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Al-Adsani AM, Al-Qattan KK, Barhoush SA, Abbood MS, Al-Bustan SA. Garlic Extract Promotes Pancreatic Islet Neogenesis Through α-to-β-Cell Transdifferentiation and Normalizes Glucose Homeostasis in Diabetic Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400362. [PMID: 39205537 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Garlic extract (GE) has been shown to ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetic rats (DRs) by increasing insulin production. However, the mechanism through which it exerts its effects remains unclear. Here, it investigates the molecular process and the origin of regenerating β-cell in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in response to GE. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis are carried out after pancreas isolation. These findings show that 1 week of GE treatment increases the expression of the endocrine progenitor cell markers Neurogenin3 (Neurog3), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (Neurod1), paired box proteins (Pax)4, V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (Mafb), and NK homeobox factors (Nkx)6-1 in STZ-induced DRs. Continuation with GE treatment for 8 weeks causes the expression of the mature β-cell markers insulin(Ins)2, urocortin3 (Ucn3), and glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) to peak. Comprehensive examination of the islet through immunohistochemical analysis reveals the presence of a heterogeneous cell population including INS+/GLUT2- and INS+/GLUT2+ β-cell subpopulations with few bihormonal INS+/GCG+ cells after 4 weeks. By week 8, islet architecture is reestablished, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was restored through the upregulation of Ucn3. CONCLUSION GE induces β-cell neogenesis in DRs and restores islet architecture. The newly formed mature β-like cells could have originated through the differentiation of endocrine progenitor cells as well as α- to β-cell transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani M Al-Adsani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Khaled K Al-Qattan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Sahar A Barhoush
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Manal S Abbood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Suzanne A Al-Bustan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
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2
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Chen ACH, Huang W, Fong SW, Chan C, Lee KC, Yeung WSB, Lee YL. Hyperglycemia Altered DNA Methylation Status and Impaired Pancreatic Differentiation from Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910729. [PMID: 34639069 PMCID: PMC8509790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing across the globe. Fetal exposure to maternal diabetes was correlated with higher prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and T2D later in life. Previous studies showed aberrant DNA methylation patterns in pancreas of T2D patients. However, the underlying mechanisms remained largely unknown. We utilized human embryonic stem cells (hESC) as the in vitro model for studying the effects of hyperglycemia on DNA methylome and early pancreatic differentiation. Culture in hyperglycemic conditions disturbed the pancreatic lineage potential of hESC, leading to the downregulation of expression of pancreatic markers PDX1, NKX6-1 and NKX6-2 after in vitro differentiation. Genome-wide DNA methylome profiling revealed over 2000 differentially methylated CpG sites in hESC cultured in hyperglycemic condition when compared with those in control glucose condition. Gene ontology analysis also revealed that the hypermethylated genes were enriched in cell fate commitment. Among them, NKX6-2 was validated and its hypermethylation status was maintained upon differentiation into pancreatic progenitor cells. We also established mouse ESC lines at both physiological glucose level (PG-mESC) and conventional hyperglycemia glucose level (HG-mESC). Concordantly, DNA methylome analysis revealed the enrichment of hypermethylated genes related to cell differentiation in HG-mESC, including Nkx6-1. Our results suggested that hyperglycemia dysregulated the epigenome at early fetal development, possibly leading to impaired pancreatic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Chun Hang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong; (W.H.); (S.W.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong; (W.H.); (S.W.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Sze Wan Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong; (W.H.); (S.W.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Chris Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong; (W.H.); (S.W.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Kai Chuen Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong; (W.H.); (S.W.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.L.)
| | - William Shu Biu Yeung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong; (W.H.); (S.W.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.B.Y.); (Y.L.L.)
| | - Yin Lau Lee
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong; (W.H.); (S.W.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.B.Y.); (Y.L.L.)
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3
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Jackson IJ, Puttabyatappa M, Anderson M, Muralidharan M, Veiga-Lopez A, Gregg B, Limesand S, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: Prenatal testosterone excess disrupts pancreatic islet developmental trajectory in female sheep. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110950. [PMID: 32726642 PMCID: PMC7609617 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T)- treated female sheep manifest juvenile insulin resistance, post-pubertal increase in insulin sensitivity and return to insulin resistance during adulthood. Since compensatory hyperinsulinemia is associated with insulin resistance, altered pancreatic islet ontogeny may contribute towards metabolic defects. To test this, pregnant sheep were treated with or without T propionate from days 30-90 of gestation and pancreas collected from female fetuses at gestational day 90 and female offspring at 21 months-of-age. Uterine (maternal) and umbilical (fetal) arterial blood insulin/glucose ratios were determined at gestational day 90. The morphological and functional changes in pancreatic islet were assessed through detection of 1) islet hormones (insulin, glucagon) and apoptotic beta cells at fetal day 90 and 2) islet hormones (insulin, glucagon and somatostatin), and pancreatic lipid and collagen accumulation in adults. At gestational day 90, T-treatment led to maternal but not fetal hyperinsulinemia, decrease in pancreatic/fetal weight ratio and alpha cells, and a trend for increase in beta cell apoptosis in fetal pancreas. Adult prenatal T-treated female sheep manifested 1) significant increase in beta cell size and a tendency for increase in insulin and somatostatin stained area and proportion of beta cells in the islet; and 2) significant increase in pancreatic islet collagen and a tendency towards increased lipid accumulation. Gestational T-treatment induced changes in pancreatic islet endocrine cells during both fetal and adult ages track the trajectory of hyperinsulinemic status with the increase in adult pancreatic collagen accumulation indicative of impending beta cell failure with chronic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | | | - Miranda Anderson
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Meha Muralidharan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Brigid Gregg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sean Limesand
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
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4
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Zhang S, Huang F, Tian W, Lai J, Qian L, Hong W, Chen H, Li LC. Andrographolide promotes pancreatic duct cells differentiation into insulin-producing cells by targeting PDX-1. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 174:113785. [PMID: 31887289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of β-cells by differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells has the potential to fundamentally solve the problems of the loss of β-cell function and mass during disease progression in both type 1 or 2 diabetes. Therefore, discovery of novel differentiation inducers to promote islet regeneration is of great significance. Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox1 (PDX-1) is a key transcription factor that promotes the development and maturation of pancreatic β-cells. To screen potential novel small molecules for enhancing differentiation of PNAC-1 cells, a human pancreatic ductal cell lines into insulin-producing cells (IPCs), we developed a high-throughput screening method through fusing the PDX-1 promoter region with a luciferase reporter gene. We screened and identified that andrographolide named C1037 stimulates PDX-1 expression in both mRNA and protein level and significantly promotes PANC-1 cells differentiation into IPCs as compared with that of control cells. The therapeutic effect of C037 in Streptozotocin induced diabetic mouse model through differentiation of pancreatic ductal cells into insulin positive islets was also observed. Our study provides a novel method to screen compounds regulating the differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells having the potential of enhancing islet regeneration for diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Feirong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenjin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiashuang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lixia Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wanjin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Haifeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Liang-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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5
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Wu Y, Huang X, Yang M, Xu J, Chen Z, Yu Z, Liu J. Ameliorative effect of berberine coated bio-active nanoparticles in acetaminophen induced hepato-renal damage in diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 189:250-257. [PMID: 30419520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The current investigation was performed for the detailed analysis of protective effect of biofabricate berberine coated nano‑silver ameliorate (BBR-AgNPs) on acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepato-renal damages in diabetic rats by blood biochemistry, tissue biochemistry, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. The spherical shaped BBR-AgNPs were synthesized by the Biofabrication technique and its physico-chemical characterizations done by different spectroscopic (UV-vis spectrophotometer, XRD spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy EDAX & DLS analyses) and microscopic (FE-SEM) techniques. The diabetic developed rats were administrated with APAP (2.0 g/5 mL/kg) and scrutinize its hepato-renal injuries. The synthesized BBR-AgNPs (75 mg/kg p.o) was administrated orally to the APAP-induced diabetic rats. The result of biochemical markers and lipid peroxidation were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) increased in APAP-induced diabetic rats but decreased the level of antioxidants (P ˂ 0.05), which results obtained in liver and kidney compared to the control group. Immunohistochemical studies result showed that the APAP-induced diabetic rats expressed a high immunoreactivity of nuclear transcription factor (NF-kB). Whereas, the acetaminophen-induced diabetic rats were treated with BBR-AgNPs renovated the changes in the above parameters analyzed. The results of the study clearly indicated that the BBR-AgNPs possess the antioxidant properties as well as anti-diabetic effects, furthermore, the acetaminophen-induced liver and kidney damage was probably inhibited by the inhibition of proinflammatory factor & NF-kB factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Zaoping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Zhiyan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, PR China..
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6
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Toğay VA, Sevimli TS, Sevimli M, Çelik DA, Özçelik N. DNA damage in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes; protective effect of silibinin. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 825:15-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Mondal P, Prasad A, Girdhar K. Interventions to improve β-cell mass and function. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2017; 78:469-477. [PMID: 28870707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become an epidemiologically important disease worldwide and is also becoming a great matter of concern due to the effects associated with it like: high morbidity, elevated health care cost and shortened life span. T2DM is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance as well as β-cell dysfunction. It is widely accepted that in the face of insulin resistance, euglycemia can be maintained by increase in pancreatic β-cell mass and insulin secretion. This compensation is largely due to enhanced secretion of insulin by the β-cell mass, which is present initially, and thereby subsequent increases in β-cell mass provide additional insulin secretion. However, the mechanism by which β-cell anatomical plasticity and functional plasticity for insulin secretion is coordinated and executed in different physiological and pathophysiological states is complex and has been poorly understood. As the incidence of T2DM continues to increase at an alarming rate, it is becoming imperative to shift the research focus towards the β-cell physiology where identification of novel pathways that influence the β-cell proliferation and/or contribute to increase insulin secretion has the potential to lead to new therapies for preventing or delaying onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosenjit Mondal
- School of Basic Sciences, BioX, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, HP 175005, India.
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Basic Sciences, BioX, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, HP 175005, India
| | - Khyati Girdhar
- School of Basic Sciences, BioX, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, HP 175005, India
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8
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Bonnavion R, Teinturier R, Gherardi S, Leteurtre E, Yu R, Cordier-Bussat M, Du R, Pattou F, Vantyghem MC, Bertolino P, Lu J, Zhang CX. Foxa2, a novel protein partner of the tumour suppressor menin, is deregulated in mouse and human MEN1 glucagonomas. J Pathol 2017; 242:90-101. [PMID: 28188614 DOI: 10.1002/path.4885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Foxa2, known as one of the pioneer factors, plays a crucial role in islet development and endocrine functions. Its expression and biological functions are regulated by various factors, including, in particular, insulin and glucagon. However, its expression and biological role in adult pancreatic α-cells remain elusive. In the current study, we showed that Foxa2 was overexpressed in islets from α-cell-specific Men1 mutant mice, at both the transcriptional level and the protein level. More importantly, immunostaining analyses showed its prominent nuclear accumulation, specifically in α-cells, at a very early stage after Men1 disruption. Similar nuclear FOXA2 expression was also detected in a substantial proportion (12/19) of human multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) glucagonomas. Interestingly, our data revealed an interaction between Foxa2 and menin encoded by the Men1 gene. Furthermore, using several approaches, we demonstrated the relevance of this interaction in the regulation of two tested Foxa2 target genes, including the autoregulation of the Foxa2 promoter by Foxa2 itself. The current study establishes menin, a novel protein partner of Foxa2, as a regulator of Foxa2, the biological functions of which extend beyond the pancreatic endocrine cells. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Bonnavion
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Teinturier
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Samuele Gherardi
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leteurtre
- Institut de Pathologie, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Univ. Lille 2, INSERM UMR 1190, Lille, France
| | - Run Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martine Cordier-Bussat
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rui Du
- The E-Institute of Shanghai, Sino-French Life Science and Genomic Centre, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Clinical Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - François Pattou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Univ. Lille 2, INSERM UMR 1190, Lille, France.,CHRU Lille, Endocrine Surgery, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Univ. Lille 2, INSERM UMR 1190, Lille, France.,CHRU Lille, Endocrinology, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Bertolino
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jieli Lu
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,The E-Institute of Shanghai, Sino-French Life Science and Genomic Centre, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Clinical Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chang Xian Zhang
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,The E-Institute of Shanghai, Sino-French Life Science and Genomic Centre, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
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9
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Lawlor N, Khetan S, Ucar D, Stitzel ML. Genomics of Islet (Dys)function and Type 2 Diabetes. Trends Genet 2017; 33:244-255. [PMID: 28245910 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet dysfunction and beta cell failure are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss how genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and recent developments in islet (epi)genome and transcriptome profiling (particularly single cell analyses) are providing novel insights into the genetic, environmental, and cellular contributions to islet (dys)function and T2DM pathogenesis. Moving forward, study designs that interrogate and model genetic variation [e.g., allelic profiling and (epi)genome editing] will be critical to dissect the molecular genetics of T2DM pathogenesis, to build next-generation cellular and animal models, and to develop precision medicine approaches to detect, treat, and prevent islet (dys)function and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Lawlor
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Shubham Khetan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Duygu Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Michael L Stitzel
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Tissue replacement is a promising direction for the treatment of diabetes, which will become widely available only when islets or insulin-producing cells that will not be rejected by the diabetic recipients are available in unlimited amounts. The present review addresses the research in the field of generating functional insulin-producing cells by transdifferentiation of adult liver cells both in vitro and in vivo. It presents recent knowledge of the mechanisms which underlie the process and assesses the challenges which should be addressed for its efficient implementation as a cell based replacement therapy for diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Meivar-Levy
- Sheba Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel.
| | - Sarah Ferber
- Sheba Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Israel.
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