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Shadnoush M, Momenan M, Seidel V, Tierling S, Fatemi N, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Norooz MT, Cheraghpour M. A comprehensive update on the potential of curcumin to enhance chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Rep 2024:10.1007/s43440-024-00652-y. [PMID: 39304638 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The efficacy of chemotherapy agents in CRC treatment is often limited due to toxic side effects, heterogeneity of cancer cells, and the possibility of chemoresistance which promotes cancer cell survival through several mechanisms. Combining chemotherapy agents with natural compounds like curcumin, a polyphenol compound from the Curcuma longa plant, has been reported to overcome chemoresistance and increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutics. Curcumin, alone or in combination with chemotherapy agents, has been demonstrated to prevent chemoresistance by modulating various signaling pathways, reducing the expression of drug resistance-related genes. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive update on studies that have investigated the ability of curcumin to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy agents used in CRC. It is hoped that it can serve as a template for future research on the efficacy of curcumin, or other natural compounds, combined with chemotherapy agents to maximize the effectiveness of therapy and reduce the side effects that occur in CRC or other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Shadnoush
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box, Tehran, 16635-148, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Momenan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sascha Tierling
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Faculty NT, Life Sciences, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nayeralsadat Fatemi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box, Tehran, 16635-148, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tayefeh Norooz
- General Surgery Department, Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Makan Cheraghpour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box, Tehran, 16635-148, Iran.
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Gharib E, Robichaud GA. From Crypts to Cancer: A Holistic Perspective on Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9463. [PMID: 39273409 PMCID: PMC11395697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant global health burden, with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Recent progress in research highlights the distinct clinical and molecular characteristics of colon versus rectal cancers, underscoring tumor location's importance in treatment approaches. This article provides a comprehensive review of our current understanding of CRC epidemiology, risk factors, molecular pathogenesis, and management strategies. We also present the intricate cellular architecture of colonic crypts and their roles in intestinal homeostasis. Colorectal carcinogenesis multistep processes are also described, covering the conventional adenoma-carcinoma sequence, alternative serrated pathways, and the influential Vogelstein model, which proposes sequential APC, KRAS, and TP53 alterations as drivers. The consensus molecular CRC subtypes (CMS1-CMS4) are examined, shedding light on disease heterogeneity and personalized therapy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Gharib
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Gilles A Robichaud
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
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Aceto GM, Pagotto S, Del Pizzo FD, Saoca C, Selvaggi F, Visone R, Cotellese R, Aguennouz M, Lattanzio R, Catalano T. Differential Regulation of Wingless-Wnt/c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Crosstalk via Oxidative Eustress in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1816. [PMID: 39200280 PMCID: PMC11351841 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), ROS production affects survival, progression, and therapy resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). H2O2-mediated oxidative stress can modulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and metabolic reprogramming of the TME. Currently, it is unclear how mild/moderate oxidative stress (eustress) modulates Wnt/β-catenin/APC and JNK signaling relationships in primary and metastatic CRC cells. In this study, we determined the effects of the H2O2 concentration inducing eustress on isogenic SW480 and SW620 cells, also in combination with JNK inhibition. We assessed cell viability, mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, and Wnt/β-catenin/APC/JNK gene and protein expression. Primary CRC cells were more sensitive to H2O2 eustress combined with JNK inhibition, showing a reduction in viability compared to metastatic cells. JNK inhibition under eustress reduced both glycolytic and respiratory capacity in SW620 cells, indicating a greater capacity to adapt to TME. In primary CRC cells, H2O2 alone significantly increased APC, LEF1, LRP6, cMYC and IL8 gene expression, whereas in metastatic CRC cells, this effect occurred after JNK inhibition. In metastatic but not in primary tumor cells, eustress and inhibition of JNK reduced APC, β-catenin, and pJNK protein. The results showed differential cross-regulation of Wnt/JNK in primary and metastatic tumor cells under environmental eustress conditions. Further studies would be useful to validate these findings and explore their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitana Maria Aceto
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (R.V.); (R.C.)
| | - Sara Pagotto
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (R.V.); (R.C.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.D.P.); (R.L.)
| | - Francesco Domenico Del Pizzo
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.D.P.); (R.L.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Concetta Saoca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (M.A.); (T.C.)
| | - Federico Selvaggi
- Unit of General Surgery, Ospedale Clinicizzato SS Annunziata of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Rosa Visone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (R.V.); (R.C.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.D.P.); (R.L.)
| | - Roberto Cotellese
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (R.V.); (R.C.)
- Villa Serena Foundation for Research, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
| | - M’hammed Aguennouz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (M.A.); (T.C.)
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.D.P.); (R.L.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Teresa Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (M.A.); (T.C.)
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Ki MR, Youn S, Kim DH, Pack SP. Natural Compounds for Preventing Age-Related Diseases and Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7530. [PMID: 39062777 PMCID: PMC11276798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process influenced by hereditary factors, lifestyle, and environmental elements. As time progresses, the human body experiences degenerative changes in major functions. The external and internal signs of aging manifest in various ways, including skin dryness, wrinkles, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Additionally, cancer, like aging, is a complex disease that arises from the accumulation of various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Circadian clock dysregulation has recently been identified as an important risk factor for aging and cancer development. Natural compounds and herbal medicines have gained significant attention for their potential in preventing age-related diseases and inhibiting cancer progression. These compounds demonstrate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects as well as circadian clock regulation. This review explores age-related diseases, cancers, and the potential of specific natural compounds in targeting the key features of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Youn
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
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Chen L, Zhang L, Hua H, Liu L, Mao Y, Wang R. Interactions between toll-like receptors signaling pathway and gut microbiota in host homeostasis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1356. [PMID: 39073297 PMCID: PMC11284964 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of fundamental pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune system, constituting the first line of defense against endogenous and exogenous antigens. The gut microbiota, a collection of commensal microorganisms in the intestine, is a major source of exogenous antigens. The components and metabolites of the gut microbiota interact with specific TLRs to contribute to whole-body immune and metabolic homeostasis. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the interaction between the gut microbiota and TLR signaling pathways and to enumerate the role of microbiota dysbiosis-induced TLR signaling pathways in obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer (CRC). RESULTS Through the recognition of TLRs, the microbiota facilitates the development of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, while the immune system monitors dynamic changes in the commensal bacteria to maintain the balance of the host-microorganism symbiosis. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can induce a cascade of inflammatory and metabolic responses mediated by TLR signaling pathways, potentially resulting in various metabolic and inflammatory diseases. CONCLUSION Understanding the crosstalk between TLRs and the gut microbiota contributes to potential therapeutic applications in related diseases, offering new avenues for treatment strategies in conditions like obesity, IBD, and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Chen
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health ServiceShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Linfang Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health ServiceShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced ResearchSuzhouChina
| | - Hua Hua
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese MedicineChengduChina
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesChengduChina
| | - Li Liu
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese MedicineChengduChina
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesChengduChina
| | - Yuejian Mao
- Global R&D Innovation CenterInner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co. Ltd.HohhotInner MongoliaChina
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health ServiceShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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Donadio JLS, Prado SBRD, Soares CG, Tamarossi RI, Heidor R, Moreno FS, Fabi JP. Ripe papaya pectins inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer spheroids and the formation of chemically induced aberrant crypts in rats colons. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121878. [PMID: 38388061 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Pectins are a class of soluble polysaccharides that can have anticancer properties through several mechanisms. This study aimed to characterize the molecular structure of water-soluble fractions (WSF) derived from ripe and unripe papayas and assess their biological effects in two models: the 3D colon cancer spheroids to measure cell viability and cytotoxicity, and the in vivo model to investigate the inhibition of preneoplastic lesions in rats. WSF yield was slightly higher in ripe papaya, and both samples mainly consisted of pectin. Both pectins inhibited the growth of colon cancer HT29 and HCT116 spheroids. Unripe pectin disturbed HT29/NIH3T3 spheroid formation, decreased HCT116 spheroid viability, and increased spheroid cytotoxicity. Ripe pectin had a more substantial effect on the reduction of spheroid viability for HT29 spheroids. Furthermore, in vivo experiments on a rat model revealed a decrease in aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation for both pectins and increased apoptosis in colonocytes for ripe papaya pectins. The results suggest potential anticancer properties of papaya pectin, with ripe pectin showing a higher potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina L S Donadio
- University of São Paulo, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP, Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation, Rua do Lago, 250, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Giacomelli Soares
- University of São Paulo, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Invernort Tamarossi
- University of São Paulo, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Heidor
- University of São Paulo, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Salvador Moreno
- University of São Paulo, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Fabi
- University of São Paulo, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP, Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation, Rua do Lago, 250, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Zhang X, Li B, Huo S, Du J, Zhang J, Song M, Shao B, Li Y. Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid exposure triggers necroptosis and inflammation through the Wnt/β-catenin/NF-κB axis in the liver. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167033. [PMID: 37709082 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA), an emerging alternative to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), has recently been identified as a significant environmental pollutant. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of studies regarding the hepatotoxic effects of HFPO-TA. Here, we investigated the types and potential mechanisms of liver damage caused by HFPO-TA. Initially, we validated that the introduction of HFPO-TA resulted in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling (W/β signaling) activation, as well as the induction of necroptosis and inflammation, both in the liver of mice and in HepG2 cells. Subsequently, we established that the W/β signaling mediated the necroptosis and inflammation observed in the liver and HepG2 cells exposed to HFPO-TA. Finally, we demonstrated that the phosphorylated form of NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) played a role in mediating the necroptosis and inflammation, and its activity could be regulated by the W/β signaling pathway in the liver of mice and HepG2 cells exposed to HFPO-TA. In conclusion, our investigation elucidates the role of HFPO-TA in inducing necroptosis and inflammation in the liver, which is facilitated through the activation of the W/β/NF-κB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Siming Huo
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiayu Du
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Binabaj MM, Asgharzadeh F, Rahmani F, Al-Asady AM, Hashemzehi M, Soleimani A, Avan A, Mehraban S, Ghorbani E, Ryzhikov M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Vactosertib potently improves anti-tumor properties of 5-FU for colon cancer. Daru 2023; 31:193-203. [PMID: 37740873 PMCID: PMC10624787 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that the TGF-β signaling pathway plays a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. The aim of the current study is to investigate the therapeutic potential of Vactosertib (EW-7197), a selective inhibitor of TGF-β receptor type I, either alone or in combination with the standard first-line chemotherapeutic treatment, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), in CRC progression in both cellular and animal models. METHODS Real-Time PCR, Zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) tissue staining, and Flow cytometry techniques were applied to determine the anti-tumor properties of this novel TGF-β inhibitor in in vitro (CT-26 cell line) and in vivo (inbred BALB/C mice) samples. RESULTS Our findings showed that Vactosertib decreased cell proliferation and induced spheroid shrinkage. Moreover, this inhibitor suppressed the cell cycle and its administration either alone or in combination with 5-FU induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of p53 and BAX proteins. It also improved 5-FU anti-cancer effects by decreasing the tumor volume and weight, increasing tumor necrosis, and regulating tumor fibrosis and inflammation in an animal model. Vactosertib also enhanced the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on invasive behavior of CRC cells by upregulating the expression of E-cadherin and inhibiting MMP-9 enzymatic activity. CONCLUSION This study demonstrating the potent anti-tumor effects of Vactosertib against CRC progression. Our results clearly suggest that this inhibitor could be a promising agent reducing CRC tumor progression when administered either alone or in combination with standard treatment in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Kashmar School of Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdulridha Mohammed Al-Asady
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Kerbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | | | - Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Mehraban
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zaher K, Basingab F. Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Dendritic Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3196. [PMID: 38137417 PMCID: PMC10741039 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignancy that manifests in serial stages and has been observed to have an escalating incidence in modern societies, causing a significant global health problem. The development of CRC is influenced by various exogenous factors, including lifestyle, diet, nutrition, environment, and microbiota, that can affect host cells, including immune cells. Various immune dysfunctions have been recognized in patients with CRC at different stages of this disease. The signature of microbiota in the development of CRC-inflammation related to obesity, diet, and reactive host cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs)-has been highlighted by many studies. This study focuses on DCs, the primary cellular mediators linking innate and adaptive immune responses against cancer. In addition, this review focuses on the role of microbiota in dysbiosis and how it affects DCs and, in turn, the immune response and progression of CRC by stimulating different sets of T cells. Additionally, DCs' role in protecting this delicate balance is examined. This is to determine how gene yields of commensal microbiota may be critical in restoring this balance when disrupted. The stages of the disease and major checkpoints are discussed, as well as the role of the C-type lectin receptor of immature DCs pattern recognition receptor in CRC. Finally, based on a thorough examination of worldwide clinical studies and recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy, it is recommended that innovative approaches that integrate DC vaccination strategies with checkpoint inhibitors be considered. This approach holds great promise for improving CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawther Zaher
- Immunology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah Basingab
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21585, Saudi Arabia
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Liu P, Liu J, Ding M, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhou Z. FUT2 promotes the tumorigenicity and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. Int J Oncol 2023; 62:35. [PMID: 36734282 PMCID: PMC9911090 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), a leading cause of cancer‑related mortality, has increased globally. Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2), catalyzing the α1, 2‑linked fucose in mammals, has been reported to be overexpressed in several malignant cancers, including CRC. However, the effects of FUT2 on CRC remain largely unknown. Herein, it was determined that the FUT2 expression levels in CRC tissues were higher than those in adjacent non‑tumor tissues, whereas no association with tumor stage was revealed. The results of biological functional analysis revealed that FUT2 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of human CRC cells. Moreover, the knockdown of FUT2 arrested the CRC cells at the G0/G1 phase and promoted the apoptosis of human CRC cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of β‑catenin, C‑myc and cyclin D1 were decreased by FUT2 knockdown in CRC cells, whereas the expression of glycogen synthase kinase‑3β and the phosphorylation levels of β‑catenin were increased. Additionally, Wnt2 was fucosylated by FUT2 in CRC cells. Furthermore, the knockdown of FUT2 inhibited the growth of human CRC in vivo. Overall, the findings of the present study suggest that FUT2 may be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Mengyang Ding
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yijing Liu
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Xiaoming Chen, Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 268 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Zhenxu Zhou
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China,Dr Zhenxu Zhou, Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China, E-mail:
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11
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Pucci MD, Dasenbrock A, Tanzawa CK, Santos MBD. Perfil Clínico-Epidemiológico do Câncer Colorretal na Região Oeste do Paraná, Brasil, 2016-2018. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CANCEROLOGIA 2023. [DOI: 10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2023v69n1.3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introdução: O câncer colorretal é a neoplasia mais frequente do trato gastrointestinal, sendo a segunda principal causa de morte por câncer no mundo. Objetivo: Traçar um perfil clínico-epidemiológico do câncer colorretal na Região Oeste do Paraná (Brasil), entre 2016 e 2018. Método: Estudo observacional analítico do tipo transversal, construído a partir da análise de resultados de exames anatomopatológicos, realizados entre 2016 a 2018. Realizaram-se análises por estatística descritiva, teste de associação qui-quadrado e U de Mann-Whitney. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A análise de 509 laudos positivos para câncer colorretal permitiu identificar o predomínio de pacientes do sexo masculino e a idade média de diagnóstico de 62 anos. A malignidade mostrou-se mais incidente na faixa etária de 61 a 70 anos (29,9%), e considerável número de casos ocorreu em pacientes abaixo de 50 anos (19,6%). Houve predomínio em cólon esquerdo e do tipo histológico adenocarcinoma infiltrativo moderadamente diferenciado. Verificou-se associação entre topografia da doença e sexo, com maior predominância do sexo feminino para tumores do cólon direito e do sexo masculino para tumores do cólon esquerdo (p=0,0081). Conclusão: A partir deste estudo, delineia-se um perfil clínico-epidemiológico do câncer colorretal na Região Oeste do Paraná, com maior incidência da doença em homens, sexagenários, além de predomínio de tumores em cólon esquerdo e do tipo adenocarcinoma infiltrativo moderadamente diferenciado. Tais achados são relevantes considerando a possibilidade de aplicação assertiva de protocolos internacionais de rastreio do câncer nessa população.
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12
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Xia W, Gao Z, Jiang X, Jiang L, Qin Y, Zhang D, Tian P, Wang W, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Zhang N, Xu S. Alzheimer's risk factor FERMT2 promotes the progression of colorectal carcinoma via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and contributes to the negative correlation between Alzheimer and cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278774. [PMID: 36480537 PMCID: PMC9731493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies indicate that Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a negative relationship with the incidence of cancers. Whether the Alzheimer's genetic risk factor, named as fermitin family homolog-2 (FERMT2), plays a pivotal part in the progressive process of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) yet remains unclear. This study revealed that FERMT2 was upregulated in CRC tissues which predicted an unfavorable outcome of CRC using the PrognoScan web tool. FERMT2 was co-expressed with a variety of genes have been linked with CRC occurrence and implicated in the infiltration of immune cell in CRC tissues. Overexpressing FERMT2 promoted CRC progression with upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Knockdown of FERMT2 suppressed the cell multiplication, colony formation rate, migration and invasion, along with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) with downregulation Wnt/β-catenin proteins in cells of CRC, while overexpressing β-catenin reversed the inhibitory effects of silencing FERMT2 on the migration or invasion of CRC cells. Furthermore, Aβ1-42 treated HT22 cells induced downregulation of FERMT2 and inhibited the migration, invasion and EMT in co-cultured CT26 cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results revealed that the downregulated FERMT2 gene during AD is prominently activated in CRC, which promotes its progression via Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Xia
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhaoyu Gao
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Key Laboratory for Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yushi Qin
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Pei Tian
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wanchang Wang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shunjiang Xu
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,* E-mail:
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13
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Tsounis D, Villiotou V, Melpidou A, Pantsiou C, Argyrou A, Giannopoulou C, Grigoratou A, Rontogianni D, Mantzaris GJ, Papatheodoridis G. Oxidative imbalance increases the risk for colonic polyp and colorectal cancer development. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:2208-2223. [PMID: 36438709 PMCID: PMC9694266 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i11.2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has garnered considerable interest recently. Specific oxidative factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of adenomatous polyps and ultimately adenocarcinoma.
AIM To evaluate the effect of oxidative imbalance as quantified by specific serological markers in the development of sporadic colon adenocarcinoma.
METHODS A total of 170 patients that underwent endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract in a tertiary center within 3 years were included in the study. They were allocated in three groups; those with sporadic colon adenocarcinoma (n = 56, 32.9%), those with colonic polyps (n = 33, 19.4%) and healthy controls (n = 81, 47.7%). All patients were evaluated for oxidant activity and antioxidant capacity with serum measurements of specific markers such as vitamins A, 25(OH) D3, E, C, B12, folic acid, glutathione, selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), free iron (Fe2+), and malondialdehyde and results were compared between groups.
RESULTS Serum levels of vitamins C, E, D, Se, Zn, vitamin B12 and total antioxidant capacity were significantly lower in the combined neoplasia/polyp group than in the control group (P = 0.002, P = 0.009, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.020 and P < 0.001, correspondingly). Increased levels of vitamin E (P = 0.004), vitamin D (P < 0.001), Se (P < 0.001) and Zn (P < 0.001) seem to bestow a protective effect on the development of CRC. For vitamin D (P < 0.001) and Zn (P = 0.036), this effect seems to extend to the development of colon polyps as well. On the other hand, elevated serum levels of malondialdehyde are associated with a higher risk of CRC (OR = 2.09 compared to controls, P = 0.004). Regarding colonic polyp development, increased concentrations of vitamin Α and Fe2+ are associated with a higher risk, whereas lower levels of malondialdehyde with a lower risk.
CONCLUSION Increased oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of CRC. Antioxidants’ presence may exert a protective effect in the very early stages of colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsounis
- Department of Gastroenterology, 251 General Hospital of Hellenic Air Force, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Villiotou
- Department of Biochemistry, Metaxa Anticancer Hospital, Piraeus 18537, Greece
| | - Angeliki Melpidou
- Department of Biochemistry, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - Chara Pantsiou
- Department of Biochemistry, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - Alexandra Argyrou
- Department of Gastroenterology, 251 General Hospital of Hellenic Air Force, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Charis Giannopoulou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens 10676, Greece
| | | | | | - Gerassimos J Mantzaris
- Department of Gastroenterology, Evangelismos, Ophthalmiatreion Athinon and Polyclinic Hospitals, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - George Papatheodoridis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Athens University Medical School, Laikon General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
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Bernardazzi C, Sheikh IA, Xu H, Ghishan FK. The Physiological Function and Potential Role of the Ubiquitous Na +/H + Exchanger Isoform 8 (NHE8): An Overview Data. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810857. [PMID: 36142772 PMCID: PMC9501935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na+/H+ exchanger transporters (NHE) play an important role in various biologic processes including Na+ absorption, intracellular pH homeostasis, cell volume regulation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The wide expression pattern and cellular localization of NHEs make these proteins pivotal players in virtually all human tissues and organs. In addition, recent studies suggest that NHEs may be one of the primeval transport protein forms in the history of life. Among the different isoforms, the most well-characterized NHEs are the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) and Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3). However, Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 8 (NHE8) has been receiving attention based on its recent discoveries in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we will discuss what is known about the physiological function and potential role of NHE8 in the main organ systems, including useful overviews that could inspire new studies on this multifaceted protein.
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15
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Islas JF, Quiroz-Reyes AG, Delgado-Gonzalez P, Franco-Villarreal H, Delgado-Gallegos JL, Garza-Treviño EN, Gonzalez-Villarreal CA. Cancer Stem Cells in Tumor Microenvironment of Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach, Colon, and Rectum. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3948. [PMID: 36010940 PMCID: PMC9405851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas are one of the world's deadliest cancers. Cancer stem cells and the tissue microenvironment are highly regulated by cell and molecular mechanisms. Cancer stem cells are essential for maintenance and progression and are associated with resistance to conventional treatments. This article reviews the current knowledge of the role of the microenvironment during the primary establishment of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas in the stomach, colon, and rectum and its relationship with cancer stem cells. We also describe novel developments in cancer therapeutics, such as targeted therapy, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different treatments for improving gastrointestinal cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Francisco Islas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Adriana G. Quiroz-Reyes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Paulina Delgado-Gonzalez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Luis Delgado-Gallegos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Elsa N. Garza-Treviño
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
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16
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Novoa Díaz MB, Martín MJ, Gentili C. Tumor microenvironment involvement in colorectal cancer progression via Wnt/β-catenin pathway: Providing understanding of the complex mechanisms of chemoresistance. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3027-3046. [PMID: 36051330 PMCID: PMC9331520 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be one of the main causes of death from cancer because patients progress unfavorably due to resistance to current therapies. Dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a fundamental role in the genesis and progression of several types of cancer, including CRC. In many subtypes of CRC, hyperactivation of the β-catenin pathway is associated with mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene. However, it can also be associated with other causes. In recent years, studies of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have demonstrated its importance in the development and progression of CRC. In this tumor nest, several cell types, structures, and biomolecules interact with neoplastic cells to pave the way for the spread of the disease. Cross-communications between tumor cells and the TME are then established primarily through paracrine factors, which trigger the activation of numerous signaling pathways. Crucial advances in the field of oncology have been made in the last decade. This Minireview aims to actualize what is known about the central role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CRC chemoresistance and aggressiveness, focusing on cross-communication between CRC cells and the TME. Through this analysis, our main objective was to increase the understanding of this complex disease considering a more global context. Since many treatments for advanced CRC fail due to mechanisms involving chemoresistance, the data here exposed and analyzed are of great interest for the development of novel and effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Novoa Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - María Julia Martín
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INQUISUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
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17
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Chao HM, Wang TW, Chern E, Hsu SH. Regulatory RNAs, microRNA, long-non coding RNA and circular RNA roles in colorectal cancer stem cells. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:748-764. [PMID: 35582099 PMCID: PMC9048531 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i4.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs), such as self-renewal, drug resistance, and metastasis, have been indicated to be responsible for the poor prognosis of patients with colon cancers. The epigenetic regulatory network plays a crucial role in CSC properties. Regulatory non-coding RNA (ncRNA), including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, have an important influence on cell physiopathology. They modulate cells by regulating gene expression in different ways. This review discusses the basic characteristics and the physiological functions of colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells. Elucidation of these ncRNAs will help us understand the pathological mechanism of CRC progression, and they could become a new target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Mei Chao
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Wei Wang
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Edward Chern
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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18
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Oncogenic Role of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Associated with Canonical TGF-β Cascade in Colorectal Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040689. [PMID: 35456495 PMCID: PMC9031605 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling pathways promote tumour development and control several downstream genes such as CTGF and MMPs. This study aimed to investigate the association between CTGF and MMP-1 mRNA expressions with clinicopathological status and survival rate in colorectal cancer patients. We investigated expression levels of CTGF and MMP-1 genes in paraffin-embedded tumours and adjacent normal tissue blocks (ADJ) by Real Time-PCR. Then, the expression of Smad2 and Smad4 proteins in the TGF-β canonical pathway was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Finally, the correlation between CTGF, MMP-1, and the canonical TGF-β-signalling pathway with the clinicopathological features was investigated. Expression levels of MMP-1and CTGF were higher in tumours compared with adjacent normal tissues. Overexpression levels of MMP-1 and CTGF were associated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumour histopathological grading, advanced stage, and poor survival (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant association between the upregulation of MMP-1 and tumour location was noted. Upregulation of Smad2 and Smad4 proteins were also significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, advanced stage, and poor survival (p < 0.0001). This study showed that canonical TGF-β signalling regulates both CTGF and MMP-1 expression and CRC progression. Moreover, TGF-β signalling and its downstream genes could be used as novel biomarkers and novel approaches for targeted therapy in CRC.
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Brás MM, Sousa SR, Carneiro F, Radmacher M, Granja PL. Mechanobiology of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1945. [PMID: 35454852 PMCID: PMC9028036 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the mechanobiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) are discussed. Mechanotransduction of CRC is addressed considering the relationship of several biophysical cues and biochemical pathways. Mechanobiology is focused on considering how it may influence epithelial cells in terms of motility, morphometric changes, intravasation, circulation, extravasation, and metastization in CRC development. The roles of the tumor microenvironment, ECM, and stroma are also discussed, taking into account the influence of alterations and surface modifications on mechanical properties and their impact on epithelial cells and CRC progression. The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts and the impact of flow shear stress is addressed in terms of how it affects CRC metastization. Finally, some insights concerning how the knowledge of biophysical mechanisms may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies and targeting molecules and how mechanical changes of the microenvironment play a role in CRC disease are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manuela Brás
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.B.); (S.R.S.); (F.C.); (P.L.G.)
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana R. Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.B.); (S.R.S.); (F.C.); (P.L.G.)
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Instituto Politécnico do Porto (IPP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.B.); (S.R.S.); (F.C.); (P.L.G.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Patologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manfred Radmacher
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Pedro L. Granja
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.B.); (S.R.S.); (F.C.); (P.L.G.)
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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20
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Reckoning apigenin and kaempferol as a potential multi-targeted inhibitor of EGFR/HER2-MEK pathway of metastatic colorectal cancer identified using rigorous computational workflow. Mol Divers 2022; 26:3337-3356. [PMID: 35147860 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has been revolutionized as multiple cytotoxic, biological, and targeted drugs are being approved. Unfortunately, tumors treated with single targeted agents or therapeutics usually develop resistance. According to pathway-oriented screens, mCRC cells evade EGFR inhibition by HER2 amplification and/or activating Kras-MEK downstream signaling. Therefore, treating mCRC patients with dual EGFR/HER2 inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, or the combination of the two drugs envisaged to prevent the resistance development which eventually improves the overall survival rate. In the present study, we aimed to screen potential phytochemical lead compounds that could multi-target EGFR, HER2, and MEK1 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) using a computer-aided drug design approach that includes molecular docking, endpoint binding free energy calculation using MM-GBSA, ADMET, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Docking studies revealed that, unlike all other ligands, apigenin and kaempferol exhibit the highest docking score against all three targets. Details of ADMET analysis, MM/GBSA, and MD simulations helped us to conclusively determine apigenin and kaempferol as potentially an inhibitor of EGFR, HER2, and MEK1 apigenin and kaempferol against mCRC at a systemic level. Additionally, both apigenin and kaempferol elicited antiangiogenic properties in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings provide the rationale for drug development aimed at preventing CRC rather than intercepting resistance.
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21
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Gouthami K, Veeraraghavan V, Nagaraja P. In-silico characterization of phytochemicals identified from Vitex negundo (L) extract as potential therapy for Wnt-signaling proteins. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed disease in the world population and current chemotherapy has been used for targeting the cell proliferation and metastasizing ability of tumor cells. Potent chemotherapeutic drugs for colorectal cancer are capecitabine, fluorouracil, irinotecan, etc. which have toxic effects in normal tissues and adverse effects in multiple organs leading to major obstacles in clinical use. The aim of the study is the use of plant-derived compounds that improve the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics with lower and alleviate toxic side effects and reduce the risk of tumor progression.
Results
The current study is performed using Vitex negundo leaf which has been demonstrated to have positive effects against colorectal cancer. The use of computational approaches will help improve the identification and screening of lead molecules using AutoDock 4.2 and AutoDock Vina. Using computational approaches will help to improve lead identification and screening. Herein, we have retrieved six phytochemicals from published literature and investigated their inhibitory effect with Wnt-associated signaling proteins. Authentication of phytocompounds and Wnt-associated signaling proteins was done using AutoDock.4.2.
Conclusions
The results are screened based on the number of hydrogen bonds, binding energy, and interacting amino acids. The Isoorientin, luteolin, and Chrysophanol get the highest binding energy with target receptors. The binding energy is calculated with all target receptors from the range of − 6.0 to − 8.9 kcal/mol. The In-silico drug likeliness properties are predicted to be the best interacting compounds based on Lipinski Rule of 5 and ADMET analysis. Hence, we propose that Isoorientin, luteolin, and Chrysophanol are the potential inhibitors of Wnt signaling inhibitors, and preclinical studies are needed to confirm the promising therapeutic ability of colorectal cancer.
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22
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Khan I. Understanding and Targeting the Colon Cancer Pathogenesis: A Molecular Perspective. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Turkey; Integral University, India
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23
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Donadio JLS, Prado SBRD, Rogero MM, Fabi JP. Effects of pectins on colorectal cancer: targeting hallmarks as a support for future clinical trials. Food Funct 2022; 13:11438-11454. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01995g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intake of dietary fibers has been associated with a reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina L. S. Donadio
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo M. Rogero
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Catalano T, D’Amico E, Moscatello C, Di Marcantonio MC, Ferrone A, Bologna G, Selvaggi F, Lanuti P, Cotellese R, Curia MC, Lattanzio R, Aceto GM. Oxidative Distress Induces Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Modulation in Colorectal Cancer Cells: Perspectives on APC Retained Functions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6045. [PMID: 34885156 PMCID: PMC8656656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multistep process that arises in the colic tissue microenvironment. Oxidative stress plays a role in mediating CRC cell survival and progression, as well as promoting resistance to therapies. CRC progression is associated with Wnt/β-Catenin signaling dysregulation and loss of proper APC functions. Cancer recurrence/relapse has been attributed to altered ROS levels, produced in a cancerous microenvironment. The effect of oxidative distress on Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in the light of APC functions is unclear. This study evaluated the effect of H2O2-induced short-term oxidative stress in HCT116, SW480 and SW620 cells with different phenotypes of APC and β-Catenin. The modulation and relationship of APC with characteristic molecules of Wnt/β-Catenin were assessed in gene and protein expression. Results indicated that CRC cells, even when deprived of growth factors, under acute oxidative distress conditions by H2O2 promote β-Catenin expression and modulate cytoplasmic APC protein. Furthermore, H2O2 induces differential gene expression depending on the cellular phenotype and leading to favor both Wnt/Catenin-dependent and -independent signaling. The exact mechanism by which oxidative distress can affect Wnt signaling functions will require further investigation to reveal new scenarios for the development of therapeutic approaches for CRC, in the light of the conserved functions of APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Emira D’Amico
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.D.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (R.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Carmelo Moscatello
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.D.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (R.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Maria Carmela Di Marcantonio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.D.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.F.); (G.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.F.); (G.B.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Federico Selvaggi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.D.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (R.C.); (M.C.C.)
- Unit of General Surgery, Ospedale Floraspe Renzetti, Lanciano, 66034 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.F.); (G.B.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Cotellese
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.D.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (R.C.); (M.C.C.)
- Villa Serena Foundation for Research, Via Leonardo Petruzzi, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Curia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.D.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (R.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.D.M.); (R.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gitana Maria Aceto
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.D.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (R.C.); (M.C.C.)
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VAN Nguyen S, Shamoun L, Landerholm K, Andersson RE, Wagsater D, Dimberg J. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Antigen-4 ( CTLA-4) Gene Polymorphism (rs3087243) Is Related to Risk and Survival in Patients With Colorectal Cancer. In Vivo 2021; 35:969-975. [PMID: 33622891 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), transiently expressed on T cells, plays a pivotal role in the negative feedback regulation of T-cell activation and proliferation. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of CTLA-4 gene polymorphism rs3087243 on CRC susceptibility and long-term survival in Swedish patients with CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Genotypes of 491 patients and 433 healthy controls were determined, using TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays based on polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Patients carrying allele A were found to be at a higher risk of CRC and this allele was found to be more common in patients with disseminated disease compared to localized disease in the right colon. Kaplan-Meier analysis of cancer-specific survival showed that carriers of allele A had the highest risk of CRC-related death. CONCLUSION The SNP rs3087243 of the CTLA-4 gene was associated with CRC risk and, therefore, it could be a prognostic marker for Swedish patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song VAN Nguyen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Danang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Levar Shamoun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kalle Landerholm
- Department of Surgery, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Roland E Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dick Wagsater
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Dimberg
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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26
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Basnet U, Patil AR, Kulkarni A, Roy S. Role of Stress-Survival Pathways and Transcriptomic Alterations in Progression of Colorectal Cancer: A Health Disparities Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5525. [PMID: 34063993 PMCID: PMC8196775 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Every year, more than a million individuals are diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) across the world. Certain lifestyle and genetic factors are known to drive the high incidence and mortality rates in some groups of individuals. The presence of enormous amounts of reactive oxygen species is implicated for the on-set and carcinogenesis, and oxidant scavengers are thought to be important in CRC therapy. In this review, we focus on the ethnicity-based CRC disparities in the U.S., the negative effects of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and gene regulation in CRC carcinogenesis. We also highlight the use of antioxidants for CRC treatment, along with screening for certain regulatory genetic elements and oxidative stress indicators as potential biomarkers to determine the CRC risk and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urbashi Basnet
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (U.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Abhijeet R. Patil
- Computational Science Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA;
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (U.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (U.B.); (A.K.)
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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He Q, Li Z, Yin J, Li Y, Yin Y, Lei X, Zhu W. Prognostic Significance of Autophagy-Relevant Gene Markers in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:566539. [PMID: 33937013 PMCID: PMC8081889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.566539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant solid tumor with an extremely low survival rate after relapse. Previous investigations have shown that autophagy possesses a crucial function in tumors. However, there is no consensus on the value of autophagy-associated genes in predicting the prognosis of CRC patients. This work screens autophagy-related markers and signaling pathways that may participate in the development of CRC, and establishes a prognostic model of CRC based on autophagy-associated genes. Methods Gene transcripts from the TCGA database and autophagy-associated gene data from the GeneCards database were used to obtain expression levels of autophagy-associated genes, followed by Wilcox tests to screen for autophagy-related differentially expressed genes. Then, 11 key autophagy-associated genes were identified through univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and used to establish prognostic models. Additionally, immunohistochemical and CRC cell line data were used to evaluate the results of our three autophagy-associated genes EPHB2, NOL3, and SNAI1 in TCGA. Based on the multivariate Cox analysis, risk scores were calculated and used to classify samples into high-risk and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, risk profiling, and independent prognosis analysis were carried out. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to estimate the specificity and sensitivity of the prognostic model. Finally, GSEA, GO, and KEGG analysis were performed to identify the relevant signaling pathways. Results A total of 301 autophagy-related genes were differentially expressed in CRC. The areas under the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year receiver operating characteristic curves of the autophagy-based prognostic model for CRC were 0.764, 0.751, and 0.729, respectively. GSEA analysis of the model showed significant enrichment in several tumor-relevant pathways and cellular protective biological processes. The expression of EPHB2, IL-13, MAP2, RPN2, and TRAF5 was correlated with microsatellite instability (MSI), while the expression of IL-13, RPN2, and TRAF5 was related to tumor mutation burden (TMB). GO analysis showed that the 11 target autophagy genes were chiefly enriched in mRNA processing, RNA splicing, and regulation of the mRNA metabolic process. KEGG analysis showed enrichment mainly in spliceosomes. We constructed a prognostic risk assessment model based on 11 autophagy-related genes in CRC. Conclusion A prognostic risk assessment model based on 11 autophagy-associated genes was constructed in CRC. The new model suggests directions and ideas for evaluating prognosis and provides guidance to choose better treatment strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jinbao Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuting Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xue Lei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Ocklenburg T, Neumann F, Wolf A, Vogel J, Göpelt K, Baumann M, Baumann J, Kranz P, Metzen E, Brockmeier U. In oxygen-deprived tumor cells ERp57 provides radioprotection and ensures proliferation via c-Myc, PLK1 and the AKT pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7199. [PMID: 33785835 PMCID: PMC8009878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The disulfide isomerase ERp57, originally found in the endoplasmic reticulum, is located in multiple cellular compartments, participates in diverse cell functions and interacts with a huge network of binding partners. It was recently suggested as an attractive new target for cancer therapy due to its critical role in tumor cell proliferation. Since a major bottleneck in cancer treatment is the occurrence of hypoxic areas in solid tumors, the role of ERp57 in cell growth was tested under oxygen depletion in the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116. We observed a severe growth inhibition when ERp57 was knocked down in hypoxia (1% O2) as a consequence of downregulated c-Myc, PLK1, PDPK1 (PDK1) and AKT (PKB). Further, irradiation experiments revealed also a radiosensitizing effect of ERp57 depletion under oxygen deprivation. Compared to ERp57, we do not favour PDPK1 as a suitable pharmaceutical target as its efficient knockdown/chemical inhibition did not show an inhibitory effect on proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ocklenburg
- Institut Für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Neumann
- Institut Für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wolf
- Institut Für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Julia Vogel
- Institut Für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Göpelt
- Institut Für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Baumann
- Institut Für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Baumann
- Institut Für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Philip Kranz
- Institut Für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Eric Metzen
- Institut Für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Brockmeier
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Yang MD, Zhou WJ, Chen XL, Chen J, Ji Q, Li Q, Wang WH, Su SB. Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism of Bushen-Jianpi-Jiedu Decoction Combined with Chemotherapeutic Drugs on Postoperative Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:524663. [PMID: 33828479 PMCID: PMC8020259 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.524663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of effective therapeutic drugs in patients with postoperative colorectal cancer (PCRC). This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of Bushen-Jianpi-Jiedu decoction (BSJPJDD) combined with chemotherapeutic drugs (oxaliplatin) on PCRC with liver and kidney yin deficiency and spleen deficiency syndrome (LKYD-SDS) through the therapeutic evaluation of clinical therapy and the integrative analysis of network pharmacology, RNA-seq and label-free data, and experiment verification in vitro. In clinical therapy, the median progression-free survival (PFS) and Karnofsky performance score (KPS) were increased in PCRC patients by the aqueous extract of BSJPJDD combined with oxaliplatin treatment for three months, compared to oxaliplatin alone (p < 0.05). The integrative analysis showed that 559 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 11 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were regulated by BSJPJDD, among which seven bioactive compounds through 39 potential targets were involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways including MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and HIF-1, etc. In the experimental verification, an ELISA assay showed that plasma ZEB2, CAT, and KRT78 were decreased, and IL-1Α, CD5L, FBLN5, EGF, and KRT78 were increased in comparison to the above (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the SW620 cell viability was inhibited and the expressions of MAPK and the p-ERK/ERK ratio were significantly downregulated by the aqueous extract of BSJPJDD combined with oxaliplatin treatment, compared with oxaliplatin treatment alone (p < 0.05). These data suggested that BSJPJDD combined with oxaliplatin prolongs the survival and improves Karnofsky performance status of PCRC patients with LKYD-SDS, and may be associated with the regulation of multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Die Yang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhou
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Le Chen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Oncology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Oncology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hai Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Bing Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ahmad R, Singh JK, Wunnava A, Al-Obeed O, Abdulla M, Srivastava SK. Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:14. [PMID: 33655327 PMCID: PMC7834960 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently detected type of cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer‑related mortality globally. The American Cancer Society predicted that approximately 147,950 individuals would be diagnosed with CRC, out of which 53,200 individuals would succumb to the disease in the USA alone in 2020. CRC‑related mortality ranks third among both males and females in the USA. CRC arises from 3 major pathways: i) The adenoma‑carcinoma sequence; ii) serrated pathway; and iii) the inflammatory pathway. The majority of cases of CRC are sporadic and result from risk factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, processed diets, alcohol consumption and smoking. CRC is also a common preventable cancer. With widespread CRC screening, the incidence and mortality from CRC have decreased in developed countries. However, over the past few decades, CRC cases and mortality have been on the rise in young adults (age, <50 years). In addition, CRC cases are increasing in developing countries with a low gross domestic product (GDP) due to lifestyle changes. CRC is an etiologically heterogeneous disease classified by tumor location and alterations in global gene expression. Accumulating genetic and epigenetic perturbations and aberrations over time in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA mismatch repair genes could be a precursor to the onset of colorectal cancer. CRC can be divided as sporadic, familial, and inherited depending on the origin of the mutation. Germline mutations in APC and MLH1 have been proven to play an etiological role, resulting in the predisposition of individuals to CRC. Genetic alterations cause the dysregulation of signaling pathways leading to drug resistance, the inhibition of apoptosis and the induction of proliferation, invasion and migration, resulting in CRC development and metastasis. Timely detection and effective precision therapies based on the present knowledge of CRC is essential for successful treatment and patient survival. The present review presents the CRC incidence, risk factors, dysregulated signaling pathways and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Ahmad
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaikee Kumar Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Amoolya Wunnava
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Omar Al-Obeed
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
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Lu L, Townsend KA, Daigle BJ. GEOlimma: differential expression analysis and feature selection using pre-existing microarray data. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:44. [PMID: 33535967 PMCID: PMC7860207 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differential expression and feature selection analyses are essential steps for the development of accurate diagnostic/prognostic classifiers of complicated human diseases using transcriptomics data. These steps are particularly challenging due to the curse of dimensionality and the presence of technical and biological noise. A promising strategy for overcoming these challenges is the incorporation of pre-existing transcriptomics data in the identification of differentially expressed (DE) genes. This approach has the potential to improve the quality of selected genes, increase classification performance, and enhance biological interpretability. While a number of methods have been developed that use pre-existing data for differential expression analysis, existing methods do not leverage the identities of experimental conditions to create a robust metric for identifying DE genes. Results In this study, we propose a novel differential expression and feature selection method—GEOlimma—which combines pre-existing microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) with the widely-applied Limma method for differential expression analysis. We first quantify differential gene expression across 2481 pairwise comparisons from 602 curated GEO Datasets, and we convert differential expression frequencies to DE prior probabilities. Genes with high DE prior probabilities show enrichment in cell growth and death, signal transduction, and cancer-related biological pathways, while genes with low prior probabilities were enriched in sensory system pathways. We then applied GEOlimma to four differential expression comparisons within two human disease datasets and performed differential expression, feature selection, and supervised classification analyses. Our results suggest that use of GEOlimma provides greater experimental power to detect DE genes compared to Limma, due to its increased effective sample size. Furthermore, in a supervised classification analysis using GEOlimma as a feature selection method, we observed similar or better classification performance than Limma given small, noisy subsets of an asthma dataset. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that GEOlimma is a more effective method for differential gene expression and feature selection analyses compared to the standard Limma method. Due to its focus on gene-level differential expression, GEOlimma also has the potential to be applied to other high-throughput biological datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqun Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA
| | - Kevin A Townsend
- Department of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA
| | - Bernie J Daigle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA.
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Therapeutic Approaches for Metastases from Colorectal Cancer and Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010103. [PMID: 33466892 PMCID: PMC7830403 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the process of dissemination of a tumor, whereby cells from the primary site dislodge and find their way to other tissues where secondary tumors establish. Metastasis is the primary cause of death related to cancer. This process warrants changes in original tumoral cells and their microenvironment to establish a metastatic niche. Traditionally, cancer therapy has focused on metastasis prevention by systematic treatments or direct surgical re-sectioning. However, metastasis can still occur. More recently, new therapies direct their attention to targeting cancer stem cells. As they propose, these cells could be the orchestrators of the metastatic niche. In this review, we describe conventional and novel developments in cancer therapeutics for liver and lung metastasis. We further discuss the resistance mechanisms of targeted therapy, the advantages, and disadvantages of diverse treatment approaches, and future novel strategies to enhance cancer prognosis.
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Ilie DS, Mitroi G, Păun I, Ţenea-Cojan TŞ, Neamţu C, Totolici BD, Sapalidis K, Mogoantă SŞ, Murea A. Pathological and immunohistochemical study of colon cancer. Evaluation of markers for colon cancer stem cells. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2021; 62:117-124. [PMID: 34609414 PMCID: PMC8597393 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.62.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major public health problem worldwide with increasing morbidity and mortality. Numerous exogenous and endogenous factors are involved in colorectal carcinogenesis: age, sex, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, exposure to harmful environmental factors, intestinal microbiota, bacterial and viral infections, the ability of the host immune system to respond, genetic factors, etc. The present study analyzed histopathologically and immunohistochemically a number of 36 cases of colorectal adenocarcinomas. The existence of an accentuated cell pleomorphism was noted, which corresponds to different clones of tumor cells, in the same tumor coexisting aspects of tubular adenocarcinoma, mucinous areas and even signet-ring cell. The tumor stroma was mainly of the desmoplastic type, but also of the lax type, more or less infiltrated with inflammatory cells. Evaluation of immunomarkers for cancer stem cells (CSCs) showed that none of the markers used alone [cluster of differentiation (CD)133, CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1), CD24, CD26] show CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sorin Ilie
- Doctoral School, Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania;
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He J, Han J, Liu J, Yang R, Wang J, Wang X, Chen X. Genetic and Epigenetic Impact of Chronic Inflammation on Colon Mucosa Cells. Front Genet 2021; 12:722835. [PMID: 34764977 PMCID: PMC8576270 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.722835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation increases cancer risk, and cancer development is characterized by stepwise accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. During chronic inflammation, infectious agents and intrinsic mediators of inflammatory responses can induce genetic and epigenetic changes. This study tried to evaluate both the genetic and epigenetic influence of chronic inflammation on colon mucosa cells. Repetitive dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment induced chronic colitis model. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) (200× coverage) was performed to detect somatic variations in colon mucosa cells. With the use of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (BS) at 34-fold coverage (17-fold per strand), the methylome of both the colitis and control tissue was comparatively analyzed. Bioinformatics assay showed that there was no significant single-nucleotide polymorphism/insertion or deletion (SNP/InDel) mutation accumulation in colitis tissue, while it accumulated in aged mice. Forty-eight genes with SNP/InDel mutation were overlapped in the three colitis tissues, two (Wnt3a and Lama2) of which are in the cancer development-related signaling pathway. Differentially methylated region (DMR) assay showed that many genes in the colitis tissue are enriched in the cancer development-related signaling pathway, such as PI3K-AKT, Ras, Wnt, TGF-beta, and MAPK signaling pathway. Together, these data suggested that even though chronic inflammation did not obviously increase genetic mutation accumulation, it could both genetically and epigenetically alter some genes related to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jimin Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodong Chen, ; Xusheng Wang,
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodong Chen, ; Xusheng Wang,
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Pu Z, Yang F, Wang L, Diao Y, Chen D. Advancements of compounds targeting Wnt and Notch signalling pathways in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. J Drug Target 2020; 29:507-519. [PMID: 33307848 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1864741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt and Notch signalling pathways are important for maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity by intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Dysfunction of these pathways is implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. The objective of this review is to summarise advancements of drugs that regulate Wnt and Notch in the treatment of IBD and colon cancer. The compositions and biological effects of Wnt and Notch modulators in both ISCs and non-ISCs are discussed. The drugs, including phytochemicals, plant extracts, probiotics and synthetic compounds, have been found to regulate Wnt and Notch signalling pathways by targeting regulatory factors (including secreted frizzled-related proteins or pathway proteins such as β-catenin and γ-secretase) to alleviate IBD and colon cancer. This review highlights the potential for targeting Wnt and Notch pathways to treat IBD and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuonan Pu
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunpeng Diao
- Colleage of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Fransvea P, Costa G, Sganga G. Colorectal cancer: Greater neo-angiogenesis, less perforation, worst oncological outcomes. Med Hypotheses 2020; 146:110458. [PMID: 33341528 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Little attention has been paid to the anatomopathological factors and pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in CRC perforation. Perforation is one of the most serious complications occurring up to 11% of the cases and may also be the first manifestation of the tumor. Differentiation and angiogenesis have an important role in the tumor perforation mechanism. On the one hand, a greater expression of vascularization optimizes the supply of oxygen to the tumor and thus entails a lower necrotic wall rate and thus of perforation, on the other it is associated with a lower rate of differentiation and hence to a more aggressive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Fransvea
- Chirurgia d'Urgenza e del Trauma, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Costa
- Università Policlinico Campus Biomedico Roma, Italy; Surgical and Medical Department of Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Teaching Hospital, Sapienza University of Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sganga
- Chirurgia d'Urgenza e del Trauma, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Cuellar-Núñez ML, Loarca-Piña G, Berhow M, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Glucosinolate-rich hydrolyzed extract from Moringa oleifera leaves decreased the production of TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines and induced ROS and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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38
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Revilla G, Cedó L, Tondo M, Moral A, Pérez JI, Corcoy R, Lerma E, Fuste V, Reddy ST, Blanco-Vaca F, Mato E, Escolà-Gil JC. LDL, HDL and endocrine-related cancer: From pathogenic mechanisms to therapies. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:134-157. [PMID: 33249202 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for a variety of functions in endocrine-related cells, including hormone and steroid production. We have reviewed the progress to date in research on the role of the main cholesterol-containing lipoproteins; low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and their impact on intracellular cholesterol homeostasis and carcinogenic pathways in endocrine-related cancers. Neither LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) nor HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) was consistently associated with endocrine-related cancer risk. However, preclinical studies showed that LDL receptor plays a critical role in endocrine-related tumor cells, mainly by enhancing circulating LDL-C uptake and modulating tumorigenic signaling pathways. Although scavenger receptor type BI-mediated uptake of HDL could enhance cell proliferation in breast, prostate, and ovarian cancer, these effects may be counteracted by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of HDL. Moreover, 27-hydroxycholesterol a metabolite of cholesterol promotes tumorigenic processes in breast and epithelial thyroid cancer. Furthermore, statins have been reported to reduce the incidence of breast, prostate, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer in large clinical trials, in part because of their ability to lower cholesterol synthesis. Overall, cholesterol homeostasis deregulation in endocrine-related cancers offers new therapeutic opportunities, but more mechanistic studies are needed to translate the preclinical findings into clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Revilla
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C/ Antoni M. Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Cedó
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona Spain; Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Moral
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C/ Antoni M. Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Pérez
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Corcoy
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C/ Antoni M. Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Lerma
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona Spain; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Fuste
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona Spain; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Srivinasa T Reddy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1736, USA
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona Spain; Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eugènia Mato
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona Spain.
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Jin K, Ren C, Liu Y, Lan H, Wang Z. An update on colorectal cancer microenvironment, epigenetic and immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107041. [PMID: 33045561 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered as the second most common cancer worldwide. For the past few years, the role of immunotherapy has been extensively studied and it has been demonstrated that its related approaches, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, are promising. In addition to identifying molecular characteristics of tumor cells, recent studies are mainly focused on the profiling of tumor microenvironment. Dissecting immune status of a tumor is interesting, since development of a tumor is associated with deficiencies relate to immune defense, immune surveillance and immune hemostasis. In this review, we discuss main obstacles of immunotherapy including immunosuppressive niche and low immunogenicity of CRC as well as reviewing current achievements in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China
| | - Chengcheng Ren
- Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuyao Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Huanrong Lan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Gonzalez-Villarreal CA, Quiroz-Reyes AG, Islas JF, Garza-Treviño EN. Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells in the Progression to Liver Metastasis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1511. [PMID: 32974184 PMCID: PMC7468493 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality. Tumorigenesis is a dynamic process wherein cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their microenvironment promote initiation, progression, and metastasis. Metastatic colonization is an inefficient process that is very complex and is poorly understood; however, in most cases, metastatic disease is not curable, and resistance mechanisms tend to develop against conventional treatments. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms and factors that contribute to the development of metastasis in CRC can aid in the search for specific therapeutic targets for improving standard treatments. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding tumor biology and the use of stroma cells as prognostic factors and inflammatory inducers associated with the use of tumor microenvironments as a promoter of cancer metastasis. Moreover, we look into the importance of CSC, pericytes, and circulating tumor cells as mechanisms that lead to liver metastasis, and we also focus on the cellular and molecular pathways that modulate and regulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Finally, we discuss a novel therapeutic target that can potentially eliminate CSCs as a CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana G Quiroz-Reyes
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Jose F Islas
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Elsa N Garza-Treviño
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
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The Curcumin Analogue, MS13 (1,5-Bis(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one), Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Primary and Metastatic Human Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173798. [PMID: 32825505 PMCID: PMC7504349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on colon cancer have been well documented but specific structural modifications of curcumin have been shown to possess greater growth-suppressive potential on colon cancer than curcumin. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the anti-cancer properties of curcumin analogue-MS13, a diarylpentanoid on the cytotoxicity, anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity of primary (SW480) and metastatic (SW620) human colon cancer cells. A cell viability assay showed that MS13 has greater cytotoxicity effect on SW480 (EC50: 7.5 ± 2.8 µM) and SW620 (EC50: 5.7 ± 2.4 µM) compared to curcumin (SW480, EC50: 30.6 ± 1.4 µM) and SW620, EC50: 26.8 ± 2.1 µM). Treatment with MS13 at two different doses 1X EC50 and 2X EC50 suppressed the colon cancer cells growth with lower cytotoxicity against normal cells. A greater anti-proliferative effect was also observed in MS13 treated colon cancer cells compared to curcumin at 48 and 72 h. Subsequent analysis on the induction of apoptosis showed that MS13 treated cells exhibited morphological features associated with apoptosis. The findings are also consistent with cellular apoptotic activities shown by increased caspase-3 activity and decreased Bcl-2 protein level in both colon cancer cell lines. In conclusion, MS13 able to suppress colon cancer cell growth by inhibiting cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in primary and metastatic human colon cancer cells.
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Lu X, Zhou Y, Meng J, Jiang L, Gao J, Cheng Y, Yan H, Wang Y, Zhang B, Li X, Yan F. RNA processing genes characterize RNA splicing and further stratify colorectal cancer. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12861. [PMID: 32596958 PMCID: PMC7445406 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Due to the limited evaluation of the prognostic value of RNA processing genes (RPGs), which are regulators of alternative splicing events (ASEs) that have been shown to be associated with tumour progression, this study sought to determine whether colorectal cancer (CRC) could be further stratified based on the expression pattern of RPGs. Materials and Methods The gene expression profiles of CRCs were collected from TCGA (training set) and three external validation cohorts, representing 1060 cases totally. Cox regression with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalty was used to develop an RNA processing gene index (RPGI) risk score. Kaplan‐Meier curves, multivariate Cox regression and restricted mean survival (RMS) analyses were harnessed to evaluate the prognostic value of the RPGI. Results A 22‐gene RPGI signature was developed, and its risk score served as a strong independent prognostic factor across all data sets when adjusted for major clinical variables. Moreover, ASEs for certain genes, such as FGFR1 and the RAS oncogene family, were significantly correlated with RPGI. Expression levels of genes involved in splicing‐ and tumour‐associated pathways were significantly correlated with RPGI score. Furthermore, a combination of RPGI with age and tumour stage resulted in significantly improved prognostic accuracy. Conclusions Our findings highlighted the prognostic value of RPGs for risk stratification of CRC patients and provide insights into specific ASEs associated with the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Liyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hangyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fangrong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Jahangiri A, Dadmanesh M, Ghorban K. STAT3 inhibition reduced PD-L1 expression and enhanced antitumor immune responses. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9457-9463. [PMID: 32401358 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one the most common diagnosed cancers in America and Europe. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in colon cancer is associated with proliferation of the tumor cells and suppression of immune responses. STAT3 activation upregulates the transcription of many suppressor genes, including programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). This study was aimed to investigate the effect of STAT3 inhibition in a colon cancer cell line, HCT-15, and particularly in presence of samples obtained from the patients suffering from colon cancer. In this project, the expression of PD-L1 and apoptosis-related proteins were assessed following STAT3 inhibition, using FLLL32, in HCT-15 cells. To evaluate the effects of STAT3 inhibition on immune response, lymphocytes from 20 men with Stage III colon cancer and 20 healthy donors were cocultured with HCT-15 cells in presence or absence of STAT3 inhibitor. Then, T regulatory (T-reg) cell evaluation and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) were performed using flowcytometry to assess the T-reg and T helper (Th) subset cytokines following STAT3 inhibition. STAT3 inhibition suppressed PD-L1 expression and induced apoptosis in HCT-15 cells. The population of T-reg cells in patients with colon cancer significantly decreased after treatment with STAT3 inhibitor. ICS revealed that STAT3 inhibition promotes Th1 protective immune responses. These findings suggest that STAT3 inhibition through either induction of apoptosis in the colon cancer cells and/or activation of efficient immune responses can lead to overcome cancer-induced immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Jahangiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Dadmanesh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khodayar Ghorban
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hashem S, Nisar S, Sageena G, Macha MA, Yadav SK, Krishnankutty R, Uddin S, Haris M, Bhat AA. Therapeutic Effects of Curcumol in Several Diseases; An Overview. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:181-195. [PMID: 32285707 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1749676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheema Hashem
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Santosh K. Yadav
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A. Bhat
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
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45
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Wei F, Wang M, Li Z, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Long Non-coding RNA MIR570MG Causes Regorafenib Resistance in Colon Cancer by Repressing miR-145/SMAD3 Signaling. Front Oncol 2020; 10:291. [PMID: 32195190 PMCID: PMC7066208 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have shown that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) dysregulation plays a fundamental role in the development of various cancers, including colon cancer. Nonetheless, the mechanisms of lncRNA in regorafenib-resistance remain unclear. Our research revealed the lncRNA MIR570MG increased in regorafenib-resistant colon cancer cells compared to the regorafenib-sensitive cells. Furthermore, MIR570MG sponged miR-145, which declined in regorafenib-resistant colon cancer cell lines. More importantly, overexpression of miR-145 hampered cell proliferation and retrieved colon cancer regorafenib-sensitivity, contrary to the function of MIR570MG. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-145 bound to 3′-UTR of SMAD3, a transcriptional modulator activated by TGFβ, resulting in blockage of TGFβ /SMAD3-mediated cell growth and cycle progression. Besides, ectopic expression of miR-145 inhibitor in the parental cells endowed resistance to regorafenib. Inversely, knockdown of MIR570MG impoverished resistance against regorafenib. Additionally, overexpression of MIR570MG conquered the suppression of tumor growth by miR-146 and rehabilitated the resistance to regorafenib in HCT116R human colon cancer mouse models. In summary, our findings suggested that MIR570MG promoted regorafenib resistance via releasing SMAD3 from miR-145, leading to activation of SMAD3-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mofei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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46
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Immunotherapy, Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030618. [PMID: 32143413 PMCID: PMC7140520 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer type, and third highest in mortality rates among cancer-related deaths in the United States. Originating from intestinal epithelial cells in the colon and rectum, that are impacted by numerous factors including genetics, environment and chronic, lingering inflammation, CRC can be a problematic malignancy to treat when detected at advanced stages. Chemotherapeutic agents serve as the historical first line of defense in the treatment of metastatic CRC. In recent years, however, combinational treatment with targeted therapies, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, or epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, has proven to be quite effective in patients with specific CRC subtypes. While scientific and clinical advances have uncovered promising new treatment options, the five-year survival rate for metastatic CRC is still low at about 14%. Current research into the efficacy of immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI) in mismatch repair deficient and microsatellite instability high (dMMR-MSI-H) CRC tumors have shown promising results, but its use in other CRC subtypes has been either unsuccessful, or not extensively explored. This Review will focus on the current status of immunotherapies, including ICI, vaccination and adoptive T cell therapy (ATC) in the treatment of CRC and its potential use, not only in dMMR-MSI-H CRC, but also in mismatch repair proficient and microsatellite instability low (pMMR-MSI-L).
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Helmy MW, Ghoneim AI, Katary MA, Elmahdy RK. The synergistic anti-proliferative effect of the combination of diosmin and BEZ-235 (dactolisib) on the HCT-116 colorectal cancer cell line occurs through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB axis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2217-2230. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang D, He J, Dong J, Meyer TF, Xu T. The HIPPO pathway in gynecological malignancies. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:610-629. [PMID: 32195031 PMCID: PMC7061741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway has been initially discovered by screening genes that regulate organ size in Drosophila. Recent studies have highlighted the role of the Hippo pathway in controlling organ size, tissue homeostasis and regeneration, and signaling dysregulation, especially the overactivation of the transcriptional coactivator YAP/TAZ, which leads to uncontrolled cell growth and malignant transformation. The core components of the Hippo pathway may initiate tumorigenesis by inducing tumor stem cells and proliferation, ultimately leading to metastasis and drug resistance, which occurs extensively in gynecological malignancies, including cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer. In this review, we attempt to systematically summarize recent progress in our understanding of the mechanism of Hippo pathway regulation in tumorigenesis and the mechanisms that underlie alterations during gynecological malignancies, as well as new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Junxue Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, P. R. China
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlin, Germany
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, P. R. China
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Buxhofer-Ausch V, Ausch C, Reiner A, Müllner-Ammer K, Schmid A, Kriwanek S, Sebesta C, Halwachs-Baumann G, Kriegshäuser G. SFRP1 promotor methylation analysis of FTA card touch-prep samples derived from colonic polyps. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 114:104397. [PMID: 32007530 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Whatman FTA® cards provide the most reliable method for DNA storage and extraction, however, the literature lacks reports on the epigenetic analysis of FTA card-derived tumor DNA. Therefore, this study aimed at demonstrating that punches from colonic adenoma samples preserved on FTA filter cards are suitable for methylation analysis by real-time methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Genomic DNA was isolated from a total of 40 sporadic colorectal adenoma samples stored on FTA cards for a median of 59.60 (range 48-72) months. After bisulfite treatment, deaminated DNA was analyzed by SYBR Green real-time MSP using primers specific for methylated and unmethylated promotor sequences of the secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) gene. Amplifiable DNA could be isolated from all FTA card punches while SFRP1 promotor methylation was present in 34/40 (85.0%) colorectal adenomas. Our results indicate that genomic DNA isolated from colonic tumor samples preserved on FTA cards is suitable for downstream methylation detection methodologies such as MSP even after prolonged storage periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch
- Department of Internal Medicine I for Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria; Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Ausch
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Göttlicher Heiland, Austria.
| | - Angelika Reiner
- Department of Pathology, Donauspital, Vienna - SMZO, Austria
| | | | - Alfons Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Donauspital - SMZO, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christian Sebesta
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Donauspital - SMZO, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gernot Kriegshäuser
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital, Steyr, Austria; Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University, Graz, Austria
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50
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Nie X, Liu H, Liu L, Wang YD, Chen WD. Emerging Roles of Wnt Ligands in Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1341. [PMID: 32923386 PMCID: PMC7456893 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is universal in most CRC cases. Wnt ligands (Wnts) are secreted glycoproteins and fundamentally essential for the transduction of Wnt signaling pathway. However, the 19 members of Wnts in humans imply a daunting complexity of Wnt signaling and biological effects, and our understanding of their roles in CRC tumorigenesis is still quite rudimentary. This review will give an overview of the structural characteristics and maturation process of Wnts. The expression pattern of all human Wnts in CRC tissues, including Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Wnt6, Wnt7a, Wnt7b, Wnt8a, Wnt8b, Wnt9a, Wnt9b, Wnt10a, Wnt10b, Wnt11, and Wnt16, and their relationship with the tumorigenesis and the progression of CRC will be specifically summarized separately. Despite certain challenges, Wnt-based therapeutics for CRC emerge continuously and some are now in clinical trials. In conclusion, a deep understanding of Wnts is very helpful for a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Nie
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Huiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Dong Wang
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Wei-Dong Chen
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