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Chow SKH, Gao Q, Pius A, Morita M, Ergul Y, Murayama M, Shinohara I, Cekuc MS, Ma C, Susuki Y, Goodman SB. The Advantages and Shortcomings of Stem Cell Therapy for Enhanced Bone Healing. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2024. [PMID: 39311464 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2024.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the regenerative potential of key progenitor cell types and therapeutic strategies to improve healing of complex fractures and bone defects. We define, summarize, and discuss the differentiation potential of totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent stem cells, emphasizing the advantages and shortcomings of cell therapy for bone repair and regeneration. The fundamental role of mesenchymal stem cells is highlighted due to their multipotency to differentiate into the key lineage cells including osteoblasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytes, which are crucial for bone formation and remodeling. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) also play a significant role; immune cells such as macrophages and T-cells modulate inflammation and tissue repair. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that are important to bone remodeling. Vascular progenitor (VP) cells are critical to oxygen and nutrient supply. The dynamic interplay among these lineages and their microenvironment is essential for effective bone restoration. Therapies involving cells that are more than "minimally manipulated" are controversial and include embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). ESCs, derived from early-stage embryos, possess pluripotent capabilities and have shown promise in preclinical studies for bone healing. iPSCs, reprogrammed from somatic cells, offer personalized medicine applications and can differentiate into various tissue-specific cell lines. Minimally manipulative cell therapy approaches such as the use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), exosomes, and various biomaterials for local delivery are explored for their effectiveness in bone regeneration. BMAC, which contains mostly immune cells but few mesenchymal and VPs, probably improves bone healing by facilitating paracrine-mediated intercellular communication. Exosome isolation harnesses the biological signals and cellular by-products that are a primary source for cell crosstalk and activation. Safe, efficacious, and cost-effective strategies to enhance bone healing using novel cellular therapies are part of a changing paradigm to modulate the inflammatory, repair, and regenerative pathways to achieve earlier more robust tissue healing and improved physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alexa Pius
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mayu Morita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yasemin Ergul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masatoshi Murayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Issei Shinohara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mehmet Sertac Cekuc
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yosuke Susuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Lin ECY, Davis MP, Lee MS, Ma G, Xu W, Chang YI, Li WJ. Advancing immunomodulatory functions in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells through targeting the GATA6-mediated pathway. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00823-5. [PMID: 39207345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The immunomodulatory capacity of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is a key feature that makes them particularly valuable for regenerative medicine. However, this potential is affected by the chronological aging of the donors and the cell expansion procedures in culture. We have demonstrated that GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6) plays a pivotal role in the aging of MSCs and inhibiting GATA6 rejuvenates the characteristics of MSCs. METHODS In this study, we compared the immunomodulatory capabilities of young and old MSC models, using induced pluripotent stem cells-derived rejuvenated MSCs (rMSCs) and their parental MSCs (pMSCs), respectively, to identify a key mechanism involved in the differential regulation of these capabilities. Additionally, we explored the role of GATA6 in mediating the mechanism. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that rMSCs exhibited downregulated aging-associated regulators, including p53, p21 and GATA6, and showed enhanced suppression of T cell proliferation compared to pMSCs. Through analyzing our previous RNA-seq data and employing target gene knockdown, we determined both suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and interleukin 6 were involved in GATA6-induced regulation, collectively affecting the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) in both pMSCs and rMSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underline the significance of the GATA6/SOCS3/PDL1 pathway in regulating aging-associated changes in MSC immunomodulatory activity, providing valuable insights into the potential use of rMSCs in the treatment of immune diseases and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chang-Yi Lin
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Madison P Davis
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ming-Song Lee
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gui Ma
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yuan-I Chang
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Quarato ER, Salama NA, Calvi LM. Interplay Between Skeletal and Hematopoietic Cells in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Homeostasis and Aging. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:416-432. [PMID: 38782850 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW In this review, we discuss the most recent scientific advances on the reciprocal regulatory interactions between the skeletal and hematopoietic stem cell niche, focusing on immunomodulation and its interplay with the cell's mitochondrial function, and how this impacts osteoimmune health during aging and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Osteoimmunology investigates interactions between cells that make up the skeletal stem cell niche and immune system. Much work has investigated the complexity of the bone marrow microenvironment with respect to the skeletal and hematopoietic stem cells that regulate skeletal formation and immune health respectively. It has now become clear that these cellular components cooperate to maintain homeostasis and that dysfunction in their interaction can lead to aging and disease. Having a deeper, mechanistic appreciation for osteoimmune regulation will lead to better research perspective and therapeutics with the potential to improve the aging process, skeletal and hematologic regeneration, and disease targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Quarato
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Noah A Salama
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Laura M Calvi
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Garner MT, Ibanez K, Erkilinc M, Espina-Rey A, Ilgenfritz RM, Lovejoy JF, Malone JB. No Value Found With Routine Early Postoperative Radiographs after Implant Removal in Pediatric Patients. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2024; 32:396-400. [PMID: 38261769 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-22-00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implants are routinely removed in pediatric patients. Fracture through the prior implant site is a common worry after implant removal. Early post-implant removal radiographs are routinely used to evaluate the prior implant removal sites and to assess when a patient may return to normal activities. To our knowledge, the value of early, routine postoperative radiographs after elective implant removal in pediatric patients has not been studied. METHODS A retrospective patient cohort of pediatric patients who had implant removal from an extremity from 2017 to 2019 was used in this study. Data were collected for patient demographics, implant site, reason for primary surgery, complications, number of postoperative radiographs, radiation exposure, cost of imaging, and whether the postoperative plan was changed by imaging. RESULTS Two hundred ninety patients were included in the study. Postoperative plans were changed only in 0.69% of patients (n = 2) because of abnormal 2-week radiographs and 1.72% (n = 5) because of abnormal 6-week radiographs. However, the event's proportion difference (change of management) was not statically significant ( P = 0.182) between those who had a radiograph obtained and those who did not. The mean follow-up time was 16 months. The mean number of postoperative radiographs obtained was 3.74, the mean cost per radiograph was $103, and the mean postoperative radiation exposure was 1.34 mSv. No fractures were observed after implant removal. DISCUSSION A retrospective review of the value of early, postoperative radiographs after routine orthopaedic implant removal found that postoperative radiographs at 2 and 6 weeks did not change the postoperative plan for most of the patients. Postoperative radiographs have an average cost of $103, and radiation exposure equal to approximately 6 months of natural background radiation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tyrel Garner
- From the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL (Garner and Ibanez), Department of Orthopedics, Nemours Children's Hospital Florida, Orlando, FL (Erkilinc, Espina-Rey, Ilgenfritz, Lovejoy, and Malone)
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Shen H, Ma Y, Qiao Y, Zhang C, Chen J, Zhang R. Application of Deferoxamine in Tissue Regeneration Attributed to Promoted Angiogenesis. Molecules 2024; 29:2050. [PMID: 38731540 PMCID: PMC11085206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Deferoxamine, an iron chelator used to treat diseases caused by excess iron, has had a Food and Drug Administration-approved status for many years. A large number of studies have confirmed that deferoxamine can reduce inflammatory response and promote angiogenesis. Blood vessels play a crucial role in sustaining vital life by facilitating the delivery of immune cells, oxygen, and nutrients, as well as eliminating waste products generated during cellular metabolism. Dysfunction in blood vessels may contribute significantly to the development of life-threatening diseases. Anti-angiogenesis therapy and pro-angiogenesis/angiogenesis strategies have been frequently recommended for various diseases. Herein, we describe the mechanism by which deferoxamine promotes angiogenesis and summarize its application in chronic wounds, bone repair, and diseases of the respiratory system. Furthermore, we discuss the drug delivery system of deferoxamine for treating various diseases, providing constructive ideas and inspiration for the development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Shen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Yane Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Jialing Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Ran Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 42 Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, China
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Zhang Y, Wang T, Song Y, Chen M, Hou B, Yao B, Ma K, Song Y, Wang S, Zhang D, Liang J, Wei C. Mechanism of Bazi Bushen capsule in delaying the senescence of mesenchymal stem cells based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27646. [PMID: 38509951 PMCID: PMC10950659 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing is becoming an increasingly serious problem; therefore, there is an urgent need to find safe and effective anti-ageing drugs. Aims To investigate the effects of Bazi Bushen capsule (BZBS) on the senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and explore its mechanism of action. Methods Network pharmacology was used to predict the targets of BZBS in delaying senescence in MSCs. For in vitro studies, MSCs were treated with D-gal, BZBS, and NMN, and cell viability, cell senescence, stemness-related genes, and cell cycle were studied using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, SA-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alizarin red, and oil red staining were used to determine the osteogenic and lipid differentiation abilities of MSCs. Finally, the expression of senescence-related genes and cyclin-related factors was detected by qPCR and western blotting. Results Network pharmacological analysis suggested that BZBS delayed cell senescence by interfering in the cell cycle. Our in vitro studies suggested that BZBS could significantly increase cell viability (P < 0.01), decrease the quantity of β-galactosidase+ cells (P < 0.01), downregulate p16 and p21 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), improve adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and upregulate Nanog, OCT4 and SOX2 genes (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in senescent MSCs. Moreover, BZBS significantly reduced the proportion of senescent MSCs in the G0/G1 phase (P < 0.01) and enhanced the expression of CDK4, Cyclin D1, and E2F1 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). Upon treatment with HY-50767A, a CDK4 inhibitor, the upregulation of E2F1 was no longer observed in the BZBS group. Conclusions BZBS can protect MSCs against D-gal-induced senescence, which may be associated with cell cycle regulation via the Cyclin D1/CDK4/E2F1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Tongxing Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Yanfei Song
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Shijiazhuang Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Meng Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Shijiazhuang Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Bin Hou
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Bing Yao
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Shijiazhuang Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Kun Ma
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Hebei Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Yahui Song
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Junqing Liang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Cong Wei
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
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Ren Y, Zhang S, Weeks J, Rangel-Moreno J, He B, Xue T, Rainbolt J, Morita Y, Shu Y, Liu Y, Kates SL, Schwarz EM, Xie C. Reduced angiogenesis and delayed endochondral ossification in CD163 -/- mice highlights a role of M2 macrophages during bone fracture repair. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2384-2393. [PMID: 36970754 PMCID: PMC10522791 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
While recent studies showed that macrophages are critical for bone fracture healing, and lack of M2 macrophages have been implicated in models of delayed union, functional roles for specific M2 receptors have yet to be defined. Moreover, the M2 scavenger receptor CD163 has been identified as a target to inhibit sepsis following implant-associated osteomyelitis, but potential adverse effects on bone healing during blockage therapy have yet to be explored. Thus, we investigated fracture healing in C57BL/6 versus CD163-/- mice using a well-established closed, stabilized, mid-diaphyseal femur fracture model. While gross fracture healing in CD163-/- mice was similar to that of C57BL/6, plain radiographs revealed persistent fracture gaps in the mutant mice on Day 14, which resolved by Day 21. Consistently, 3D vascular micro-CT demonstrated delayed union on Day 21, with reduced bone volume (74%, 61%, and 49%) and vasculature (40%, 40%, and 18%) compared to C57BL/6 on Days 10, 14, and 21 postfracture, respectively (p < 0.01). Histology confirmed large amounts of persistent cartilage in CD163-/- versus C57BL/6 fracture callus on Days 7 and 10 that resolves over time, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated deficiencies in CD206+ M2 macrophages. Torsion testing of the fractures confirmed the delayed early union in CD163-/- femurs, which display decreased yield torque on Day 21, and a decreased rigidity with a commensurate increase in rotation at yield on Day 28 (p < 0.01). Collectively, these results demonstrate that CD163 is required for normal angiogenesis, callus formation, and bone remodeling during fracture healing, and raise potential concerns about CD163 blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang Ren
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jason Weeks
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bin He
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Xue
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Rainbolt
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yugo Morita
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ye Shu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuting Liu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stephen L. Kates
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Edward M. Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chao Xie
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Smolinska V, Csobonyeiova M, Zamborsky R, Danisovic L. Stem Cells and Their Derivatives: An Implication for the Regeneration of Nonunion Fractures. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231183530. [PMID: 37462248 PMCID: PMC10363876 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231183530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in biomedical research, fracture nonunion rates have remained stable throughout the years. Long-bone fractures have a high likelihood of nonunion, but the specific biological pathways involved in this severe consequence are unknown. Fractures often heal in an organized sequence, including the production of a hematoma and an early stage of inflammation, the development of a soft callus and hard callus, and eventually the stage of bone remodeling. Deficient healing can result in a persistent bone defect with instability, discomfort, and loss of function. In the treatment of nonunions, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prove to be a promising and safe alternative to the standard therapeutic strategies. Moreover, novel scaffolds are being created in order to use a synergistic biomimetic technique to rapidly generate bone tissue. MSCs respond to acellular biomimetic matrices by regenerating bone. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs have recently gained interest in the field of musculoskeletal regeneration. Although many of these techniques and technologies are still in the preclinical stage and have not yet been approved for use in humans, novel approaches to accelerate bone healing via MSCs and/or MSC derivatives have the potential to reduce the physical, economic, and social burdens associated with nonhealing fractures and bone defects. In this review, we focus on providing an up-to-date summary of recent scientific studies dealing with the treatment of nonunion fractures in clinical and preclinical settings employing MSC-based therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Smolinska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
| | - Maria Csobonyeiova
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radoslav Zamborsky
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- National Institute of Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine-Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine-Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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van Trikt CH, Donders JCE, Klinger CE, Wellman DS, Helfet DL, Kloen P. Operative treatment of nonunions in the elderly: Clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients at minimum 75 years of age. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:985. [PMID: 36539691 PMCID: PMC9764700 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information exists on nonunion treatment in the elderly. This retrospective study evaluates whether results of operative treatment of nonunion of the humerus or femur in patients aged ≥ 75 years are comparable to those in younger patients. METHODS We identified patients age ≥ 75 years with a nonunion of humerus or femur treated with open reduction and internal fixation. The Non-Union Scoring System was calculated. Complications, clinical outcome, and radiographic findings were assessed. Primary endpoint was nonunion healing. A literature review compared time to healing of humeral and femoral nonunion in younger populations. RESULTS We identified 45 patients treated for a nonunion of humerus or femur with > 12 months follow-up. Median age was 79 years (range 75-96). Median time to presentation was 12 months (range 4-127) after injury, median number of prior surgeries was 1 (range 0-4). Union rate was 100%, with median time to union 6 months (range 2-42). Six patients underwent revision for persistent nonunion and healed without further complications. CONCLUSIONS Using a protocol of debridement, alignment, compression, stable fixation, bone grafting and early motion, patients aged 75 years or older can reliably achieve healing when faced with a nonunion of the humerus or femur. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton H. van Trikt
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna C. E. Donders
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Craig E. Klinger
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XOrthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery and New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - David S. Wellman
- grid.260917.b0000 0001 0728 151XOrthopaedic Trauma Service, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY USA
| | - David L. Helfet
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XOrthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery and New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Peter Kloen
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells from osteoarthritic joints in dogs possess lower chondrogenic-, and higher osteogenic capacity compared to normal joints. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:457. [PMID: 36064441 PMCID: PMC9446738 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (SM-MPCs) are a promising candidate for the cell-based treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) considering their in vitro and in vivo capacity for cartilage repair. However, the OA environment may adversely impact their regenerative capacity. There are no studies for canine (c)SM-MPCs that compare normal to OA SM-MPCs, even though dogs are considered a relevant animal model for OA. Therefore, this study compared cSM-MPCs from normal and OA synovial membrane tissue to elucidate the effect of the OA environment on MPC numbers, indicated by CD marker profile and colony-forming unit (CFU) capacity, and the impact of the OA niche on tri-lineage differentiation. Methods Normal and OA synovial membrane were collected from the knee joints of healthy dogs and dogs with rupture of the cruciate ligaments. The synovium was assessed by histopathological OARSI scoring and by RT-qPCR for inflammation/synovitis-related markers. The presence of cSM-MPCs in the native tissue was further characterized with flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemistry, using the MPC markers; CD90, CD73, CD44, CD271, and CD34. Furthermore, cells isolated upon enzymatic digestion were characterized by CFU capacity, and a population doublings assay. cSM-MPCs were selected based on plastic adherence, expanded to passage 2, and evaluated for the expression of MPC-related surface markers and tri-lineage differentiation capacity. Results Synovial tissue collected from the OA joints had a significantly higher OARSI score compared to normal joints, and significantly upregulated inflammation/synovitis markers S100A8/9, IL6, IL8, and CCL2. Both normal and OA synovial membrane contained cells displaying MPC properties, including a fibroblast-like morphology, CFU capacity, and maintained MPC marker expression over time during expansion. However, OA cSM-MPCs were unable to differentiate towards the chondrogenic lineage and had low adipogenic capacity in contrast to normal cSM-MPCs, whereas they possessed a higher osteogenic capacity. Furthermore, the OA synovial membrane contained significantly lower percentages of CD90+, CD44+, CD34+, and CD271+ cells. Conclusions The OA environment had adverse effects on the regenerative potential of cSM-MPCs, corroborated by decreased CFU, population doubling, and chondrogenic capacity compared to normal cSM-MPCs. OA cSM-MPCs may be a less optimal candidate for the cell-based treatment of OA than normal cSM-MPCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03144-z.
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11
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One of the Primary Functions of Tissue-Resident Pluripotent Pericytes Cells May Be to Regulate Normal Organ Growth and Maturation: Implications for Attempts to Repair Tissues Later in Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105496. [PMID: 35628309 PMCID: PMC9146368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells were reported more than 30 years ago. Since then, their potential to repair and regenerate damaged or diseased tissues has been studied intensively in both preclinical models and human trials. Most of the need for such tissue repair/regeneration is in older populations, so much of the effort has been performed with autologous cells in older patients. However, success has been difficult to achieve. In the literature, it has been noted that such progenitor cells from younger individuals often behave with more vigorous activity and are functionally enhanced compared to those from older individuals or animals. In addition, cells with the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells or pluripotent mesenchymal regulatory cells exist in nearly all tissues and organs as pericytes since fetal life. Such evidence raises the possibility that one of the primary roles of these organ-specific cells is to regulate organ growth and maturation, and then subsequently play a role in the maintenance of organ integrity. This review will discuss the evidence to support this concept and the implications of such a concept regarding the use of these progenitor cells for the repair and regeneration of tissues damaged by injury or disease later in life. For the latter, it may be necessary to return the organ-specific progenitor cells to the functional state that contributed to their effectiveness during growth and maturation rather than attempting to use them after alterations imposed during the aging process have been established and their function compromised.
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12
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Li Y, Gao H, Brunner TM, Hu X, Yan Y, Liu Y, Qiao L, Wu P, Li M, Liu Q, Yang F, Lin J, Löhning M, Shen P. Menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells efficiently ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting T cell activation in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:155. [PMID: 35410627 PMCID: PMC8995916 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunosuppressive properties grant mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) promising potential for treating autoimmune diseases. As autologous MSCs suffer from limited availability, the readily available allogeneic MSCs isolated from menstrual blood (MB-MSCs) donated by young, healthy individuals offer great potential. Here, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of MB-MSCs as ready-to-use allo-MSCs in multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease developed by the activation of myelin sheath-reactive Th1 and Th17 cells, by application in its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods We assessed the therapeutic effect of MB-MSCs transplanted via either intravenous (i.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) route in EAE in comparison with umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs). We used histology to assess myelin sheath integrity and infiltrated immune cells in CNS and flow cytometry to evaluate EAE-associated inflammatory T cells and antigen-presenting cells in lymphoid organs. Results We observed disease-ameliorating effects of MB-MSCs when transplanted at various stages of EAE (day − 1, 6, 10, and 19), via either i.v. or i.p. route, with a potency comparable to UC-MSCs. We observed reduced Th1 and Th17 cell responses in mice that had received MB-MSCs via either i.v. or i.p. injection. The repressed Th1 and Th17 cell responses were associated with a reduced frequency of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and a suppressed co-stimulatory capacity of pDCs, cDCs, and B cells. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that the readily available MB-MSCs significantly reduced the disease severity of EAE upon transplantation. Thus, they have the potential to be developed as ready-to-use allo-MSCs in MS-related inflammation. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02838-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghai Li
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Haiyao Gao
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Tobias M Brunner
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoxi Hu
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yushan Yan
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Peihua Wu
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meng Li
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.,School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Max Löhning
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ping Shen
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China. .,Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Hu M, Xing L, Zhang L, Liu F, Wang S, Xie Y, Wang J, Jiang H, Guo J, Li X, Wang J, Sui L, Li C, Liu D, Liu Z. NAP1L2 drives mesenchymal stem cell senescence and suppresses osteogenic differentiation. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13551. [PMID: 35032339 PMCID: PMC8844120 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) impairs stemness and osteogenic differentiation, but the key regulators for senescence and the related osteogenesis are not well defined. Herein, we screened the gene expression profiles of human BMSCs from young and old donors and identified that elevation of the nucleosome assembly protein 1‐like 2 (NAP1L2) expression was correlated with BMSC senescence and impaired osteogenesis. Elevated NAP1L2 expression was observed in replicative cell senescence and induced cell senescence in vitro, and in age‐related senescent human and mouse BMSCs in vivo, concomitant with significantly augmented chromatin accessibility detected by ATAC‐seq. Loss‐ and gain‐of‐functions of NAP1L2 affected activation of NF‐κB pathway, status of histone 3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14ac), and chromatin accessibility on osteogenic genes in BMSCs. Mechanistic studies revealed that NAP1L2, a histone chaperone, recruited SIRT1 to deacetylate H3K14ac on promoters of osteogenic genes such as Runx2, Sp7, and Bglap and suppressed the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Importantly, molecular docking analysis showed a possible bond between NAP1L2 and an anti‐aging reagent, the nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and indeed, administration of NMN alleviated senescent phenotypes of BMSCs. In vivo and clinical evidence from aging mice and patients with senile osteoporosis also confirmed that elevation of NAP1L2 expression was associated with suppressed osteoblastogenesis. Taken together, our findings suggest that NAP1L2 is a regulator of both BMSC cell senescence and osteogenic differentiation, and provide a new theoretical basis for aging‐related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Hu
- Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Liangyu Xing
- Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Li Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Fan Liu
- Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Sheng Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Science Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Ying Xie
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Science Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Science Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Science Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Jing Guo
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Science Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Xin Li
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Science Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Jingya Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Science Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Lei Sui
- Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Changyi Li
- Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Dayong Liu
- Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- The Province and Ministry Co‐Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Science Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
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14
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Moraes de Lima Perini M, Valuch CR, Dadwal UC, Awosanya OD, Mostardo SL, Blosser RJ, Knox AM, McGuire AC, Battina HL, Nazzal M, Kacena MA, Li J. Characterization and assessment of lung and bone marrow derived endothelial cells and their bone regenerative potential. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:935391. [PMID: 36120459 PMCID: PMC9470942 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.935391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is important for successful fracture repair. Aging negatively affects the number and activity of endothelial cells (ECs) and subsequently leads to impaired bone healing. We previously showed that implantation of lung-derived endothelial cells (LECs) improved fracture healing in rats. In this study, we characterized and compared neonatal lung and bone marrow-derived endothelial cells (neonatal LECs and neonatal BMECs) and further asses3sed if implantation of neonatal BMECs could enhance bone healing in both young and aged mice. We assessed neonatal EC tube formation, proliferation, and wound migration ability in vitro in ECs isolated from the bone marrow and lungs of neonatal mice. The in vitro studies demonstrated that both neonatal LECs and neonatal BMECs exhibited EC traits. To test the function of neonatal ECs in vivo, we created a femoral fracture in young and aged mice and implanted a collagen sponge to deliver neonatal BMECs at the fracture site. In the mouse fracture model, endochondral ossification was delayed in aged control mice compared to young controls. Neonatal BMECs significantly improved endochondral bone formation only in aged mice. These data suggest BMECs have potential to enhance aged bone healing. Compared to LECs, BMECs are more feasible for translational cell therapy and clinical applications in bone repair. Future studies are needed to examine the fate and function of BMECs implanted into the fracture sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Conner R. Valuch
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ushashi C. Dadwal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Olatundun D. Awosanya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sarah L. Mostardo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Rachel J. Blosser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Adam M. Knox
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Anthony C. McGuire
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Hanisha L. Battina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Murad Nazzal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Jiliang Li,
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15
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence and Osteogenesis. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 58:medicina58010061. [PMID: 35056369 PMCID: PMC8779043 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stem cells with the potential ability to differentiate into various cells and the ability to self-renew and resemble fibroblasts. These cells can adhere to plastic to facilitate the culture process. MSCs can be used in research into tissue biotechnology and rejuvenation medicine. MSCs are also beneficial in recipient tissue and differentiate as a breakthrough strategy through paracrine activity. Many databases have shown MSC-based treatment can be beneficial in the reduction of osteogenesis induced by senescence. In this article, we will discuss the potential effect of MSCs in senescence cells related to osteogenesis.
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16
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Ehnert S, Relja B, Schmidt-Bleek K, Fischer V, Ignatius A, Linnemann C, Rinderknecht H, Huber-Lang M, Kalbitz M, Histing T, Nussler AK. Effects of immune cells on mesenchymal stem cells during fracture healing. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1667-1695. [PMID: 34909117 PMCID: PMC8641016 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, bone is considered an osteoimmune system which encompasses functions of a locomotive organ, a mineral reservoir, a hormonal organ, a stem cell pool and a cradle for immune cells. This osteoimmune system is based on cooperatively acting bone and immune cells, cohabitating within the bone marrow. They are highly interdependent, a fact that is confounded by shared progenitors, mediators, and signaling pathways. Successful fracture healing requires the participation of all the precursors, immune and bone cells found in the osteoimmune system. Recent evidence demonstrated that changes of the immune cell composition and function may negatively influence bone healing. In this review, first the interplay between different immune cell types and osteoprogenitor cells will be elaborated more closely. The separate paragraphs focus on the specific cell types, starting with the cells of the innate immune response followed by cells of the adaptive immune response, and the complement system as mediator between them. Finally, a brief overview on the challenges of preclinical testing of immune-based therapeutic strategies to support fracture healing will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin Institute of Health Center of Regenerative Therapies, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89091, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89091, Germany
| | - Caren Linnemann
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Helen Rinderknecht
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology (ITI), University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89091, Germany
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Andreas K Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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17
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Dadwal UC, Bhatti FUR, Awosanya OD, de Andrade Staut C, Nagaraj RU, Perugini AJ, Tewari NP, Valuch CR, Sun S, Mendenhall SK, Zhou D, Mostardo SL, Blosser RJ, Li J, Kacena MA. The Effects of SRT1720 Treatment on Endothelial Cells Derived from the Lung and Bone Marrow of Young and Aged, Male and Female Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11097. [PMID: 34681756 PMCID: PMC8540697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for successful fracture healing. Age-related alterations in endothelial cells (ECs) may cause impaired bone healing. Therefore, examining therapeutic treatments to improve angiogenesis in aging may enhance bone healing. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is highly expressed in ECs and its activation is known to counteract aging. Here, we examined the effects of SRT1720 treatment (SIRT1 activator) on the growth and function of bone marrow and lung ECs (BMECs and LECs, respectively), derived from young (3-4 month) and old (20-24 month) mice. While aging did not alter EC proliferation, treatment with SRT1720 significantly increased proliferation of all LECs. However, SRT1720 only increased proliferation of old female BMECs. Vessel-like tube assays showed similar vessel-like structures between young and old LECs and BMECs from both male and female mice. SRT1720 significantly improved vessel-like structures in all LECs. No age, sex, or treatment differences were found in migration related parameters of LECs. In males, old BMECs had greater migration rates than young BMECs, whereas in females, old BMECs had lower migration rates than young BMECs. Collectively, our data suggest that treatment with SRT1720 appears to enhance the angiogenic potential of LECs irrespective of age or sex. However, its role in BMECs is sex- and age-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushashi Chand Dadwal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (U.C.D.); (F.U.R.B.); (O.D.A.); (C.d.A.S.); (R.U.N.); (A.J.P.III); (N.P.T.); (S.S.); (S.K.M.); (D.Z.); (S.L.M.); (R.J.B.)
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Fazal Ur Rehman Bhatti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (U.C.D.); (F.U.R.B.); (O.D.A.); (C.d.A.S.); (R.U.N.); (A.J.P.III); (N.P.T.); (S.S.); (S.K.M.); (D.Z.); (S.L.M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Olatundun Dupe Awosanya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (U.C.D.); (F.U.R.B.); (O.D.A.); (C.d.A.S.); (R.U.N.); (A.J.P.III); (N.P.T.); (S.S.); (S.K.M.); (D.Z.); (S.L.M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Caio de Andrade Staut
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (U.C.D.); (F.U.R.B.); (O.D.A.); (C.d.A.S.); (R.U.N.); (A.J.P.III); (N.P.T.); (S.S.); (S.K.M.); (D.Z.); (S.L.M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Rohit U. Nagaraj
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (U.C.D.); (F.U.R.B.); (O.D.A.); (C.d.A.S.); (R.U.N.); (A.J.P.III); (N.P.T.); (S.S.); (S.K.M.); (D.Z.); (S.L.M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Anthony Joseph Perugini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (U.C.D.); (F.U.R.B.); (O.D.A.); (C.d.A.S.); (R.U.N.); (A.J.P.III); (N.P.T.); (S.S.); (S.K.M.); (D.Z.); (S.L.M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Nikhil Prasad Tewari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (U.C.D.); (F.U.R.B.); (O.D.A.); (C.d.A.S.); (R.U.N.); (A.J.P.III); (N.P.T.); (S.S.); (S.K.M.); (D.Z.); (S.L.M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Conner Riley Valuch
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (C.R.V.); (J.L.)
| | - Seungyup Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (U.C.D.); (F.U.R.B.); (O.D.A.); (C.d.A.S.); (R.U.N.); (A.J.P.III); (N.P.T.); (S.S.); (S.K.M.); (D.Z.); (S.L.M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Stephen Kyle Mendenhall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (U.C.D.); (F.U.R.B.); (O.D.A.); (C.d.A.S.); (R.U.N.); (A.J.P.III); (N.P.T.); (S.S.); (S.K.M.); (D.Z.); (S.L.M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Donghui Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (U.C.D.); (F.U.R.B.); (O.D.A.); (C.d.A.S.); (R.U.N.); (A.J.P.III); (N.P.T.); (S.S.); (S.K.M.); (D.Z.); (S.L.M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Sarah Lyn Mostardo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (U.C.D.); (F.U.R.B.); (O.D.A.); (C.d.A.S.); (R.U.N.); (A.J.P.III); (N.P.T.); (S.S.); (S.K.M.); (D.Z.); (S.L.M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Rachel Jean Blosser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (U.C.D.); (F.U.R.B.); (O.D.A.); (C.d.A.S.); (R.U.N.); (A.J.P.III); (N.P.T.); (S.S.); (S.K.M.); (D.Z.); (S.L.M.); (R.J.B.)
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (C.R.V.); (J.L.)
| | - Melissa Ann Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (U.C.D.); (F.U.R.B.); (O.D.A.); (C.d.A.S.); (R.U.N.); (A.J.P.III); (N.P.T.); (S.S.); (S.K.M.); (D.Z.); (S.L.M.); (R.J.B.)
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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18
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Dadwal UC, Bhatti FUR, Awosanya OD, Nagaraj RU, Perugini AJ, Sun S, Valuch CR, de Andrade Staut C, Mendenhall SK, Tewari NP, Mostardo SL, Nazzal MK, Battina HL, Zhou D, Kanagasabapathy D, Blosser RJ, Mulcrone PL, Li J, Kacena MA. The effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and thrombopoietin treatment on angiogenic properties of endothelial cells derived from the lung and bone marrow of young and aged, male and female mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21840. [PMID: 34423881 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001616rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With an aging world population, there is an increased risk of fracture and impaired healing. One contributing factor may be aging-associated decreases in vascular function; thus, enhancing angiogenesis could improve fracture healing. Both bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and thrombopoietin (TPO) have pro-angiogenic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treatment with BMP-2 or TPO on the in vitro angiogenic and proliferative potential of endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from lungs (LECs) or bone marrow (BMECs) of young (3-4 months) and old (22-24 months), male and female, C57BL/6J mice. Cell proliferation, vessel-like structure formation, migration, and gene expression were used to evaluate angiogenic properties. In vitro characterization of ECs generally showed impaired vessel-like structure formation and proliferation in old ECs compared to young ECs, but improved migration characteristics in old BMECs. Differential sex-based angiogenic responses were observed, especially with respect to drug treatments and gene expression. Importantly, these studies suggest that NTN1, ROBO2, and SLIT3, along with angiogenic markers (CD31, FLT-1, ANGPT1, and ANGP2) differentially regulate EC proliferation and functional outcomes based on treatment, sex, and age. Furthermore, treatment of old ECs with TPO typically improved vessel-like structure parameters, but impaired migration. Thus, TPO may serve as an alternative treatment to BMP-2 for fracture healing in aging owing to improved angiogenesis and fracture healing, and the lack of side effects associated with BMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushashi C Dadwal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fazal Ur Rehman Bhatti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Olatundun D Awosanya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rohit U Nagaraj
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anthony J Perugini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Seungyup Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Conner R Valuch
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Caio de Andrade Staut
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephen K Mendenhall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nikhil P Tewari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah L Mostardo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Murad K Nazzal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hanisha L Battina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Donghui Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Deepa Kanagasabapathy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rachel J Blosser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Patrick L Mulcrone
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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19
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Jin L, Lu N, Zhang W, Zhou Y. Altered properties of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell during continuous in vitro cultivation. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:657-667. [PMID: 34349354 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are now recognized as an accessible, abundant, and reliable stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, ASCs should be expanded long term in order to harvest higher cell number for clinical application. In this study, ASCs isolated from human subcutaneous adipose tissue and senescence after long-term expansion was evaluated. The results showed that following in vitro expansion to the 15th passage, ASCs show changes in morphology (toward the "fried egg" morphology) and decrease in proliferation potential. Nonetheless, ASCs maintained differentiation potential toward osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. The senescent ASCs show impaired migration capacity under the same basal conditions. OXPHOS and glycolysis decreased slightly in culture from passage 5 to passage 15. ASCs also showed increased accumulation of beta-galactosidase in culture. Expression of senescence markers p53, p16, and p21 were also increased accompanied with the increase of passages. Experiment data showed that ASCs biological characteristics depended and changed with age. We recommend the use of early-passage cells, particularly those before passage 5, for efficacious therapeutic application of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Jin
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Na Lu
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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20
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Ma X, Yang J, Liu T, Li J, Lan Y, Wang Y, Wang A, Tian Y, Li Y. Gukang Capsule Promotes Fracture Healing by Activating BMP/SMAD and Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:7184502. [PMID: 33062020 PMCID: PMC7545469 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7184502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gukang capsule (GKC) is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation which has been used extensively in the clinical treatment of bone fractures. However, the mechanisms underlying its effects on fracture healing remain unclear. METHODS In this study we used a rabbit radius fracture model, and we measured the serum content of bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, and phosphorus and examined pathology of the fracture site as indicators of the fracture healing effects of GKC. SaOS-2 human osteosarcoma cells were used to measure (i) ALP activity, (ii) ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), calcium, and mineralization levels, (iii) the expression of osteogenic-related genes, that is, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), collagen I (COL-I), osteopontin (OPN), OTC, and osterix (Osx), and (iv) the expression of key proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin and BMP/SMAD signaling pathways to study the mechanisms by which GKC promotes fracture healing. RESULTS We found that GKC effectively promotes radius fracture healing in rabbits and enhances ALP activity, increases OTC and calcium levels, and stimulates the formation of mineralized nodules in SaOS-2 cells. Moreover, COL-I, OTC, Osx, BMP2, and OPN expression levels were higher in SaOS-2 cells treated with GKC than control cells. GKC upregulates glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation and Smad1/5 and β-catenin protein levels, thereby activating Wnt/β-catenin and BMP/Smad signaling pathways. Inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin and BMP/Smad signaling pathways (DKK1 and Noggin, respectively) suppress the osteogenic effects of GKC. CONCLUSIONS GKC promotes fracture healing by activating the Wnt/β-catenin and BMP/Smad signaling pathways and increasing osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion by osteoblasts (OBs), which prevents receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) binding to RANK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Applications of Ethnic Medicines and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Applications of Ethnic Medicines and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yanyu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Applications of Ethnic Medicines and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Applications of Ethnic Medicines and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Ye Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Applications of Ethnic Medicines and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
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21
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Sagaradze GD, Basalova NA, Efimenko AY, Tkachuk VA. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Critical Contributors to Tissue Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576176. [PMID: 33102483 PMCID: PMC7546871 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells that are tightly regulated by the specific microenvironment, or the stem cell niche, function to maintain tissue homeostasis and regeneration after damage. This demands the existence of specific niche components that can preserve the stem cell pool in injured tissues and restore the microenvironment for their subsequent appropriate functioning. This role may belong to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) due to their resistance to damage signals and potency to be specifically activated in response to tissue injury and promote regeneration by different mechanisms. Increased amount of data indicate that activated MSCs are able to produce factors such as extracellular matrix components, growth factors, extracellular vesicles and organelles, which transiently substitute the regulatory signals from missing niche cells and restrict the injury-induced responses of them. MSCs may recruit functional cells into a niche or differentiate into missing cell components to endow a niche with ability to regulate stem cell fates. They may also promote the dedifferentiation of committed cells to re-establish a pool of functional stem cells after injury. Accumulated evidence indicates the therapeutic promise of MSCs for stimulating tissue regeneration, but the benefits of administered MSCs demonstrated in many injury models are less than expected in clinical studies. This emphasizes the importance of considering the mechanisms of endogenous MSC functioning for the development of effective approaches to their pharmacological activation or mimicking their effects. To achieve this goal, we integrate the current ideas on the contribution of MSCs in restoring the stem cell niches after damage and thereby tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy D Sagaradze
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya A Basalova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Yu Efimenko
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod A Tkachuk
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Landry A, Levy BJ, McCarthy MB, Muench LN, Uyeki C, Berthold DP, Cote MP, Mazzocca AD. Analysis of Time to Form Colony Units for Connective Tissue Progenitor Cells (Stem Cells) Harvested From Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate and Subacromial Bursa Tissue in Patients Undergoing Rotator Cuff Repair. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2020; 2:e629-e636. [PMID: 33135004 PMCID: PMC7588643 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the time required for colonies to develop from concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA) and subacromial bursal tissue samples. Methods Samples of cBMA and subacromial bursa tissue were harvested from patients undergoing rotator cuff repair surgery between November 2014 and December 2019. Samples were analyzed for time to form colonies and number of colonies formed. The impact of age, sex, and cellularity (cBMA only) was analyzed. Samples were cultured and evaluated daily for colony formation in accordance with the guidelines of the International Society for Cellular Therapy. Demographic factors were analyzed for impact on time to form colonies and number of colonies formed. Results Samples of cBMA were obtained from 92 patients. Subacromial bursa tissue was obtained from 54 patients. For cBMA, older age was associated with more days to form colonies (P = .003), but sex (P = .955) and cellularity (P = .623) were not. For bursa, increased age was associated with longer time to form colonies (P = .002) but not sex (P = .804). Conclusions: Increased age (in cBMA and subacromial bursa tissue) and lower initial cellularity (in cBMA) are associated with longer time to form colonies in culture. Clinical Relevance Although connective tissue progenitor cells are widely used in orthopaedic practice, there are few metrics to determine their efficacy. Time to form colonies may serve as an important measurement for determining connective tissue progenitor cell viability for augmentation of rotator cuff repair. Subacromial bursa tissue may represent a viable alternative to cBMA for augmentation of rotator cuff repair, capable of forming colonies expediently in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Landry
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Benjamin J Levy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Mary Beth McCarthy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Lukas N Muench
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A.,Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Colin Uyeki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Daniel P Berthold
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A.,Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Mark P Cote
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Augustus D Mazzocca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
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23
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Goodman SB, Lin T. Modifying MSC Phenotype to Facilitate Bone Healing: Biological Approaches. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:641. [PMID: 32671040 PMCID: PMC7328340 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of fractures and bone defects normally follows an orderly series of events including formation of a hematoma and an initial stage of inflammation, development of soft callus, formation of hard callus, and finally the stage of bone remodeling. In cases of severe musculoskeletal injury due to trauma, infection, irradiation and other adverse stimuli, deficient healing may lead to delayed or non-union; this results in a residual bone defect with instability, pain and loss of function. Modern methods of mechanical stabilization and autologous bone grafting are often successful in achieving fracture union and healing of bone defects; however, in some cases, this treatment is unsuccessful because of inadequate biological factors. Specifically, the systemic and local microenvironment may not be conducive to bone healing because of a loss of the progenitor cell population for bone and vascular lineage cells. Autologous bone grafting can provide the necessary scaffold, progenitor and differentiated lineage cells, and biological cues for bone reconstruction, however, autologous bone graft may be limited in quantity or quality. These unfavorable circumstances are magnified in systemic conditions with chronic inflammation, including obesity, diabetes, chronic renal disease, aging and others. Recently, strategies have been devised to both mitigate the necessity for, and complications from, open procedures for harvesting of autologous bone by using minimally invasive aspiration techniques and concentration of iliac crest bone cells, followed by local injection into the defect site. More elaborate strategies (not yet approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-FDA) include isolation and expansion of subpopulations of the harvested cells, preconditioning of these cells or inserting specific genes to modulate or facilitate bone healing. We review the literature pertinent to the subject of modifying autologous harvested cells including MSCs to facilitate bone healing. Although many of these techniques and technologies are still in the preclinical stage and not yet approved for use in humans by the FDA, novel approaches to accelerate bone healing by modifying cells has great potential to mitigate the physical, economic and social burden of non-healing fractures and bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tzuhua Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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24
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Neri S, Borzì RM. Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Aging. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E340. [PMID: 32098040 PMCID: PMC7072652 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a reservoir for tissue homeostasis and repair that age during organismal aging. Beside the fundamental in vivo role of MSCs, they have also emerged in the last years as extremely promising therapeutic agents for a wide variety of clinical conditions. MSC use frequently requires in vitro expansion, thus exposing cells to replicative senescence. Aging of MSCs (both in vivo and in vitro) can affect not only their replicative potential, but also their properties, like immunomodulation and secretory profile, thus possibly compromising their therapeutic effect. It is therefore of critical importance to unveil the underlying mechanisms of MSC senescence and to define shared methods to assess MSC aging status. The present review will focus on current scientific knowledge about MSC aging mechanisms, control and effects, including possible anti-aging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Neri
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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25
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Jin S, Yang C, Huang J, Liu L, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhang L, Sun Q, Yang P. Conditioned medium derived from FGF-2-modified GMSCs enhances migration and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:68. [PMID: 32070425 PMCID: PMC7029497 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis plays an important role in tissue repair and regeneration, and conditioned medium (CM) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-CM) possesses pro-angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the profile and concentration of growth factors in MSC-CM remain to be optimized. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) has been proven to be an effective angiogenic factor. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify whether FGF-2 gene overexpression optimized CM from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) and whether such optimized CM possessed more favorable pro-angiogenesis effect. METHODS First, FGF-2 gene-modified hGMSCs were constructed using lentiviral transfection technology (LV-FGF-2+-hGMSCs) and the concentration of angiogenesis-related factors in LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM was determined by ELISA. Then, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured for 3 days with LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM, and the expression level of placenta growth factor (PLGF), stem cell factor (SCF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in HUVECs were determined by qRT-PCR, western blot, and cellular immunofluorescence techniques. The migration assay using transwell and in vitro tube formation experiments on matrigel matrix was conducted to determine the chemotaxis and angiogenesis enhanced by LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM. Finally, NOD-SCID mice were injected with matrigel mixed LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM, and the plug sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining with anti-human CD31 antibody. RESULTS LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM contained significantly more FGF-2, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) than hGMSC-CM. HUVECs pretreated with LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM expressed significantly more PLGF, SCF, and VEGFR2 at gene and protein level than hGMSC-CM pretreated HUVECs. Compared with hGMSC-CM, LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM presented significantly stronger chemotaxis to HUVECs and significantly strengthened HUVECs mediated in vitro tube formation ability. In vivo, LV-FGF-2+-hGMSC-CM also possessed stronger promoting angiogenesis ability than hGMSC-CM. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of FGF-2 gene promotes hGMSCs paracrine of angiogenesis-related growth factors, thereby obtaining an optimized conditioned medium for angiogenesis promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jin
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengzhe Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lianlian Liu
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shutong Li
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinfeng Sun
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Pishan Yang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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