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Ha TV, Vo TTN, Dang DKH, Tran YML, Kim TV, Le DH, Do LAT, Tang HK. The seroprevalence of toxocariasis and related risk factors in children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: results from a school-based cross-sectional study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024; 118:384-390. [PMID: 38261661 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are especially vulnerable to Toxocara infection and its severe complications; however, there have not been any published data on the disease prevalence and treatment effectiveness in the population of Vietnamese children. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of toxocariasis and explore factors associated with Toxocara infection in children aged 3-15 y in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using a multistage cluster sampling approach in public schools. Blood samples were collected, and toxocariasis cases were confirmed, based on a history of contact with dogs/cats and positive anti-Toxocara antibody detection via ELISA. We calculated the percentage of seropositive children across gender, grade levels, districts and caregiver education. Multiple regression models were employed to identify potential risk factors. RESULTS Anti-Toxocara antibodies were found in 14.2% of the 986 children studied. Significant variations in seropositivity were observed across grade levels, districts and caregiver education levels. Multivariable analysis identified caregiver education, contact with dogs/cats and improper handling of pet feces as seropositivity risk factors. CONCLUSION This was the first community-based prevalence study of toxocariasis in a pediatric population in Vietnam. Implementation of preventive measures such as public education, routine fecal examinations and chemotherapeutic treatment of animals is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thieu V Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital 2, 14 Ly Tu Trong Str., Dist. 1, 71000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tien T N Vo
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duy K H Dang
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Y M L Tran
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh V Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duc H Le
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lan-Anh T Do
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hong K Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Almeida KC, Pinto-Ferreira F, Navarro IT, Souza KL, Balbino LS, Bernardes JC, Bahia Dos Santos DL, Falbo MK. Occurrence of zoonotic enteric parasites in fecal samples from dogs in shelters, parks, squares and public roads, and the dog guardians' perception of zoonoses as for the risk to public health in the city of Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil. Top Companion Anim Med 2024; 58:100826. [PMID: 37884174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of zoonotic enteroparasites in the feces of dogs from public shelters, squares, parks, and public roads in the city of Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil, and to evaluate the perception of dog guardians regarding zoonoses and their risk to public health. Fecal samples were collected, coproparasitological examinations were performed to detect zoonotic enteroparasites, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. Questionnaires were given to guardians who walked their dogs in parks, squares, and public roads, as to assess their perception of zoonoses. A total of 333 samples were collected, of these 75, 123, and 135 of them were from public shelters, squares and parks, and public roads, respectively. One or more parasites were identified in 166 (50 %) samples, of which 58/75 (77 %) were from public shelters, 50/123 (41 %) from squares and parks, and 58/135 (43 %) from public roads. The parasites detected included Ancylostoma spp., Giardia spp., Trichuris spp., Toxocara spp., and Cystoisospora spp., with Ancylostoma spp. having the highest occurrence. PCR was performed on 161 samples for convenience due to financial limitations, because only a portion of the study was funded by the municipal government, of which 15.6 % were positive for Giardia spp., and all were negative for Cryptosporidium spp. In total, 246 guardians were interviewed, of which 36 % said they did not collect their animals' feces during walks, 20 % did not use anti-helminthics on their dogs, and 23 % did not know which diseases could be transmitted by feces. Therefore, we conclude that there is a high infection rate of parasites with zoonotic potential in public places, showing the need to raise awareness among guardians about the diseases transmitted by dog feces, correct vermifugation and the importance of collecting feces in public places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Cristine Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Centro-Oeste, R: Alameda Élio Antônio Dalla Vecchia, 838, Guarapuava CEP 85040-167, Paraná, Brazil..
| | - Fernanda Pinto-Ferreira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine - State University of Londrina (UEL), R: Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Londrina, CEP 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Italmar Teodorico Navarro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine - State University of Londrina (UEL), R: Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Londrina, CEP 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Kamila Libano Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Centro-Oeste, R: Alameda Élio Antônio Dalla Vecchia, 838, Guarapuava CEP 85040-167, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leticia Santos Balbino
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine - State University of Londrina (UEL), R: Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Londrina, CEP 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Correa Bernardes
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine - State University of Londrina (UEL), R: Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Londrina, CEP 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Danielle Louisy Bahia Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Centro-Oeste, R: Alameda Élio Antônio Dalla Vecchia, 838, Guarapuava CEP 85040-167, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Margarete Kimie Falbo
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Centro-Oeste, R: Alameda Élio Antônio Dalla Vecchia, 838, Guarapuava CEP 85040-167, Paraná, Brazil
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Ulloque-Badaracco JR, Hernandez-Bustamante EA, Alarcón-Braga EA, Huayta-Cortez M, Carballo-Tello XL, Seminario-Amez RA, Rodríguez-Torres A, Casas-Patiño D, Herrera-Añazco P, Benites-Zapata VA. Seroprevalence of human toxocariasis in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1181230. [PMID: 37441649 PMCID: PMC10335805 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1181230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The current study aimed to quantitatively synthesize available evidence regarding the seroprevalence of human toxocariasis in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods A systematic research involving six electronic databases was conducted using a research strategy that combined MeSH terms with free terms. Article selection and information extraction were performed using a double and independent approach. The Newcastle-Ottawa tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the included articles. The meta-analysis used the random-effects approach, with subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis for risk of bias also being performed. Results We included 101 articles with a total of 31,123 participants. The studies were conducted between 1990 and 2022, with Brazil accounting for the largest number of studies (n = 37). The overall seroprevalence of human toxocariasis was 31.0% (95% CI: 27.0-35.0%, I2 = 99%). The prevalence of the main characteristics observed in seropositive patients were as follows: ocular toxocariasis (30.0%), asymptomatic (26.0%), and presence of dogs at home (68.0%). In addition, the seroprevalence was lower in studies including only adults than in those including children or both. In contrast, no differences in seroprevalences were found between studies conducted in the community and hospital. Conclusion The overall seroprevalence of human toxocariasis in Latin America and the Caribbean was high. Notably, our findings showed that the seroprevalence was increased among populations who kept a dog at home but was decreased in populations comprising only adults. Our findings can be used to establish epidemiological surveillance strategies for the prevention and early identification of toxocariasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique A. Hernandez-Bustamante
- Sociedad Cientifica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru
- Grupo Peruano de Investigación Epidemiológica, Unidad Para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | - Alejandra Rodríguez-Torres
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, CU Amecameca, Mexico
- Red Internacional en Salud Colectiva y Salud Intercultural, Amecameca, Mexico
| | - Donovan Casas-Patiño
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, CU Amecameca, Mexico
- Red Internacional en Salud Colectiva y Salud Intercultural, Amecameca, Mexico
| | - Percy Herrera-Añazco
- Universidad Privada del Norte, Trujillo, Peru
- Red Peruana de Salud Colectiva, Lima, Peru
| | - Vicente A. Benites-Zapata
- Unidad de Investigación Para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
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Abedi B, Akbari M, KhodaShenas S, Tabibzadeh A, Abedi A, Ghasemikhah R, Soheili M, Bayazidi S, Moradi Y. The global prevalence of Toxocara spp. in pediatrics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Pediatr 2021; 64:575-581. [PMID: 33561339 PMCID: PMC8566795 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2020.01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxocariasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati in humans. Various types of T. canis are important. PURPOSE The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Toxocara spp. in pediatrics in the context of a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Sciences, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health databases were searched to identify peer-reviewed studies published between January 2000 and December 2019 that report the prevalence of Toxocara spp. in pediatrics. The evaluation of articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria was performed by 2 researchers individually. RESULTS The results of 31 relevant studies indicated that the prevalence of Toxocara spp. was 3%-79% in 10,676 cases. The pooled estimate of global prevalence of Toxocara spp. in pediatrics was 30 (95% confidence interval, 22%-37%; I2=99.11%; P=0.00). The prevalence was higher in Asian populations than in European, American, and African populations. CONCLUSION Health policymakers should be more attentive to future research and approaches to Toxocara spp. and other zoonotic diseases to improve culture and identify socioeconomically important factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Abedi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Mehran Akbari
- Department of Nursing, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Sahar KhodaShenas
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Tabibzadeh
- Departments of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Abedi
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Arak, Arak, Iran
| | - Reza Ghasemikhah
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Marzieh Soheili
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Human Revivification Society of Congress 60, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shnoo Bayazidi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Chieffi PP, Zevallos Lescano SA, Rodrigues E Fonseca G, Dos Santos SV. Human Toxocariasis: 2010 to 2020 Contributions from Brazilian Researchers. Res Rep Trop Med 2021; 12:81-91. [PMID: 34040480 PMCID: PMC8141392 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s274733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a review of the published contributions made by Brazilian researchers between 2010 and 2020 on the natural history of human toxocariasis and the effects of human toxocariasis on nonhuman paratenic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Paulo Chieffi
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Santa Casa Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Rodrigues E Fonseca
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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A prospective seroepidemiological study of toxocariasis during early childhood in coastal Ecuador: potential for congenital transmission and risk factors for infection. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:95. [PMID: 33546758 PMCID: PMC7863445 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although Toxocara spp. infection has a worldwide distribution, to our knowledge, no data from birth cohorts have been reported in published studies on the potential for congenital transmission and determinants of infection in early childhood. Methods We followed 290 mother-infant pairs from birth to 5 years of age through periodic collection of data and samples at birth, 7 and 13 months and 2, 3 and 5 years of age. Data on potential risk factors and confounders were collected by maternal questionnaire. Blood for plasma was collected from the mother at time of birth and periodically from the child for detection of anti-Toxocara spp. immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using a Toxocara canis larval excretory-secretory antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Stool samples were collected from the mother around the time of birth and periodically from the child for microscopic detection of soil-transmitted helminths (STH). Associations between potential risk factors and Toxocara spp. seroprevalence and seroconversion were estimated using multivariable logistic regression and generalized estimating equations. Results Toxocara spp. seroprevalence was 80.7% in mothers and in children was 0%, 9.3%, 48.4%, 64.9%, and 80.9% at 7 months, 13 months, 2, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Risk factors significantly associated with increases in seroprevalence over the first 5 years of life in multivariable analyses were age [Odds ratio (OR) 2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–2.27, P < 0001], male sex (female vs. male: OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.48–0.89, P = 0.006), maternal ethnicity (non-Afro vs. Afro-Ecuadorian: OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.47–0.91, P = 0.011), lower maternal educational and socioeconomic level, and childhood STH (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.51–3.47, P < 0.001). Seroconversion rates for infection were greatest at 2 years of age (3.8%/month). Factors associated significantly with seroconversion at 2, 3 or 5 years were childhood STH infection, male sex, and more frequent domestic cat exposure. Conclusions Our data, from an area of high Toxocara spp. endemicity, indicate no congenital transmission but high rates of seroconversion after 13 months of age reaching maternal levels of seroprevalence by 5 years of age. Factors associated with seroprevalence and seroconversion included STH infections, domestic cats, maternal ethnicity, male sex, STH infections, and markers of greater poverty.![]()
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Fialho PMM, Correa CRS, Lescano SZ. Seroprevalence Brazil. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2020; 109:357-374. [PMID: 32381207 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of the seroprevalence of toxocariasis in Brazil and discusses how this zoonosis is studied, diagnosed, and treated in the Brazilian population. Toxocariasis in humans has a high prevalence in several regions of Brazil; however, this disease is neglected because of lack of knowledge, non-specific clinical signs, and difficult diagnosis. Most studies conducted in Brazil have estimated the prevalence of toxocariasis, i.e., the number of people who presented the disease at any given time. However, a few studies have determined disease incidence (number of new cases in a population at risk) and identified risk factors for Toxocara canis infection. Despite the high seroprevalence, the Brazilian population is not well aware of toxocariasis. Thus, the need of the hour is to raise awareness about this parasitic infection because of its worldwide distribution and potential health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mayara Matos Fialho
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | | | - Susana Zevallos Lescano
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo-FMUSP, Laboratório de Imunopatologia da Esquistossomose, São Paulo, Brazil
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Toxocara Infection in Asthmatic Children: A Case-Control Study in Karaj District, Iran. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.82370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Shokouhi S, Abdi J. Seroprevalence of Toxocara in Children from Urban and Rural Areas of Ilam Province, West Iran. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018; 9:101-104. [PMID: 30023153 PMCID: PMC6037396 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.3.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study was performed to determine the seroprevalence of Toxocara in children ≤ 10 years old, from rural and urban areas of Ilam. Methods Serum samples from 383 children ≤ 10 years old, were selected randomly from rural and urban areas of Ilam province and surveyed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results The total rate of infection with Toxocara was 22% (31% with a history of contact with dogs and cats, and 14% without a history of contact). Of those infected, 23% were male and 18% were female, 36% lived a rural life and 20% had an urban life. A significant correlation was found between the incidence of disease, and urban and rural life, as well as exposure to dogs and cats. There was no correlation between prevalence and gender or age. Conclusion Given the high prevalence of infection with Toxocara amongst children in Ilam province, preventive work in the community such as education in risk management and periodic treatment with anti-parasitic drugs and elimination of stray dogs and cats is an appropriate measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Shokouhi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Jahangir Abdi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ilam university of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Araújo AC, Villela MM, Sena-Lopes Â, Farias NADR, Faria LMJD, Avila LFDC, Berne MEA, Borsuk S. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis in a human rural population of Southern Rio Grande do Sul. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e28. [PMID: 29972461 PMCID: PMC6029849 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the growing population of pets, especially homeless dogs and cats, zoonoses still represent a significant public health problem. Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. are epidemiologically important zoonotic agents as they are etiological factors of human toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis, respectively. These parasites remain neglected even though they are substantially prevalent in rural areas. The aim of this study was to investigate T. gondii and T. canis seroprevalence and risk factors of seropositivity in a rural population in Pelotas municipality, Brazil. The study participants (n=344) were patients of a Basic Healthcare Unit (BHU) located in Cerrito Alegre. Blood samples were collected and tested for T. gondii antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and T. canis antibodies by an indirect ELISA that targets an excreted-secreted antigen (TES). T. gondii seropositivity was 53.2%, with higher titers (1:256 - 1:1,024) in individuals who habitually eat pork, beef, or chicken, while T. canis seropositivity was 71.8% and concomitant T. gondii and T. canis seropositivity was 38.3%. Among the seropositivity risk factors assessed, only habitual undercooked meat consumption was significant (p = 0.046; OR = 3.7) for T. gondii and none of them were associated with T. canis seropositivity. Both parasites have a high prevalence in rural areas, which reinforces the need to invest in rural community education and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelita Campos Araújo
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Marreiro Villela
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ângela Sena-Lopes
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nara Amélia da Rosa Farias
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Laura Maria Jorge de Faria
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Farias da Costa Avila
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabeth Aires Berne
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Guimarães AS, Mantovani SAS, Oliart-Guzmán H, Martins AC, Filgueira-Júnior JA, Santos AP, Braña AM, Branco FLCC, Pereira TM, Delfino BM, Ramalho AA, Oliveira CSM, Araújo TS, de Lara Estrada CHM, Arróspide N, Muniz PT, Codeço CT, da Silva-Nunes M. Prenatal care and childbirth assistance in Amazonian women before and after the Pacific Highway Construction (2003-2011): a cross-sectional study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2016; 16:37. [PMID: 27412559 PMCID: PMC4944242 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-016-0316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Attention to prenatal care and child delivery is important for the health of women and children, but in the Amazon these indicators tend to be historically unfavorable, in part by geographical and political isolation. In 2003 both Brazilian and Peru governments have finished paving an international road connecting remotes areas in the Brazilian Amazon to the Pacific coast in Peru. Methods The situation of prenatal care and child delivery with mothers of children under 5 years old living in the urban area of Assis Brasil, Acre was assessed in two cross-sectional studies performed in 2003 and 2011, corresponding to the period before and after the Pacific highway construction. Results In 2003, most mothers were of black/Afro-American ethnicity, or “pardos” (the offspring of a Caucasian with a African descendant) (77.69 %), had more than 4 years of schooling (73.40 %) and had a mean age of 22.18 years. In 2011, the number of as a migration of indigenous women increased from 0 to 14.40 % of the respondents, because of migration from communities along the rivers to urban areas, with no other significant changes in maternal characteristics. No significant improvement in childbirth assistance was noticed between 1997 and 2011; only the percentage of in-hospital vaginal deliveries performed by doctors increased from 17.89 to 66.26 % (p <0.001) during this period. Access to prenatal care was associated with white ethnicity in 2003, and higher socioeconomic level and white ethnicity in 2011, while the higher number of prenatal visits was associated with higher maternal education and higher socioeconomic levels in 2011. Vaginal child delivery at a hospital facility was associated with maternal age in 2003, and year of birth, being of white ethnicity and higher level of education in 2011. Conclusions The indicators of prenatal care and child delivery were below the national average, showing that geographical isolation still affects women’s health care in the Amazon, despite the construction of the highway and governmental health protocols adopted during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia S Guimarães
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Saulo A S Mantovani
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Humberto Oliart-Guzmán
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Martins
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - José Alcântara Filgueira-Júnior
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santos
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Athos Muniz Braña
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luís Cunha Castelo Branco
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Thasciany Moraes Pereira
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Breno Matos Delfino
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Alanderson A Ramalho
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Cristieli S M Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Araújo
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | | | - Nancy Arróspide
- Instituto Nacional de Salud, Cápac Yupanqui, Jesus María, Lima 11, 1400, Peru
| | - Pascoal T Muniz
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Cláudia T Codeço
- Programa de Computação Cientifica, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mônica da Silva-Nunes
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
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Fialho PMM, Corrêa CRS. A Systematic Review of Toxocariasis: A Neglected But High-Prevalence Disease in Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 94:1193-9. [PMID: 26834201 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxocariasis is an anthropozoonosis that occurs in all parts of the world. In particular, this disease can often be found in developing countries and in regions, where basic sanitation conditions are poor. However, industrialized countries have reported seroprevalence rates as high as 14.2% in humans. The definitive hosts of the disease are dogs and cats, whereas humans are a paratenic host. To determine the burden of toxocariasis in Brazil, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to conduct a systematic review of the literature. Using keywords and applying the established criteria, we identified 160 publications and selected 22 articles for further analysis. The seroprevalence of toxocariasis in various regions of the country ranged from 4.2% to 65.4%. The highest prevalence was found in the northeast region, although the majority of the studies identified were from the southeast region. The findings suggest the importance of raising awareness among health professionals and public authorities about the fact that toxocariasis is a health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mayara Matos Fialho
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Silveira Corrêa
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Mantovani SAS, Delfino BM, Martins AC, Oliart-Guzmán H, Pereira TM, Branco FLCC, Braña AM, Filgueira-Júnior JA, Santos AP, Arruda RA, Guimarães AS, Ramalho AA, Oliveira CSDM, Araújo TS, Arróspide N, Estrada CHML, Codeço CT, da Silva-Nunes M. Socioeconomic inequities and hepatitis A virus infection in Western Brazilian Amazonian children: spatial distribution and associated factors. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:428. [PMID: 26471064 PMCID: PMC4608050 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis A is still a neglected health problem in the world. The most affected areas are the ones with disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions. In Brazil, seroprevalence studies showed that 64.7 % of the general population has antibodies against HAV (hepatitis A virus), and the Amazon region has the highest seroprevalence in the country. METHODS In the present study the seroprevalence of total HAV antibodies in children between 1 and 5 years old residing in the urban area of Assis Brasil, Acre was measured and spatial distribution of several socioeconomic inequities was evaluated. RESULTS In the year of 2011, seroprevalence rate was 16.66 %. Factors associated with having a positive serology identified by multivariate analysis were being of indigenous ethnicity [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 3.27, CI 1.45-7.28], usage of water from the public system (aOR = 8.18, CI 1.07-62.53), living in a house not located in a street (aOR = 3.48, CI 1.54-7.87), and child age over 4 years old (aOR = 2.43, CI 1.23-4.79). The distribution of seropositive children was clustered in the eastern part of the city, where several socioeconomic inequities (lack of flushed toilets, lack of piped water inside the household and susceptibility of the household to flooding during rain, low maternal education, having wood or ground floor at home, and not owning a house, lack of piped water at home, and type of drinking water) also clustered. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight that sanitation and water treatment still need improvement in the Brazilian Amazon, and that socioeconomic development is warranted in order to decrease this and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo A S Mantovani
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
| | - Breno Matos Delfino
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
| | - Antonio C Martins
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
| | - Humberto Oliart-Guzmán
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
| | - Thasciany M Pereira
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
| | - Fernando L C C Branco
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
| | - Athos Muniz Braña
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
| | - José A Filgueira-Júnior
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
| | - Ana P Santos
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
| | - Rayanne A Arruda
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
| | - Andréia S Guimarães
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
| | - Alanderson A Ramalho
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
| | - Cristieli Sergio de Menezes Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
| | - Thiago S Araújo
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
| | - Nancy Arróspide
- Instituto Nacional de Salud, Cápac Yupanqui 1400 - Jesus María, Lima, 11, Peru.
| | - Carlos H M L Estrada
- Dirección Regional de Salud de Madre de Dios, Av. Ernesto Rivero N° 475, Puerto Maldonado, Peru.
| | - Cláudia T Codeço
- Scientific Computing Program, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Mônica da Silva-Nunes
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Bairro Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
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Abstract
• On the basis of research evidence, worm infections are important global child health conditions causing chronic disability that lasts from childhood into adulthood (Table 1). (2)(3) Evidence Quality: B • On the basis of research evidence, the major worm infections found in developing countries include ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm infection, and schistosomiasis; toxocariasis, enterobiasis, and cysticercosis are also found in poor regions of North America and Europe. (4)(9)(13) Evidence Quality: B • On the basis of expert consensus, children and adolescents are often vulnerable to acquiring large numbers of worms, ie, high-intensity infections (Fig 1)(21)(22)(23) Evidence Quality: D • On the basis of expert consensus and research evidence, moderate and heavy worm burdens cause increased morbidity because of growth and intellectual stunting in children and adolescents. Many of these effects may result from helminth-induced malnutrition. (21)(22)(23) Evidence Quality: C • On the basis of expert consensus and research evidence, worm infections are also commonly associated with eosinophilia. (48) (49) Evidence Quality: B • On the basis of research evidence as well as consensus, helminthes can cause inflammation in the lung (asthma), gastrointestinal tract (enteritis and colitis), liver (hepatitis and fibrosis), and urogenital tract. (7)(21)(22)(23)(27)(28)(40)(41)(43) Evidence Quality: B • On the basis of research evidence, microscopy techniques for diagnosis of worm infections in children often exhibit suboptimal sensitivities and specificities, necessitating new or improved diagnostic modalities such as polymerase chain reaction. (54)(55) Evidence Quality: A • On the basis of research evidence and expert consensus, mass drug administration (“preventive chemotherapy”) has becomea standard practice for ministries of health in low- and middle-income countries to control intestinal helminth infections and schistosomiasis. (67)(68) Evidence Quality: B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Weatherhead
- Department of Pediatrics (Sections of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine), National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX
| | - Peter J Hotez
- Department of Pediatrics (Sections of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine), National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E. Weatherhead
- Department of Pediatrics (Sections of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine), National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- Department of Pediatrics (Sections of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine), National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX
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Cong W, Zhang XX, Zhou N, Yu CZ, Chen J, Wang XY, Li B, Qian AD, Zhu XQ. Toxocara seroprevalence among clinically healthy individuals, pregnant women and psychiatric patients and associated risk factors in Shandong Province, Eastern China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3082. [PMID: 25101756 PMCID: PMC4125144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxocarosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by the ascarid nematodes Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, which primarily infect dogs and cats, respectively. Most human infections with Toxocara are asymptomatic; however, some infected individuals may develop a serious illness and even death. Nevertheless, epidemiological knowledge regarding the prevalence and risks associated with Toxocara infection is limited in China. Therefore, we performed a cross-sectional pilot study and estimated the seroprevalence of Toxocara infection in humans in Shandong Province, eastern China for the first time, from June 2011 to July 2013, involving clinically healthy individuals, pregnant women and psychiatric patients, aiming to attract public attention to Toxocara infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS Seroprevalence of Toxocara was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a cross-sectional study conducted in Qingdao and Weihai, Shandong Province, eastern China. Factors potentially associated with Toxocara infection were identified by logistic regression analysis. The overall Toxocara seroprevalence among the study population (n = 2866) was 12.25%, and a significantly higher seroprevalence in psychiatric patients (16.40%, 73/445) than that in clinically healthy individuals (13.07%, 187/1431) and pregnant women (9.19%, 91/990) was revealed. Univariate analyses suggested that keeping dogs at home (OR = 0.06, 95% CI 0.05-0.08, P<0.001), contact with cats and dogs (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.33-0.53, P<0.001) and exposure with soil (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.28-0.49, P<0.001) were risk factors associated with Toxocara infection. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The present study revealed, for the first time, that human infection with Toxocara is common in eastern China, posing a significant public health concern. Increasing human and dog populations, population movements and climate change all will serve to increase the importance of this zoonosis. Further studies under controlled conditions are necessary to define potential morbidity associated with Toxocara infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People′s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People′s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People′s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People′s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People′s Republic of China
| | - Chang-Zheng Yu
- Weihai Wendeng Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong Province, People′s Republic of China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People′s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Wendeng Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong Province, People′s Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Wendeng People's Hospital, Weihai, Shandong Province, People′s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Dong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People′s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People′s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People′s Republic of China
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