesting insights into the impact of social robots as mental well-being coaches on students' emotions particularly in the presence of the novelty effect. Additionally, they provide evidence for the efficacy of physiological signals as an objective and reliable measure of user experience in HRI settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Klęczek
- Faculty of Humanities, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andra Rice
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Maryam Alimardani
- Departement of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zsigo C, Greimel E, Primbs R, Bartling J, Schulte-Körne G, Feldmann L. Frontal alpha asymmetry during emotion regulation in adults with lifetime major depression. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:552-566. [PMID: 38302819 PMCID: PMC11078823 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) often is impaired in current or remitted major depression (MD), although the extent of the deficits is not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) could be a promising electrophysiological measure to investigate ER. The purpose of this study was to investigate ER differences between participants with lifetime major depression (lifetime MD) and healthy controls (HC) for the first time in an experimental task by using FAA. We compared lifetime MD (n = 34) and HC (n = 25) participants aged 18-24 years in (a) an active ER condition, in which participants were instructed to reappraise negative images and (b) a condition in which they attended to the images while an EEG was recorded. We also report FAA results from an independent sample of adolescents with current MD (n = 36) and HC adolescents (n = 38). In the main sample, both groups were able to decrease self-reported negative affect in response to negative images through ER, without significant group differences. We found no differences between groups or conditions in FAA, which was replicated within the independent adolescent sample. The lifetime MD group also reported less adaptive ER in daily life and higher difficulty of ER during the task. The lack of differences between in self-reported affect and FAA between lifetime MD and HC groups in the active ER task indicates that lifetime MD participants show no impairments when instructed to apply an adaptive ER strategy. Implications for interventional aspects are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Zsigo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ellen Greimel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Regine Primbs
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bartling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Feldmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao L, Wang K, Yang Q, Lu Y. The role of the target language culture on Arabic learners' fondness for Arabic poetry. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1310343. [PMID: 38756491 PMCID: PMC11098280 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1310343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
As an important carrier of culture, poetry plays a significant role in deepening language learners' understanding of the target language culture as well as enhancing their language skills; however, the effect of the target language culture on language learners' enjoyment of poetry remains unclear. The study served as an attempt to shed light on the point of whether the target language culture has different effects on high- and low-level Chinese Arabic learners' fondness for Arabic poetry with the use of pictures related to Arabic culture and those not related to Arabic culture. In the current study, 40 Arabic learners (20 high-level and 20 low-level) scored the Arabic poem line based on their fondness for it after viewing two kinds of picture with electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. Frontal alpha asymmetry index as a correlate of approach and avoidance related motivation measured by EEG power in the alpha band (8-13 Hz) was calculated for examining whether the behavioral results of Arabic learners' fondness for poetry are in line with the results of changes in the related EEG components. Behavioral results illustrated that low-level subjects showed significantly less liking for Arabic poetry after viewing pictures related to Arabic culture compared to those not related to Arabic culture. The high-level subjects did not show a significant difference in the level of liking for Arabic poetry between the two cases. FAA results demonstrated that low-level subjects presented a significant avoidance-related responses to Arabic poetry after viewing pictures related to Arabic culture in comparison to viewing pictures not related to Arabic culture; while the FAA values did not differ significantly between the two cases in high-level subjects, which is in line with behavioral results. The findings of this research can benefit teachers in motivating students to learn poetry in foreign language curriculum and also contribute to the literature on the effect of target language culture on language learners' enjoyment of poetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Institute of Corpus Studies and Applications, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Arabic, School of Asian and African Studies, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Arabic, School of Asian and African Studies, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Lu
- Department of Arabic, School of Asian and African Studies, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Swider-Cios E, Turk E, Levy J, Beeghly M, Vroomen J, van den Heuvel MI. The association of maternal-infant interactive behavior, dyadic frontal alpha asymmetry, and maternal anxiety in a smartphone-adapted still face paradigm. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 66:101352. [PMID: 38310719 PMCID: PMC10847859 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mother-infant interactions form a strong basis for emotion regulation development in infants. These interactions can be affected by various factors, including maternal postnatal anxiety. Electroencephalography (EEG) hyperscanning allows for simultaneous assessment of mother-infant brain-to-behavior association during stressful events, such as the still-face paradigm (SFP). This study aimed at investigating dyadic interactive behavior and brain-to-behavior association across SFP and identifying neural correlates of mother-infant interactions in the context of maternal postnatal anxiety. We measured frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA), a physiological correlate of emotion regulation and a potential marker of risk for psychopathology. To emulate real-life interactions, EEG and behavioral data were collected from 38 mother-infant dyads during a smartphone-adapted dual-SFP. Although the behavioral data showed a clear still-face effect for the smartphone-adapted SFP, this was not reflected in the infant or maternal FAA. Brain-to-behavior data showed higher infant negative affect being associated with more infant leftward FAA during the still-face episodes. Finally, mothers with higher postnatal anxiety showed more right FAA during the first still-face episode, suggesting negative affectivity and a need to withdraw from the situation. Our results form a baseline for further research assessing the effects of maternal postnatal anxiety on infants' FAA and dyadic interactive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Swider-Cios
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Elise Turk
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Levy
- Department of Criminology and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002 Israel; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Rakentajanaukio 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marjorie Beeghly
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave, Detroit, USA
| | - Jean Vroomen
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Marion I van den Heuvel
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharpley CF, Evans ID, Bitsika V, Arnold WM, Jesulola E, Agnew LL. Frontal Alpha Asymmetry Argues for the Heterogeneity of Psychological Resilience. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1354. [PMID: 37759955 PMCID: PMC10526132 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) and Psychological Resilience (PR), although in different ways. Only cursory attention has been given to how these three constructs interact despite the possible clinical and research implications of those associations. One limitation of recent research into these associations has been conceptualising PR as a unitary construct, whereas it has been shown to be multi-component. This study investigated the underlying components of PR, their correlations with FAA, and the effect that participants' depressive status had upon those correlations in a community sample of 54 males and 46 females aged between 18 yr and 75 years. Results confirmed the overall inverse association between total PR and depression for four of the original five PR components and for one of the two components found in this sample. Similarly, there were differences between the ways that FAA and PR components were associated, depending upon the depressive status of participants. Source localisation data indicated that the PR components were not uniformly correlated with alpha activity in the same brain regions. These findings of content, efficacy, and neurophysiological differences between the five components of PR and their associations with FAA argue against consideration of PR as a unitary construct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F. Sharpley
- Brain-Behavior Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (I.D.E.); (V.B.); (W.M.A.); (E.J.)
- School of Science & Technology, University of New England, Queen Elizabeth Drive, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Ian D. Evans
- Brain-Behavior Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (I.D.E.); (V.B.); (W.M.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Vicki Bitsika
- Brain-Behavior Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (I.D.E.); (V.B.); (W.M.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Wayne M. Arnold
- Brain-Behavior Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (I.D.E.); (V.B.); (W.M.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Emmanuel Jesulola
- Brain-Behavior Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (I.D.E.); (V.B.); (W.M.A.); (E.J.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 4222, Australia
| | - Linda L. Agnew
- Brain-Behavior Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (I.D.E.); (V.B.); (W.M.A.); (E.J.)
- Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4222, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
López-Castro T, Martin L, Nickley S, Saraiya TC, Melara RD. Frontal Alpha Asymmetry in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Group Differences Among Individuals With and Without PTSD During an Inhibitory Control Task. Clin EEG Neurosci 2023; 54:472-482. [PMID: 34657474 PMCID: PMC9022109 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211046703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) as a marker of approach- and avoidance-related prefrontal activity in participants with and without trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We investigated FAA in an inhibitory control paradigm (threatening vs nonthreatening cues) under 2 levels of cognitive demand (baseline: images constant within a block of trials; vs filtering: images varied randomly within a block) in 3 groups of participants: individuals with PTSD (n = 16), exposed to trauma but without PTSD (n = 14), and a control group without PTSD or trauma exposure (n = 15). Under low demand (baseline), both PTSD and trauma-exposed participants exhibited significantly greater relative left than right frontal brain activity (approach) to threatening than to nonthreatening images. Under high demand (filtering), no FAA differences were found between threatening and nonthreatening images, but PTSD participants revealed more relative left than right FAA, whereas trauma-exposed participants showed reduced left relative right FAA. In all conditions, healthy controls exhibited reduced left relative to right FAA and no differences between threatening and nonthreatening images. Study findings suggest dysfunctional prefrontal mechanisms of emotion regulation in PTSD, but adaptive prefrontal regulation in trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa López-Castro
- Psychology Department, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10032
| | - Laura Martin
- George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, 22030
| | - Sean Nickley
- Psychology Department, Long Island University, 1 University Plaza, H811, Brooklyn, NY 11201
| | - Tanya C. Saraiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Robert D. Melara
- Psychology Department, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10032
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mouri FI, Valderrama CE, Camorlinga SG. Identifying relevant asymmetry features of EEG for emotion processing. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1217178. [PMID: 37663334 PMCID: PMC10469865 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1217178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The left and right hemispheres of the brain process emotion differently. Neuroscientists have proposed two models to explain this difference. The first model states that the right hemisphere is dominant over the left to process all emotions. In contrast, the second model states that the left hemisphere processes positive emotions, whereas the right hemisphere processes negative emotions. Previous studies have used these asymmetry models to enhance the classification of emotions in machine learning models. However, little research has been conducted to explore how machine learning models can help identify associations between hemisphere asymmetries and emotion processing. To address this gap, we conducted two experiments using a subject-independent approach to explore how the asymmetry of the brain hemispheres is involved in processing happiness, sadness, fear, and neutral emotions. We analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from 15 subjects collected while they watched video clips evoking these four emotions. We derived asymmetry features from the recorded EEG signals by calculating the log ratio between the relative energy of symmetrical left and right nodes. Using the asymmetry features, we trained four binary logistic regressions, one for each emotion, to identify which features were more relevant to the predictions. The average AUC-ROC across the 15 subjects was 56.2, 54.6, 51.6, and 58.4% for neutral, sad, fear, and happy, respectively. We validated these results with an independent dataset, achieving comparable AUC-ROC values. Our results showed that brain lateralization was observed primarily in the alpha frequency bands, whereas for the other frequency bands, both hemispheres were involved in emotion processing. Furthermore, the logistic regression analysis indicated that the gamma and alpha bands were the most relevant for predicting emotional states, particularly for the lateral frontal, parietal, and temporal EEG pairs, such as FT7-FT8, T7-T8, and TP7-TP8. These findings provide valuable insights into which brain areas and frequency bands need to be considered when developing predictive models for emotion recognition.
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang C, Butterworth JW, Finley AJ, Angus DJ, Sedikides C, Kelley NJ. There is a party in my head and no one is invited: Resting-state electrocortical activity and solitude. J Pers 2023. [PMID: 37577862 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE What are the motivational underpinnings of solitude? We know from self-report studies that increases in solitude are associated with drops in approach motivation and rises in avoidance motivation, but only when solitude is experienced as non-self-determined (i.e., non-autonomous). However, the extent to which individual differences in solitude relate to neurophysiological markers of approach-avoidance motivation derived from resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) is unknown. These markers are Frontal Alpha Asymmetry, beta suppression, and midline Posterior versus Frontal EEG Theta Activity. METHOD We assessed the relation among individual differences in the reasons for solitude (i.e., preference for solitude, motivation for solitude), approach-avoidance motivation, and resting-state EEG markers of approach-avoidance motivation (N = 115). RESULTS General preference for solitude was negatively related to approach motivation, observed in both self-reported measures and EEG markers of approach motivation. Self-determined solitude was positively related to both self-reported approach motivation and avoidance motivation in the social domain (i.e., friendship). Non-self-determined solitude was negatively associated with self-reported avoidance motivation. CONCLUSION This research was a preliminary attempt to address the neurophysiological underpinnings of solitude in the context of motivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Huang
- Centre for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - James W Butterworth
- Centre for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anna J Finley
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Douglas J Angus
- School of Psychology, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Constantine Sedikides
- Centre for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicholas J Kelley
- Centre for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Giorgi A, Menicocci S, Forte M, Ferrara V, Mingione M, Alaimo Di Loro P, Inguscio BMS, Ferrara S, Babiloni F, Vozzi A, Ronca V, Cartocci G. Virtual and Reality: A Neurophysiological Pilot Study of the Sarcophagus of the Spouses. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040635. [PMID: 37190600 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Art experience is not solely the observation of artistic objects, but great relevance is also placed on the environment in which the art experience takes place, often in museums and galleries. Interestingly, in the last few years, the introduction of some forms of virtual reality (VR) in museum contexts has been increasing. This has solicited enormous research interest in investigating any eventual differences between looking at the same artifact either in a real context (e.g. a museum) and in VR. To address such a target, a neuroaesthetic study was performed in which electroencephalography (EEG) and autonomic signals (heart rate and skin conductance) were recorded during the observation of the Etruscan artifact "Sarcophagus of the Spouses", both in the museum and in a VR reproduction. Results from EEG analysis showed a higher level of the Workload Index during observation in the museum compared to VR (p = 0.04), while the Approach-Withdrawal Index highlighted increased levels during the observation in VR compared to the observation in the museum (p = 0.03). Concerning autonomic indices, the museum elicited a higher Emotional Index response than the VR (p = 0.03). Overall, preliminary results suggest a higher engagement potential of the museum compared to VR, although VR could also favour higher embodiment than the museum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giorgi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, SAIMLAL Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- BrainSigns Ltd., 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Menicocci
- BrainSigns Ltd., 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Forte
- Department of Classical Studies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Vincenza Ferrara
- Art and Medical Humanities Lab, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mingione
- Department of Political Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00145 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Alaimo Di Loro
- Department of Law, Economics, Politics and Modern Languages, Libera Università Maria SS. Assunta (LUMSA), 00192 Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Serena Inguscio
- BrainSigns Ltd., 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Babiloni
- BrainSigns Ltd., 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Alessia Vozzi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, SAIMLAL Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- BrainSigns Ltd., 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ronca
- BrainSigns Ltd., 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cartocci
- BrainSigns Ltd., 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xie Z, Pan J, Li S, Ren J, Qian S, Ye Y, Bao W. Musical Emotions Recognition Using Entropy Features and Channel Optimization Based on EEG. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1735. [PMID: 36554139 PMCID: PMC9777832 DOI: 10.3390/e24121735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic of music is an important factor to arouse emotional experience, but current research mainly uses short-term artificial stimulus materials, which cannot effectively awaken complex emotions and reflect their dynamic brain response. In this paper, we used three long-term stimulus materials with many dynamic emotions inside: the "Waltz No. 2" containing pleasure and excitement, the "No. 14 Couplets" containing excitement, briskness, and nervousness, and the first movement of "Symphony No. 5 in C minor" containing passion, relaxation, cheerfulness, and nervousness. Approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) were applied to extract the non-linear features of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals under long-term dynamic stimulation, and the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) method was used to recognize emotions. Further, a supervised feature vector dimensionality reduction method was proposed. Firstly, the optimal channel set for each subject was obtained by using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and then the number of times to select each channel in the optimal channel set of all subjects was counted. If the number was greater than or equal to the threshold, it was a common channel suitable for all subjects. The recognition results based on the optimal channel set demonstrated that each accuracy of two categories of emotions based on "Waltz No. 2" and three categories of emotions based on "No. 14 Couplets" was generally above 80%, respectively, and the recognition accuracy of four categories based on the first movement of "Symphony No. 5 in C minor" was about 70%. The recognition accuracy based on the common channel set was about 10% lower than that based on the optimal channel set, but not much different from that based on the whole channel set. This result suggested that the common channel could basically reflect the universal features of the whole subjects while realizing feature dimension reduction. The common channels were mainly distributed in the frontal lobe, central region, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe. The channel number distributed in the frontal lobe was greater than the ones in other regions, indicating that the frontal lobe was the main emotional response region. Brain region topographic map based on the common channel set showed that there were differences in entropy intensity between different brain regions of the same emotion and the same brain region of different emotions. The number of times to select each channel in the optimal channel set of all 30 subjects showed that the principal component channels representing five brain regions were Fp1/F3 in the frontal lobe, CP5 in the central region, Pz in the parietal lobe, O2 in the occipital lobe, and T8 in the temporal lobe, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zun Xie
- Department of Arts and Design, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China
| | - Jianwei Pan
- Department of Arts and Design, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China
| | - Songjie Li
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China
| | - Shao Qian
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China
| | - Ye Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Georgiadis K, Kalaganis FP, Oikonomou VP, Nikolopoulos S, Laskaris NA, Kompatsiaris I. RNeuMark: A Riemannian EEG Analysis Framework for Neuromarketing. Brain Inform 2022; 9:22. [PMID: 36112235 PMCID: PMC9481797 DOI: 10.1186/s40708-022-00171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromarketing exploits neuroimaging techniques so as to reinforce the predictive power of conventional marketing tools, like questionnaires and focus groups. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the most commonly encountered neuroimaging technique due to its non-invasiveness, low-cost, and its very recent embedding in wearable devices. The transcription of brainwave patterns to consumer attitude is supported by various signal descriptors, while the quest for profitable novel ways is still an open research question. Here, we suggest the use of sample covariance matrices as alternative descriptors, that encapsulate the coordinated neural activity from distinct brain areas, and the adoption of Riemannian geometry for their handling. We first establish the suitability of Riemannian approach for neuromarketing-related problems and then suggest a relevant decoding scheme for predicting consumers' choices (e.g., willing to buy or not a specific product). Since the decision-making process involves the concurrent interaction of various cognitive processes and consequently of distinct brain rhythms, the proposed decoder takes the form of an ensemble classifier that builds upon a multi-view perspective, with each view dedicated to a specific frequency band. Adopting a standard machine learning procedure, and using a set of trials (training data) in conjunction with the associated behavior labels ("buy"/ "not buy"), we train a battery of classifiers accordingly. Each classifier is designed to operate in the space recovered from the inter-trial distances of SCMs and to cast a rhythm-depended decision that is eventually combined with the predictions of the rest ones. The demonstration and evaluation of the proposed approach are performed in 2 neuromarketing-related datasets of different nature. The first is employed to showcase the potential of the suggested descriptor, while the second to showcase the decoder's superiority against popular alternatives in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Georgiadis
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Thermi-Thessaloniki, Greece.
- AIIA-Lab, Informatics Dept, AUTH, NeuroInformatics.Group, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Fotis P Kalaganis
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Thermi-Thessaloniki, Greece
- AIIA-Lab, Informatics Dept, AUTH, NeuroInformatics.Group, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vangelis P Oikonomou
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Thermi-Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spiros Nikolopoulos
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Thermi-Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos A Laskaris
- AIIA-Lab, Informatics Dept, AUTH, NeuroInformatics.Group, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kompatsiaris
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Thermi-Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Im S, Fitzpatrick S, Hien DA, Lopez-Castro T, Pawlak A, Melara RD. Frontal Alpha Asymmetry in Children with Trauma Exposure. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022; 53:418-425. [PMID: 35125036 DOI: 10.1177/15500594221076346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate differences in frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) between children (5-17 years) with or without histories of trauma exposure. EEG data were obtained from 165 children who participated in the Healthy Brain Network Initiative during rest with eyes open and closed. FAA during resting-state electroencephalography was significantly more negative in the trauma-exposed group, suggesting greater left lateralized FAA and avoidance-oriented motivation. Moreover, alpha suppression (difference in alpha amplitude between eyes open and eyes closed conditions) was marginally greater in the trauma-exposed group. The results suggest that early exposure to trauma may be associated with trait-level avoidance of environmental stimuli, which ultimately may be predictive of psychopathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Study findings thus provide preliminary evidence of brain-based mechanisms that may confer risk for PTSD in the wake of early trauma exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Im
- 1889Western Kentucky University, Department of Psychology, 1906 College Heights Blvd, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.,242612Rutgers University, Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, 607 Allison Road, Smithers Hall, 222, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Skye Fitzpatrick
- 7991York University, Department of Psychology, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, USA
| | - Denise A Hien
- 242612Rutgers University, Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, 607 Allison Road, Smithers Hall, 222, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Teresa Lopez-Castro
- 14770The City College, 14780City University of New York, Psychology Department, 160 Convent Avenue, NAC 7 to 120, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Anthony Pawlak
- 242612Rutgers University, Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, 607 Allison Road, Smithers Hall, 222, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Robert D Melara
- 14770The City College, 14780City University of New York, Psychology Department, 160 Convent Avenue, NAC 7 to 120, New York, NY 10031, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Krogmeier C, Coventry BS, Mousas C. Frontal alpha asymmetry interaction with an experimental story EEG brain-computer interface. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:883467. [PMID: 36034123 PMCID: PMC9413083 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.883467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although interest in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) from researchers and consumers continues to increase, many BCIs lack the complexity and imaginative properties thought to guide users toward successful brain activity modulation. We investigate the possibility of using a complex BCI by developing an experimental story environment with which users interact through cognitive thought strategies. In our system, the user's frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) measured with electroencephalography (EEG) is linearly mapped to the color saturation of the main character in the story. We implemented a user-friendly experimental design using a comfortable EEG device and short neurofeedback (NF) training protocol. In our system, seven out of 19 participants successfully increased FAA during the course of the study, for a total of ten successful blocks out of 152. We detail our results concerning left and right prefrontal cortical activity contributions to FAA in both successful and unsuccessful story blocks. Additionally, we examine inter-subject correlations of EEG data, and self-reported questionnaire data to understand the user experience of BCI interaction. Results suggest the potential of imaginative story BCI environments for engaging users and allowing for FAA modulation. Our data suggests new research directions for BCIs investigating emotion and motivation through FAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Krogmeier
- Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Claudia Krogmeier
| | - Brandon S. Coventry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christos Mousas
- Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sabu P, Stuldreher IV, Kaneko D, Brouwer AM. A Review on the Role of Affective Stimuli in Event-Related Frontal Alpha Asymmetry. FRONTIERS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2022.869123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontal alpha asymmetry refers to the difference between the right and left alpha activity over the frontal brain region. Increased activity in the left hemisphere has been linked to approach motivation and increased activity in the right hemisphere has been linked to avoidance or withdrawal. However, research on alpha asymmetry is diverse and has shown mixed results, which may partly be explained by the potency of the used stimuli to emotionally and motivationally engage participants. This review gives an overview of the types of affective stimuli utilized with the aim to identify which stimuli elicit a strong approach-avoidance effect in an affective context. We hope this contributes to better understanding of what is reflected by alpha asymmetry, and in what circumstances it may be an informative marker of emotional state. We systematically searched the literature for studies exploring event-related frontal alpha asymmetry in affective contexts. The search resulted in 61 papers, which were categorized in five stimulus categories that were expected to differ in their potency to engage participants: images & sounds, videos, real cues, games and other tasks. Studies were viewed with respect to the potency of the stimuli to evoke significant approach-avoidance effects on their own and in interaction with participant characteristics or condition. As expected, passively perceived stimuli that are multimodal or realistic, seem more potent to elicit alpha asymmetry than unimodal stimuli. Games, and other stimuli with a strong task-based component were expected to be relatively engaging but approach-avoidance effects did not seem to be much clearer than the studies using perception of videos and real cues. While multiple factors besides stimulus characteristics determine alpha asymmetry, and we did not identify a type of affective stimulus that induces alpha asymmetry highly consistently, our results indicate that strongly engaging, salient and/or personally relevant stimuli are important to induce an approach-avoidance effect.
Collapse
|
16
|
E-Senses, Panel Tests and Wearable Sensors: A Teamwork for Food Quality Assessment and Prediction of Consumer’s Choices. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
At present, food quality is of utmost importance, not only to comply with commercial regulations, but also to meet the expectations of consumers; this aspect includes sensory features capable of triggering emotions through the citizen’s perception. To date, key parameters for food quality assessment have been sought through analytical methods alone or in combination with a panel test, but the evaluation of panelists’ reactions via psychophysiological markers is now becoming increasingly popular. As such, the present review investigates recent applications of traditional and novel methods to the specific field. These include electronic senses (e-nose, e-tongue, and e-eye), sensory analysis, and wearables for emotion recognition. Given the advantages and limitations highlighted throughout the review for each approach (both traditional and innovative ones), it was possible to conclude that a synergy between traditional and innovative approaches could be the best way to optimally manage the trade-off between the accuracy of the information and feasibility of the investigation. This evidence could help in better planning future investigations in the field of food sciences, providing more reliable, objective, and unbiased results, but it also has important implications in the field of neuromarketing related to edible compounds.
Collapse
|
17
|
Psychophysiological responses to mobile reading: evidence from frontal EEG signals under a distracting reading environment and different text genres. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & PEOPLE 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/itp-02-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeReading represents a basic way by which humans understand the world and acquire knowledge; it is also central to learning and communicating. However, with the rapid development of mobile reading, an individual's cognition of objective facts may be affected by the reading environment and text genre, resulting in limited memorization and understanding of the reading material. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of the reading environment and text genre on individuals' cognitive activities from the perspective of motivational activation level using evidence from electroencephalography (EEG) signals.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a mixed design experiment with two reading environments (quiet and distracting) between subjects, two text genres (entertaining and scientific) within subjects and two reading tasks (memory recall and comprehension) within subjects. There were 50 participants in the experiment, and the data obtained from 44 participants while they read the materials and completed the reading tasks were analyzed.FindingsThe results showed that readers are more positively motivated to read in a quiet reading environment than in a distracting reading environment when facing the memory recall tasks of entertaining genre passages and comprehension tasks of scientific genre passages. Entertaining genres are more likely to arouse readers' reading interest but hinder the memory recall of the content details. While scientific genres are not easy to understand, they are helpful for working memory.Originality/valueThis study not only applies a new technology to mobile reading research in the field of library science and addresses the limitations of self-report data, but also provides suggestions for the further improvement of mobile reading service providers. Additionally, the results may provide useful information for learners with different learning demands.
Collapse
|
18
|
Mancini M, Cherubino P, di Flumeri G, Cartocci G, Martinez A, Sanchez A, Santillo C, Modica E, Vozzi A, Ronca V, Trettel A, Borghini G, Babiloni F. Neuroscientific Methods for Exploring User Perceptions While Dealing With Mobile Advertising: A Novel and Integrated Approach. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2022; 3:835648. [PMID: 38235455 PMCID: PMC10790835 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2022.835648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Display and native ads represent two of the most widely used digital advertising formats employed by advertisers that aim to grab the attention of online users. In recent years, the native format has become very popular because it relies on deceptive features that make harder the recognition of its advertising nature, reducing avoiding behaviors such as the banner blindness phenomena, traditionally associated to display advertising, and so increasing its advertising effectiveness. The present study, based on a forefront research protocol specifically designed for the advertising research on smartphone devices, aims to investigate through neurophysiological and self-reported measures, the perception of display and native ads placed within article webpages, and to assess the efficacy of an integrated approach. Eye-tracking results showed higher visual attention and longer viewing time associated with native advertisements in comparison to traditional display advertisements, confirming and extending evidence provided by previous research. Despite a significantly higher rate of self-reported advertising intent was detected for articles containing display ads when compared to articles containing native ads, no differences have been found while performing the same comparison for the neurophysiological measures of emotional involvement and approaching motivation of for the self-reported measures of pleasantness and annoyance. Such findings along with the employment of an innovative research protocol, contribute to providing further cues to the current debate related to the effectiveness of two of the most widely used digital advertising formats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mancini
- BrainSigns, Rome, Italy
- University of the International Studies of Rome (UNINT), Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cherubino
- BrainSigns, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca di Flumeri
- BrainSigns, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cartocci
- BrainSigns, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ana Martinez
- BrainSigns, Rome, Italy
- Department of Communication and Social Research, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Enrica Modica
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Vozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ronca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Borghini
- BrainSigns, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Babiloni
- BrainSigns, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Olszewska-Guizzo A, Fogel A, Escoffier N, Sia A, Nakazawa K, Kumagai A, Dan I, Ho R. Therapeutic Garden With Contemplative Features Induces Desirable Changes in Mood and Brain Activity in Depressed Adults. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:757056. [PMID: 35463498 PMCID: PMC9021552 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.757056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic values of contact with nature have been increasingly recognized. A growing body of evidence suggests that a unique subcategory of "contemplative landscapes" is particularly therapeutic. Previous studies predominantly focused on observational designs in non-clinical populations. It is not known if these effects can be extrapolated to populations suffering from depression, and experimental designs need to be utilized to establish causality. We examined the effects of in-situ passive exposure to three urban spaces on brain activity, namely a Therapeutic Garden with high Contemplative Landscape scores (TG), Residential Green (RG) and Busy Downtown (BD), and self-reported momentary mood in adults aged 21-74 (n = 92), including 24 clinically depressed and 68 healthy participants. Portable, multimodal electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) systems were used to record brain activity, and a Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire was used to record mood before and after exposure. We tested the interactions between the site, time and group for the mood, and between site and group for the neuroelectric oscillations and brain hemodynamics. Self-reported pre- post-mood was significant only at the TG (p = 0.032) in both groups. The lowest Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) was reported at TG and the highest in BD (p = 0.026). Results from fNIRS indicated marginally significant lower oxy-Hb in the frontal region at TG as compared to BD (p = 0.054) across both groups. The marginally significant effect of site and group was also observed (p = 0.062), with the Clinical group showing much lower oxy-Hb at TG than Healthy. The opposite pattern was observed at BD. EEG results showed differences between Healthy and Clinical groups in the Frontal Alpha Asymmetry (FAA) pattern across the sites (p = 0.04), with more frontal alpha right in the Clinical sample and more left lateralization in the Healthy sample at TG. Temporal Beta Asymmetry (TBA) analyses suggested that patients displayed lower bottom-up attention than Healthy participants across all sites (p = 0.039). The results suggest that both healthy and depressed adults benefitted from exposure to TG, with possibly different pathways of mood improvement. Visiting therapeutic nature with contemplative features may provide valuable support for the treatment of depression in clinical populations and a self-care intervention in non-clinical populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NeuroLandscape Foundation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Fogel
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Angelia Sia
- National Parks Board, Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenta Nakazawa
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kumagai
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ippeita Dan
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effectiveness of Electricity-Saving Communication Campaigns: Neurophysiological Approach. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15041263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Public communication campaigns are among the tools for promoting electricity saving. A crucial task in the process of creating a campaign is to design a simple message to effectively reach the average consumer. It is a beneficial practice to create alternative messages and pretest them to find the most effective. The research methodology during pretesting includes both quantitative and qualitative methods. However, it is believed that the outcomes obtained with the use of conventional techniques are not fully reliable. Therefore, the following question arises: What additional research methods should be applied at the stage of testing the message of a communication campaign so that its effectiveness can be assessed more reliably and/or improved even before its broadcast? In this study, we aim to present the possibility of applying cognitive neuroscience methods in conjunction with a questionnaire to experimentally check the effectiveness of the message using the example of selected electricity-saving communication campaigns. The key results of this study indicate that merging conscious and subconscious reactions to media messages allows us to gain new knowledge that can be used in the future to improve the communication campaign effectiveness. Our investigation showed the benefits that can be obtained by synergizing traditional research methods with neuroscientific approaches.
Collapse
|
21
|
Santaniello G, Ferré P, Sanchez-Carmona A, Huete-Pérez D, Albert J, Hinojosa JA. Gamma Oscillations in the Temporal Pole Reflect the Contribution of Approach and Avoidance Motivational Systems to the Processing of Fear and Anger Words. Front Psychol 2022; 12:802290. [PMID: 35140664 PMCID: PMC8820231 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.802290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior reports suggest that affective effects in visual word processing cannot be fully explained by a dimensional perspective of emotions based on valence and arousal. In the current study, we focused on the contribution of approach and avoidance motivational systems that are related to different action components to the processing of emotional words. To this aim, we compared frontal alpha asymmetries and brain oscillations elicited by anger words associated with approach (fighting) motivational tendencies, and fear words that may trigger either avoidance (escaping), approach (fighting) or no (freezing) action tendencies. The participants’ task was to make decisions about approaching or distancing from the concepts represented by words. The results of cluster-based and beamforming analyses revealed increased gamma power band synchronization for fear words relative to anger words between 725 and 750 ms, with an estimated neural origin in the temporal pole. These findings were interpreted to reflect a conflict between different action tendencies underlying the representation of fear words in semantic and emotional memories, when trying to achieve task requirements. These results are in line with the predictions made by the fear-hinders-action hypothesis. Additionally, current data highlights the contribution of motivational features to the representation and processing of emotional words.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Santaniello
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Ferré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Huete-Pérez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jacobo Albert
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Hinojosa
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Automatic Clustering of Students by Level of Situational Interest Based on Their EEG Features. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app12010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The usage of physiological measures in detecting student’s interest is often said to improve the weakness of psychological measures by decreasing the susceptibility of subjective bias. The existing methods, especially EEG-based, use classification, which needs a predefined class and complex computational to analyze. However, the predefined classes are mostly based on subjective measurement (e.g., questionnaires). This work proposed a new scheme to automatically cluster the students by the level of situational interest (SI) during learning-based lessons on their electroencephalography (EEG) features. The formed clusters are then used as ground truth for classification purposes. A simultaneous recording of EEG was performed on 30 students while attending a lecture in a real classroom. The frontal mean delta and alpha power as well as the frontal alpha asymmetry metric served as the input for k-means and Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) clustering algorithms. Using the collected data, 29 models were trained within nine domain classifiers, then the classifiers with the highest performance were selected. We validated all the models through 10-fold cross-validation. The high SI group was clustered to students having lower frontal mean delta and alpha power together with negative Frontal Alpha Asymmetry (FAA). It was found that k-means performed better by giving the maximum performance assessment parameters of 100% in clustering the students into three groups: high SI, medium SI and low SI. The findings show that the DBSCAN had reduced the performance to cluster dataset without the outlier. The findings of this study give a promising option to cluster the students by their SI level, as well as address the drawbacks of the existing methods, which use subjective measures.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kirsten H, Seib-Pfeifer LE, Gibbons H. Effects of the calorie content of visual food stimuli and simulated situations on event-related frontal alpha asymmetry and event-related potentials in the context of food choices. Appetite 2021; 169:105805. [PMID: 34780810 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Approach and avoidance tendencies play an important role in everyday food choices when choosing between high-caloric, rather unhealthy, and low-caloric, rather healthy options. On a neuronal level, approach and avoidance motivation have been associated with asymmetrical activity of the frontal cortex, often quantified by alpha power averaged over several seconds of resting electroencephalogram (EEG). Going beyond the analysis of resting EEG, the present study aimed to investigate asymmetrical frontal activity in direct response to food stimuli in an event-related design and in combination with event-related potentials (ERPs). Therefore, a sample of 56 young and healthy participants completed a food choice task. They were asked to choose from a selection of high-caloric and low-caloric foods which they would want to eat on a normal day (baseline), when being on a diet, and in a reward situation. On the behavioural level, there was a clear preference for low-caloric foods. Well in line with that, time-frequency analyses of alpha asymmetry revealed relatively stronger temporary (950-1175 ms) left-hemispheric frontal activity, that is, a stronger approach tendency, in response to low-caloric as compared to high-caloric foods. Furthermore, larger P300 for low-caloric foods indicated an increased task relevance of low-caloric foods in the baseline and the reward situation. In contrast, the late positive potential (LPP), an index of subjective value, was larger for high-as compared to low-caloric foods, reflecting the intrinsic rewarding properties of high-caloric foods. ERPs, but not frontal alpha asymmetry, were influenced by the situational context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kirsten
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| | | | - Henning Gibbons
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vozzi A, Ronca V, Aricò P, Borghini G, Sciaraffa N, Cherubino P, Trettel A, Babiloni F, Di Flumeri G. The Sample Size Matters: To What Extent the Participant Reduction Affects the Outcomes of a Neuroscientific Research. A Case-Study in Neuromarketing Field. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:6088. [PMID: 34577294 PMCID: PMC8473095 DOI: 10.3390/s21186088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The sample size is a crucial concern in scientific research and even more in behavioural neurosciences, where besides the best practice it is not always possible to reach large experimental samples. In this study we investigated how the outcomes of research change in response to sample size reduction. Three indices computed during a task involving the observations of four videos were considered in the analysis, two related to the brain electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and one to autonomic physiological measures, i.e., heart rate and skin conductance. The modifications of these indices were investigated considering five subgroups of sample size (32, 28, 24, 20, 16), each subgroup consisting of 630 different combinations made by bootstrapping n (n = sample size) out of 36 subjects, with respect to the total population (i.e., 36 subjects). The correlation analysis, the mean squared error (MSE), and the standard deviation (STD) of the indexes were studied at the participant reduction and three factors of influence were considered in the analysis: the type of index, the task, and its duration (time length). The findings showed a significant decrease of the correlation associated to the participant reduction as well as a significant increase of MSE and STD (p < 0.05). A threshold of subjects for which the outcomes remained significant and comparable was pointed out. The effects were to some extents sensitive to all the investigated variables, but the main effect was due to the task length. Therefore, the minimum threshold of subjects for which the outcomes were comparable increased at the reduction of the spot duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Vozzi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- BrainSigns srl, Via Lungotevere Michelangelo, 9, 00192 Rome, Italy; (P.A.); (G.B.); (N.S.); (P.C.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Ronca
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- BrainSigns srl, Via Lungotevere Michelangelo, 9, 00192 Rome, Italy; (P.A.); (G.B.); (N.S.); (P.C.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Pietro Aricò
- BrainSigns srl, Via Lungotevere Michelangelo, 9, 00192 Rome, Italy; (P.A.); (G.B.); (N.S.); (P.C.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (G.D.F.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Borghini
- BrainSigns srl, Via Lungotevere Michelangelo, 9, 00192 Rome, Italy; (P.A.); (G.B.); (N.S.); (P.C.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (G.D.F.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolina Sciaraffa
- BrainSigns srl, Via Lungotevere Michelangelo, 9, 00192 Rome, Italy; (P.A.); (G.B.); (N.S.); (P.C.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (G.D.F.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cherubino
- BrainSigns srl, Via Lungotevere Michelangelo, 9, 00192 Rome, Italy; (P.A.); (G.B.); (N.S.); (P.C.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (G.D.F.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Trettel
- BrainSigns srl, Via Lungotevere Michelangelo, 9, 00192 Rome, Italy; (P.A.); (G.B.); (N.S.); (P.C.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Fabio Babiloni
- BrainSigns srl, Via Lungotevere Michelangelo, 9, 00192 Rome, Italy; (P.A.); (G.B.); (N.S.); (P.C.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (G.D.F.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Gianluca Di Flumeri
- BrainSigns srl, Via Lungotevere Michelangelo, 9, 00192 Rome, Italy; (P.A.); (G.B.); (N.S.); (P.C.); (A.T.); (F.B.); (G.D.F.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Assessing how visual search entropy and engagement predict performance in a multiple-objects tracking air traffic control task. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
26
|
Leeuwis N, Pistone D, Flick N, van Bommel T. A Sound Prediction: EEG-Based Neural Synchrony Predicts Online Music Streams. Front Psychol 2021; 12:672980. [PMID: 34385953 PMCID: PMC8354316 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.672980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroforecasting predicts population-wide choices based on neural data of individuals and can be used, for example, in neuromarketing to estimate campaign successes. To deliver true value, the brain activity metrics should deliver predictive value above and beyond traditional stated preferences. Evidence from movie trailer research has proposed neural synchrony, which compares the similarity of brain responses across participants and has shown to be a promising tool in neuroforecasting for movie popularity. The music industry might also benefit from these increasingly accurate success predictors, but only one study has been forecasting music popularity, using functional magnetic resonance imaging measures. Current research validates the strength of neural synchrony as a predictive measure for popularity of music, making use of electroencephalogram to capture moment-to-moment neural similarity between respondents while they listen to music. Neural synchrony is demonstrated to be a significant predictor for public appreciation on Spotify 3 weeks and 10 months after the release of the albums, especially when combined with the release of a single. On an individual level, other brain measures were shown to relate to individual subjective likeability ratings, including Frontal Alpha Asymmetry and engagement when combined with the factors artist and single release. Our results show the predictive value of brain activity measures outperforms stated preferences. Especially, neural synchrony carries high predictive value for the popularity on Spotify, providing the music industry with an essential asset for efficient decision making and investments, in addition to other practical implications that include neuromarketing and advertising industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Leeuwis
- Unravel Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Daniela Pistone
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kalaganis FP, Georgiadis K, Oikonomou VP, Laskaris NA, Nikolopoulos S, Kompatsiaris I. Unlocking the Subconscious Consumer Bias: A Survey on the Past, Present, and Future of Hybrid EEG Schemes in Neuromarketing. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2021; 2:672982. [PMID: 38235255 PMCID: PMC10790945 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2021.672982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Fueled by early success stories, the neuromarketing domain advanced rapidly during the last 10 years. As exciting new techniques were being adapted from medical research to the commercial domain, many neuroscientists and marketing practitioners have taken the chance to exploit them so as to uncover the answers of the most important marketing questions. Among the available neuroimaging technologies, electroencephalography (EEG) stands out as the less invasive and most affordable method. While not equally precise as other neuroimaging technologies in terms of spatial resolution, it can capture brain activity almost at the speed of cognition. Hence, EEG constitutes a favorable candidate for recording and subsequently decoding the consumers' brain activity. However, despite its wide use in neuromarketing, it cannot provide the complete picture alone. In order to overcome the limitations imposed by a single monitoring method, researchers focus on more holistic approaches. The exploitation of hybrid EEG schemes (e.g., combining EEG with eye-tracking, electrodermal activity, heart rate, and/or other) is ever growing and will hopefully allow neuromarketing to uncover consumers' behavior. Our survey revolves around last-decade hybrid neuromarketing schemes that involve EEG as the dominant modality. Beyond covering the relevant literature and state-of-the-art findings, we also provide future directions on the field, present the limitations that accompany each of the commonly employed monitoring methods and briefly discuss the omni-present ethical scepticizm related to neuromarketing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fotis P. Kalaganis
- MKLab, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Artificial Intelligence & Information Analysis Lab, Department of Informatics, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostas Georgiadis
- MKLab, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Artificial Intelligence & Information Analysis Lab, Department of Informatics, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vangelis P. Oikonomou
- Artificial Intelligence & Information Analysis Lab, Department of Informatics, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos A. Laskaris
- MKLab, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spiros Nikolopoulos
- Artificial Intelligence & Information Analysis Lab, Department of Informatics, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kompatsiaris
- Artificial Intelligence & Information Analysis Lab, Department of Informatics, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Major Depression and Brain Asymmetry in a Decision-Making Task with Negative and Positive Feedback. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12122118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressed patients are characterized by hypoactivity of the left and hyperactivity of the right frontal areas during the resting state. Depression is also associated with impaired decision-making, which reflects multiple cognitive, affective, and attentional processes, some of which may be lateralized. The aim of this study was to investigate brain asymmetry during a decision-making task performed in negative and positive feedback conditions in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in comparison to healthy control participants. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded from 60 MDD patients and 60 healthy participants while performing a multi-stage decision-making task. Frontal, central, and parietal alpha asymmetry were analyzed with EEGlab/ERPlab software. Evoked potential responses (ERPs) showed general lateralization suggestive of an initial right dominance developing into a more complex pattern of asymmetry across different scalp areas as information was processed. The MDD group showed impaired mood prior to performance, and decreased confidence during performance in comparison to the control group. The resting state frontal alpha asymmetry showed lateralization in the healthy group only. Task-induced alpha power and ERP P100 and P300 amplitudes were more informative biomarkers of depression during decision making. Asymmetry coefficients based on task alpha power and ERP amplitudes showed consistency in the dynamical changes during the decision-making stages. Depression was characterized by a lack of left dominance during the resting state and left hypoactivity during the task baseline and subsequent decision-making process. Findings add to understanding of the functional significance of lateralized brain processes in depression.
Collapse
|
29
|
Heffer T, Willoughby T. A longitudinal study investigating trajectories of sensitivity to threat over time and their association with alpha asymmetry among children and adolescents. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 46:100863. [PMID: 33157502 PMCID: PMC7649451 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has yet to investigate trajectories of sensitivity to threat across childhood and adolescence. Further, neural associations of these trajectories remain unknown. The current 3-year study used a latent class growth curve analysis to investigate whether there were distinct trajectories of sensitivity to threat among children and adolescents over time (N = 363; age range at Time 1 = 8-14). We also examined whether alpha asymmetry (a neural index of motivational tendencies) was associated with the different trajectories. Results revealed three distinct trajectory groups (1) high-stable sensitivity to threat, (2) moderate-increasing sensitivity to threat and (3) low-stable sensitivity to threat. The high-stable sensitivity to threat group had greater right frontal asymmetry activation (i.e., greater neural avoidance motivation) than the other two groups. Additionally, females, those with higher parental education, and individuals with more advanced pubertal development (but not age) had greater odds of being part of the high-stable sensitivity to threat group compared to the other groups. Of interest, puberty rather than age may be an important indicator of heightened sensitivity to threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Heffer
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Teena Willoughby
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lagast S, De Steur H, Gadeyne S, Hödl S, Staljanssens W, Vonck K, Boon P, Gellynck X, De Herdt V. Heart rate, electrodermal responses and frontal alpha asymmetry to accepted and non-accepted solutions and drinks. Food Qual Prefer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
31
|
Application of EEG and Interactive Evolutionary Design Method in Cultural and Creative Product Design. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 2019:1860921. [PMID: 30733799 PMCID: PMC6348831 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1860921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In order to design a cultural and creative product that matched the target image, this paper proposed to use EEG, interactive genetic algorithm (IGA), and back propagation neural network (BPNN) to analyze the users' image preferences. Firstly, the pictures of cultural elements were grouped according to the pleasantness value and emotional state by PAD emotion scale, and the brain waves induced by the pictures of cultural elements with different pleasure degree were recorded by electroencephalograph. Then, the preference of cultural elements was obtained according to the theory of frontal alpha asymmetry. Secondly, the semantic difference method was used to carry out questionnaire survey to users, and the factor analysis method was used to statistically analyze the survey results to extract the perceptual image semantics of users for cultural and creative products. Thirdly, an interactive evolutionary design system based on IGA and BPNN was constructed. According to the cultural elements preferred by users, the designer designed the initial set of morphological characteristics, and the fitness value was determined according to the degree of user preference for the image semantics. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the fatigue caused by users' interaction evaluation, BPNN was introduced to simulate artificial evaluation. Finally, the proposed method was verified by the practice of flavoring bottle design. User preference requirement could be used as feedback information to help designers understand users' design emotional need and generate design schemes that satisfied the users' perceptual image.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao G, Zhang Y, Ge Y. Frontal EEG Asymmetry and Middle Line Power Difference in Discrete Emotions. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:225. [PMID: 30443208 PMCID: PMC6221898 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A traditional model of emotion cannot explain the differences in brain activities between two discrete emotions that are similar in the valence-arousal coordinate space. The current study elicited two positive emotions (amusement and tenderness) and two negative emotions (anger and fear) that are similar in both valence and arousal dimensions to examine the differences in brain activities in these emotional states. Frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) asymmetry and midline power in three bands (theta, alpha and beta) were measured when participants watched affective film excerpts. Significant differences were detected between tenderness and amusement on FP1/FP2 theta asymmetry, F3/F4 theta and alpha asymmetry. Significant differences between anger and fear on FP1/FP2 theta asymmetry and F3/F4 alpha asymmetry were also observed. For midline power, midline theta power could distinguish two negative emotions, while midline alpha and beta power could effectively differentiate two positive emotions. Liking and dominance were also related to EEG features. Stepwise multiple linear regression results revealed that frontal alpha and theta asymmetry could predict the subjective feelings of two positive and two negative emotions in different patterns. The binary classification accuracy, which used EEG frontal asymmetry and midline power as features and support vector machine (SVM) as classifiers, was as high as 64.52% for tenderness and amusement and 78.79% for anger and fear. The classification accuracy was improved after adding these features to other features extracted across the scalp. These findings indicate that frontal EEG asymmetry and midline power might have the potential to recognize discrete emotions that are similar in the valence-arousal coordinate space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of PsychologyBeijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of PsychologyBeijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yan Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of PsychologyBeijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Asymmetric hemisphere activation in tenderness: evidence from EEG signals. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8029. [PMID: 29795119 PMCID: PMC5966511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions are processed asymmetrically by the human brain. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) as measured by electroencephalographic (EEG) power in the alpha band (8–13 Hz), is a sensitive indicator of asymmetric brain activity in the frontal cortex. The current study aimed to analyze the frontal EEG asymmetries in terms of valence and motivational direction. We presented 37 participants with three film excerpts that were selected from the standard emotional film database to elicit three target emotions: tenderness, anger, and neutrality. Participants’ self-reports on their induced emotional responses and EEG signals were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that individuals displayed lower alpha power in the left hemisphere than the right hemisphere when they were watching a tender film, indicating that tenderness was positive and related to approach motivation. In contrast, when watching an angry movie, participants showed higher alpha power in the left hemisphere than the right hemisphere, suggesting that anger was negative and associated with withdrawal motivation. These findings help to link positive and approach-motivated tenderness with greater left hemispheric activation and state-anger with greater right hemispheric activation through the analysis of FAA.
Collapse
|
34
|
Grissmann S, Faller J, Scharinger C, Spüler M, Gerjets P. Electroencephalography Based Analysis of Working Memory Load and Affective Valence in an N-back Task with Emotional Stimuli. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:616. [PMID: 29311875 PMCID: PMC5742112 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most brain-based measures of the electroencephalogram (EEG) are used in highly controlled lab environments and only focus on narrow mental states (e.g., working memory load). However, we assume that outside the lab complex multidimensional mental states are evoked. This could potentially create interference between EEG signatures used for identification of specific mental states. In this study, we aimed to investigate more realistic conditions and therefore induced a combination of working memory load and affective valence to reveal potential interferences in EEG measures. To induce changes in working memory load and affective valence, we used a paradigm which combines an N-back task (for working memory load manipulation) with a standard method to induce affect (affective pictures taken from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) database). Subjective ratings showed that the experimental task was successful in inducing working memory load as well as affective valence. Additionally, performance measures were analyzed and it was found that behavioral performance decreased with increasing workload as well as negative valence, showing that affective valence can have an effect on cognitive processing. These findings are supported by changes in frontal theta and parietal alpha power, parameters used for measuring of working memory load in the EEG. However, these EEG measures are influenced by the negative valence condition as well and thereby show that detection of working memory load is sensitive to affective contexts. Unexpectedly, we did not find any effects for EEG measures typically used for affective valence detection (Frontal Alpha Asymmetry (FAA)). Therefore we assume that the FAA measure might not be usable if cognitive workload is induced simultaneously. We conclude that future studies should account for potential context-specifity of EEG measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josef Faller
- Laboratory for Intelligent Imaging and Neural Computing, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christian Scharinger
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Multimodal Interaction Lab, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Spüler
- Wilhelm-Schickard-Institute for Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Gerjets
- LEAD Graduate School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Multimodal Interaction Lab, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jesulola E, Sharpley CF, Agnew LL. The effects of gender and depression severity on the association between alpha asymmetry and depression across four brain regions. Behav Brain Res 2016; 321:232-239. [PMID: 28042006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Data describing the association between EEG asymmetry and depression status have been equivocal. Effects from brain regions involved, depression severity, and the generalisability of findings across genders, have been inconsistently examined and/or verified. This study investigated these issues within a community sample to potentially expand the asymmetry hypothesis to non-severe depression participants. The singular effects of brain region and electrode site, gender, and depression severity, plus the interaction between gender and depression severity across brain regions were investigated in a study of alpha asymmetry among 46 males and 54 females (M age=32.5 yr, SD=14.13 yr) using the Self-rating Depression Scale (Zung, 1973). There was no significant difference across genders or age for depression severity. Dichotomous classification of depressed state produced similar but slightly different results from analysis of the whole range of depression status, although the frontal region was the only area where depression was consistently significantly associated with EEG asymmetry, and then only for females. However, the direction of those differences for females was opposite of that predicted by the EEG asymmetry-depression hypothesis. Several methodological issues that may have contributed to these findings are discussed, with suggestions made for future research that focusses upon individual depression symptom profiles rather than dichotomous or total depression scores in order to assist in developing a clinically-relevant model of EEG asymmetry in depressed persons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Jesulola
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Queen Elizabeth Drive, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
| | - Christopher F Sharpley
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Queen Elizabeth Drive, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia.
| | - Linda L Agnew
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Queen Elizabeth Drive, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Emotion effects within frontal alpha oscillation in a picture oddball paradigm. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 110:200-206. [PMID: 27480228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the current study we measured frontal alpha band oscillation in an oddball paradigm with emotional pictures as target stimuli. Within these emotional target pictures we varied valence and arousal separately. Irrespective of this emotional connotation, participants were asked to respond to the occurrence of any picture that deviates from the standard picture (a checkerboard). All stimuli were presented briefly and target stimuli were easily distinguishable from the standard stimulus based on mere perceptive features. Thus, the procedure reduces the probability that participants intentionally process or evaluate the emotional content of the pictures. With these incidental procedural conditions we yet observed a relative shift of alpha power to the right frontal site with increasing pleasantness of the pictures. Furthermore, frontal alpha band oscillation decreased with increasing picture arousal. These patterns were also evident when we controlled for valence and arousal of the pictures at the individual level. The results suggest that changes in frontal alpha band oscillation reflect reliable emotion correlates of incidental picture processing in the oddball paradigm.
Collapse
|
37
|
Gender and Age Related Effects While Watching TV Advertisements: An EEG Study. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 2016:3795325. [PMID: 27313602 PMCID: PMC4899608 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3795325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to show how the variation of the EEG frontal cortical asymmetry is related to the general appreciation perceived during the observation of TV advertisements, in particular considering the influence of the gender and age on it. In particular, we investigated the influence of the gender on the perception of a car advertisement (Experiment 1) and the influence of the factor age on a chewing gum commercial (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 results showed statistically significant higher approach values for the men group throughout the commercial. Results from Experiment 2 showed significant lower values by older adults for the spot, containing scenes not very enjoyed by them. In both studies, there was no statistical significant difference in the scene relative to the product offering between the experimental populations, suggesting the absence in our study of a bias towards the specific product in the evaluated populations. These evidences state the importance of the creativity in advertising, in order to attract the target population.
Collapse
|
38
|
Individual differences in emotion word processing: A diffusion model analysis. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 16:489-501. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
39
|
A derived transformation of emotional functions using self-reports, implicit association tests, and frontal alpha asymmetries. Learn Behav 2015; 44:175-90. [DOI: 10.3758/s13420-015-0198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
40
|
Jesulola E, Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Agnew LL, Wilson P. Frontal alpha asymmetry as a pathway to behavioural withdrawal in depression: Research findings and issues. Behav Brain Res 2015; 292:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
41
|
Jacobs AM, Võ MLH, Briesemeister BB, Conrad M, Hofmann MJ, Kuchinke L, Lüdtke J, Braun M. 10 years of BAWLing into affective and aesthetic processes in reading: what are the echoes? Front Psychol 2015; 6:714. [PMID: 26089808 PMCID: PMC4452804 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reading is not only "cold" information processing, but involves affective and aesthetic processes that go far beyond what current models of word recognition, sentence processing, or text comprehension can explain. To investigate such "hot" reading processes, standardized instruments that quantify both psycholinguistic and emotional variables at the sublexical, lexical, inter-, and supralexical levels (e.g., phonological iconicity, word valence, arousal-span, or passage suspense) are necessary. One such instrument, the Berlin Affective Word List (BAWL) has been used in over 50 published studies demonstrating effects of lexical emotional variables on all relevant processing levels (experiential, behavioral, neuronal). In this paper, we first present new data from several BAWL studies. Together, these studies examine various views on affective effects in reading arising from dimensional (e.g., valence) and discrete emotion features (e.g., happiness), or embodied cognition features like smelling. Second, we extend our investigation of the complex issue of affective word processing to words characterized by a mixture of affects. These words entail positive and negative valence, and/or features making them beautiful or ugly. Finally, we discuss tentative neurocognitive models of affective word processing in the light of the present results, raising new issues for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M. Jacobs
- Department of Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Languages of Emotion”, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of EmotionBerlin, Germany
| | - Melissa L.-H. Võ
- Scene Grammar Lab, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt, Germany
| | - Benny B. Briesemeister
- Department of Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Markus Conrad
- Cluster of Excellence “Languages of Emotion”, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Department of Cognitive, Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad de La LagunaSan Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Markus J. Hofmann
- Department of Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, General and Biological Psychology, University of WuppertalWuppertal, Germany
| | - Lars Kuchinke
- Cluster of Excellence “Languages of Emotion”, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Experimental Psychology and Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr Universität BochumBochum, Germany
| | - Jana Lüdtke
- Department of Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Languages of Emotion”, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Mario Braun
- Department of Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cortical functional connectivity is associated with the valence of affective states. Brain Cogn 2014; 90:109-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
43
|
Accornero N, Capozza M, Pieroni L, Pro S, Davì L, Mecarelli O. EEG mean frequency changes in healthy subjects during prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:1367-75. [PMID: 24920029 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00088.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this pilot study we evaluated electroencephalographic (EEG) mean frequency changes induced by prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and investigated whether they depended on tDCS electrode montage. Eight healthy volunteers underwent tDCS for 15 min during EEG recording. They completed six tDCS sessions, 1 wk apart, testing left and right direct current (DC) dipole directions with six different montages: four unipolar montages (one electrode on a prefrontal area, the other on the opposite wrist) and two bipolar montages (both electrodes on prefrontal areas), and a single sham session. EEG power spectra were assessed from four 1-min EEG epochs, before, during, and after tDCS. During tDCS the outcome variable, brain rate (fb), changed significantly, and the changes persisted for minutes after tDCS ended. With the DC dipole directed to the left (anode on the left prefrontal area or wrist), fb increased, and with the DC dipole directed to the right (anode on the right prefrontal area or wrist), fb decreased, suggesting asymmetric prefrontal cortex functional organization in the normal human brain. Anodal and cathodal effects were opposite but equally large. Gender left these effects unchanged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neri Accornero
- Department of Neurological Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Marco Capozza
- Department of Neurological Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Laura Pieroni
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Pro
- Department of Neurological Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Leonardo Davì
- Department of Neurological Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Oriano Mecarelli
- Department of Neurological Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; and
| |
Collapse
|