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Henriot P, Castry M, Luong Nguyen LB, Shimakawa Y, Jean K, Temime L. Meta-analysis: risk of hepatitis C virus infection associated with hospital-based invasive procedures. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:558-569. [PMID: 35758763 PMCID: PMC9543323 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare settings, where invasive procedures are frequently performed, may play an important role in the transmission dynamics of blood-borne pathogens when compliance with infection control precautions is suboptimal. AIMS To understand and quantify the role of hospital-based invasive procedures on hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify recent studies reporting association measures of HCV infection risk that are linked to iatrogenic procedures. Based on expert opinion, invasive procedures were categorised into 10 groups for which pooled measures were calculated. Finally, the relationship between pooled measures and the country-level HCV prevalence or the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) index was assessed by meta-regression. RESULTS We included 71 studies in the analysis. The most frequently evaluated procedures were blood transfusion (66 measures) and surgery (43 measures). The pooled odds ratio (OR) of HCV infection varied widely, ranging from 1.46 (95% confidence interval: 1.14-1.88) for dental procedures to 3.22 (1.7-6.11) for transplantation. The OR for blood transfusion was higher for transfusions performed before 1998 (3.77, 2.42-5.88) than for those without a specified/recent date (2.20, 1.77-2.75). In procedure-specific analyses, the HCV infection risk was significantly negatively associated with the HAQ for endoscopy and positively associated with HCV prevalence for endoscopy and surgery. CONCLUSIONS Various invasive procedures were significantly associated with HCV infection. Our results provide a ranking of procedures in terms of HCV risk that may be used for prioritisation of infection control interventions, especially in high HCV prevalence settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Henriot
- MESuRS LaboratoryConservatoire National des Arts et MétiersParisFrance,PACRI UnitConservatoire National des Arts et Métiers/Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | | | | | - Yusuke Shimakawa
- PACRI UnitConservatoire National des Arts et Métiers/Institut PasteurParisFrance,Unité d'Epidémiologie des Maladies ÉmergentesInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Kévin Jean
- MESuRS LaboratoryConservatoire National des Arts et MétiersParisFrance,PACRI UnitConservatoire National des Arts et Métiers/Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Laura Temime
- MESuRS LaboratoryConservatoire National des Arts et MétiersParisFrance,PACRI UnitConservatoire National des Arts et Métiers/Institut PasteurParisFrance
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2
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Worldwide prevalence, genotype distribution and management of hepatitis C. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2021; 84:637-656. [PMID: 34965046 DOI: 10.51821/84.4.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, resulting in major global public health concerns. The HCV infection is unevenly distributed worldwide, with variations in prevalence across and within countries. The studies on molecular epidemiology conducted in several countries provide an essential supplement for a comprehensive knowledge of HCV epidemiology, genotypes, and subtypes, along with providing information on the impact of current and earlier migratory flows. HCV is phylogenetically classified into 8 major genotypes and 57 subtypes. HCV genotype and subtype distribution differ according to geographic origin and transmission risk category. Unless people with HCV infection are detected and treated appropriately, the number of deaths due to the disease will continue to increase. In 2015, 1.75 million new viral infections were mostly due to unsafe healthcare procedures and drug use injections. In the same year, access to direct-acting antivirals was challenging and varied in developing and developed countries, affecting HCV cure rates based on their availability. The World Health Assembly, in 2016, approved a global strategy to achieve the elimination of the HCV public health threat by 2030 (by reducing new infections by 90% and deaths by 65%). Globally, countries are implementing policies and measures to eliminate HCV risk based on their distribution of genotypes and prevalence.
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Lairón-Peris M, Pérez-Través L, Muñiz-Calvo S, Guillamón JM, Heras JM, Barrio E, Querol A. Differential Contribution of the Parental Genomes to a S. cerevisiae × S. uvarum Hybrid, Inferred by Phenomic, Genomic, and Transcriptomic Analyses, at Different Industrial Stress Conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:129. [PMID: 32195231 PMCID: PMC7062649 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In European regions of cold climate, S. uvarum can replace S. cerevisiae in wine fermentations performed at low temperatures. S. uvarum is a cryotolerant yeast that produces more glycerol, less acetic acid and exhibits a better aroma profile. However, this species exhibits a poor ethanol tolerance compared with S. cerevisiae. In the present study, we obtained by rare mating (non-GMO strategy), and a subsequent sporulation, an interspecific S. cerevisiae × S. uvarum spore-derivative hybrid that improves or maintains a combination of parental traits of interest for the wine industry, such as good fermentation performance, increased ethanol tolerance, and high glycerol and aroma productions. Genomic sequencing analysis showed that the artificial spore-derivative hybrid is an allotriploid, which is very common among natural hybrids. Its genome contains one genome copy from the S. uvarum parental genome and two heterozygous copies of the S. cerevisiae parental genome, with the exception of a monosomic S. cerevisiae chromosome III, where the sex-determining MAT locus is located. This genome constitution supports that the original hybrid from which the spore was obtained likely originated by a rare-mating event between a mating-competent S. cerevisiae diploid cell and either a diploid or a haploid S. uvarum cell of the opposite mating type. Moreover, a comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals that each spore-derivative hybrid subgenome is regulating different processes during the fermentation, in which each parental species has demonstrated to be more efficient. Therefore, interactions between the two subgenomes in the spore-derivative hybrid improve those differential species-specific adaptations to the wine fermentation environments, already present in the parental species.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lairón-Peris
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Través
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Muñiz-Calvo
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Guillamón
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Eladio Barrio
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Valencia, Spain.,Departament de Genètica, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Querol
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
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Noah Pinheiro YA. Associations between female genital mutilation/cutting and HIV: a review of the evidence. AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2019; 18:181-191. [PMID: 31502923 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2019.1637913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apart from its known association with short- and long-term adverse physical, psychological, and sexual sequelae, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) could be associated with increased susceptibility to HIV. Some experts propose that FGM/C increases risk of genital trauma and bleeding. Given the known protective effect for men of male circumcision against HIV and that, in some communities, male circumcision and FGM/C are thought of as "equivalent" or parallel procedures, there is an obvious need to more accurately determine the effects of FGM/C on HIV infection risk in women. This article reviewed current evidence of associations between FGM/C and HIV, drawing on evidence from peer-reviewed as well as grey literature. All studies evaluated were observational. This review investigated associations between FGM/C and HIV, not a causal relationship, and observational studies therefore sufficed. The final review included 14 studies from several African countries. The strength of the evidence overall was determined to be of low to moderate quality by Department for International Development criteria: conceptual framing, openness and transparency, cogency, appropriateness and rigour, validity, reliability, and cultural sensitivity. Findings were inconsistent: four studies found no association between FGM/C and HIV, six found a negative association, two found a positive association, and two found an indirect association. Many of the studies had significant deficiencies including insufficient statistical power, inadequate adjustment for potential confounders, and measurement of FGM/C status by self-reporting alone. The available evidence did not conclusively demonstrate the anticipated association between FGM/C and HIV. This review revealed the need for stronger study designs and outlines some considerations for future research.
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Assih M, Ouattara AK, Diarra B, Yonli AT, Compaore TR, Obiri-Yeboah D, Djigma FW, Karou S, Simpore J. Genetic diversity of hepatitis viruses in West-African countries from 1996 to 2018. World J Hepatol 2018; 10:807-821. [PMID: 30533182 PMCID: PMC6280160 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i11.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of hepatic pathology and the response to treatment depend on the hepatitis virus genotype in the infected host. The objective of this review was to determine the distribution of hepatitis virus genotypes in West African countries. A systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct was performed to identify 52 relevant articles reporting hepatitis A, B, C, D, E and G viruses genotypes. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype E with a prevalence of 90.6% (95%CI: 0.891-0.920) found in this review, is characterized by low genetic diversity. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1 and 2 represented 96.4% of HCV infections in West African countries, while hepatitis delta virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis G virus genotypes 1 and HEV genotype 3 were reported in some studies in Ghana and Nigeria. HBV genotype E is characterized by high prevalence, low genetic diversity and wide geographical distribution. Further studies on the clinical implications of HBV genotype E and HCV genotypes 1 and 2 are needed for the development of an effective treatment against this viral hepatitis in West African countries. Surveillance of the distribution of different genotypes is also needed to reduce recombination rates and prevent the emergence of more virulent viral strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maléki Assih
- Biochemistry-Microbiology, CERBA/LABIOGENE, Ouagadougou 02006, Burkina Faso
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics (LABIOGENE) UFR/SVT, University Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 00226, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul Karim Ouattara
- Biochemistry-Microbiology, CERBA/LABIOGENE, Ouagadougou 02006, Burkina Faso
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics (LABIOGENE) UFR/SVT, University Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 00226, Burkina Faso
| | - Birama Diarra
- Biochemistry-Microbiology, CERBA/LABIOGENE, Ouagadougou 02006, Burkina Faso
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics (LABIOGENE) UFR/SVT, University Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 00226, Burkina Faso
| | - Albert Theophane Yonli
- Biochemistry-Microbiology, CERBA/LABIOGENE, Ouagadougou 02006, Burkina Faso
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics (LABIOGENE) UFR/SVT, University Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 00226, Burkina Faso
| | - Tegwindé Rebeca Compaore
- Biochemistry-Microbiology, CERBA/LABIOGENE, Ouagadougou 02006, Burkina Faso
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics (LABIOGENE) UFR/SVT, University Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 00226, Burkina Faso
| | - Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast 00233, Ghana
| | - Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma
- Biochemistry-Microbiology, CERBA/LABIOGENE, Ouagadougou 02006, Burkina Faso
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics (LABIOGENE) UFR/SVT, University Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 00226, Burkina Faso
| | - Simplice Karou
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Universite de Lome, Lome 00229, Togo
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Biochemistry-Microbiology, CERBA/LABIOGENE, Ouagadougou 02006, Burkina Faso
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics (LABIOGENE) UFR/SVT, University Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 00226, Burkina Faso
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Umutesi J, Simmons B, Makuza JD, Dushimiyimana D, Mbituyumuremyi A, Uwimana JM, Ford N, Mills EJ, Nsanzimana S. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection in persons living with HIV enrolled in care in Rwanda. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:315. [PMID: 28464899 PMCID: PMC5414306 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) are important causes of morbidity and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The burden of these co-infections in sub-Saharan Africa is still unclear. We estimated the prevalence of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (HCVAb) among HIV-infected individuals in Rwanda and identified factors associated with infection. Methods Between January 2016 and June 2016, we performed systematic screening for HBsAg and HCVAb among HIV-positive individuals enrolled at public and private HIV facilities across Rwanda. Results were analyzed to determine marker prevalence and variability by demographic factors. Results Overall, among 117,258 individuals tested, the prevalence of HBsAg and HCVAb was 4.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] (4.2–4.4) and 4.6% (95% CI 4.5–4.7) respectively; 182 (0.2%) HIV+ individuals were co-infected with HBsAg and HCVAb. Prevalence was higher in males (HBsAg, 5.4% [5.1–5.6] vs. 3.7% [3.5–3.8]; HCVAb, 5.0% [4.8–5.2] vs. 4.4% [4.3–4.6]) and increased with age; HCVAb prevalence was significantly higher in people aged ≥65 years (17.8% [16.4–19.2]). Prevalence varied geographically. Conclusion HBV and HCV co-infections are common among HIV-infected individuals in Rwanda. It is important that viral hepatitis prevention and treatment activities are scaled-up to control further transmission and reduce the burden in this population. Particular efforts should be made to conduct targeted screening of males and the older population. Further assessment is required to determine rates of HBV and HCV chronicity among HIV-infected individuals and identify effective strategies to link individuals to care and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Umutesi
- HIV/AIDS & STIs Diseases Division, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Jean D Makuza
- HIV/AIDS & STIs Diseases Division, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | - Jean Marie Uwimana
- HIV/AIDS & STIs Diseases Division, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Nathan Ford
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Sabin Nsanzimana
- HIV/AIDS & STIs Diseases Division, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. .,Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Wu SZ, Wei JL, Xu B, Wei PH, Yang Y, Qin B, Xie ZC. Detection and analysis of hepatitis C virus in HIV-infected patients in the Guangxi province of China. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:917-923. [PMID: 28450920 PMCID: PMC5403232 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals and to study the infection status of HCV RNA in HIV-infected individuals who did not have anti-HCV antibodies in the Guangxi province of China, in order to provide basis for screening and clinical treatment of hepatitis C in future. Data were collected from patients recruited via a questionnaire. Between August 2008 and January 2009, 300 HIV-infected individuals were randomly selected from various HIV monitoring points in Liuzhou and Qinzhou (Guangxi, China). In addition, 41 patients with only hepatitis C were recruited from a hospital clinic (First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China). HCV antibodies in patient serum samples were detected by ELISA. HCV RNA expression was detected using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HCV RNA levels in the serum were evaluated using quantitative fluorescence PCR, and HCV genotypes were confirmed using restriction fragment length polymorphism. The infection rate of HCV in the HIV-infected people was 48.67%. The anti-HCV positive rate differed between routes of disease transmission: Anti-HCV positive rate was 63.7% among drug users, 34.96% among sex-transmitted persons and 1.37% among other persons. In the anti-HCV-negative group, the HCV RNA-positive rate was 26.62%. In the anti-HCV-positive group, HCV RNA positive rate was 78.08%. HCV RNA level of HIV/HCV coinfected patients was higher than those infected with HCV alone, and there was no difference of anti-HCV-positive rate among different levels of HCV RNA. HCV genotypes of HIV/HCV coinfected persons showed diversity across Guangxi, and the predominant ones were the 1b and mixed subtypes. The predominant HCV genotypes were 6a, mixed subtypes and 3b amongst patients that contracted HCV via drug use-related routes of transmission. The patients with HCV transmission routes other than drug-related routes possessed 1b and 1a+1b genotypes. In conclusion, there was a large proportion of HIV infected persons with mixed HCV infection in the Guangxi province of China. The present results show that 26.62% of HCV-infected persons will be fail to be diagnosed with hepatitis C virus coinfection if we simply use ELISA to detect HCV antibody. The predominant HCV genotypes were 1b, mixed, 6a and 3b in HIV/HCV coinfected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Zhi Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lu Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Hai Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Bin Qin
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Chun Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus and genotype distribution in immigrants crossing to Europe from North and sub-Saharan Africa. Travel Med Infect Dis 2016; 14:517-526. [PMID: 27502972 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and immigration is rarely studied, particularly for the immigrants crossing to the resettlement countries. Most of the published data are confined to those immigrants who were resident in European countries and rarely immigrated before they reach the final destination. Libya is a large country in North Africa with the longest coast of the Mediterranean Sea facing the European Union. It has been considered as the main transient station for African immigrants to Europe. The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the prevalence of HCV in African immigrants gathered in Libya from different African countries on their way to Europe and (2) HCV genotype distribution in these immigrants and its correlation with different demographic factors. METHODS A total of 14 205 serum samples were collected in a 3-year period (2013-2015) from different immigrants from North and sub-Saharan Africa who resided in the African immigrant campus, Tripoli, Libya. The participants were interviewed, and relevant information was collected, including socio-demographic, ethnic, and geographic variables. Each serum sample was tested for anti-HCV antibody using ELISA. The genotypes were determined and assigned using a specific genotyping assay and correlated with demographic and potential risk factors of the recruited individuals. RESULTS Of the immigrants studied, 1078 (7.6%) were positive for HCV. The prevalence of HCV infection ranged from 1.4% to 18.7%; it was higher among individuals arriving from Nile river (3.6-18.7%) of North Africa, followed by those who arrived from the West African region (2.1-14.1%), Horn of Africa (HOA, 6.8-9.9%), and Maghreb countries (1.4-2.7%). The relative risk factor attributable to gender variation was not significant (95% Cl: 0.8513-1.2381). Five genotypes were detected in 911 African immigrants. Genotypic analysis showed that the predominant HCV genotypes in this group were genotypes 4, 1, and 2 that accounted for 329 (36.1%), 326 (35.8%), and 131 (14.4%) strains, respectively, followed by genotype 3 that accounted for 87 (9.5%) strains. Genotype 5 was isolated mainly from 18 HOA (2%) and 20 West African (2.2%) individuals. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HCV is considered high with a unique disparate distribution among African immigrants crossing to Europe. This indicated that the prevalence of HCV is high among these immigrants and thus may be reflected on the HCV prevalence in the guest countries. The broad genetic heterogeneity of HCV genotypes detected here may impact the efficacy of prevention and control efforts for HCV in both Europe and North and sub-Saharan Africa; hence, an integrated global policy of actions is needed.
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Freitas SZ, Teles SA, Lorenzo PC, Puga MAM, Tanaka TSO, Thomaz DY, Martins RMB, Druzian AF, Lindenberg ASC, Torres MS, Pereira SA, Villar LM, Lampe E, Motta-Castro ARC. HIV and HCV coinfection: prevalence, associated factors and genotype characterization in the Midwest Region of Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2015; 56:517-24. [PMID: 25351547 PMCID: PMC4296873 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study on prevalence, associated factors and genotype
distribution of HCV infection was conducted among 848 HIV-infected patients
recruited at reference centers in the Midwest Region of Brazil. The prevalence
rate of HIV-HCV coinfection was 6.9% (95% CI: 5.2 to 8.6).
In multivariable analysis, increasing age, use of illicit drugs (injection
and non-injection), a history of blood transfusion before 1994, and the
absence of a steady partnership were significant independent associated factors
for HIV-HCV coinfection. The phylogenetic analysis based on the NS5B region
revealed the presence of two major circulating genotypes of HCV: genotypes 1
(58.3%) and 3 (41.7%). The prevalence of HIV-HCV
coinfection was lower than those reported in studies conducted with HIV-infected
patients in different regions of Brazil, due to the fact that illicit drug use
is not a frequent mode of HIV transmission in this region of Brazil. Serologic
screening of HIV-patients for HCV before initiating antiretroviral treatment, a
comprehensive identification of associated factors, and the implementation of
effective harm reduction programs are highly recommended to provide useful
information for treatment and to prevent HCV coinfection in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marina Sawada Torres
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Hønge BL, Jespersen S, Medina C, da Silva Té D, da Silva ZJ, Lewin SR, Østergaard L, Laursen AL, Krarup H, Erikstrup C, Wejse C. Hepatitis C prevalence among HIV-infected patients in Guinea-Bissau: a descriptive cross-sectional study. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 28:35-40. [PMID: 25223805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence and determine the clinical presentation of risk factors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among HIV-infected patients in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we included individuals who had a routine blood analysis performed during the period April 28 to September 30, 2011. Patient samples were tested for HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) with a chemiluminescence test (Architect, Abbott, USA) and INNO-LIA HCV Score (Innogenetics, Belgium). HCV viral load and genotype were analyzed using an in-house real-time PCR method. RESULTS In total, 576 patients were included (417 HIV-1, 104 HIV-2, and 55 HIV-1/2). Ten (1.7%) patients were anti-HCV-positive and eight (1.4%) patients had detectable HCV RNA; all were genotype 2. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, age >50 years was associated with anti-HCV reactivity (p<0.01). No subjective symptoms or objective signs were more prevalent among patients with detectable HCV RNA compared to patients without detectable HCV RNA. Biochemically, detectable HCV RNA was associated with elevated amylase (83.3% vs. 38.6%, p=0.03), but not with the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of anti-HCV was low and comparable to similar settings, and genotype analysis confirmed the presence of genotype 2 in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Langhoff Hønge
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Sanne Jespersen
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Candida Medina
- National HIV Programme, Ministry of Health, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | | | - Zacarias José da Silva
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; National Public Health Laboratory, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alex Lund Laursen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Krarup
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Wejse
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; GloHAU, Centre for Global Health, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
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The Association of Female Circumcision With HIV Status and Sexual Behavior in Mali. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 65:597-602. [DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cainelli F. Hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus transmission routes: Differences and similarities. World J Hepatol 2013; 5:234-236. [PMID: 23717734 PMCID: PMC3664281 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v5.i5.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bouare et al found that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Malian women is mainly transmitted through medical procedures with contaminated supplies, and that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is predominantly sexual. The results of this study confirm those of a recent case-control study in New York and Oregon which demonstrated that healthcare exposures represent an important source of new HCV infections in United States. HCV seroprevalence was only 0.2% in pregnant, young Malian women, indicating that hygiene improved in healthcare facilities over time. Heterosexual transmission of HCV is exceptional, and can occur, from males to females, in extremely rare occasions in case of vaginal mucosal damage or less rarely through anal intercourse. The Malian study did not show an association between HIV infection and hospitalization, transfusion, tattoo, dental care. Transmission by needle-stick injury occurs in 0.9%-2.2% of exposures from HCV-infected subjects and in 0.1%-0.3% of exposures from HIV-infected individuals. HCV is therefore more transmissible through percutaneous exposure.
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