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Piper AK, Penney C, Holliday J, Tincknell G, Ma Y, Napaki S, Pantel K, Brungs D, Ranson M. EGFR and PI3K Signalling Pathways as Promising Targets on Circulating Tumour Cells from Patients with Metastatic Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5565. [PMID: 38791602 PMCID: PMC11122469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma (mGAC) remains poor. Gene alterations in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and their downstream effectors including catalytic subunit alpha of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3CA) are common in mGAC. Targeted RTK and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) treatments have demonstrated clinical benefits in other solid tumours and are key potential targets for clinical development against mGAC given the presence of recurrent alterations in these pathways. Furthermore, combination RTK/PI3K treatments may overcome compensatory mechanisms that arise using monotherapies, leading to improved patient outcomes. Herein, we investigated RTK/PI3K single and combination drug responses against our unique human mGAC-derived PIK3CA gain-of-function mutant, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, EGFR-expressing circulating tumour cell line, UWG02CTC, under two- and three-dimensional culture conditions to model different stages of metastasis. UWG02CTCs were highly responsive to the PI3K p110α-subunit targeted drugs PIK-75 (IC50 = 37.0 ± 11.1 nM) or alpelisib (7.05 ± 3.7 µM). Drug sensitivities were significantly increased in 3D conditions. Compensatory MAPK/ERK pathway upregulation by PI3K/Akt suppression was overcome by combination treatment with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib, which was strongly synergistic. PIK-75 plus gefitinib significantly impaired UWG02CTC invasion in an organotypic assay. In conclusion, UWG02CTCs are a powerful ex vivo mGAC drug responsiveness model revealing EGFR/PI3K-targeted drugs as a promising combination treatment option for HER2-negative, RAS wild-type mGAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Piper
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Chelsea Penney
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Holliday
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Gary Tincknell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Yafeng Ma
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics & Research at the Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South-Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Sarbar Napaki
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute for Tumor Biology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Brungs
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Yu J, Li H, Huang C, Chen H. Identification and characterization of ferroptosis-related genes in therapy-resistant gastric cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38193. [PMID: 38758860 PMCID: PMC11098190 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance in gastric cancer poses ongoing challenges, necessitating the identification of ferroptosis-related genes linked to overall survival for potential therapeutic insights. The purpose of the study was to identify ferroptosis-related genes contributing to therapy resistance in gastric cancer and explore their associations with overall survival. Differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes were identified in therapy-resistant versus therapy-responsive gastric cancer patients. Hub genes were selected from these genes. Enrichment analysis focused on oxidative stress and ROS metabolism. Validation was conducted in a TCGA stomach adenocarcinoma dataset. A hub gene-based risk model (DUSP1/TNF/NOX4/LONP1) was constructed and assessed for overall survival prediction. Associations with the tumor immune microenvironment were examined using the ESTIMATE algorithm and correlation analysis. Ten hub genes were identified, enriched in oxidative stress and ROS metabolism. Validation confirmed their aberrant expressions in the TCGA dataset. The hub gene-based risk model effectively predicted overall survival. High G6PD/TNF expression and low NOX4/SREBF1/MAPK3/DUSP1/KRAS/SIRT3/LONP1 expression correlated with stromal and immune scores. KRAS/TNF/MAPK3 expression positively correlated with immune-related SREBF1/NOX4 expression. DUSP1/NOX4/SREBF1/TNF/KRAS expression was associated with immune cell infiltration. The hub gene-based risk model (DUSP1/TNF/NOX4/LONP1) shows promise as an overall survival predictor in gastric cancer. Ferroptosis-related hub genes represent potential therapeutic targets for overcoming therapy resistance in gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieli Yu
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Oncology, Pengze County People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Can Huang
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Huoguo Chen
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
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Shahid A, Santos SG, Lin C, Huang Y. Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor in Tobacco Smoking-Associated Lung Cancer Development. Biomedicines 2024; 12:563. [PMID: 38540176 PMCID: PMC10967781 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant global health concern, with lung cancer consistently leading as one of the most common malignancies. Genetic aberrations involving receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are known to be associated with cancer initiation and development, but RTK involvement in smoking-associated lung cancer cases is not well understood. The Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF-1R) is a receptor that plays a critical role in lung cancer development. Its signaling pathway affects the growth and survival of cancer cells, and high expression is linked to poor prognosis and resistance to treatment. Several reports have shown that by activating IGF-1R, tobacco smoke-related carcinogens promote lung cancer and chemotherapy resistance. However, the relationship between IGF-1R and cancer is complex and can vary depending on the type of cancer. Ongoing investigations are focused on developing therapeutic strategies to target IGF-1R and overcome chemotherapy resistance. Overall, this review explores the intricate connections between tobacco smoke-specific carcinogens and the IGF-1R pathway in lung carcinogenesis. This review further highlights the challenges in using IGF-1R inhibitors as targeted therapy for lung cancer due to structural similarities with insulin receptors. Overcoming these obstacles may require a comprehensive approach combining IGF-1R inhibition with other selective agents for successful cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Shaira Gail Santos
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Carol Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
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Cao Y, Wu C, Ma L. Lysine demethylase 5B (KDM5B): A key regulator of cancer drug resistance. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23587. [PMID: 38014925 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance, a roadblock in the chemotherapy process, has been impeding its effective treatment. KDM5B, a member of the histone demethylase family, has been crucial in the emergence and growth of malignancies. More significantly, KDM5B has recently been linked closely to cancer's resistance to chemotherapy. In this review, we explain the biological properties of KDM5B, its function in the emergence and evolution of cancer treatment resistance, and our hopes for future drug resistance-busting combinations involving KDM5B and related targets or medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaquan Cao
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Chunli Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Drug, China Meheco Topfond Pharmaceutical Company, Zhumadian, China
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Cao LL, Wu YK, Lin TX, Lin M, Chen YJ, Wang LQ, Wang JB, Lin JX, Lu J, Chen QY, Tu RH, Huang ZN, Lin JL, Zheng HL, Xie JW, Li P, Huang CM, Zheng CH. CDK5 promotes apoptosis and attenuates chemoresistance in gastric cancer via E2F1 signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:286. [PMID: 37990321 PMCID: PMC10664659 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance is a major clinical challenge that leads to tumor metastasis and poor clinical outcome. The mechanisms underlying gastric cancer resistance to chemotherapy are still unclear. METHODS We conducted bioinformatics analyses of publicly available patient datasets to establish an apoptotic phenotype and determine the key pathways and clinical significance. In vitro cell models, in vivo mouse models, and numerous molecular assays, including western blotting, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and coimmunoprecipitation assays were used to clarify the role of factors related to apoptosis in gastric cancer in this study. Differences between datasets were analyzed using the Student's t-test and two-way ANOVA; survival rates were estimated based on Kaplan-Meier analysis; and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate prognostic factors. RESULTS Bulk transcriptomic analysis of gastric cancer samples established an apoptotic phenotype. Proapoptotic tumors were enriched for DNA repair and immune inflammatory signaling and associated with improved prognosis and chemotherapeutic benefits. Functionally, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) promoted apoptosis of gastric cancer cells and sensitized cells and mice to oxaliplatin. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CDK5 stabilizes DP1 through direct binding to DP1 and subsequent activation of E2F1 signaling. Clinicopathological analysis indicated that CDK5 depletion correlated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in human gastric tumors. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that CDK5 promotes cell apoptosis by stabilizing DP1 and activating E2F1 signaling, suggesting its potential role in the prognosis and therapeutic decisions for patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Long Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Kai Wu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tong-Xin Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mi Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jing Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling-Qian Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Bin Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ru-Hong Tu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ze-Ning Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ju-Li Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua-Long Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Sahgal P, Patil DT, Bala P, Sztupinszki ZM, Tisza V, Spisak S, Luong AG, Huffman B, Prosz A, Singh H, Lazaro JB, Szallasi Z, Cleary JM, Sethi NS. Replicative stress in gastroesophageal cancer is associated with chromosomal instability and sensitivity to DNA damage response inhibitors. iScience 2023; 26:108169. [PMID: 37965133 PMCID: PMC10641495 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) is an aggressive malignancy with chromosomal instability (CIN). To understand adaptive responses enabling DNA damage response (DDR) and CIN, we analyzed matched normal, premalignant, and malignant gastric lesions from human specimens and a carcinogen-induced mouse model, observing activation of replication stress, DDR, and p21 in neoplastic progression. In GEA cell lines, expression of DDR markers correlated with ploidy abnormalities, such as number of high-level focal amplifications and whole-genome duplication (WGD). Integrating TP53 status, ploidy abnormalities, and DDR markers into a compositive score helped predict GEA cell lines with enhanced sensitivity to Chk1/2 and Wee1 inhibition, either alone or combined with irinotecan (SN38). We demonstrate that Chk1/2 or Wee1 inhibition combined with SN38/irinotecan shows greater anti-tumor activity in human gastric cancer organoids and an in vivo xenograft mouse model. These findings indicate that specific DDR biomarkers and ploidy abnormalities may predict premalignant progression and response to DDR pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranshu Sahgal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deepa T. Patil
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pratyusha Bala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zsofia M. Sztupinszki
- Danish Cancer Institute, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Viktoria Tisza
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sandor Spisak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna G. Luong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brandon Huffman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aurel Prosz
- Danish Cancer Institute, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harshabad Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jean-Bernard Lazaro
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair (CDDR), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Danish Cancer Institute, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - James M. Cleary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nilay S. Sethi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Paskas S, Stockmann P, Mijatović S, Kuhnert L, Honscha W, Hey-Hawkins E, Maksimović-Ivanić D. Carborane-Based ABCG2-Inhibitors Sensitize ABC-(Over)Expressing Cancer Cell Lines for Doxorubicin and Cisplatin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1582. [PMID: 38004447 PMCID: PMC10674596 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ABCG2 transporter protein, as part of several known mechanisms involved in multidrug resistance, has the ability to transport a broad spectrum of substrates out of the cell and is, therefore, considered as a potential target to improve cancer therapies or as an approach to combat drug resistance in cancer. We have previously reported carborane-functionalized quinazoline derivatives as potent inhibitors of human ABCG2 which effectively reversed breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)-mediated mitoxantrone resistance. In this work, we present the evaluation of our most promising carboranyl BCRP inhibitors regarding their toxicity towards ABCG2-expressing cancer cell lines (MCF-7, doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 or MCF-7 Doxo, HT29, and SW480) and, consequently, with the co-administration of an inhibitor and therapeutic agent, their ability to increase the efficacy of therapeutics with the successful inhibition of ABCG2. The results obtained revealed synergistic effects of several inhibitors in combination with doxorubicin or cisplatin. Compounds DMQCa, DMQCc, and DMQCd showed a decrease in IC50 value in ABCB1- and ABCG2-expressing SW480 cells, suggesting a possible targeting of both transporters. In an HT29 cell line, with the highest expression of ABCG2 among the tested cell lines, using co-treatment of doxorubicin and DMQCd, the effective inhibitory concentration of the antineoplastic agent could be reduced by half. Interestingly, co-treatment of compound QCe with cisplatin, which is not an ABCG2 substrate, showed synergistic effects in MCF-7 Doxo and HT29 cells (IC50 values halved or reduced by 20%, respectively). However, a literature-known upregulation of cisplatin-effluxing ABC transporters and their effective inhibition by the carborane derivatives emerges as a possible reason.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Paskas
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade University, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Philipp Stockmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade University, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Lydia Kuhnert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.); (W.H.)
| | - Walther Honscha
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.); (W.H.)
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade University, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.P.); (S.M.)
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8
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Tang F, Xu Y, Gao E, Zhang W, Zhang F, Xiang Y, Xu L, Dong F. Amentoflavone attenuates cell proliferation and induces ferroptosis in human gastric cancer by miR-496/ATF2 axis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:782-792. [PMID: 37455326 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Amentoflavone (AF) is a natural multifunctional biflavonoid that has been revealed to possess multiple biological activities, including anticancer activity. Here, this work focused on exploring the functions and mechanism of AF in gastric cancer (GC). Levels of genes and proteins were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Cell proliferation and cell death were analyzed using cell counting kit-8, colony formation, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, respectively. Cell ferroptosis was evaluated by detecting the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), Fe2+ , and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The binding between miR-496 and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) was confirmed by using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Murine xenograft assay was conducted for in vivo experiments. The results showed that AF suppressed the proliferation and induced ferroptotic cell death in GC cells. MiR-496 expression was decreased in GC tissues and cells, and AF treatment increased miR-496 expression level in GC cells. Functionally, miR-496 inhibition reversed the inhibitory effects of AF on GC cell proliferation and promoting effects on ferroptotic cell death. Mechanistically, ATF2 was targeted by miR-496. ATF2 expression was increased in GC tissues and cells, which was decreased by AF treatment and subsequently rescued by miR-496 downregulation in GC cells. Moreover, miR-496 overexpression suppressed the proliferation and induced ferroptotic cell death in GC cells via targeting ATF2. In all, AF suppressed the proliferation and induced ferroptotic cell death in GC cells via miR-496/ATF2 axis, indicating a novel therapeutic approach for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Tang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Clinical major of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yongpan Xu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Clinical major of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Erpeng Gao
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Fengli Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Lixiaoyuan Xu
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Fen Dong
- Internal Medicine-Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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9
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Kazemi A, Goodarzi M, Daneshipour K, Sarabadani H, Shahpar Z, Hajiagha BS, Kheradjoo H, Mohammadzadehsaliani S. Unrevealing the vital role of ncRNAs in Gastric Cancer chemoresistance. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154761. [PMID: 37689003 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The high incidence of gastric cancer in many nations and poor overall survival rates has remained a serious global health concern. Chemoresistance in gastric cancer is a significant issue that hinders the efficacy of available treatment options. In gastric cancer, non-coding RNAs like microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs have become effective regulators of chemoresistance. These non-coding RNAs can influence several mechanisms, including drug efflux transporters, drug metabolism, and detoxification, cancer stem cells and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, autophagy and apoptosis, and the tumor microenvironment. In this article review, we summarize the key roles non-coding RNAs play in the chemoresistance of gastric cancer and consider how they might be used in clinical settings as markers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as potential targets and treatment plans. We also emphasize the need for additional study and collaborations in this area and highlight the difficulties and opportunities in non-coding RNA research for gastric cancer chemoresistance. This review offers crucial insights into the intricate relationship between non-coding RNAs and chemoresistance in gastric cancer, with implications for precision oncology and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Kazemi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Masomeh Goodarzi
- Department of Biology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Kosar Daneshipour
- Department of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Sarabadani
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Information Technology & Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Zahra Shahpar
- M.Sc, Technical Department, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Bahareh Salmanian Hajiagha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Gupta J, Ahmed AT, Tayyib NA, Zabibah RS, Shomurodov Q, Kadheim MN, Alsaikhan F, Ramaiah P, Chinnasamy L, Samarghandian S. A state-of-art of underlying molecular mechanisms and pharmacological interventions/nanotherapeutics for cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115337. [PMID: 37659203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fourth common reason of death among patients is gastric cancer (GC) and it is a dominant tumor type in Ease Asia. One of the problems in GC therapy is chemoresistance. Cisplatin (CP) is a platinum compound that causes DNA damage in reducing tumor progression and viability of cancer cells. However, due to hyperactivation of drug efflux pumps, dysregulation of genes and interactions in tumor microenvironment, tumor cells can develop resistance to CP chemotherapy. The current review focuses on the CP resistance emergence in GC cells with emphasizing on molecular pathways, pharmacological compounds for reversing chemoresistance and the role of nanostructures. Changes in cell death mechanisms such as upregulation of pro-survival autophagy can prevent CP-mediated apoptosis that results in drug resistance. Moreover, increase in metastasis via EMT induction induces CP resistance. Dysregulation of molecular pathways such as PTEN, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2 and others result in changes in CP response of GC cells. Non-coding RNAs determine CP response of GC cells and application of pharmacological compounds with activity distinct of CP can result in sensitivity in tumor cells. Due to efficacy of exosomes in transferring bioactive molecules such as RNA and DNA molecules among GC cells, exosomes can also result in CP resistance. One of the newest progresses in overcoming CP resistance in GC is application of nanoplatforms for delivery of CP in GC therapy that they can increase accumulation of CP at tumor site and by suppressing carcinogenic factors and overcoming biological barriers, they increase CP toxicity on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, U.P., India
| | | | - Nahla A Tayyib
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Qakhramon Shomurodov
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Scientific Affairs, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Mostafai N Kadheim
- Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit 52001, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 10022 Iraq
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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11
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Yang X, Du Y, Luo L, Xu X, Xiong S, Yang X, Guo L, Liang T. Deciphering the Enigmatic Influence: Non-Coding RNAs Orchestrating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13909. [PMID: 37762212 PMCID: PMC10530696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression of specific non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been strongly linked to tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and therapeutic resistance. These ncRNAs can act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors, thereby serving as valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers. Numerous studies have implicated the participation of ncRNAs in the regulation of diverse signaling pathways, including the pivotal Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that is widely acknowledged for its pivotal role in embryogenesis, cellular proliferation, and tumor biology control. Recent emerging evidence has shed light on the capacity of ncRNAs to interact with key components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby modulating the expression of Wnt target genes in cancer cells. Notably, the activity of this pathway can reciprocally influence the expression levels of ncRNAs. However, comprehensive analysis investigating the specific ncRNAs associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and their intricate interactions in cancer remains elusive. Based on these noteworthy findings, this review aims to unravel the intricate associations between ncRNAs and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during cancer initiation, progression, and their potential implications for therapeutic interventions. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of ncRNAs and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, accompanied by a thorough discussion of their functional roles in tumor biology. Targeting ncRNAs and molecules associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may emerge as a promising and effective therapeutic strategy in future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (Y.D.); (L.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Yajing Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (Y.D.); (L.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Lulu Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (Y.D.); (L.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Xinru Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (Y.D.); (L.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Shizheng Xiong
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (S.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xueni Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (S.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (S.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Tingming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (Y.D.); (L.L.); (X.X.)
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12
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Uqaili AA, Usman G, Bhatti U, Nasir H, Zia R, Akram MA, Jawad FA, Farid A, AbdelGawwad MR, Almutairi SM, Elshikh MS, Hussain S, Rasheed RA. Bioinformatics, RNA sequencing, and targeted bisulfite sequencing analyses identify the role of PROM2 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:5389-5407. [PMID: 37692961 PMCID: PMC10492044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prominin 2 (PROM2) gene has been reported as a molecular biomarker of human cancers; however, its role is still controversial. This study was therefore arranged to seek the role of PROM2 in different cancers with Bioinformatics and in vitro analyses. METHODS A combination of bioinformatics and molecular experiments. RESULTS Through the utilization of Bioinformatics analysis, it was observed that in 19 out of the 24 human cancers studied, there was a significant increase in the expression of PROM2 compared to the respective control samples. Additionally, the overexpression of PROM2 was linked specifically to a decrease in overall survival (OS) among breast cancer (BRCA), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) patients. Furthermore, advanced molecular investigations were conducted, encompassing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) as well as targeted bisulfite sequencing (bisulfite-seq) assessments of PROM2. These analyses were performed across an array of lung cancer cell lines (A549, ABC-1, EBC-1, and LK-2) and a normal control lung cell line (MRC-9). Results of these analysis revealed overexpression and reduced methylation of PROM2 within lung cancer cell lines, relative to the corresponding control cell line. This suggests that PROM2 assumes a substantial function in the advancement and course of BRCA, LUAD, and UCEC cancers. Subsequent pathway analysis revealed that genes enriched by PROM2 are actively engaged in four pivotal pathways. Additionally, intriguing associations were observed between PROM2 expression, tumor purity, infiltration of CD8+ T immune cells, and genetic modifications. Moreover, we also predicted a few MicroRNAs (miRNAs), transcription factors (TFs), and potential drugs that could help to understand and better manage these cancers via designing appropriate therapies targeting PROM2. CONCLUSION Via this study, we effectively revealed PROM2 overexpression as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of survival in BRCA, LUAD, and UCEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Ahmed Uqaili
- Department of Physiology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health SciencesJamshoro 76090, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Usman
- Department of Community Medicine, LUMHSJamshoro 76090, Pakistan
| | - Urooj Bhatti
- Department of Physiology, LUMHSJamshoro 76090, Pakistan
| | - Hilal Nasir
- Clinical and Translational Oncology, Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Naples Federico II UniversityNaples 80131, Italy
| | - Rabeea Zia
- Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research CenterLahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aitzaz Akram
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Fahim Ali Jawad
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology-University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Afshan Farid
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Ragab AbdelGawwad
- Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of SarajevoSarajevo 71210, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Saeedah Musaed Almutairi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityP.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityP.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Hussain
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Rabab Ahmed Rasheed
- Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International UniversitySouth Sinai, Egypt
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13
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Hassan MS, Awasthi N, Ponna S, von Holzen U. Nab-Paclitaxel in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers-Improvements in Clinical Efficacy and Safety. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2000. [PMID: 37509639 PMCID: PMC10377238 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) are one of the most useful classes of anticancer drugs. Taxanes are highly hydrophobic; therefore, these drugs must be dissolved in organic solvents (polysorbate or Cremophor EL), which contribute to their toxicities. To reduce this toxicity and to enhance their efficacy, novel formulations have been developed. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) is an albumin-stabilized, Cremophor-free, and water-soluble nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel. Nab-paclitaxel has better solubility and less infusion-associated toxicity compared to solvent-based paclitaxel. Additionally, nab-paclitaxel can be given at higher doses and concentrations compared with solvent-based paclitaxel. Based on its superior clinical efficacy and safety profile, nab-paclitaxel received FDA approval for metastatic breast cancer (2008) and NSCLC (2011). Among gastrointestinal cancers, it is now approved in the USA for treating patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas as first-line therapy in combination with gemcitabine. Furthermore, several clinical trials have suggested the potential efficacy of nab-paclitaxel as a single agent or in combination with other agents for the treatment of metastatic esophageal, gastric, bowel, and biliary tract cancers. Nab-paclitaxel has been demonstrated to have greater overall response rates (ORR) with enhanced progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and a superior safety profile with fewer adverse effects in patients with gastrointestinal tract cancers. This review summarizes the advantages associated with nab-paclitaxel-based regimens in terms of improving clinical efficacy and the safety profile in upper gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sazzad Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Niranjan Awasthi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Saisantosh Ponna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556, USA
| | - Urs von Holzen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, IN 46526, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Basel School of Medicine, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Awasthi N, Schwarz MA, Kaurich Q, Zhang C, Hilberg F, Schwarz RE. Enhancing gastric cancer conventional chemotherapy effects by triple angiokinase inhibitor nintedanib in preclinical models. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1145999. [PMID: 37234980 PMCID: PMC10206228 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1145999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Systemic chemotherapy is a preferred treatment option for advanced and recurrent GAC, but response rates and survival prolongation remain limited. Tumor angiogenesis plays a critical role in GAC growth, invasion and metastasis. We investigated the antitumor efficacy of nintedanib, a potent triple angiokinase inhibitor for VEGFR-1/2/3, PDGFR-α/β and FGFR-1/2/3, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, in preclinical models of GAC. Methods Animal survival studies were performed in peritoneal dissemination xenografts in NOD/SCID mice using human GAC cell lines MKN-45 and KATO-III. Tumor growth inhibition studies were performed in subcutaneous xenografts in NOD/SCID mice using human GAC cell lines MKN-45 and SNU-5. The mechanistic evaluation involved Immunohistochemistry analyses in tumor tissues obtained from subcutaneous xenografts. In vitro cell viability assays were performed using a colorimetric WST-1 reagent. Results In MKN-45 GAC cell-derived peritoneal dissemination xenografts, animal survival was improved by nintedanib (33%), docetaxel (100%) and irinotecan (181%), while oxaliplatin, 5-FU and epirubicin had no effect. The addition of nintedanib to docetaxel (157%) or irinotecan (214%) led to a further extension in animal survival. In KATO-III GAC cell-derived xenografts carrying FGFR2 gene amplification, nintedanib extended survival by 209%. Again, the addition of nintedanib further enhanced the animal survival benefits of docetaxel (273%) and irinotecan (332%). In MKN-45 subcutaneous xenografts, nintedanib, epirubicin, docetaxel and irinotecan reduced tumor growth (range: 68-87%), while 5-FU and oxaliplatin had a smaller effect (40%). Nintedanib addition to all chemotherapeutics demonstrated a further reduction in tumor growth. Subcutaneous tumor analysis revealed that nintedanib attenuated tumor cell proliferation, reduced tumor vasculature and increased tumor cell death. Conclusion Nintedanib showed notable antitumor efficacy and significantly improved taxane or irinotecan chemotherapy responses. These findings indicate that nintedanib, alone and in combination with a taxane or irinotecan, has the potential for improving clinical GAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Awasthi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, United States
- Harper Cancer Research Institute. University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Margaret A. Schwarz
- Harper Cancer Research Institute. University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Quinn Kaurich
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Frank Hilberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Riquelme I, Pérez-Moreno P, Mora-Lagos B, Ili C, Brebi P, Roa JC. Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as Regulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Gastric Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076294. [PMID: 37047267 PMCID: PMC10094576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) represents ~10% of the global cancer-related deaths, increasingly affecting the younger population in active stages of life. The high mortality of GC is due to late diagnosis, the presence of metastasis and drug resistance development. Additionally, current clinical markers do not guide the patient management adequately, thereby new and more reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets are still needed for this disease. RNA-seq technology has allowed the discovery of new types of RNA transcripts including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are able to regulate the gene/protein expression of many signaling pathways (e.g., the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway) in cancer cells by diverse molecular mechanisms. In addition, these lncRNAs might also be proposed as promising diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers or as potential therapeutic targets in GC. This review describes important topics about some lncRNAs that have been described as regulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and hence, their potential oncogenic role in the development of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Riquelme
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (J.C.R.); Tel.: +56-95923-6933 (I.R.); +56-22354-1061 (J.C.R.)
| | - Pablo Pérez-Moreno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (CECAN), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Bárbara Mora-Lagos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile
| | - Carmen Ili
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (CECAN), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (J.C.R.); Tel.: +56-95923-6933 (I.R.); +56-22354-1061 (J.C.R.)
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16
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Michalkova R, Kello M, Cizmarikova M, Bardelcikova A, Mirossay L, Mojzis J. Chalcones and Gastrointestinal Cancers: Experimental Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065964. [PMID: 36983038 PMCID: PMC10059739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal (CRC) and gastric cancers (GC) are the most common digestive tract cancers with a high incidence rate worldwide. The current treatment including surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy has several limitations such as drug toxicity, cancer recurrence or drug resistance and thus it is a great challenge to discover an effective and safe therapy for CRC and GC. In the last decade, numerous phytochemicals and their synthetic analogs have attracted attention due to their anticancer effect and low organ toxicity. Chalcones, plant-derived polyphenols, received marked attention due to their biological activities as well as for relatively easy structural manipulation and synthesis of new chalcone derivatives. In this study, we discuss the mechanisms by which chalcones in both in vitro and in vivo conditions suppress cancer cell proliferation or cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Michalkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Cizmarikova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Annamaria Bardelcikova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Mirossay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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17
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Zhu L, Wang Z, Han W, Xu A. Comprehensive analysis of the biological function and immune infiltration of SLC38A2 in gastric cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:74. [PMID: 36918802 PMCID: PMC10015769 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solute carrier family 38 member 2 (SLC38A2) has previously been reported to participate in carcinogenesis. However, its expression and function in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of SLC38A2 in GC. METHODS The prognostic value and expression of SLC38A2 in GC was analyzed by combining bioinformatics and experimental analyses. Colony formation, Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing, Transwell and tumor formation assays were performed to assess the biological function of SLC38A2. The cBioPortal, GeneMANIA and LinkedOmics databases were mined to determine the underlying regulatory mechanisms of SLC38A2. The role of SLC38A2 in tumor immune infiltration was explored using the TIMER database. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that SLC38A2 was upregulated and was correlated with a poor prognosis in GC patients. SLC38A2 downregulation significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of GC cells. Abnormal genetic alteration and epigenetic regulation may contribute to the upregulation of SLC38A2 expression levels in GC. The results of enrichment analysis demonstrated that SLC38A2 was associated with 'hippo signaling' and 'ubiquitinyl hydrolase activity'. The results also indicated that SLC38A2 may be a key factor in GC immune infiltration and M2 macrophage polarization. CONCLUSION Overall, these data identified that SLC38A2 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Aman Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China.
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Repurposing Benztropine, Natamycin, and Nitazoxanide Using Drug Combination and Characterization of Gastric Cancer Cell Lines. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030799. [PMID: 36979779 PMCID: PMC10044866 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranked as the fifth most incident cancer in 2020 and the third leading cause of cancer mortality. Surgical prevention and radio/chemotherapy are the main approaches used in GC treatment, and there is an urgent need to explore and discover innovative and effective drugs to better treat this disease. A new strategy arises with the use of repurposed drugs. Drug repurposing coupled with drug combination schemes has been gaining interest in the scientific community. The main objective of this project was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of alternative drugs in GC. For that, three GC cell lines (AGS, MKN28, and MKN45) were used and characterized. Cell viability assays were performed with the reference drug 5-fluororacil (5-FU) and three repurposed drugs: natamycin, nitazoxanide, and benztropine. Nitazoxanide displayed the best results, being active in all GC cells. Further, 5-FU and nitazoxanide in combination were tested in MKN28 GC cells, and the results obtained showed that nitazoxanide alone was the most promising drug for GC therapy. This work demonstrated that the repurposing of drugs as single agents has the ability to decrease GC cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Mechanisms of Antitumor Invasion and Metastasis of the Marine Fungal Derivative Epi-Aszonalenin A in HT1080 Cells. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030156. [PMID: 36976205 PMCID: PMC10056024 DOI: 10.3390/md21030156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epi-aszonalenin A (EAA) is an alkaloid that is isolated and purified from the secondary metabolites of coral symbiotic fungi and has been shown to have good atherosclerotic intervention activity and anti-angiogenic activity in our previous studies. In the present study, antiangiogenic activity was used as a basis of an intensive study of its mechanism of action against tumor metastasis and invasion. Invasive metastatic pairs are a hallmark of malignancy, and the dissemination of tumor cells is the most dangerous process in the development of tumors. The results of cell wound healing and the Transwell chamber assay showed that EAA interfered well with PMA-induced migration and invasion of HT1080 cells. Western blot and the ELISA assay showed that EAA decreased MMPs and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity and inhibited the expression of N-cadherin and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) by regulating the phosphorylation of downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB pathways. Simultaneous molecular docking results revealed that the mimic coupling between the EAA and MMP-2/-9 molecules formed a stable interaction. The results of this study provide a research basis for the inhibition of tumor metastasis by EAA, and together with previous studies, confirm the potential pharmacology and drug potential for this class of compound for application in angiogenesis-related diseases and further improve the availability of coral symbiotic fungi.
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Exosomal circ_0091741 promotes gastric cancer cell autophagy and chemoresistance via the miR-330-3p/TRIM14/Dvl2/Wnt/β-catenin axis. Hum Cell 2023; 36:258-275. [PMID: 36323918 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The importance of cancer cell-released exosomes in the treatment of various cancers has been well-characterized. The current study aims to examine the potential biological functions of gastric cancer (GC) cell-released exosomes delivering a novel circRNA circ_0091741 in GC and the underlying molecular mechanism. Expression of circ_0091741 was examined in the GC cells, (OXA)-resistant HGC-27 (HGC-27/OXA) cells, and isolated exosomes, after which its downstream miRNA was analyzed. The role and mechanism of the circ_0091741 transmitted by GC cells-derived exosomes in GC cell autophagy and chemoresistance were assessed using various molecular biological methods. A mouse tumor xenograft model was prepared to discern the effect of circ_0091741 on tumorigenesis in vivo. GC cells and their exosomes were characterized by upregulated circ_0091741 expression. circ_0091741 transferred by GC cell-derived exosomes induced the autophagy and OXA resistance of GC cells. circ_0091741 obstructed the binding of miR-330-3p to TRIM14 and increased the expression of TRIM14. TRIM14 could cause activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by stabilizing Dvl2. By this mechanism, the autophagy and OXA resistance of GC cells were augmented. In vivo assay unfolded that orthotopic implantation of exosomal circ_0091741 overexpressed GC cells into nude mice enhanced tumorigenesis. In conclusion, our study emphasized the promotive role of exosomal circ_0091741 in autophagy and chemoresistance of GC cells, thus laying the basis for the development of novel therapeutic targets for GC treatment.
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Ding Y, Gao S, Zheng J, Chen X. Blocking lncRNA-SNHG16 sensitizes gastric cancer cells to 5-Fu through targeting the miR-506-3p-PTBP1-mediated glucose metabolism. Cancer Metab 2022; 10:20. [PMID: 36447254 PMCID: PMC9707261 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-022-00293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a commonly occurring human malignancy. The 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) is a first-line anti-gastric cancer agent. However, a large number of GC patients developed 5-Fu resistance. Currently, the roles and molecular mechanisms of the lncRNA-SNHG16-modulated 5-Fu resistance in gastric cancer remain elusive. METHODS Expressions of lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. RNA-RNA interaction was examined by RNA pull-down and luciferase assay. Cell viability and apoptosis rate under 5-Fu treatments were determined by MTT assay and Annexin V assay. The glycolysis rate of GC cells was evaluated by glucose uptake and ECAR. RESULTS Here, we report that SNHG16 as well as PTBP1, which is an RNA-binding protein, are positively associated with 5-Fu resistance to gastric cancer. SNHG16 and PTBP1 were significantly upregulated in gastric tumors and cell lines. Silencing SNHG16 or PTBP1 effectively sensitized GC cells to 5-Fu. Furthermore, glucose metabolism was remarkedly elevated in 5-Fu-resistant GC cells. Under low glucose supply, 5-Fu-resistant cells displayed higher vulnerability than parental GC cells. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase assay demonstrated that SNHG16 downregulated miR-506-3p by sponging it to form a ceRNA network. We identified PTBP1 as a direct target of miR-506-3p in GC cells. RNA-seq results unveiled that PTBP1 positively regulated expressions of multiple glycolysis enzymes, including GLUT1, HK2, and LDHA. Bioinformatic analysis illustrated the 3'UTRs of glycolysis enzymes contained multiple PTBP1 binding sites, which were further verified by RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Consequently, we demonstrated that PTBP1 upregulated the mRNAs of glycolysis enzymes via promoting their mRNA stabilities. Finally, in vivo xenograft experiments validated that blocking the SNHG16-mediated miR-506-3p-PTBP1 axis effectively limited 5-Fu-resistant GC cell originated-xenograft tumor growth under 5-Fu treatments. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates molecular mechanisms of the SNHG16-mediated 5-Fu resistance of GC cells through modulating the miR-506-3p-PTBP1-glucose metabolism axis, presenting a promising approach for anti-chemoresistance therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA
| | - Sujie Gao
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033 P.R. China
| | - Jiabin Zheng
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033 P.R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033 P.R. China
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22
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Zhang W, Li S, Li C, Li T, Huang Y. Remodeling tumor microenvironment with natural products to overcome drug resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1051998. [PMID: 36439106 PMCID: PMC9685561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With cancer incidence rates continuing to increase and occurrence of resistance in drug treatment, there is a pressing demand to find safer and more effective anticancer strategy for cancer patients. Natural products, have the advantage of low toxicity and multiple action targets, are always used in the treatment of cancer prevention in early stage and cancer supplement in late stage. Tumor microenvironment is necessary for cancer cells to survive and progression, and immune activation is a vital means for the tumor microenvironment to eliminate cancer cells. A number of studies have found that various natural products could target and regulate immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, mast cells as well as inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. Natural products tuning the tumor microenvironment via various mechanisms to activate the immune response have immeasurable potential for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, it highlights the research findings related to natural products regulating immune responses against cancer, especially reveals the possibility of utilizing natural products to remodel the tumor microenvironment to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shubo Li
- Liaoning Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunting Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianye Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongye Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Wang Z, Liu J, Xie J, Yuan X, Wang B, Shen W, Zhang Y. Regulation of autophagy by non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:947332. [PMID: 36353541 PMCID: PMC9637602 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.947332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular self-digesting process that degrades obsoleting proteins and cellular components and plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance of various tumors such as gastric cancer (GC). As a hotspot in molecular biology, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes, such as autophagy. Increasing evidence indicate that various ncRNAs exert double roles in the initiation and progression of GC, either serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Recent studies have shown that some ncRNAs could modulate autophagy activity in GC cells, which would affect the malignant transformation and drug resistance. Whether the function of ncRNAs in GC is dependent on autophagy is undefined. Therefore, identifying the underlying moleculr targets of ncRNAs in autophagy pathways and the role of ncRNA-regulated autophagy in GC could develop new treatment interventions for this disease. This review summarizes the autophagy process and its role in GC, and the regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs, as well as focuses on the dual role of ncRNAs-mediated autophagy in GC, for the development of potential therapeutic strategies in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Graduate College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingri Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Graduate College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Graduate College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjuan Shen
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Arjmandi K, Ameli F, Salahshourifar I, Esfandbod M, Irani S. Evaluation of TS and ENOSF1 Variants as a Biomarker in Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy based on 5FU in Gastric Cancer Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:2983-2989. [PMID: 36172660 PMCID: PMC9810307 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.9.2983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is one of the most effective treatment options for gastric cancer patients. However, treatment response varies significantly between patients based on their genetic profile. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between thymidylate synthase (TS) and enolase superfamily member 1 (ENOSF1) polymorphisms, treatment response, and overall survival in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS The TS and ENOSF1 variants were analyzed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from 100 gastric cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant 5FU-based chemotherapy. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to determine TS polymorphisms' genotypes, and the Tetra Arms PCR method was used to identify ENOSF1 polymorphisms. Patients were followed for up to five years, and the association between variants, treatment response, and overall survival (OS) was examined. RESULTS There was a significant association between the TS 5' UTR polymorphism and response to treatment in patients with gastric cancer who received neoadjuvant 5FU therapy (P=0.032). Patients with the 2R3R genotype responded better to treatment, whereas those with the 3R3R genotype did not respond to treatment. Patients with the 2R2R and 3R3R genotypes had the longest and shortest median survival times, respectively, and the observed differences were significant (p=0.003). There was a statistically significant relationship between rs2612091 and chemotherapy response (P=0.017). Patients with genotype AG did not respond to treatment. CONCLUSION This study established that the TS 5' UTR and ENOSF1 rs2612091 polymorphisms could be used to predict treatment response and overall survival in patients with gastric cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on 5FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Arjmandi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Ameli
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Iman Salahshourifar
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ,For Correspondence:
| | - Mohsen Esfandbod
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences TUMS, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shiva Irani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Chu PY, Huang WC, Tung SL, Tsai CY, Chen CJ, Liu YC, Lee CW, Lin YH, Lin HY, Chen CY, Yeh CT, Lin KH, Chi HC. IFITM3 promotes malignant progression, cancer stemness and chemoresistance of gastric cancer by targeting MET/AKT/FOXO3/c-MYC axis. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:124. [PMID: 35941699 PMCID: PMC9361616 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting the HGF/MET signaling pathway has been a viable therapeutic strategy for various cancer types due to hyperactivation of HGF/MET axis occurs frequently that leads to detrimental cancer progression and recurrence. Deciphering novel molecule mechanisms underlying complex HGF/MET signaling network is therefore critical to development of effective therapeutics for treating MET-dependent malignancies. Results Using isobaric mass tag-based quantitative proteomics approach, we identified IFITM3, an interferon-induced transmembrane protein that was highly expressed in micro-dissected gastric cancer (GC) tumor regions relative to adjacent non-tumor epithelia. Analyses of GC clinical specimens revealed that expression IFITM3 was closely correlated to advanced pathological stages. IFITM3 has been reported as a PIP3 scaffold protein that promotes PI3K signaling. In present study, we unprecedentedly unraveled that IFITM3 associated with MET and AKT to facilitate HGF/MET mediated AKT signaling crosstalk in suppressing FOXO3, consequently leading to c-MYC mediated GC progression. In addition, gene ontology analyses of the clinical GC cohort revealed significant correlation between IFITM3-associated genes and targets of c-MYC, which is a crucial downstream effector of HGF/MET pathway in cancer progression. Moreover, we demonstrated ectopic expression of IFITM3 suppressed FOXO3 expression, consequently led to c-MYC induction to promote tumor growth, cell metastasis, cancer stemness as well as chemoresistance. Conversely, depletion of IFITM3 resulted in suppression of HGF triggered cellular growth and migration via inhibition of AKT/c-MYC signaling in GC. Conclusions In summary, our present study unveiled a novel regulatory mechanism for c-MYC-driven oncogenesis underlined by IFITM3-mediated signaling crosstalk between MET associated AKT signaling cascade. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00858-8.
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Hsa-let-7d-5p Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression by Targeting PRDM5. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2700651. [PMID: 35847370 PMCID: PMC9283079 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2700651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor in the digestive system and a significant health burden worldwide. In this study, we found that hsa-let-7d-5p was upregulated in GC cells, promoted GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and reduced apoptosis. Moreover, we found that the expression of PRDM5 (PR domain protein 5) was downregulated in GC cells and upregulated in GC cells treated with hsa-let-7d-5p inhibitor. Further investigation showed that hsa-let-7d-5p was the target of PRDM5, and the functions of hsa-let-7d-5p on GC progression were rescued by PRDM5 overexpression in GC cells. Collectively, our findings suggested that hsa-let-7d-5p promoted the development of GC by targeting PRDM5, indicating that hsa-let-7d-5p could be a promising therapeutic molecule for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Awasthi N, Schwarz MA, Zhang C, Klinz SG, Meyer-Losic F, Beaufils B, Thiagalingam A, Schwarz RE. Augmenting Experimental Gastric Cancer Activity of Irinotecan through Liposomal Formulation and Antiangiogenic Combination Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1149-1159. [PMID: 35500018 PMCID: PMC9377761 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Combination chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for advanced GAC. Liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) has improved pharmacokinetics (PK) and drug biodistribution compared with irinotecan (IRI, CPT-11). Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of GAC. We evaluated the antitumor efficacy of nal-IRI in combination with novel antiangiogenic agents in GAC mouse models. Animal survival studies were performed in peritoneal dissemination xenografts. Tumor growth and PK studies were performed in subcutaneous xenografts. Compared with controls, extension in animal survival by nal-IRI and IRI was >156% and >94%, respectively. The addition of nintedanib or DC101 extended nal-IRI response by 13% and 15%, and IRI response by 37% and 31% (MKN-45 xenografts); nal-IRI response by 11% and 3%, and IRI response by 16% and 40% (KATO-III xenografts). Retardation of tumor growth was greater with nal-IRI (92%) than IRI (71%). Nintedanib and DC101 addition tend to augment nal-IRI or IRI response in this model. The addition of antiangiogenic agents enhanced tumor cell proliferation inhibition effects of nal-IRI or IRI. The tumor vasculature was decreased by nintedanib (65%) and DC101 (58%), while nal-IRI and IRI alone showed no effect. PK characterization in GAC xenografts demonstrated that compared with IRI, nal-IRI treatment groups had higher retention, circulation time, and tumor levels of CPT-11 and its active metabolite SN-38. These findings indicate that nal-IRI, alone and in combination with antiangiogenic agents, has the potential for improving clinical GAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Awasthi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana.,Corresponding Author: Niranjan Awasthi, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 N Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN 46617. Phone: 574-631-5780; E-mail:
| | - Margaret A. Schwarz
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangming, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Roderich E. Schwarz
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana.,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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APY0201 Represses Tumor Growth through Inhibiting Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7104592. [PMID: 36245991 PMCID: PMC9568353 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers globally. There are currently few effective chemotherapeutic drugs available for GC patients. The inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol kinase containing an FYVE finger structure (PIKfyve) have shown significant anticancer effects in several types of cancers, but their effectiveness in GC remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the effect of APY0201, an inhibitor of PIKfyve, on GC tumor growth and its mechanism of action. It was found that APY0201 inhibited GC cell proliferation in in vitro GC cell model, organoid model, and in vivo xenograft tumor model. Through analyzing cell autophagy, we found that APY0201 might block autophagic flux by impairing lysosome degradation function of GC cells, inducing the accumulation of autophagosomes, thus causing the inhibition of GC cell proliferation. We also found that APY0201 induced G1/S phase arrest in GC cells. Importantly, APY0201 was also effective in inducing repression of autophagy and cell cycle arrest in the mouse tumor xenograft. Our results suggest that APY0201 could be a new promising therapeutic option for GC.
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Deng C, Zhang L, Ma X, Cai S, Jia Y, Zhao L. RFTN1 facilitates gastric cancer progression by modulating AKT/p38 signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 234:153902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lu J, Xiao Z, Xu M, Li L. New Insights into LINC00346 and its Role in Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:819785. [PMID: 35096842 PMCID: PMC8794746 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.819785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 346 (LINC00346) functions as an oncogene in the tumorigenesis of several cancers. The expression level of LINC00346 has been shown to be obviously correlated with prognosis, lymphoma metastasis, histological grade, TNM stage, tumor size and pathologic stage. LINC00346 has been found to regulate specific cellular functions by interacting with several molecules and signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize recent evidence concerning the role of LINC00346 in the occurrence and development of diseases. We also discuss the potential clinical utility of LINC00346, thereby providing new insight into the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In addition, we further discuss the potential clinical utility of LINC00346 in the diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoying Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases Shengzhou People' Hospital, Shengzhou Branch, The Fisrt Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou, China
| | - Mengqiu Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases Shengzhou People' Hospital, Shengzhou Branch, The Fisrt Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Soltani R, Amini M, Mazaheri Moghaddam M, Jebelli A, Ahmadiyan S, Bidar N, Baradaran B, MotieGhader H, Asadi M, Mokhtarzadeh A. LncRNA DLGAP1-AS2 overexpression associates with gastric tumorigenesis: a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6817-6826. [PMID: 34981339 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with the progression of human cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). The function of lncRNA DLGAP1-AS2, as a promising oncogene, has been identified in several human cancers. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore the association of DLGAP1-AS2 with gastric tumorigenesis, as well. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression level of DLGAP1-AS2 was initially pre-evaluated in GC datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Moreover, qRT-PCR experiment was performed on 25 GC and 25 adjacent normal tissue samples. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were also analyzed for further validation. Consistent with data obtained from GEO datasets, qRT-PCR results revealed that DLGAP1-AS2 was significantly (p < 0.0032) upregulated in GC specimens compared to normal samples, which was additionally confirmed using TCGA analysis (p < 0.0001). DLGAP1-AS2 expression level was also correlated with age (p = 0.0008), lymphatic and vascular invasion (p = 0.0415) in internal samples as well as poor survival of GC patients (p = 0.00074) in GEO datasets. Also, Gene Ontology analysis illustrated that DLGAP1-AS2 may be involved in the cellular process, including hippo signaling, regulated by YAP1, as its valid downstream target, in GC samples. Moreover, ROC curve analysis showed the high accuracy of the DLGAP1-AS2 expression pattern as a diagnostic biomarker for GC. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that DLGAP1-AS2 might display oncogenic properties through gastric tumorigenesis and could be suggested as a therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogayeh Soltani
- Department of Biology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Asiyeh Jebelli
- Department of Biology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Ahmadiyan
- Department of Biology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negar Bidar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habib MotieGhader
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Asadi
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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32
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Liu Y, Ao X, Ji G, Zhang Y, Yu W, Wang J. Mechanisms of Action And Clinical Implications of MicroRNAs in the Drug Resistance of Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:768918. [PMID: 34912714 PMCID: PMC8667691 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.768918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of digestive systems worldwide, with high recurrence and mortality. Chemotherapy is still the standard treatment option for GC and can effectively improve the survival and life quality of GC patients. However, with the emergence of drug resistance, the clinical application of chemotherapeutic agents has been seriously restricted in GC patients. Although the mechanisms of drug resistance have been broadly investigated, they are still largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large group of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) widely involved in the occurrence and progression of many cancer types, including GC. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that miRNAs may play crucial roles in the development of drug resistance by regulating some drug resistance-related proteins as well as gene expression. Some also exhibit great potential as novel biomarkers for predicting drug response to chemotherapy and therapeutic targets for GC patients. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in miRNAs and focus on their molecular mechanisms in the development of drug resistance in GC progression. We also highlight the potential of drug resistance-related miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoqiang Ji
- Clinical Laboratory, Linqu People's Hospital, Linqu, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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33
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Jeong J, Kim DK, Park JH, Park DJ, Lee HJ, Yang HK, Kong SH, Jung K. Tumor-Infiltrating Neutrophils and Non-Classical Monocytes May Be Potential Therapeutic Targets for HER2 negative Gastric Cancer. Immune Netw 2021; 21:e31. [PMID: 34522444 PMCID: PMC8410991 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death globally. The classification of advanced GC (AGC) according to molecular features has recently led to effective personalized cancer therapy for some patients. Specifically, AGC patients whose tumor cells express high levels of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) can now benefit from trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal Ab that targets HER2. However, patients with HER2negative AGC receive limited clinical benefit from this treatment. To identify potential immune therapeutic targets in HER2negative AGC, we obtained 40 fresh AGC specimens immediately after surgical resections and subjected the CD45+ immune cells in the tumor microenvironment to multi-channel/multi-panel flow cytometry analysis. Here, we report that HER2 negativity associated with reduced overall survival (OS) and greater tumor infiltration with neutrophils and non-classical monocytes. The potential pro-tumoral activities of these cell types were confirmed by the fact that high expression of neutrophil or non-classical monocyte signature genes in the gastrointestinal tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression and Gene Expression Omnibus databases associated with worse OS on Kaplan-Meir plots relative to tumors with low expression of these signature genes. Moreover, advanced stage disease in the AGCs of our patients associated with greater tumor frequencies of neutrophils and non-classical monocytes than early stage disease. Thus, our study suggests that these 2 myeloid populations may serve as novel therapeutic targets for HER2negative AGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Duk Ki Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
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34
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Jeong H, Lee B, Kim KH, Cho SY, Cho Y, Park J, Lee Y, Oh Y, Hwang BR, Jang AR, Park JH, Park JH, Jeong SH, Lee D, Lee YC, Lim KM, Goldenring JR, Nam KT. WFDC2 Promotes Spasmolytic Polypeptide-Expressing Metaplasia Through the Up-Regulation of IL33 in Response to Injury. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:953-967.e15. [PMID: 34116028 PMCID: PMC8380710 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS WAP 4-disulfide core domain protein 2 (WFDC2), also known as human epididymis protein 4, is a small secretory protein that is highly expressed in fibrosis and human cancers, particularly in the ovaries, lungs, and stomach. However, the role of WFDC2 in carcinogenesis is not fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the role of WFDC2 in gastric carcinogenesis with the use of preneoplastic metaplasia models. METHODS Three spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) models were established in both wild-type and Wfdc2-knockout mice with DMP-777, L635, and high-dose tamoxifen, respectively. To reveal the functional role of WFDC2, we performed transcriptomic analysis with DMP-777-treated gastric corpus specimens. RESULTS Wfdc2-knockout mice exhibited remarkable resistance against oxyntic atrophy, SPEM emergence, and accumulation of M2-type macrophages in all 3 SPEM models. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Wfdc2-knockout prevented the up-regulation of interleukin-33 (IL33) expression in the injured mucosal region of SPEM models. Notably, supplementation of recombinant WFDC2 induced IL33 production and M2 macrophage polarization, and ultimately promoted SPEM development. Moreover, long-term treatment with recombinant WFDC2 was able to induce SPEM development. CONCLUSIONS WFDC2 expressed in response to gastric injury promotes SPEM through the up-regulation of IL33 expression. These findings provide novel insights into the role of WFDC2 in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haengdueng Jeong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Buhyun Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang H Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yejin Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongeun Park
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yura Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeseul Oh
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Jang
- Laboratory of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Daekee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - James R Goldenring
- Epithelial Biology Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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35
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Boonyanugomol W, Rukseree K, Prapatpong P, Reamtong O, Baik SC, Jung M, Shin MK, Kang HL, Lee WK. An In Vitro Anti-Cancer Activity of Ocimum tenuiflorum Essential Oil by Inducing Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer Cell Line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57080784. [PMID: 34440988 PMCID: PMC8400819 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The effects of Ocimum tenuiflorum essential oil (OTEO) against gastric cancer remain unknown and merit investigation. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the anti-cancer activity of OTEO was examined in a human gastric cancer cell line (AGS). After OTEO treatment, AGS cell viability was determined by an MTT assay, and inhibition of metastasis was determined by cell migration and invasion assays. The expression of apoptosis-related genes in treated AGS cells was determined by qRT-PCR. Results: OTEO significantly decreased AGS cell viability in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 163.42 µg/mL) and effectively inhibited cell migration and invasion. Morphological examination demonstrated that OTEO induced cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation, which are considered typical morphologies of apoptotic cell death. Pro-apoptotic genes (TP53, BAX, and BAK) were significantly up-regulated, while anti-apoptotic genes (BCL-2 and BCL-xL) were significantly down-regulated after treatment with OTEO. In addition, significantly increased gene expression was detected for CASP8, CASP9, and CASP3 in AGS cells exposed to OTEO. GC-MS analysis demonstrated that the major compound of OTEO was caryophyllene (25.85%) and α-pinene (11.66%). Conclusions: This in vitro study demonstrates for the first time that OTEO has potential anti-gastric cancer activity and may induce apoptosis in AGS cells through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wongwarut Boonyanugomol
- Department of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Amnatcharoen Campus, Mahidol University, Amnatcharoen 37000, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kamolchanok Rukseree
- Department of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Amnatcharoen Campus, Mahidol University, Amnatcharoen 37000, Thailand;
| | - Pornpan Prapatpong
- Department of Public Health, Amnatcharoen Campus, Mahidol University, Amnatcharoen 37000, Thailand;
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Seung-Chul Baik
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.-C.B.); (M.J.); (M.-K.S.); (H.-L.K.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.-C.B.); (M.J.); (M.-K.S.); (H.-L.K.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.-C.B.); (M.J.); (M.-K.S.); (H.-L.K.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Hyung-Lyun Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.-C.B.); (M.J.); (M.-K.S.); (H.-L.K.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.-C.B.); (M.J.); (M.-K.S.); (H.-L.K.); (W.-K.L.)
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Upregulation of ECT2 Predicts Adverse Clinical Outcomes and Increases 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Gastric Cancer Patients. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:2102890. [PMID: 34367280 PMCID: PMC8337122 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The abnormal expression and prognosis prediction of epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 (ECT2) in gastric cancer (GC) has been reported. However, the effect of ECT2 on 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) resistance in GC is unclear. This research aims to solve the abovementioned problems. Methods Gene expression was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Cell viability was evaluated by the colony formation assay, MTT assay, and flow cytometric analysis. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to detect cell metastasis. Results Upregulation of ECT2 was found in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and GC tissues. In addition, high ECT2 expression can predict adverse clinical outcomes in GC patients. More importantly, ECT2 knockdown weakened the resistance of 5-FU in GC cells. ECT2 silencing reduced the cell migratory and invasive abilities of GC cells treated with 5-FU. We also found that downregulation of ECT2 increased 5-FU sensitivity in GC cells by downregulating P-gp, MRP1, and Bcl-2. Conclusion Upregulation of ECT2 can predict adverse clinical outcomes and increase 5-FU resistance in GC patients.
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37
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Hu J, Li P, Shi B, Tie J. Effects and Mechanisms of Saikosaponin D Improving the Sensitivity of Human Gastric Cancer Cells to Cisplatin. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18745-18755. [PMID: 34337214 PMCID: PMC8319933 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths around the world. Chemoresistance is an important reason for poor prognosis of GC. Saikosaponin D (SSD) is a natural constituent from Radix Bupleuri and exhibits various activities including antitumors. This study investigated the effects and the mechanisms of SSD on cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, DDP) sensitivity of GC cells. Findings suggested that SSD could promote the inhibitory effect of DDP on proliferation and invasion and increase DDP-induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 and DDP-resistant cell line SGC-7901/DDP. We further identified that SSD increased levels of LC3 B and cleaved caspase 3 and decreased levels of p62, IKK β, p-IκB α, and NF-κB p65, suggesting that SSD might inhibit the IKK β/NF-κB pathway and induce both cell autophagy and apoptosis in SGC-7901 and SGC-7901/DDP. A further study indicated that SSD enhanced the effect of DDP-induced cleaved caspase 3 level rise and NF-κB pathway suppression, especially in SGC-7901/DDP cells. Conclusively, SSD enhanced DDP sensitivity of GC cells; the potential molecular mechanisms were that SSD-induced apoptosis and autophagy and inhibited the IKK β/NF-κB pathway in GC cells. These findings suggested that SSD might contribute to overcoming DDP resistance in GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianran Hu
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong
University, Jinzhong 030619, China
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, Changzhi
University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong
University, Jinzhong 030619, China
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, Changzhi
University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Baozhong Shi
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, Changzhi
University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Jun Tie
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, Changzhi
University, Changzhi 046011, China
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38
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Khakbaz P, Panahizadeh R, Vatankhah MA, Najafzadeh N. Allicin Reduces 5-fluorouracil-resistance in Gastric Cancer Cells through Modulating MDR1, DKK1, and WNT5A Expression. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2021; 71:448-454. [PMID: 34261152 DOI: 10.1055/a-1525-1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is approved for the treatment of gastric carcinoma (GC), but chemo-resistance limits the application of it for GC. Thus, the combination of 5-FU with adjuvants such as allicin may overcome multidrug resistance (MDR). METHODS The anticancer effects of allicin, 5-FU, and allicin/5-FU on the 5-FU resistant MKN-45 cells were evaluated by MTT assay and DAPi staining. The expression of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and CD44 protein were determined using immunocytochemistry. We also quantified mRNA expression levels of WNT5A, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), and MDR1 in the GC cells. RESULTS Here, we found that the combination of allicin with 5-FU significantly increased apoptosis compared to 5-FU alone (P<0.05). We showed that WNT5A, MDR1, and DKK1 mRNA expression levels were down-regulated in the allicin- and allicin/5-FU-treated cells. Indeed, the combination of allicin and 5-FU significantly decreased the expression of the P-gp and CD44 proteins (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the combination of allicin with 5-FU could reverse multidrug resistance in the GC cells by reducing the expression of WNT5A, DKK1, MDR1, P-gp, and CD44 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Khakbaz
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Reza Panahizadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Vatankhah
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nowruz Najafzadeh
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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39
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Babao Dan Reverses Multiple-Drug Resistance in Gastric Cancer Cells via Triggering Apoptosis and Autophagy and Inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5631942. [PMID: 34306145 PMCID: PMC8285167 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5631942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a critical reason for cancer chemotherapy failure. Babaodan (BBD) is a famous traditional Chinese patent medicine reported to have antigastric cancer activity. However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of the reversal of MDR of gastric cancer by BBD have not been well described until now. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate further the role of BBD in reversing the MDR of gastric cancer cells and its specific regulatory mechanism via in vitro experiments. To verify our results, MTT, Doxorubicin (DOX) staining, Rhodamin123 (Rho123) staining, DAPI staining, Annexin V-FITC, propidium iodide (PI), Cyto-ID, and western blot assays were performed. To determine whether BBD triggers apoptosis and autophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, we also applied 3-methyladenine (3-MA), chloroquine (CQ), and 740Y-P (an activator of PI3K). The results showed that BBD reversed the MDR and induced apoptosis and autophagy of SGC7901/DDP cells. Pathway analyses suggested BBD inhibits PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activity and subsequent apoptosis-autophagy induction. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA and chloroquine (CQ) was performed to confirm that BBD promoted autophagy. PI3K agonist, 740Y-P, further verified BBD inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation. In conclusion, BBD may reverse the MDR of gastric cancer cells, induce apoptosis, and promote autophagy via inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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40
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Mu C, Peng RK, Guo CL, Li A, Yang XM, Zeng R, Li YL, Gu J, Ouyang Q. Discovery of sertraline and its derivatives able to combat drug-resistant gastric cancer cell via inducing apoptosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 41:127997. [PMID: 33775839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resistance phenomena during chemotherapy of tumor has been severely hampering the applications of chemotherapeutics. Due to advantage of drug repurposing, discovery of new chemosensitizers based on approved drugs is an effect strategy to find new candidates. Herein, we found antidepressant drug - sertraline, could sensitize drug-resistant gastric cancer cell (SGC-7901/DDP) with the IC50 value of 18.73 μM. To understand the structure-activity relationship and improve the activity, 30 derivatives were synthesized and evaluated. The IC50 value of the best compound was improved to 5.2 μM. Moreover, we found apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest was the reason for the cell death of the drug-resistant cells after treatment of sertraline and derivatives, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Mu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Rui-Kun Peng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Chun-Ling Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Ao Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Yu-Long Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 40038, China.
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 40038, China.
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41
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Bagheri S, Saboury AA. Hypothesis of using albumin to improve drug efficacy in cancers accompanied by hypoalbuminemia. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:778-785. [PMID: 33979263 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1929557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A common problem in many cancers is the resistance of some patients to common drugs or relapse. Hypoalbuminemia has been reported in some of resistant cancer patients.This article evaluates the usefulness of albumin in the treatment of drug-resistant cancers with hypoalbuminemia based on available evidences.Rapid metabolism and drug excretion from the body is one of the causes of drug resistance. Albumin is the major plasma protein to which almost all drugs are bound. There is some evidence that increasing drug binding to albumin has beneficial effects on drug efficacy in some cancers and cancer cells. On the other hand, some reports have shown that cancer cells can use albumin as the energy and amino acid source.We have hypothesized that in this particular group of cancers, adding albumin to a treatment regimen could have a beneficial effect on drug efficacy and dosage. In fact, excess albumin can prevent rapid metabolism of drug by increasing the fraction of albumin-bound drug, and can increase drug delivery to cancer cells due to the absorption of drug-albumin complex by cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Bagheri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali A Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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42
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King R, Hayes C, Donohoe CL, Dunne MR, Davern M, Donlon NE. Hypoxia and its impact on the tumour microenvironment of gastroesophageal cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:312-331. [PMID: 34040696 PMCID: PMC8131902 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i5.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The malfeasant role of the hypoxic tumour microenvironment (TME) in cancer progression was recognized decades ago but the exact mechanisms that augment the hallmarks of cancer and promote treatment resistance continue to be elucidated. Gastroesophageal cancers (GOCs) represent a major burden of worldwide disease, responsible for the deaths of over 1 million people annually. Disentangling the impact of hypoxia in GOCs enables a better overall understanding of the disease pathogenesis while shining a light on novel therapeutic strategies and facilitating precision treatment approaches with the ultimate goal of improving outcomes for patients with these diseases. This review discusses the underlying principles and processes of the hypoxic response and the effect of hypoxia in promoting the hallmarks of cancer in the context of GOCs. We focus on its bidirectional influence on inflammation and how it drives angiogenesis, innate and adaptive immune evasion, metastasis, and the reprogramming of cellular bioenergetics. The contribution of the hypoxic GOC TME to treatment resistance is examined and a brief overview of the pharmacodynamics of hypoxia-targeted therapeutics is given. The principal methods that are used in measuring hypoxia and how they may enhance prognostication or provide rationale for individually tailored management in the case of tumours with significant hypoxic regions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross King
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital Campus, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin D8, Ireland
| | - Conall Hayes
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital Campus, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin D8, Ireland
| | - Claire L Donohoe
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital Campus, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin D8, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital Campus, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin D8, Ireland
| | - Maria Davern
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital Campus, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin D8, Ireland
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital Campus, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin D8, Ireland
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Huo J, Wu L, Zang Y. Eight-gene prognostic signature associated with hypoxia and ferroptosis for gastric cancer with general applicability. Epigenomics 2021; 13:875-890. [PMID: 33942671 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To investigate the prognostic significance of hypoxia- and ferroptosis-related genes for gastric cancer (GC). Materials & methods: We extracted data on 259 hypoxia- and ferroptosis-related genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas and identified the differentially expressed genes between normal (n = 32) and tumor (n = 375) tissues. A risk score was established by univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO penalized Cox regression analysis. Results: The risk score contained eight genes showed good performance in predicting overall survival and relapse-free survival in GC patients in both the training cohort (The Cancer Genome Atlas, n = 350) and the testing cohorts (GSE84437, n = 431; GSE62254, n = 300; GSE15459, n = 191; GSE26253, n = 432). Conclusion: The eight-gene signature may help to the improve the prognostic risk classification of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Huo
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao 266003, China.,Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Liqun Wu
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yunjin Zang
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao 266003, China
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44
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Xiu T, Guo Q, Jing FB. Facing Cell Autophagy in Gastric Cancer - What Do We Know so Far? Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1647-1659. [PMID: 33976565 PMCID: PMC8104978 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s298705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a process by which misfolded proteins and damaged organelles in the lysosomes of tumor cells were degraded reusing decomposed substances and avoiding accumulation of large amounts of harmful substances. Here, the role of autophagy in the development of malignant transformation of gastric tumors, and the underlying mechanisms involved in autophagy formation, and the application of targeted autophagy in the treatment of gastric cancer were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qie Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Bo Jing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
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45
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Zhu H, Wang G, Zhu H, Xu A. MTFR2, A Potential Biomarker for Prognosis and Immune Infiltrates, Promotes Progression of Gastric Cancer Based on Bioinformatics Analysis and Experiments. J Cancer 2021; 12:3611-3625. [PMID: 33995638 PMCID: PMC8120185 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial fission regulator 2 (MTFR2) which can promote mitochondrial fission, has recently been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. However, little is known about its expression levels and function in gastric cancer (GC). This study aims to clarify the role of MTFR2 in GC. Methods:We firstly determined the expression level and prognostic value of MTFR2 in GC by integrated bioinformatics (Oncomine, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier Plotter database) and experimental approaches (RT-qPCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry). After constructing stable down-regulated GC cells, the biological functions of MTFR2 in vitro and in vivo were studied through cell clone formation, wound healing, transwell and tumor formation experiments.To understand the reason for the high expression of MTFR2 in GC, copy number alternation, promoter methylation and mutation of MTFR2 were detected by UALCAN and cBioPortal. TargetScanHuman and PROMO databases were also used to explore the miRNAs and transcription factors of MTFR2, and the regulatory network was visualized by Cytoscape. LinkedOmics was used to detect the co-expression profile, and then these co-expressed genes were used for gene oncology function and pathway enrichment analysis to deepen the understanding of MTFR2 mechanism. The protein interaction network of MTFR2 was constructed by the GeneMANIA platform. Docking study of the binding mode was conducted by H DOCK webserver, and PYMOL is used for visualization, and analysis. TIMER database was used to explore the correlation between MTFR2 expression level and immune cells infiltration and gene markers of tumor infiltrating immune cells. Results: We demonstrated that MTFR2 was up-regulated in GC, and its overexpression led to poorer prognosis. MTFR2 downregulation inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. By bioinformatics analysis, we identified the possible factors in MTFR2 overexpression. Moreover, function and pathway enrichment analyses found that MTFR2 was involved in chromosome segregation, catalytic activity, cell cycle, and ribonucleic acid transport. A MTFR2-protein interaction network revealed a potential direct protein interaction between MTFR2 and protein kinase adenosine-monophosphate-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 (PRKAA1), and their potential binding site was predicted in a molecular docking model. In addition, we also found that MTFR2 may be correlated with immune infiltration in GC. Conclusions: Our study has effectively revealed the expression, prognostic value, potential functional networks, protein interactions and immune infiltration of MTFR2 in GC. Altogether, our data identify the possible underlying mechanisms of MTFR2 and suggest that MTFR2 may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixing Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Aman Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Lu X, Tian P, Wang K, Shi J. Procyanidin B2 induces apoptosis and autophagy in gastric cancer cells by inhibiting Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:76. [PMID: 33627124 PMCID: PMC7905658 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Procyanidin B2 (PB2), a unique component of the grape seed and other medicinal plants. PB2 has shown wide anticancer activity in various human cancer cells. However, it remains unclear about the biological effects and associated mechanisms of PB2 on gastric cancer cells. Methods Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8 assay, and cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured in the culture medium. Cellular apoptosis was observed via TUNEL staining assay and measured by caspase-3 and -9 activities. Autophagy was observed by LC3 staining. Western blot analysis was performed to verify autophagy-associated proteins (Beclin1 and Atg5) and Akt-mTOR pathway. Results PB2 reduced the viability of BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, PB2 induced increased apoptosis rate of gastric cancer cells and enhanced caspase-3 and -9 activities. Simultaneously, PB2 triggered autophagy in gastric cancer cells, with enhanced LC3 staining and increased expression of Beclin1 and Atg5, while the inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA reversed the PB2-induced suppression on cell viability. In addition, PB2 significantly decreased p-Akt and p-mTOR protein expression of gastric cancer cells. Conclusion PB2 exerts anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects and induces autophagy by modulating Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. PB2 may be developed as a potential therapeutic drug for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, No.2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Xiaolan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, No.2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Peiying Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, No.2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, No.2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Jianping Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, No.2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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Wang Z, Yang Y, Hu S, He J, Wu Z, Qi Z, Huang M, Liu R, Lin Y, Tan C, Xu M, Zhang Z. Short-form RON (sf-RON) enhances glucose metabolism to promote cell proliferation via activating β-catenin/SIX1 signaling pathway in gastric cancer. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 37:35-49. [PMID: 32399910 PMCID: PMC7851020 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) has been implicated in cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance of various human malignancies. The short-form RON (sf-RON) encoded by RON transcripts was overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues, but its regulatory functions remain illustrated. Here, we found that sf-RON promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation by enhancing glucose metabolism. Furthermore, sf-RON was proved to induce the β-catenin expression level through the AKT1/GSK3β signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the binding sites of β-catenin were identified in the promoter region of SIX1 and it was also demonstrated that β-catenin positively regulated SIX1 expression. SIX1 enhanced the promoter activity of key proteins in glucose metabolism, such as GLUT1 and LDHA. Results indicated that sf-RON regulated the cell proliferation and glucose metabolism of gastric cancer by participating in a sf-RON/β-catenin/SIX1 signaling axis and had significant implications for choosing the therapeutic target of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Eye & Ent Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zihao Qi
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Mingzhu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Rujiao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Cong Tan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Midie Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Celecoxib induces apoptosis through Akt inhibition in 5-fluorouracil-resistant gastric cancer cells. Toxicol Res 2021; 37:25-33. [PMID: 33489855 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer and a global public health problem. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the primary drug chosen for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, but acquired cancer drug resistance limits its effectiveness and clinical use. Proliferation assays showed that a gastric carcinoma cell line, AGS and 5-FU-resistant AGS cells (AGS FR) treated with 3-100 μM 5-FU for 48 h or 72 h showed different sensitivities to 5-FU. Immunoblot assay demonstrated that AGS FR cells expressed more COX-2 and PGE2-cognated receptor EP2 than AGS cells. AGS FR cells considerably produced PGE2 than AGS upon stimulation with 5-FU. These results suggest that COX-2 expression is associated with 5-FU resistance. Unlike AGS FR cells, AGS cells showed increased levels of both cleaved caspase-3 and Bax following 5-FU treatment. Treatment of cells with the COX-2 selective inhibitor celecoxib induced cell death of AGS FR cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. FACS analysis showed that celecoxib at high doses caused apoptotic cell death, demonstrating a concentration-dependent increase in the cell populations undergoing early apoptosis and late apoptosis. This apoptotic induction was strongly supported by the expression profiles of apoptosis- and survival-associated proteins in response to celecoxib; pro-apoptotic cellular proteins increased while expressions of COX-2 and p-Akt were downregulated in a concentration-dependent manner. An increase in PTEN expression was accompanied with downregulation of p-Akt. Based on the data that downregulation of COX-2 was correlated with the concentrations of celecoxib, COX-2 may play a key role in celecoxib-induced cell death of AGS FR cells. Butaprost, the EP2 agonist, promoted proliferative activity of AGS FR cells in a concentration-dependent manner compared with AGS cells. In cells exposed to butaprost, expressions of COX-2 and p-Akt were increased in a concentration-dependent manner with concomitantly reduced PTEN levels. Taken together, 5-FU-resistance in gastric cancer is correlated with COX-2 expression, and therefore the selective inhibition of COX-2 leads to suppression of cell proliferation of AGS FR cells. Modulation of COX-2 expression and its catalytic activity may be a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome 5-FU-resistant gastric cancer.
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Zhang T, Zhang P, Li HX. CAFs-Derived Exosomal miRNA-130a Confers Cisplatin Resistance of NSCLC Cells Through PUM2-Dependent Packaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:561-577. [PMID: 33542625 PMCID: PMC7851405 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s271976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemoresistance is a significant barrier to the treatment and management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Exosomes play an essential role in intercellular communication. Understanding the mechanism underlying the role of tumor stroma, especially cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), during chemoresistance would significantly contribute to the clinical application of chemotherapy agents. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that NSCLC-derived CAFs were innately resistant to cisplatin treatment and CAFs-conditioned medium significantly promoted the survival rate of NSCLC cells after cisplatin treatment. Additionally, CAFs-derived exosomes were taken up by NSCLC cells. Moreover, exosomal miRNA-130a was transferred from CAFs to recipient NSCLC cells and knockdown of miRNA-130a reversed the effect of CAFs-derived exosomes during chemoresistance of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, pumilio homolog 2 (PUM2), a RNA-binding protein, mediated the packaging of miRNA-130a into exosomes. The overexpression and knockdown of PUM2 promoted and inhibited tumor growth of xenograft mice, respectively. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that CAFs-derived exosomes confer cisplatin resistance of NSCLC cells through transferring miRNA-130a and that PUM2 is a critical factor for packaging miRNA-130a into exosomes. This study indicates that CAFs-derived exosomal miRNA-130a may be a potential therapeutic target for cisplatin resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong276034, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong276034, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xia Li
- Endoscopic Room, Linyi Chest Hospital, Linyi, Shandong276034, People’s Republic of China
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50
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Li Z, Xu D, Tong X, Shan C. Inhibition of β-glucosidase overcomes gastric cancer chemoresistance through inducing lysosomal dysfunction. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101456. [PMID: 32507687 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical management of gastric cancer still remains challenge due to its poor response to chemotherapy. Better understanding the underlying mechanisms is required for the identification of more comprehensive therapies to overcome chemoresistance in gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS GBA1 level was systematically analyzed in gastric cancer patients before and after chemotherapy, and gastric cancer cells exposed to long-term chemo agent's treatment. The roles of GBA1 and its downstream mechanisms were investigated using pharmacological and genetic approaches. RESULTS We observed the time-dependent upregulation of GBA1 expression and enzyme activity in multiple gastric cancer cell lines in response to prolonged exposure of 5-FU. It is noted that this phenomenon was also observed in gastric cancer patients after chemotherapy. Interestingly, no significant differences on GBA1 expression were detected between normal and malignant gastric tissues. These suggest that the predominant role of GBA1 is in the development of gastric cancer chemoresistance rather than tumorigenesis. Functional analysis demonstrated that GBA1 inhibition suppressed gastric cancer growth and survival without affecting migration, and augmented 5-FU's efficacy. Consistently, GBA1 inhibition was active against 5-FU-resistant gastric cancer cells. Mechanism studies showed that GBA1 inhibition led to loss of lysosomal integrity and function in 5-FU-resistant gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS We are the first to show that inhibition of β-glucosidase (encoded by GBA1) sensitizes gastric cancer to chemotherapy. Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic value of inhibiting GBA1 in gastric cancer, particularly in those who develop chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Jingzhou Street 39, Xiangyang 441021, China
| | - Dongqiang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Jingzhou Street 39, Xiangyang 441021, China
| | - Xudong Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Jingzhou Street 39, Xiangyang 441021, China.
| | - Changxing Shan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
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