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Roose S, Vande Velde F, Vlaminck J, Geldhof P, Levecke B. Serological diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth (Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm) infections: A scoping review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012049. [PMID: 38574166 PMCID: PMC10994556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of integrated monitoring and evaluation in neglected tropical disease (NTD) control programs. Serological assays offer a potential solution for integrated diagnosis of NTDs, particularly for those requiring mass drug administration (MDA) as primary control and elimination strategy. This scoping review aims (i) to provide an overview of assays using serum or plasma to detect infections with soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) in both humans and animals, (ii) to examine the methodologies used in this research field and (iii) to discuss advancements in serological diagnosis of STHs to guide prevention and control programs in veterinary and human medicine. METHODOLOGY We conducted a systematic search in the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases, supplemented by a Google search using predefined keywords to identify commercially available serological assays. Additionally, we performed a patent search through Espacenet. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We identified 85 relevant literature records spanning over 50 years, with a notable increased interest in serological assay development in recent years. Most of the research efforts concentrated on diagnosing Ascaris infections in both humans and pigs, primarily using ELISA and western blot technologies. Almost all records targeted antibodies as analytes, employing proteins and peptides as analyte detection agents. Approximately 60% of sample sets described pertained to human samples. No commercially available tests for Trichuris or hookworms were identified, while for Ascaris, there are at least seven different ELISAs on the market. CONCLUSIONS While a substantial number of assays are employed in epidemiological research, the current state of serological diagnosis for guiding STH prevention and control programs is limited. Only two assays designed for pigs are used to inform efficient deworming practices in pig populations. Regarding human diagnosis, none of the existing assays has undergone extensive large-scale validation or integration into routine diagnostics for MDA programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Roose
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Fiona Vande Velde
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Johnny Vlaminck
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bruno Levecke
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Benedicto-Matambo P, Avolio LN, Badji H, Batool R, Khanam F, Munga S, Tapia MD, Peñataro Yori P, Awuor AO, Ceesay BE, Cornick J, Cunliffe NA, Garcia Bardales PF, Heaney CD, Hotwani A, Ireen M, Taufiqul Islam M, Jallow O, Kaminski RW, Shapiama Lopez WV, Maiden V, Ikumapayi UN, Nyirenda R, Ochieng JB, Omore R, Paredes Olortegui M, Pavlinac PB, Pisanic N, Qadri F, Qureshi S, Rahman N, Rogawski McQuade ET, Schiaffino F, Secka O, Sonye C, Sultana S, Timite D, Traore A, Yousafzai MT, Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan M, Jahangir Hossain M, Jere KC, Kosek MN, Kotloff KL, Qamar FN, Sow SO, Platts-Mills JA. Exploring Natural Immune Responses to Shigella Exposure Using Multiplex Bead Assays on Dried Blood Spots in High-Burden Countries: Protocol From a Multisite Diarrhea Surveillance Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:S58-S64. [PMID: 38532958 PMCID: PMC10962721 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular diagnostics on human fecal samples have identified a larger burden of shigellosis than previously appreciated by culture. Evidence of fold changes in immunoglobulin G (IgG) to conserved and type-specific Shigella antigens could be used to validate the molecular assignment of type-specific Shigella as the etiology of acute diarrhea and support polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based microbiologic end points for vaccine trials. Methods We will test dried blood spots collected at enrollment and 4 weeks later using bead-based immunoassays for IgG to invasion plasmid antigen B and type-specific lipopolysaccharide O-antigen for Shigella flexneri 1b, 2a, 3a, and 6 and Shigella sonnei in Shigella-positive cases and age-, site-, and season-matched test-negative controls from all sites in the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study. Fold antibody responses will be compared between culture-positive, culture-negative but PCR-attributable, and PCR-positive but not attributable cases and test-negative controls. Age- and site-specific seroprevalence distributions will be identified, and the association between baseline antibodies and Shigella attribution will be estimated. Conclusions The integration of these assays into the EFGH study will help support PCR-based attribution of acute diarrhea to type-specific Shigella, describe the baseline seroprevalence of conserved and type-specific Shigella antibodies, and support correlates of protection for immunity to Shigella diarrhea. These insights can help support the development and evaluation of Shigella vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Benedicto-Matambo
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Health Professions, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lindsay N Avolio
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Henry Badji
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Rabab Batool
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farhana Khanam
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stephen Munga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Milagritos D Tapia
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pablo Peñataro Yori
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alex O Awuor
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Bubacarr E Ceesay
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Jennifer Cornick
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nigel A Cunliffe
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aneeta Hotwani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mahzabeen Ireen
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Taufiqul Islam
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ousman Jallow
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | | | | | - Victor Maiden
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Usman Nurudeen Ikumapayi
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Ruth Nyirenda
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - John Benjamin Ochieng
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Richard Omore
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Patricia B Pavlinac
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nora Pisanic
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sonia Qureshi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Francesca Schiaffino
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ousman Secka
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Catherine Sonye
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Drissa Timite
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins du Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Awa Traore
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins du Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Md Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Jahangir Hossain
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Khuzwayo C Jere
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Liverpool, UK
- School of Life Sciences & Health Professions, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Margaret N Kosek
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Karen L Kotloff
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Farah Naz Qamar
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Samba O Sow
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins du Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - James A Platts-Mills
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Bolotin S, Osman S, Halperin S, Severini A, Ward BJ, Sadarangani M, Hatchette T, Pebody R, Winter A, De Melker H, Wheeler AR, Brown D, Tunis M, Crowcroft N. Immunity of Canadians and risk of epidemics workshop - Conference report. Vaccine 2023; 41:6775-6781. [PMID: 37827968 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
On November 18-19, 2019, the Immunity of Canadians and Risk of Epidemics (iCARE) Network convened a workshop in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The objectives of the workshop were to raise the profile of sero-epidemiology in Canada, discuss best practice and methodological innovations, and strategize on the future direction of sero-epidemiology work in Canada. In this conference report, we describe the presentations and discussions from the workshop, and comment on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on serosurveillance initiatives, both in Canada and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Bolotin
- Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Scott Halperin
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alberto Severini
- National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MN, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Brian J Ward
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Todd Hatchette
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Amy Winter
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hester De Melker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - David Brown
- Virus Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom; Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matthew Tunis
- National Advisory Committee on Immunization Secretariat, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Crowcroft
- Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Auma E, Hall T, Chopra S, Bilton S, Ramkhelawon L, Amini F, Calvert A, Amirthalingam G, Jones CE, Andrews N, Heath PT, Le Doare K. Using Dried Blood Spots for a Sero-Surveillance Study of Maternally Derived Antibody against Group B Streptococcus. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020357. [PMID: 36851236 PMCID: PMC9966576 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination during pregnancy could protect women and their infants from invasive Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease. To understand if neonatal dried blood spots (DBS) can be used to determine the amount of maternally derived antibody that protects infants against invasive GBS disease, a retrospective case-control study was conducted in England between 1 April 2014 and 30 April 2015. The DBS of cases with invasive GBS disease (n = 61) were matched with healthy controls (n = 125). The haematocrit, DBS storage temperature, freeze-thaw cycle, and paired serum/DBS studies were set up to optimise the antibody assessment. The samples were analysed using a multiplex immunoassay, and the results were assessed using parametric and nonparametric tests. Antibody concentrations were stable at haematocrits of up to 50% but declined at 75%. DBS storage at room temperature was stable for three months compared with storage from collection at -20 °C and rapidly degraded thereafter. Total IgG levels measured in DBS and paired serum showed a good correlation (r2 = 0.99). However, due to suboptimal storage conditions, no difference was found in the GBS IgG levels between DBS samples from cases and controls. We have demonstrated a proof of concept that assays utilising DBS for assessing GBS serotype-specific antibodies in infants is viable. This method could be used to facilitate future large sero-correlate studies, but DBS samples must be stored at -20 °C for long term preservation of antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Auma
- Department of Biology, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, UMR, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Tom Hall
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Simran Chopra
- Immunity and Infection, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Sam Bilton
- Neonatal Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Laxmee Ramkhelawon
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Fahimah Amini
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Anna Calvert
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Gayatri Amirthalingam
- Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Christine E. Jones
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Nick Andrews
- Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Paul T. Heath
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Makerere University—Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala P.O. Box 23491, Uganda
- Pathogen Immunology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
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Building an integrated serosurveillance platform to inform public health interventions: Insights from an experts' meeting on serum biomarkers. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010657. [PMID: 36201428 PMCID: PMC9536637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers to measure immune responses in serum is crucial for understanding population-level exposure and susceptibility to human pathogens. Advances in sample collection, multiplex testing, and computational modeling are transforming serosurveillance into a powerful tool for public health program design and response to infectious threats. In July 2018, 70 scientists from 16 countries met to perform a landscape analysis of approaches that support an integrated serosurveillance platform, including the consideration of issues for successful implementation. Here, we summarize the group's insights and proposed roadmap for implementation, including objectives, technical requirements, ethical issues, logistical considerations, and monitoring and evaluation.
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Vengesai A, Naicker T, Midzi H, Kasambala M, Mduluza-Jokonya TL, Rusakaniko S, Mutapi F, Mduluza T. Multiplex peptide microarray profiling of antibody reactivity against neglected tropical diseases derived B-cell epitopes for serodiagnosis in Zimbabwe. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271916. [PMID: 35867689 PMCID: PMC9307155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peptides (B-cell epitopes) have broad applications in disease diagnosis and surveillance of pathogen exposure. In this framework, we present a pilot study to design and produce a peptide microarray for the integrated surveillance of neglected tropical diseases. The peptide microarray was evaluated against peptides derived from Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni, Trichuris trichiura, Bacillus anthracis, Mycobacterium leprae, Wuchereria bancrofti, Rabies lyssavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trypanosoma brucei. Methods S. haematobium was diagnosed using the urine filtration technique. S. mansoni, A. lumbricoides, N. americanus and T. trichiura were diagnosed using the Kato Katz and formal ether concentration techniques. Immunogenic peptides were retrieved from the Tackling Infection to Benefit Africa infectious diseases epitope microarray. Further peptides were predicted using ABCpred. IgG and IgM reactivity against the derived peptides were evaluated using peptide microarray multiplex immunoassays. Positive response was defined as fluorescence intensity ≥ 500 fluorescence units. Immunodominant peptides were identified using color-coded heat maps and bar graphs reflecting the obtained fluorescence signal intensities. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis and Mann-Whitney-U test were performed to determine the diagnostic validity of the peptides. Results Species-specific responses with at least one peptide derived from each NTD pathogen were observed. The reactive peptides included; for S. haematobium, XP_035588858.1-206-220 and XP_035588858.1-206-220 immunodominant for IgG and IgM respectively, for S. mansoni, P20287.1-58-72 immunodominant for both antibodies and for T. trichiura, CDW52482.1-326-340 immunodominant for IgG and CDW57769.1-2017-2031 and CDW57769.1-1518-1532 immunodominant for IgM. According to ROC analysis most of the peptides selected were inaccurate; with AUC < 0.5. Some peptides had AUC values ranging from 0.5 to 0.5875 for both IgM and IgG suggesting no discrimination. Conclusion Multiplex peptide microarrays are a valuable tool for integrated NTDs surveillance and for screening parasites exposure in endemic areas. Species sero-reactivity observed in the study maybe indicative of exposure to the different NTDs parasites. However, although peptides with the least cross reactivity were selected there is need to validate the sero-reactivity with recombinant antigens and immune-blotting techniques such as western blotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Vengesai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- * E-mail:
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Department of Optics and Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Herald Midzi
- Department of Optics and Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Maritha Kasambala
- Department of Biological Sciences and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tariro L. Mduluza-Jokonya
- Department of Optics and Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Simbarashe Rusakaniko
- Family Medicine, Global and Public Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Francisca Mutapi
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Takafira Mduluza
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Santano R, Rubio R, Grau-Pujol B, Escola V, Muchisse O, Cuamba I, Vidal M, Ruiz-Olalla G, Aguilar R, Gandasegui J, Demontis M, Jamine JC, Cossa A, Sacoor C, Cano J, Izquierdo L, Chitnis CE, Coppel RL, Chauhan V, Cavanagh D, Dutta S, Angov E, van Lieshout L, Zhan B, Muñoz J, Dobaño C, Moncunill G. Evaluation of antibody serology to determine current helminth and Plasmodium falciparum infections in a co-endemic area in Southern Mozambique. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010138. [PMID: 35727821 PMCID: PMC9212154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soil-transmitted helminths (STH), Schistosoma spp. and Plasmodium falciparum are parasites of major public health importance and co-endemic in many sub-Saharan African countries. Management of these infections requires detection and treatment of infected people and evaluation of large-scale measures implemented. Diagnostic tools are available but their low sensitivity, especially for low intensity helminth infections, leaves room for improvement. Antibody serology could be a useful approach thanks to its potential to detect both current infection and past exposure. Methodology We evaluated total IgE responses and specific-IgG levels to 9 antigens from STH, 2 from Schistosoma spp., and 16 from P. falciparum, as potential markers of current infection in a population of children and adults from Southern Mozambique (N = 715). Antibody responses were measured by quantitative suspension array Luminex technology and their performance was evaluated by ROC curve analysis using microscopic and molecular detection of infections as reference. Principal findings IgG against the combination of EXP1, AMA1 and MSP2 (P. falciparum) in children and NIE (Strongyloides stercoralis) in adults and children had the highest accuracies (AUC = 0.942 and AUC = 0.872, respectively) as markers of current infection. IgG against the combination of MEA and Sm25 (Schistosoma spp.) were also reliable markers of current infection (AUC = 0.779). In addition, IgG seropositivity against 20 out of the 27 antigens in the panel differentiated the seropositive endemic population from the non-endemic population, suggesting a possible role as markers of exposure although sensitivity could not be assessed. Conclusions We provided evidence for the utility of antibody serology to detect current infection with parasites causing tropical diseases in endemic populations. In addition, most of the markers have potential good specificity as markers of exposure. We also showed the feasibility of measuring antibody serology with a platform that allows the integration of control and elimination programs for different pathogens. Parasitic worms and Plasmodium falciparum, the causal agent of malaria, are among the most relevant parasitic diseases of our time and efforts are under way for their control and, ultimately, elimination. An accurate diagnosis is relevant for case management, but also allows calculating the prevalence and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment and control measures. Unfortunately, current diagnostic methods for parasitic worms are not optimal and many infections remain undetected. As for P. falciparum, current diagnostic techniques are satisfactory but do not allow for ascertaining exposure, which is relevant for evaluating control measures. Here we investigated the utility of measuring antibodies to these parasites as a diagnostic method. Our results indicate that it is possible to detect current infection with parasitic worms and P. falciparum using antibody detection with a moderate to high accuracy. We also show that antibodies against the antigens in this study have potential as markers of exposure. Importantly, we used a platform that allows for the simultaneous detection of immunoglobulins to different parasites, which would be extremely useful as a tool to integrate control and elimination programs for several pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Santano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (RS); (CD); (GM)
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Grau-Pujol
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valdemiro Escola
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Osvaldo Muchisse
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Inocência Cuamba
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gandasegui
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Demontis
- Department of Parasitology, Centre of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anélsio Cossa
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Charfudin Sacoor
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jorge Cano
- Communicable and Non-communicable Diseases Cluster (UCN), WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chetan E. Chitnis
- Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ross L. Coppel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Virander Chauhan
- Malaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - David Cavanagh
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sheetij Dutta
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Evelina Angov
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisette van Lieshout
- Department of Parasitology, Centre of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bin Zhan
- Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - José Muñoz
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (RS); (CD); (GM)
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (RS); (CD); (GM)
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8
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Fornace KM, Senyonjo L, Martin DL, Gwyn S, Schmidt E, Agyemang D, Marfo B, Addy J, Mensah E, Solomon AW, Bailey R, Drakeley CJ, Pullan RL. Characterising spatial patterns of neglected tropical disease transmission using integrated sero-surveillance in Northern Ghana. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010227. [PMID: 35259153 PMCID: PMC8932554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
As prevalence decreases in pre-elimination settings, identifying the spatial distribution of remaining infections to target control measures becomes increasingly challenging. By measuring multiple antibody responses indicative of past exposure to different pathogens, integrated serological surveys enable simultaneous characterisation of residual transmission of multiple pathogens.
Methodology/Principal findings
Here, we combine integrated serological surveys with geostatistical modelling and remote sensing-derived environmental data to estimate the spatial distribution of exposure to multiple diseases in children in Northern Ghana. The study utilised the trachoma surveillance survey platform (cross-sectional two-stage cluster-sampled surveys) to collect information on additional identified diseases at different stages of elimination with minimal additional cost. Geostatistical modelling of serological data allowed identification of areas with high probabilities of recent exposure to diseases of interest, including areas previously unknown to control programmes. We additionally demonstrate how serological surveys can be used to identify areas with exposure to multiple diseases and to prioritise areas with high uncertainty for future surveys. Modelled estimates of cluster-level prevalence were strongly correlated with more operationally feasible metrics of antibody responses.
Conclusions/Significance
This study demonstrates the potential of integrated serological surveillance to characterise spatial distributions of exposure to multiple pathogens in low transmission and elimination settings when the probability of detecting infections is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M. Fornace
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Senyonjo
- Research Team, Sightsavers UK, Haywards Heath, United Kingdom
| | - Diana L. Martin
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sarah Gwyn
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Elena Schmidt
- Research Team, Sightsavers UK, Haywards Heath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benjamin Marfo
- Neglected Tropical Disease Team, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - James Addy
- Neglected Tropical Disease Team, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Anthony W. Solomon
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robin Bailey
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J. Drakeley
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L. Pullan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Walker IS, Chung AW, Damelang T, Rogerson SJ. Analysis of Antibody Reactivity to Malaria Antigens by Microsphere-Based Multiplex Immunoassay. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2470:309-325. [PMID: 35881355 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2189-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein multiplex assays enable serological analysis of multiple target proteins simultaneously, using relatively small volumes of patient sample per assay. Here we present a detailed protocol to analyze antibody reactivity to malaria antigens by microsphere-based multiplex assay (xMAP technology). This method involves coupling of recombinant proteins to fluorescently labeled microspheres; simultaneous exposure of all microspheres to plasma or sera, and detection of antigen-specific antibodies with a fluorescent labeled anti-human Fc region antibody. In addition to total IgG, this assay can be adapted to measure multiple properties of the antibody Fc region, including subclass, isotype, and Fc receptor or complement C1q binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel S Walker
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timon Damelang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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10
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Chan YL, Patterson CL, Priest JW, Stresman G, William T, Chua TH, Tetteh K, Lammie P, Drakeley C, Fornace KM. Assessing seroprevalence and associated risk factors for multiple infectious diseases in Sabah, Malaysia using serological multiplex bead assays. Front Public Health 2022; 10:924316. [PMID: 36388287 PMCID: PMC9641279 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.924316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious diseases continue to burden populations in Malaysia, especially among rural communities where resources are limited and access to health care is difficult. Current epidemiological trends of several neglected tropical diseases in these populations are at present absent due to the lack of habitual and efficient surveillance. To date, various studies have explored the utility of serological multiplex beads to monitor numerous diseases simultaneously. We therefore applied this platform to assess population level exposure to six infectious diseases in Sabah, Malaysia. Furthermore, we concurrently investigated demographic and spatial risk factors that may be associated with exposure for each disease. Methods This study was conducted in four districts of Northern Sabah in Malaysian Borneo, using an environmentally stratified, population-based cross-sectional serological survey targeted to determine risk factors for malaria. Samples were collected between September to December 2015, from 919 villages totaling 10,100 persons. IgG responses to twelve antigens of six diseases (lymphatic filariasis- Bm33, Bm14, BmR1, Wb123; strongyloides- NIE; toxoplasmosis-SAG2A; yaws- Rp17 and TmpA; trachoma- Pgp3, Ct694; and giardiasis- VSP3, VSP5) were measured using serological multiplex bead assays. Eight demographic risk factors and twelve environmental covariates were included in this study to better understand transmission in this community. Results Seroprevalence of LF antigens included Bm33 (10.9%), Bm14+ BmR1 (3.5%), and Wb123 (1.7%). Seroprevalence of Strongyloides antigen NIE was 16.8%, for Toxoplasma antigen SAG2A was 29.9%, and Giardia antigens GVSP3 + GVSP5 was 23.2%. Seroprevalence estimates for yaws Rp17 was 4.91%, for TmpA was 4.81%, and for combined seropositivity to both antigens was 1.2%. Seroprevalence estimates for trachoma Pgp3 + Ct694 were 4.5%. Age was a significant risk factors consistent among all antigens assessed, while other risk factors varied among the different antigens. Spatial heterogeneity of seroprevalence was observed more prominently in lymphatic filariasis and toxoplasmosis. Conclusions Multiplex bead assays can be used to assess serological responses to numerous pathogens simultaneously to support infectious disease surveillance in rural communities, especially where prevalences estimates are lacking for neglected tropical diseases. Demographic and spatial data collected alongside serosurveys can prove useful in identifying risk factors associated with exposure and geographic distribution of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuYen L. Chan
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: YuYen L. Chan
| | - Catriona L. Patterson
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W. Priest
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Gillian Stresman
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy William
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Tock H. Chua
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Kevin Tetteh
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Lammie
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly M. Fornace
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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11
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Fifty years of the schistosome tegument: discoveries, controversies, and outstanding questions. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:1213-1232. [PMID: 34767805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unique multilaminate appearance of the tegument surface of schistosomes was first described in 1973, in one of the earliest volumes of the International Journal for Parasitology. The present review, published almost 50 years later, traces the development of our knowledge of the tegument, starting with those earliest cytological advances, particularly the surface plasma membrane-membranocalyx complex, through an era of protein discovery to the modern age of protein characterization, aided by proteomics. More recently, analysis of single cell transcriptomes of schistosomes is providing insight into the organisation of the cell bodies that support the surface syncytium. Our understanding of the tegument, notably the nature of the proteins present within the plasma membrane and membranocalyx, has provided insights into how the schistosomes interact with their hosts but many aspects of how the tegument functions remain unanswered. Among the unresolved aspects are those concerned with maintenance and renewal of the surface membrane complex, and whether surface proteins and membrane components are recycled. Current controversies arising from investigations about whether the tegument is a source of extracellular vesicles during parasitism, and if it is covered with glycolytic enzymes, are evaluated in the light of cytological and proteomic knowledge of the layer.
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12
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Souza AA, Ducker C, Argaw D, King JD, Solomon AW, Biamonte MA, Coler RN, Cruz I, Lejon V, Levecke B, Marchini FK, Marks M, Millet P, Njenga SM, Noordin R, Paulussen R, Sreekumar E, Lammie PJ. Diagnostics and the neglected tropical diseases roadmap: setting the agenda for 2030. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:129-135. [PMID: 33169166 PMCID: PMC7842105 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and reliable diagnostic tools are an essential requirement for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) programmes. However, the NTD community has historically underinvested in the development and improvement of diagnostic tools, potentially undermining the successes achieved over the last 2 decades. Recognizing this, the WHO, in its newly released draft roadmap for NTD 2021-2030, has identified diagnostics as one of four priority areas requiring concerted action to reach the 2030 targets. As a result, WHO established a Diagnostics Technical Advisory Group (DTAG) to serve as the collaborative mechanism to drive progress in this area. Here, the purpose and role of the DTAG are described in the context of the challenges facing NTD programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Souza
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center, Task Force for Global Health, Atlanta, GA 30030, USA
| | - Camilla Ducker
- Consultant, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Argaw
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan D King
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anthony W Solomon
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marco A Biamonte
- Drugs and Diagnostics for Tropical Diseases, San Diego, CA 92111, USA
| | - Rhea N Coler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Israel Cruz
- National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veerle Lejon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Levecke
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Michael Marks
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Pascal Millet
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pengang, Malaysia
| | | | - Esvawaran Sreekumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Patrick J Lammie
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center, Task Force for Global Health, Atlanta, GA 30030, USA
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13
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Cross-Reactivity of Two SARS-CoV-2 Serological Assays in a Setting Where Malaria Is Endemic. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0051421. [PMID: 33853839 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00514-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate SARS-CoV-2 serological assays are critical for COVID-19 serosurveillance. However, previous studies have indicated possible cross-reactivity of these assays, including in areas where malaria is endemic. We tested 213 well-characterized prepandemic samples from Nigeria using two SARS-CoV-2 serological assays, Abbott Architect IgG and Euroimmun NCP IgG assay, both targeting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. To assess antibody binding strength, an avidity assay was performed on these samples and on plasma from SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive persons. Thirteen (6.1%) of 212 samples run on the Abbott assay and 38 (17.8%) of 213 run on the Euroimmun assay were positive. Anti-Plasmodium IgG levels were significantly higher among false positives for both Abbott and Euroimmun; no association was found with active Plasmodium falciparum infection. An avidity assay using various concentrations of urea wash in the Euroimmun assay reduced loosely bound IgG: of 37 positive/borderline prepandemic samples, 46%, 86%, 89%, and 97% became negative using 2 M, 4 M, 5 M, and 8 M urea washes, respectively. The wash slightly reduced avidity of antibodies from SARS-CoV-2 patients within 28 days of PCR confirmation; thereafter, avidity increased for all urea concentrations except 8 M. This validation found moderate to substantial cross-reactivity on two SARS-CoV-2 serological assays using samples from a setting where malaria is endemic. A simple urea wash appeared to alleviate issues of cross-reactivity.
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14
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Development of a Measles and Rubella Multiplex Bead Serological Assay for Assessing Population Immunity. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:JCM.02716-20. [PMID: 33731416 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02716-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Serosurveys are important tools for estimating population immunity and providing immunization activity guidance. The measles and rubella multiplex bead assay (MBA) offers multiple advantages over standard serological assays and was validated by comparison with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the measles plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) assay. Results from a laboratory-produced purified measles virus whole-virus antigen MBA (MeV WVAL) correlated better with ELISA and PRN than results from the baculovirus-expressed measles nucleoprotein (N) MBA. Therefore, a commercially produced whole-virus antigen (MeV WVAC) was evaluated. Serum IgG antibody concentrations correlated significantly with a strong linear relationship between the MeV WVAC and MeV WVAL MBAs (R = 0.962 and R 2 = 0.926). IgG concentrations from the MeV WVAC MBA showed strong correlation with PRN titers (R = 0.846), with a linear relationship comparable to values obtained with the MeV WVAL MBA and PRN assay (R 2 = 0.716 and R 2 = 0.768, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the MeV WVAC using PRN titer as the comparator resulted in a seroprotection cutoff of 153 mIU/ml, similar to the established correlate of protection of 120 mIU/ml, with a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 83%. IgG concentrations correlated strongly between the rubella WVA MBA and ELISA (R = 0.959 and R 2 = 0.919). ROC analysis of the rubella MBA using ELISA as the comparator yielded a cutoff of 9.36 IU/ml, similar to the accepted cutoff of 10 IU/ml for seroprotection, with a sensitivity of 99% and a specificity of 100%. These results support use of the MBA for multiantigen serosurveys assessing measles and rubella population immunity.
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15
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Tanaka M, Kildemoes AO, Chadeka EA, Cheruiyot BN, Sassa M, Moriyasu T, Nakamura R, Kikuchi M, Fujii Y, de Dood CJ, Corstjens PLAM, Kaneko S, Maruyama H, Njenga SM, de Vrueh R, Hokke CH, Hamano S. Potential of antibody test using Schistosoma mansoni recombinant serpin and RP26 to detect light-intensity infections in endemic areas. Parasitol Int 2021; 83:102346. [PMID: 33857597 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains a worldwide public health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization targets the goal for its elimination as a public health problem in the 2030 Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) Roadmap. Concerted action and agile responses to challenges will be necessary to achieve the targets. Better diagnostic tests can accelerate progress towards the elimination by monitoring disease trends and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions; however, current examinations such as Kato-Katz technique are of limited power to detect light-intensity infections. The point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test shows a higher sensitivity compared to the reference standard, Kato-Katz technique, but it still lacks sufficient sensitivity with low infection intensity. In this study, we examined antibody reactions against recombinant protein antigens; Schistosoma mansoni serine protease-inhibitor (SmSerpin) and RP26, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma samples with light-intensity infection. The sensitivity using the cocktail antigen of recombinant SmSerpin and RP26 showed 83.7%. The sensitivity using S. mansoni soluble egg antigen (SmSEA) was 90.8%, but it showed poor specificity (29.7%), while the cocktail antigen presented improved specificity (61.4%). We conclude that antibody detection to the SmSerpin and RP26 protein antigens is effective to detect S. mansoni light-intensity infections. Our study indicates the potential of detecting antibody against recombinant protein antigens to monitor the transmission of schistosomiasis in low endemicity contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Tanaka
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Anna O Kildemoes
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Evans Asena Chadeka
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Nagasaki University, Kenya Research Station, NUITM-KEMRI Project, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Benard Ngetich Cheruiyot
- The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Nagasaki University, Kenya Research Station, NUITM-KEMRI Project, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Miho Sassa
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taeko Moriyasu
- The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Nagasaki University, Kenya Research Station, NUITM-KEMRI Project, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Risa Nakamura
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mihoko Kikuchi
- The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshito Fujii
- Department of Medical Technology, Sanyo Women's College, Hatsukaichi, Japan
| | - Claudia J de Dood
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul L A M Corstjens
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Nagasaki University, Kenya Research Station, NUITM-KEMRI Project, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Maruyama
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Sammy M Njenga
- Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Nagasaki University, Kenya Research Station, NUITM-KEMRI Project, Nairobi, Kenya.
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16
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Validation of a diphtheria toxoid multiplex bead assay for serosurveys. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 100:115371. [PMID: 33838594 PMCID: PMC10370405 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We validated a multiplex bead assay for diphtheria toxoid IgG antibodies against the Vero cell toxin neutralization test using 1300 specimens (correlation = 0.88). At the ≥0.01 IU/mL cutoff for minimal seroprotection, sensitivity was 95% and specificity was 83%. Agreement for three categories (<0.01, 0.01-<0.1, ≥0.1 IU/mL) was 81% (kappa = 0.71).
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17
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Fine-scale heterogeneity in Schistosoma mansoni force of infection measured through antibody response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23174-23181. [PMID: 32868437 PMCID: PMC7502727 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008951117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most common parasitic diseases in the world, and most infected people (90%) live in Africa. Global control efforts use measures of population-level transmission to target programs and assess progress toward elimination. Monitoring Schistosoma mansoni transmission has traditionally relied on examining stool with microscopy, which is difficult to scale in large programs and has low sensitivity as infection burdens decline. Our results show that antibody-based measures of transmission align well with stool-based measures, provide higher sensitivity at lower levels of transmission, and enable fine-scale estimates of force of infection by geography and age. The findings represent a major step toward use of serosurveillance to guide schistosomiasis control efforts in Africa. Schistosomiasis is among the most common parasitic diseases in the world, with over 142 million people infected in low- and middle-income countries. Measuring population-level transmission is centrally important in guiding schistosomiasis control programs. Traditionally, human Schistosoma mansoni infections have been detected using stool microscopy, which is logistically difficult at program scale and has low sensitivity when people have low infection burdens. We compared serological measures of transmission based on antibody response to S. mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) with stool-based measures of infection among 3,663 preschool-age children in an area endemic for S. mansoni in western Kenya. We estimated force of infection among children using the seroconversion rate and examined how it varied geographically and by age. At the community level, serological measures of transmission aligned with stool-based measures of infection (ρ = 0.94), and serological measures provided more resolution for between-community differences at lower levels of infection. Force of infection showed a clear gradient of transmission with distance from Lake Victoria, with 94% of infections and 93% of seropositive children in communities <1.5 km from the lake. Force of infection increased through age 3 y, by which time 65% (95% CI: 53%, 75%) of children were SEA positive in high-transmission communities—2 y before they would be reached by school-based deworming programs. Our results show that serologic surveillance platforms represent an important opportunity to guide and monitor schistosomiasis control programs, and that in high-transmission settings preschool-age children represent a key population missed by school-based deworming programs.
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Seroprevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and immunity to measles, rubella, tetanus and diphtheria among schoolchildren aged 6-7 years old in the Solomon Islands, 2016. Vaccine 2020; 38:4679-4686. [PMID: 32473876 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Western Pacific Region (WPR) established a goal to decrease chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among children to <1% and to achieve ≥95% hepatitis B vaccine birth dose (HepB-BD) and ≥95% three-dose (HepB3) coverage by 2017. In 2016, we conducted a national serosurvey in the Solomon Islands among 6-7-year-old school children to assess progress towards the control goal and immunity to measles, rubella, tetanus and diphtheria. Eighty schools were selected systematically proportional to their 6-7-year-old population; all 6-7-year-olds were enrolled. We collected basic demographic information and vaccination history. Children were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) using a rapid test, and for immunity to measles, rubella, tetanus, and diphtheria using a multiplex bead assay. In total, 1,249 out of 1,492 children (84%) were enrolled, among whom 1,169 (94%) underwent HBsAg testing and 1,156 (93%) provided dried blood spots. Almost 80% (n = 982) of enrolled children had vaccination cards, among whom 59% (n = 584) received a timely HepB-BD (within 24 hours of birth), 95% (n = 932) received HepB3, and >90% received vaccines for diphtheria, tetanus, and measles (rubella vaccine was not available at the time). HBsAg prevalence was 3.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0%-4.9%), with 55% of identified cases from one province. Among 982 children with vaccination cards, HBsAg prevalence was higher among children who had not received a timely HepB-BD and at least two HepB doses compared to those who had (4% vs. 2%). Of 1,156 tested children, immunoprotection estimates were 99% (95% CI: 98%-99%) for measles, 99% (95% CI: 97%-100%) for rubella, 85% (95% CI: 83%-87%) for tetanus, and 51% (95% CI: 47%-55%) for diphtheria. Improving timely HepB-BD coverage and maintaining high HepB3 coverage could help Solomon Islands reach the regional HBV control goal. Low immunity to tetanus and diphtheria suggests the need to introduce booster doses to ensure long-term protection.
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