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Smandri A, Al-Masawa ME, Hwei NM, Fauzi MB. ECM-derived biomaterials for regulating tissue multicellularity and maturation. iScience 2024; 27:109141. [PMID: 38405613 PMCID: PMC10884934 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in developing human-relevant organotypic models led to the building of highly resemblant tissue constructs that hold immense potential for transplantation, drug screening, and disease modeling. Despite the progress in fine-tuning stem cell multilineage differentiation in highly controlled spatiotemporal conditions and hosting microenvironments, 3D models still experience naive and incomplete morphogenesis. In particular, existing systems and induction protocols fail to maintain stem cell long-term potency, induce high tissue-level multicellularity, or drive the maturity of stem cell-derived 3D models to levels seen in their in vivo counterparts. In this review, we highlight the use of extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived biomaterials in providing stem cell niche-mimicking microenvironment capable of preserving stem cell long-term potency and inducing spatial and region-specific differentiation. We also examine the maturation of different 3D models, including organoids, encapsulated in ECM biomaterials and provide looking-forward perspectives on employing ECM biomaterials in building more innovative, transplantable, and functional organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Smandri
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Maimonah Eissa Al-Masawa
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ng Min Hwei
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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2
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Collagen-Specific Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010711. [PMID: 36614152 PMCID: PMC9821004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Constant interactions between tumor cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) influence the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). One of the key components of the ECM are collagen fibers, since they are responsible for the tissue stiffness, growth, adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion/metastasis, cell signaling, and immune recruitment of tumor cells. To explore this molecular marker in the content of PCa, we investigated two different tumor volumes (500 mm3 and 1000 mm3) of a xenograft mouse model of PCa with molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a collagen-specific probe. For in vivo MRI evaluation, T1-weighted sequences before and after probe administration were analyzed. No significant signal difference between the two tumor volumes could be found. However, we detected a significant difference between the signal intensity of the peripheral tumor area and the central area of the tumor, at both 500 mm3 (p < 0.01, n = 16) and at 1000 mm3 (p < 0.01, n = 16). The results of our histologic analyses confirmed the in vivo studies: There was no significant difference in the amount of collagen between the two tumor volumes (p > 0.05), but within the tumor, higher collagen expression was observed in the peripheral area compared with the central area of the tumor. Laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry further confirmed these results. The 1000 mm3 tumors contained 2.8 ± 1.0% collagen and the 500 mm3 tumors contained 3.2 ± 1.2% (n = 16). There was a strong correlation between the in vivo MRI data and the ex vivo histological data (y = −0.068x + 1.1; R2 = 0.74) (n = 16). The results of elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry supported the MRI data (y = 3.82x + 0.56; R2 = 0.79; n = 7). MRI with the collagen-specific probe in PCa enables differentiation between different tumor areas. This may help to differentiate tumor from healthy tissue, potentially identifying tumor areas with a specific tumor biology.
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Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease and a significant cause of mortality worldwide. Over the course of nearly all cancer types, collagen within the tumor microenvironment influences emergence, progression, and metastasis. This review discusses collagen regulation within the tumor microenvironment, pathological involvement of collagen, and predictive values of collagen and related extracellular matrix components in main cancer types. A survey of predictive tests leveraging collagen assays using clinical cohorts is presented. A conclusion is that collagen has high predictive value in monitoring cancer processes and stratifying by outcomes. New approaches should be considered that continue to define molecular facets of collagen related to cancer.
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Rasouli M, Rahimi A, Soleimani M, keshel SH. The interplay between extracellular matrix and progenitor/stem cells during wound healing: Opportunities and future directions. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151785. [PMID: 34500185 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Skin wound healing, a dynamic physiological process, progresses through coordinated overlapping phases to restore skin integrity. In some pathological conditions such as diabetes, wounds become chronic and hard-to-heal resulting in substantial morbidity and healthcare costs. Despite much advancement in understanding mechanisms of wound healing, chronic and intractable wounds are still a considerable challenge to nations' health care systems. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components play pivotal roles in all phases of wound healing. Therefore, a better understanding of their roles during wound healing can help improve wound care approaches. The ECM provides a 3D structure and forms the stem cell niche to support stem cell adhesion and survival and to regulate stem cell behavior and fate. Also, this dynamic structure reserves growth factors, regulates their bioavailability and provides biological signals. In various diseases, the composition and stiffness of the ECM is altered, which as a result, disrupts bidirectional cell-ECM interactions and tissue regeneration. Hence, due to the impact of ECM changes on stem cell fate during wound healing and the possibility of exploring new strategies to treat chronic wounds through manipulation of these interactions, in this review, we will discuss the importance/impact of ECM in the regulation of stem cell function and behavior to find ideal wound repair and regeneration strategies. We will also shed light on the necessity of using ECM in future wound therapy and highlight the potential roles of various biomimetic and ECM-based scaffolds as functional ECM preparations to mimic the native stem cell niche.
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Yang Z, Hu X, Zhou L, He Y, Zhang X, Yang J, Ju Z, Liou YC, Shen HM, Luo G, Hamblin MR, He W, Yin R. Photodynamic therapy accelerates skin wound healing through promoting re-epithelialization. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkab008. [PMID: 34514005 PMCID: PMC8420953 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) that reside in cutaneous hair follicles and the basal layer of the epidermis are indispensable for wound healing and skin homeostasis. Little is known about the effects of photochemical activation on EpSC differentiation, proliferation and migration during wound healing. The present study aimed to determine the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on wound healing in vivo and in vitro. Methods We created mouse full-thickness skin resection models and applied 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) for PDT to the wound beds. Wound healing was analysed by gross evaluation and haematoxylin–eosin staining in vivo. In cultured EpSCs, protein expression was measured using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Cell migration was examined using a scratch model; apoptosis and differentiation were measured using flow cytometry. Results PDT accelerated wound closure by enhancing EpSC differentiation, proliferation and migration, thereby promoting re-epithelialization and angiogenesis. PDT inhibited inflammatory infiltration and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, whereas the secretion of growth factors was greater than in other groups. The proportion of transient amplifying cells was significantly greater in vivo and in vitro in the PDT groups. EpSC migration was markedly enhanced after ALA-induced PDT. Conclusions Topical ALA-induced PDT stimulates wound healing by enhancing re-epithelialization, promoting angiogenesis as well as modulating skin homeostasis. This work provides a preliminary theoretical foundation for the clinical administration of topical ALA-induced PDT in skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yaxiong He
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiacai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rui Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Khandpur S, Gupta S, Gunaabalaji DR. Stem cell therapy in dermatology. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021; 87:753-767. [PMID: 34245532 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_19_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are precursor cells present in many tissues with ability to differentiate into various types of cells. This interesting property of plasticity can have therapeutic implications and there has been substantial research in this field in last few decades. As a result, stem cell therapy is now used as a therapeutic modality in many conditions, and has made its way in dermatology too. Stem cells can be classified on the basis of their source and differentiating capacity. In skin, they are present in the inter-follicular epidermis, hair follicle, dermis and adipose tissue, which help in maintaining normal skin homeostasis and repair and regeneration during injury. In view of their unique properties, they have been employed in treatment of several dermatoses including systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleromyxedema, alopecia, Merkel cell carcinoma, pemphigus vulgaris, psoriasis, wound healing, epidermolysis bullosa and even aesthetic medicine, with variable success. The advent of stem cell therapy has undoubtedly brought us closer to curative treatment of disorders previously considered untreatable. Nevertheless, there are multiple lacunae which need to be addressed including ideal patient selection, timing of intervention, appropriate conditioning regimens, post-intervention care and cost effectiveness. Further research in these aspects would help optimize the results of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Khandpur
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Savera Gupta
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D R Gunaabalaji
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ramos-Rodriguez DH, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F, Ortega Asencio I. Fabrication of Topographically Controlled Electrospun Scaffolds to Mimic the Stem Cell Microenvironment in the Dermal-Epidermal Junction. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2803-2813. [PMID: 33905240 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of microfabrication techniques for the development of innovative constructs for tissue regeneration is a growing area of research. This area comprises both manufacturing and biological approaches for the development of smart materials aiming to control and direct cell behavior to enhance tissue healing. Many groups have focused their efforts on introducing complexity within these innovative constructs via the inclusion of nano- and microtopographical cues mimicking physical and biological aspects of the native stem cell niche. Specifically, in the area of skin tissue engineering, seminal work has reported replicating the microenvironments located in the dermal-epithelial junction, which are known as rete ridges. The rete ridges are key for both stem cell control and the physiological performance of the skin. In this work, we have introduced complexity within electrospun membranes to mimic the morphology of the rete ridges in the skin. We designed and tested three different patterns, characterized them, and explored their performance in vitro, using 3D skin models. One of the studied patterns (pattern B) was shown to aid in the development of an in vitro rite-ridgelike skin model that resulted in the expression of relevant epithelial markers such as collagen IV and integrin β1. In summary, we have developed a new skin model including synthetic rete-ridgelike structures that replicate both morphology and function of the native dermal-epidermal junction and that offer new insights for the development of smart skin tissue engineering constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Ramos-Rodriguez
- Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, U.K
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, U.K
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, U.K
| | - Ilida Ortega Asencio
- Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K
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8
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Li X, Wang F, Lan Y, Bian R, Wang Y, Zhang X, Guo Y, Xiao L, Ni W, Zhao X, Luo G, Zhan R. GDF-5 induces epidermal stem cell migration via RhoA-MMP9 signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:1939-1948. [PMID: 33369147 PMCID: PMC7882973 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) is critical for wound re-epithelization and wound healing. Recently, growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) was discovered to have multiple biological effects on wound healing; however, its role in EpSCs remains unclear. In this work, recombinant mouse GDF-5 (rmGDF-5) was found via live imaging in vitro to facilitate the migration of mouse EpSCs in a wound-scratch model. Western blot and real-time PCR assays demonstrated that the expression levels of RhoA and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) were correlated with rmGDF-5 concentration. Furthermore, we found that rmGDF-5 stimulated mouse EpSC migration in vitro by regulating MMP9 expression at the mRNA and protein levels through the RhoA signalling pathway. Moreover, in a deep partial-thickness scald mouse model in vivo, GDF-5 was confirmed to promote EpSC migration and MMP9 expression via RhoA, as evidenced by the tracking of cells labelled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU). The current study showed that rmGDF-5 can promote mouse EpSC migration in vitro and in vivo and that GDF-5 can trigger the migration of EpSCs via RhoA-MMP9 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanxin Lan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ruyu Bian
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Chenzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanhua University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Ni
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Chenzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanhua University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rixing Zhan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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9
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Antioxidants as an Epidermal Stem Cell Activator. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100958. [PMID: 33036398 PMCID: PMC7600937 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants may modulate the microenvironment of epidermal stem cells by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species or by regulating the expression of extracellular matrix protein. The extracellular membrane is an important component of the stem cell niche, and microRNAs regulate extracellular membrane-mediated basal keratinocyte proliferation. In this narrative review, we will discuss several antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, plant extracts, peptides and hyaluronic acid, and their effect on the epidermal stem cell niche and the proliferative potential of interfollicular epidermal stem cells in 3D skin equivalent models.
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10
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Abstract
A multilayered epithelium to fulfil its function must be replaced throughout the lifespan. This is possible due to the presence of multipotent, self-renewing epidermal stem cells that give rise to differentiated cell lineages: keratinocytes, hairs, as well as sebocytes. Till now the molecular mechanisms responsible for stem cell quiescent, proliferation, and differentiation have not been fully established. It is suggested that epidermal stem cells might change their fate, both due to intrinsic events and as a result of niche-dependent extrinsic signals; however other yet unknown factors may also be involved in this process. Given the increasing excitement evoked by self-renewing epidermal stem cells, as one of the sources of adult stem cells, it seems important to reveal the mechanisms that govern their fate. In this chapter, we describe recent advances in the characterisation of the epidermal stem cells and their compartments. Furthermore, we focus on the interplay between epidermal stem cells and extrinsic signals and their role in quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation of appropriate epidermal stem cell lineages.
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Skin Stem Cells, Their Niche and Tissue Engineering Approach for Skin Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1212:107-126. [PMID: 31065940 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Skin is the main organ that covers the human body and acts as a protective barrier between the human body and the environment. Skin tissue as a stem cell source can be used for transplantation in therapeutic application in terms of its properties such as abundant, easy to access, high plasticity and high ability to regenerate. The immunological profile of these cells makes it a suitable resource for autologous and allogeneic applications. The lack of major histo-compatibility complex 1 is also advantageous in its use. Epidermal stem cells are the main stem cells in the skin and are suitable cells in tissue engineering studies for their important role in wound repair. In the last 30 years, many studies have been conducted to develop substitutions that mimic human skin. Stem cell-based skin substitutions have been developed to be used in clinical applications, to support the healing of acute and chronic wounds and as test systems for dermatological and pharmacological applications. In this chapter, tissue specific properties of epidermal stem cells, composition of their niche, regenerative approaches and repair of tissue degeneration have been examined.
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12
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Singh A, Yadav CB, Tabassum N, Bajpeyee AK, Verma V. Stem cell niche: Dynamic neighbor of stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 98:65-73. [PMID: 30563738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell niche is a specialized and dynamic microenvironment around the stem cells which plays a critical role in maintaining the stemness properties of stem cells. Over the years, advancement in the research activity has revealed the various important aspects of stem cell niche including cell-cell interaction, cell-extracellular matrix interaction, a large number of soluble signaling factors and various biochemical and biophysical cues (such as oxygen tension, flow, and shear and pore size). Stem cells have the potential to be a powerful tool in regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal property and immense differentiation potential. Recent progresses in in vitro culture conditions of embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have enabled the researchers to investigate and understand the role of the microenvironment in stem cell properties. The engineered artificial stem cell niche has led to a better execution of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Here we elucidate the key components of stem cell niche and their role in niche engineering and stem cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Complex, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - C B Yadav
- Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Complex, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - N Tabassum
- Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Complex, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - A K Bajpeyee
- Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Complex, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - V Verma
- Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Complex, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India.
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13
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Chae JB, Choi HR, Shin JW, Na JI, Huh CH, Park KC. The Effects of the 3-OH Group of Kaempferol on Interfollicular Epidermal Stem Cell Fate. Ann Dermatol 2018; 30:694-700. [PMID: 33911509 PMCID: PMC7992458 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2018.30.6.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kaempferol (3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid known to have a wide range of pharmacological activities. The 3-OH group in flavonoids has been reported to determine antioxidant activities. Objective We tested whether kaempferol can affect the expression of integrins and the stem cell fate of interfollicular epidermal stem cells. Methods Skin equivalent (SE) models were constructed, and the expression levels of stem cell markers and basement membrane-related antigens were tested. The immunohistochemical staining patterns of integrins, p63, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were compared between kaempferol- and apigenin-treated SE models. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of integrins. Results Kaempferol increased the thickness of the epidermis when added to prepare SEs. In addition, the basal cells of kaempferol- treated SEs appeared more columnar. In the immunohistological study, the expression of integrins α6 and β1 and the numbers of p63- and PCNA-positive cells were markedly higher in the kaempferol-treated model. However, apigenin showed no effects on the formation of three-dimensional skin models. RT-PCR analysis also confirmed that kaempferol increased the expression of integrin α6 and integrin β1. Conclusion Our findings indicated that kaempferol can increase the proliferative potential of basal epidermal cells by modulating the basement membrane. In other words, kaempferol can affect the fate of interfollicular epidermal stem cells by increasing the expression of both integrins α6 and β1. These effects, in particular, might be ascribed to the 3-OH group of kaempferol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Byeong Chae
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung-Won Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung-Im Na
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chang-Hun Huh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chan Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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14
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CXCL12 regulates differentiation of human immature melanocyte precursors as well as their migration. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 311:55-62. [PMID: 30483878 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) are localized in the bulge region of hair follicles and supply melanocytes, which determine hair color by synthesizing melanin. Ectopic differentiation of McSCs, which are usually undifferentiated in the bulge region, causes depletion of McSCs and results in hair graying. Therefore, to prevent hair graying, it is essential to maintain McSCs in the bulge region, but the mechanism of McSC maintenance remains unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the role of CXCL12, a chemokine which was previously suggested to induce migration of melanocyte lineage cells, as a niche component of McSCs. Immunohistological analysis revealed that CXCL12 was highly expressed in the bulge region of human hair follicles. CXCL12 mRNA expression level was significantly lower in white hairs plucked from human scalps than in black hairs. CXCL12 attracted the migration of early-passage normal human epidermal melanocytes (eNHEMs), an in vitro model of McSCs, which had characteristics of immature melanocyte precursors. We also found that CXCL12 suppressed their differentiation. These results suggest that CXCL12 regulates differentiation of McSCs as well as their proper localization, and maintaining McSCs by regulating CXCL12 expression level in the bulge region may be a key to preventing hair graying.
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Shin JW, Choi HR, Yang SH, Choi JY, Na JI, Huh CH, Park KC. The increase of interfollicular epidermal stem cells and regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its repressors in the skin through hydroporation with anti-aging cocktail. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 18:1133-1139. [PMID: 30381873 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Hydroporation is a procedure that involves a subsonic flow of air and microdroplets into the skin. We previously reported that hydroporation treatment with a cocktail solution containing copper-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysyl, oligo hyaluronic acid, rhodiola extract, tranexamic acid, and β-glucan yielded positive effects on skin aging. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydroporation with anti-aging cocktail on interfollicular epidermal stem cells (IFESCs) and expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/AhR repressor (AhRR) in the skin. METHODS Skin samples from six volunteers who were treated with hydroporation were analyzed via confocal microscopic examination. RESULTS Markers for dermal matrix (procollagen type I and fibrillin-1) and basement membrane (type IV collagen and integrin α6) were increased after treatment. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the expression level of histone deacetylase 1-positive/p63-negative basal cells, which we previously reported as interfollicular epidermal stem cells. The expression level of AhR was significantly decreased, whereas that of AhRR was increased. This indicates an alteration in the interaction between the skin and environment posttreatment. CONCLUSION Anti-aging hydroporation treatment recovered the stem cell potential of basal cells. Moreover, this treatment decreased AhR and increased AhRR in the skin, which may protect the skin from the harmful environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Won Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung-Hye Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Im Na
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chang-Hun Huh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chan Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Heterocellular molecular contacts in the mammalian stem cell niche. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:442-461. [PMID: 30025618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult tissue homeostasis and repair relies on prompt and appropriate intervention by tissue-specific adult stem cells (SCs). SCs have the ability to self-renew; upon appropriate stimulation, they proliferate and give rise to specialized cells. An array of environmental signals is important for maintenance of the SC pool and SC survival, behavior, and fate. Within this special microenvironment, commonly known as the stem cell niche (SCN), SC behavior and fate are regulated by soluble molecules and direct molecular contacts via adhesion molecules providing connections to local supporting cells and the extracellular matrix. Besides the extensively discussed array of soluble molecules, the expression of adhesion molecules and molecular contacts is another fundamental mechanism regulating niche occupancy and SC mobilization upon activation. Some adhesion molecules are differentially expressed and have tissue-specific consequences, likely reflecting the structural differences in niche composition and design, especially the presence or absence of a stromal counterpart. However, the distribution and identity of intercellular molecular contacts for adhesion and adhesion-mediated signaling within stromal and non-stromal SCN have not been thoroughly studied. This review highlights common details or significant differences in cell-to-cell contacts within representative stromal and non-stromal niches that could unveil new standpoints for stem cell biology and therapy.
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Ahmad T, Shin HJ, Lee J, Shin YM, Perikamana SKM, Park SY, Jung HS, Shin H. Fabrication of in vitro 3D mineralized tissue by fusion of composite spheroids incorporating biomineral-coated nanofibers and human adipose-derived stem cells. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:464-477. [PMID: 29803004 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Development of a bone-like 3D microenvironment with stem cells has always been intriguing in bone tissue engineering. In this study, we fabricated composite spheroids by combining functionalized fibers and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), which were fused to form a 3D mineralized tissue construct. We prepared fragmented poly (ι-lactic acid) (PLLA) fibers approximately 100 μm long by partial aminolysis of electrospun fibrous mesh. PLLA fibers were then biomineralized with various concentrations of NaHCO3 (0.005, 0.01, and 0.04 M) to form mineralized fragmented fibers (mFF1, mFF2, and mFF3, respectively). SEM analysis showed that the minerals in mFF2 and mFF3 completely covered the fiber surface, and surface chemistry analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite peaks. Additionally, mFFs formed composite spheroids with hADSCs, demonstrating that the cells were strongly attached to mFFs and homogeneously distributed throughout the spheroid. In vitro culture of spheroids in the media without osteogenic supplements showed significantly enhanced expression of osteogenic genes including Runx2 (20.83 ± 2.83 and 22.36 ± 2.18 fold increase), OPN (14.24 ± 1.71 and 15.076 ± 1.38 fold increase), and OCN (4.36 ± 0.41 and 5.63 ± 0.51 fold increase) in mFF2 and mFF3, respectively, compared to the no mineral fiber group. In addition, mineral contents were significantly increased at day 7. Blocking the biomineral-mediated signaling by PSB 603 significantly down regulated the expression of these genes in mFF3 at day 7. Finally, we fused composite spheroids to form a mineralized 3D tissue construct, which maintained the viability of cells and showed pervasively distributed minerals within the structure. Our composite spheroids could be used as an alternative platform for the development of in vitro bone models, in vivo cell carriers, and as building blocks for bioprinting 3D bone tissue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This manuscript described our recent work for the preparation of biomimeral-coated fibers that can be assembled with mesenchymal stem cells and provide bone-like environment for directed control over osteogenic differentiation. Biomineral coating onto synthetic, biodegradable single fibers was successfully carried out using multiple steps, combination of template protein coating inspired from mussel adhesion and charge-charge interactions between template proteins and mineral ions. The biomineral-coated single micro-scale fibers (1-2.5 μm in diameter) were then assembled with human adipose tissue derived stem cells (hADSCs). The assembled structure exhibited spheroidal architecture with few hundred micrometers. hADSCs within the spheroids were differentiated into osteogenic lineage in vitro and mineralized in the growth media. These spheroids were fused to form in vitro 3D mineralized tissue with larger size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taufiq Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Jun Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajeesh Kumar Madhurakat Perikamana
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Miyazawa A, Kuo S, Feinberg SE. Production of progenitor cells from primary human epithelial cell monolayer cultures. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:413-422. [PMID: 29725883 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary keratinocytes derived from human epidermis are widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. An important aspect in clinical applications is the preservation of human skin keratinocyte stem cells. However, it is difficult to expand the number of human skin keratinocyte stem cells, which are undifferentiated and highly proliferative in culture by using standard cell culture methods. It is even more difficult to identify them, since universal specific markers for human skin keratinocyte stem cells have not been identified. In this paper, we show a method to produce a large number of primary progenitor human skin keratinocytes by using our novel culture techniques. Primary human skin keratinocyte monolayers are cultured using twice the volume of medium without serum and lacking essential fatty acids. Once the cells reach 70-80% confluence, they begin to float up into the overlying medium and are called "epithelial pop-up keratinocytes (ePUKs)" allowing the cells to be passaged without the use of trypsin. We analyzed the properties of ePUKs by cell size, cell viability, immunocytofluorescence biomarker staining, and cell cycle phase distribution by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Our results showed that these ePUKs appear to be progenitor epithelial cells, which are small in size, undifferentiated, and have a high proliferative capacity. We believe that ePUKs are suitable for use in medical applications requiring a large number of primary human progenitor skin keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Miyazawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiuhyang Kuo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen E Feinberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, 1150 W Medical Center Drive, MSRB 2, A560B, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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19
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Zhan R, Wang F, Wu Y, Wang Y, Qian W, Liu M, Liu T, He W, Ren H, Luo G. Nitric oxide induces epidermal stem cell de-adhesion by targeting integrin β1 and Talin via the cGMP signalling pathway. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:1-10. [PMID: 29698689 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a critical molecule in wound healing, but the mechanism underlying its activity is not well defined. Here, we explored the effect of NO on the de-adhesion of epidermal stem cells (ESCs) and the mechanism involved in this process. METHODS The effects of NO on isolated human and mouse ESCs cultured in the presence of different concentrations of the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) were evaluated in cell de-adhesion assays mediated by integrin β and collagen IV. Subsequently, changes in the expression of integrin β1 and the phosphorylation of Talin in response to different doses of SNAP were detected by Western blot analysis and real-time PCR in vitro. Furthermore, the roles of various soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)- and protein kinase G (PKG)-specific inhibitors and agonists in the effects of NO on ESC de-adhesion, integrin β1 expression and Talin phosphorylation were analysed. Moreover, the effects of NO on integrin β1 expression and sGC/cGMP/PKG signalling-mediated wound healing were detected in vivo using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) label-retaining cells (LRCs) in a scald model and an excision wound healing model, respectively. RESULTS SNAP promoted primary human and mouse ESC de-adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner in the integrin β1-and collagen IV-mediated adhesion assay, and this effect was suppressed by the sGC and PKG inhibitors. Additionally, integrin β1 expression and Talin phosphorylation at serine 425 (S425) were negatively correlated with SNAP levels, and this effect was blocked by the sGC and PKG inhibitors. Moreover, the roles of NO in integrin β1 expression and cGMP signalling pathway-mediated wound healing were confirmed in vivo. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the stimulatory effects of NO on ESC de-adhesion related to integrin β1 expression and Talin phosphorylation were mediated by the cGMP signalling pathway, which is likely involved in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixing Zhan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; School of Nursing, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Ying Wu
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Wei Qian
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Menglong Liu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Hui Ren
- School of Nursing, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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20
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Yamada T, Hasegawa S, Miyachi K, Date Y, Inoue Y, Yagami A, Arima M, Iwata Y, Yamamoto N, Nakata S, Matsunaga K, Sugiura K, Akamatsu H. Laminin-332 regulates differentiation of human interfollicular epidermal stem cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 171:37-46. [PMID: 29555367 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interfollicular epidermal stem cells (IFE-SCs) have self-renewal and differentiation potentials, and maintain epidermal homeostasis. Stem cells in vivo are regulated by the surrounding environment called niche to function properly, however, IFE-SC niche components are not fully understood. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of keeping epidermal homeostasis and of skin aging, and also to develop new therapeutic technologies for skin diseases, we searched for niche factors that regulate IFE-SCs. We found that laminin-332, a basement membrane component, was highly expressed at the tips of the dermal papillae, where IFE-SCs are localized, and that the stem cells by themselves expressed laminin-332. Knockdown of laminin-332 during the culture of IFE-SC-model cells to construct 3-dimensional epidermis in vitro resulted in failure to form proper structure, although no significant change was observed in either cell growth or apoptosis. Pre-coating of the culture insert with laminin-332 restored the normal formation of 3-dimensional epidermis. From these results, it was shown that laminin-332 is an essential niche component for the proper differentiation of IFE-SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Yamada
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimicho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Seiji Hasegawa
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimicho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan; Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Katsuma Miyachi
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimicho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Date
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimicho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yu Inoue
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimicho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagami
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Masaru Arima
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohei Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Histochemistry, Joint Research Support Promotion Facility, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakata
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimicho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsunaga
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Akamatsu
- Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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21
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Chermnykh E, Kalabusheva E, Vorotelyak E. Extracellular Matrix as a Regulator of Epidermal Stem Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041003. [PMID: 29584689 PMCID: PMC5979429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal stem cells reside within the specific anatomic location, called niche, which is a microenvironment that interacts with stem cells to regulate their fate. Regulation of many important processes, including maintenance of stem cell quiescence, self-renewal, and homeostasis, as well as the regulation of division and differentiation, are common functions of the stem cell niche. As it was shown in multiple studies, extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes a lot to stem cell niches in various tissues, including that of skin. In epidermis, ECM is represented, primarily, by a highly specialized ECM structure, basement membrane (BM), which separates the epidermal and dermal compartments. Epidermal stem cells contact with BM, but when they lose the contact and migrate to the overlying layers, they undergo terminal differentiation. When considering all of these factors, ECM is of fundamental importance in regulating epidermal stem cells maintenance, proper mobilization, and differentiation. Here, we summarize the remarkable progress that has recently been made in the research of ECM role in regulating epidermal stem cell fate, paying special attention to the hair follicle stem cell niche. We show that the destruction of ECM components impairs epidermal stem cell morphogenesis and homeostasis. A deep understanding of ECM molecular structure as well as the development of in vitro system for stem cell maintaining by ECM proteins may bring us to developing new approaches for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Chermnykh
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Kalabusheva
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Vorotelyak
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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22
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Zhan R, Wang F, Wu Y, Wang Y, Qian W, Liu M, Liu T, He W, Ren H, Luo G. Nitric oxide promotes epidermal stem cell proliferation via FOXG1-c-Myc signalling. Nitric Oxide 2017; 73:1-8. [PMID: 29248687 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) play a critical role in wound repair, but the mechanism underlying ESC proliferation is unclear. Here, we explored the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on ESC proliferation and the possible underlying mechanism. METHODS The effect of NO (two NO donors, SNAP and spermine NONOate, were used) on cell proliferation was detected using cell proliferation and DNA synthesis assays. Thereafter, expression of FOXG1 and c-Myc induced by NO was determined by immunoblot analysis. pAdEasy-FOXG1 adenovirus and c-Myc siRNA plasmids were infected or transfected, respectively, into human ESCs to detect the effect of FOXG1 and c-Myc on NO-induced cell proliferation. Additionally, NO-induced ESC proliferation in vivo was detected by BrdU incorporation and a superficial second-degree mouse burn model. Moreover, the relationships among NO, FOXG1 and c-Myc were detected by western blotting, real-time PCR and dual luciferase assay. RESULTS NO exerted a biphasic effect on ESC proliferation, and 100 μM SNAP and 10 μM spermine NONOate were the optimal concentrations to promote cell proliferation. Additionally, NO-promoted human ESC proliferation was mediated by FOXG1 and c-Myc in vitro and vivo. Furthermore, NO regulated FOXG1 expression through cGMP signalling, and NO-induced transcription of c-Myc was regulated by FOXG1-mediated c-Myc promoter activity. CONCLUSION This study showed that the biphasic effect of NO on ESC proliferation as well as NO induced ESC proliferation were regulated by the cGMP/FOXG1/c-Myc signalling pathway, suggesting that NO may serve as a new disparate target for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixing Zhan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Ying Wu
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Wei Qian
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Menglong Liu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Hui Ren
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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23
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Prodinger CM, Reichelt J, Bauer JW, Laimer M. Current and Future Perspectives of Stem Cell Therapy in Dermatology. Ann Dermatol 2017; 29:667-687. [PMID: 29200755 PMCID: PMC5705348 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2017.29.6.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of generating, sustaining, and replacing terminally differentiated cells and tissues. They can be isolated from embryonic as well as almost all adult tissues including skin, but are also generated through genetic reprogramming of differentiated cells. Preclinical and clinical research has recently tremendously improved stem cell therapy, being a promising treatment option for various diseases in which current medical therapies fail to cure, prevent progression or relieve symptoms. With the main goal of regeneration or sustained genetic correction of damaged tissue, advanced tissue-engineering techniques are especially applicable for many dermatological diseases including wound healing, genodermatoses (like the severe blistering disorder epidermolysis bullosa) and chronic (auto-)inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes general aspects as well as current and future perspectives of stem cell therapy in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Prodinger
- Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Reichelt
- Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann W Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Laimer
- Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Goichberg P. Current Understanding of the Pathways Involved in Adult Stem and Progenitor Cell Migration for Tissue Homeostasis and Repair. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:421-37. [PMID: 27209167 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the advancements in the field of adult stem and progenitor cells grows the recognition that the motility of primitive cells is a pivotal aspect of their functionality. There is accumulating evidence that the recruitment of tissue-resident and circulating cells is critical for organ homeostasis and effective injury responses, whereas the pathobiology of degenerative diseases, neoplasm and aging, might be rooted in the altered ability of immature cells to migrate. Furthermore, understanding the biological machinery determining the translocation patterns of tissue progenitors is of great relevance for the emerging methodologies for cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. The present article provides an overview of studies addressing the physiological significance and diverse modes of stem and progenitor cell trafficking in adult mammalian organs, discusses the major microenvironmental cues regulating cell migration, and describes the implementation of live imaging approaches for the exploration of stem cell movement in tissues and the factors dictating the motility of endogenous and transplanted cells with regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Goichberg
- Department Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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25
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Shin JW, Choi HR, Nam KM, Lee HS, Kim SA, Joe HJ, Kazumi T, Park KC. The Co-Expression Pattern of p63 and HDAC1: A Potential Way to Disclose Stem Cells in Interfollicular Epidermis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071360. [PMID: 28672879 PMCID: PMC5535853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell markers of interfollicular epidermis (IEF) have not been established thus far. The aim of this study is to suggest a new way to disclose IFE-stem cells by combining the expression of histone deacetylases (HDAC) 1 and p63. Immunohistochemical staining of HDAC1 and p63 was performed in six normal human samples. Moreover, a skin equivalent (SE) model was treated with suberoylanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA, an HDAC inhibitor) to elucidate the role of HDAC1. Finally, rapidly adhering (RA) keratinocytes to a type IV collagen, which have been identified to represent epidermal stem cells, were subjected to Western blot analysis with antibodies against HDAC1. In normal samples, there was a minor subpopulation comprised of p63-positive and HDAC1-negative cells in the basal layers. The proportion of this subpopulation was decreased with age. In the SE model, SAHA treatment increased the epidermal thickness and number of p63-positive cells in a dose dependent manner. After SAHA treatment, the expression of differentiation markers was decreased, while that of basement membrane markers was increased. In a Western blot analysis, HDAC1 was not expressed in RA cells. In conclusion, the combination of p63-positive and HDAC1-negative expressions can be a potential new way for distinguishing epidermal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Won Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Korea.
| | - Hye-Ryung Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Mi Nam
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Sun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Korea.
| | - Sung-Ae Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 56 Dalseong-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daegu 41931, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jae Joe
- Department of Dermatology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 56 Dalseong-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daegu 41931, Korea.
| | | | - Kyoung-Chan Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Korea.
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26
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Chee MK, Jo SK, Sohn KC, Kim CD, Lee JH, Lee YH. Effects of Brn2 overexpression on eccrine sweat gland development in the mouse paw. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [PMID: 28648603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eccrine sweat glands regulate body temperature by secreting water and electrolytes. In humans, eccrine sweat glands are ubiquitous in the skin, except in the lips and external genitalia. In mice, eccrine sweat glands are present only in the paw pad. Brn2 is a protein belonging to a large family of transcription factors. A few studies have examined Brn2 in melanoma cells and epidermal keratinocytes. This study investigated changes in the skin in the K5-Brn2 transgenic mouse, which overexpresses Brn2 and contains the keratin 5 promotor. Interestingly, the volume of eccrine sweat glands was reduced markedly in the K5-Brn2 transgenic mouse compared with the wild-type, while the expression of aquaporin 5, important molecule in sweat secretion, was increased in each sweat gland cell, probably to compensate for the reduction in gland development. However, sweating response to a pilocarpine injection in the hind paw was significantly decreased in the K5-Brn2 transgenic mouse compared with the wild-type. The paw epidermis was thicker in the K5-Brn2 transgenic mouse compared with the wild-type. Taken together, eccrine sweat gland development and sweat secretion were suppressed markedly in the K5-Brn2 transgenic mouse. These results may be associated with dominant development of the epidermis by Brn2 overexpression in the paw skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Keun Chee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyeong Jo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung Cheol Sohn
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Wang P, Shu B, Xu Y, Zhu J, Liu J, Zhou Z, Chen L, Zhao J, Liu X, Qi S, Xiong K, Xie J. Basic fibroblast growth factor reduces scar by inhibiting the differentiation of epidermal stem cells to myofibroblasts via the Notch1/Jagged1 pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:114. [PMID: 28511663 PMCID: PMC5434520 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) plays an important role in promoting wound healing and reducing scar, but the possible molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Our previous studies have found that activating the Notch1/Jagged1 pathway can inhibit the differentiation of epidermal stem cells (ESCs) to myofibroblasts (MFB). Herein, we document that bFGF reduces scar by inhibiting the differentiation of ESCs to MFB via activating the Notch1/Jagged1 pathway. Methods In in-vitro study, ESCs were isolated from 10 neonatal SD rats (1–3 days old), cultured in keratinocyte serum-free medium, and divided into six groups: bFGF group, bFGF + SU5402 group, bFGF + DAPT group, siJagged1 group, bFGF + siJagged1 group, and control group. Jagged1 of the ESCs in the siJagged1 group and bFGF + siJagged1 group was knocked down by small-interfering RNA transfection. Expression of ESC markers (CK15/CK10), MFB markers (α-SMA, Collagen I, Collagen III), and Notch1/Jagged1 components (Jagged1, Notch1, Hes1) was detected by FCM, qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis to study the relationships of bFGF, ESCs, and Notch1/Jagged1 pathway. In in-vivo study, the wound healing time and scar hyperplasia were observed on rabbit ear scar models. The quality of wound healing was estimated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining. Expression of ESC markers, MFB markers and Notch1/Jagged1 components was elucidated by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis. Results The in-vitro study showed that bFGF could significantly upregulate the expression of ESC markers and Notch1/Jagged1 components, while downregulating the expression of MFB markers at the same time. However, these effects could be obviously decreased when we knocked down Jagged1 or added DAPT. Similarly, in in-vivo study, bFGF also exhibited its functions in inhibiting the differentiation of rabbit ESCs to MFB by activating the Notch1/Jagged1 pathway, which improved the wound healing quality and alleviated scar significantly. Conclusion These results provide evidence that bFGF can reduce scar by inhibiting the differentiation of ESCs to MFB via the Notch1/Jagged1 pathway, and present a new promising potential direction for the treatment of scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingbin Xu
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Zhu
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziheng Zhou
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingling Zhao
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohai Qi
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Julin Xie
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Dvořánková B, Szabo P, Kodet O, Strnad H, Kolář M, Lacina L, Krejčí E, Naňka O, Šedo A, Smetana K. Intercellular crosstalk in human malignant melanoma. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1143-1150. [PMID: 27807664 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Incidence of malignant melanoma is increasing globally. While the initial stages of tumors can be easily treated by a simple surgery, the therapy of advanced stages is rather limited. Melanoma cells spread rapidly through the body of a patient to form multiple metastases. Consequently, the survival rate is poor. Therefore, emphasis in melanoma research is given on early diagnosis and development of novel and more potent therapeutic options. The malignant melanoma is arising from melanocytes, cells protecting mitotically active keratinocytes against damage caused by UV light irradiation. The melanocytes originate in the neural crest and consequently migrate to the epidermis. The relationship between the melanoma cells, the melanocytes, and neural crest stem cells manifests when the melanoma cells are implanted to an early embryo: they use similar migratory routes as the normal neural crest cells. Moreover, malignant potential of these melanoma cells is overdriven in this experimental model, probably due to microenvironmental reprogramming. This observation demonstrates the crucial role of the microenvironment in melanoma biology. Indeed, malignant tumors in general represent complex ecosystems, where multiple cell types influence the growth of genetically mutated cancer cells. This concept is directly applicable to the malignant melanoma. Our review article focuses on possible strategies to modify the intercellular crosstalk in melanoma that can be employed for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Dvořánková
- Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Szabo
- Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kodet
- Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Krejčí
- Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Naňka
- Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksi Šedo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, U Nemocnice 5, 128 53, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Smetana
- Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
- BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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29
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Wang F, Zhan R, Chen L, Dai X, Wang W, Guo R, Li X, Li Z, Wang L, Huang S, Shen J, Li S, Cao C. RhoA promotes epidermal stem cell proliferation via PKN1-cyclin D1 signaling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172613. [PMID: 28222172 PMCID: PMC5319766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) play a critical role in wound healing, but the mechanism underlying ESC proliferation is not well defined. Here, we explore the effects of RhoA on ESC proliferation and the possible underlying mechanism. METHODS Human ESCs were enriched by rapid adhesion to collagen IV. RhoA(+/+)(G14V), RhoA(-/-)(T19N) and pGFP control plasmids were transfected into human ESCs. The effect of RhoA on cell proliferation was detected by cell proliferation and DNA synthesis assays. Induction of PKN1 activity by RhoA was determined by immunoblot analysis, and the effects of PKN1 on RhoA in terms of inducing cell proliferation and cyclin D1 expression were detected using specific siRNA targeting PKN1. The effects of U-46619 (a RhoA agonist) and C3 transferase (a RhoA antagonist) on ESC proliferation were observed in vivo. RESULTS RhoA had a positive effect on ESC proliferation, and PKN1 activity was up-regulated by the active RhoA mutant (G14V) and suppressed by RhoA T19N. Moreover, the ability of RhoA to promote ESC proliferation and DNA synthesis was interrupted by PKN1 siRNA. Additionally, cyclin D1 protein and mRNA expression levels were up-regulated by RhoA G14V, and these effects were inhibited by siRNA-mediated knock-down of PKN1. RhoA also promoted ESC proliferation via PKN in vivo. CONCLUSION This study shows that the effect of RhoA on ESC proliferation is mediated by activation of the PKN1-cyclin D1 pathway in vitro, suggesting that RhoA may serve as a new therapeutic target for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rixing Zhan
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoge Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shupeng Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shirong Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (LS); (CC)
| | - Chuan Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (LS); (CC)
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Metral E, Bechetoille N, Demarne F, Rachidi W, Damour O. α6 Integrin (α6 high)/Transferrin Receptor (CD71) low Keratinocyte Stem Cells Are More Potent for Generating Reconstructed Skin Epidermis Than Rapid Adherent Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020282. [PMID: 28134816 PMCID: PMC5343818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermis basal layer is composed of two keratinocyte populations: Keratinocyte Stem cells (KSC) and Transitory Amplifying (TA) cells that arise from KSC division. Unfortunately, no specific marker exists to differ between KSC and TA cells. Here, we aimed at comparing two different methods that pretended to isolate these two populations: (i) the rapid adhesion method on coated substrate and (ii) the flow cytometry method, which is based on the difference in cell surface expressions of the α6 integrin and transferrin receptor (CD71). Then, we compared different parameters that are known to discriminate KSC and TA populations. Interestingly, we showed that both methods allow enrichment in stem cells. However, cell sorting by flow cytometry (α6high/CD71low) phenotype leads to a better enrichment of KSC since the colony forming efficiency is five times increased versus total cell suspension, whereas it is only 1.4 times for the adhesion method. Moreover, α6high/CD71low cells give rise to a thicker pluristratified epithelium with lower seeding density and display a low Ki67 positive cells number, showing that they have reached the balance between proliferation and differentiation. We clearly demonstrated that cells isolated by a rapid adherent method are not the same population as KSC isolated by flow cytometry following α6high/CD71low phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Metral
- Gattefossé, 36 chemin de Genas, F-69800 Saint-Priest, France.
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)/Institut Nanosciences et cryogénie (INAC)/SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l'Energie et la Santé (SyMMES)/Lésions des acides nucléiques (LAN), 17 avenue des martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble CEDEX, France.
- Hospices Civils de LYON (HCL)/Banque de Tissus et Cellules/Laboratoire des Substituts Cutanés, 5 place d'Arsonval, F-69000 Lyon, France.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | - Walid Rachidi
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)/Institut Nanosciences et cryogénie (INAC)/SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l'Energie et la Santé (SyMMES)/Lésions des acides nucléiques (LAN), 17 avenue des martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble CEDEX, France.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Odile Damour
- Hospices Civils de LYON (HCL)/Banque de Tissus et Cellules/Laboratoire des Substituts Cutanés, 5 place d'Arsonval, F-69000 Lyon, France.
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Golpanian S, Wolf A, Hatzistergos KE, Hare JM. Rebuilding the Damaged Heart: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell-Based Therapy, and Engineered Heart Tissue. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1127-68. [PMID: 27335447 PMCID: PMC6345247 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly distributed cells that retain postnatal capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs evade immune detection, secrete an array of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic mediators, and very importantly activate resident precursors. These properties form the basis for the strategy of clinical application of cell-based therapeutics for inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. In cardiovascular medicine, administration of autologous or allogeneic MSCs in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy holds significant promise. Numerous preclinical studies of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy employing MSC-based therapy have demonstrated that the properties of reducing fibrosis, stimulating angiogenesis, and cardiomyogenesis have led to improvements in the structure and function of remodeled ventricles. Further attempts have been made to augment MSCs' effects through genetic modification and cell preconditioning. Progression of MSC therapy to early clinical trials has supported their role in improving cardiac structure and function, functional capacity, and patient quality of life. Emerging data have supported larger clinical trials that have been either completed or are currently underway. Mechanistically, MSC therapy is thought to benefit the heart by stimulating innate anti-fibrotic and regenerative responses. The mechanisms of action involve paracrine signaling, cell-cell interactions, and fusion with resident cells. Trans-differentiation of MSCs to bona fide cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels is also thought to occur, although at a nonphysiological level. Recently, MSC-based tissue engineering for cardiovascular disease has been examined with quite encouraging results. This review discusses MSCs from their basic biological characteristics to their role as a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Golpanian
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ariel Wolf
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Konstantinos E Hatzistergos
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Novel Antioxidant Tripeptide "ACQ" Can Prevent UV-Induced Cell Death and Preserve the Number of Epidermal Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015. [PMID: 26199677 PMCID: PMC4496495 DOI: 10.1155/2015/359740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We found that tripeptide “ACQ: alanine-cysteine-glutamine” has significant DPPH scavenging activity compared to that of glutathione. Antioxidant effects of ACQ were tested in in vitro and in vivo models. When treated with H2O2, mock treated fibroblasts and keratinocytes showed strong staining by H2DCFA. But, ACQ showed good protective effects against hydrogen peroxide treatment. When mice were fed for 2 or 4 weeks, similar protective effects were observed. In the control group, epidermis was severely damaged by UV irradiation and apoptotic keratinocytes were observed. There were also numerous TUNEL positive cells. But in the ACQ group, epidermis became thicker and there was no sign of severe damage. Interestingly, the number of p63 cells was also higher in ACQ fed mice. To confirm the stem cell rescuing effects of ACQ, three-dimensional skin samples were constructed. Results showed that ACQ increased the expression of integrin α6 and the number of p63 positive cells. These findings showed that ACQ has good antioxidant activity and may increase stem cell activities by the regulation of integrin α6.
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