1
|
Koh CC, Neves EGA, de Souza-Silva TG, Carvalho AC, Pinto CHR, Sobreira Galdino A, Gollob KJ, Dutra WO. Cytokine Networks as Targets for Preventing and Controlling Chagas Heart Disease. Pathogens 2023; 12:171. [PMID: 36839443 PMCID: PMC9966322 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, a neglected disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in 21 Latin American countries, affecting 6-8 million people. Increasing numbers of Chagas disease cases have also been reported in non-endemic countries due to migration, contamination via blood transfusions or organ transplantation, characterizing Chagas as an emerging disease in such regions. While most individuals in the chronic phase of Chagas disease remain in an asymptomatic clinical form named indeterminate, approximately 30% of the patients develop a cardiomyopathy that is amongst the deadliest cardiopathies known. The clinical distinctions between the indeterminate and the cardiac clinical forms are associated with different immune responses mediated by innate and adaptive cells. In this review, we present a collection of studies focusing on the human disease, discussing several aspects that demonstrate the association between chemokines, cytokines, and cytotoxic molecules with the distinct clinical outcomes of human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. In addition, we discuss the role of gene polymorphisms in the transcriptional control of these immunoregulatory molecules. Finally, we discuss the potential application of cytokine expression and gene polymorphisms as markers of susceptibility to developing the severe form of Chagas disease, and as targets for disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cattoni Koh
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Eula G. A. Neves
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Thaiany Goulart de Souza-Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Carvalho
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Cecília Horta Ramalho Pinto
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - Kenneth J. Gollob
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador 40110-160, BA, Brazil
| | - Walderez Ornelas Dutra
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador 40110-160, BA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rigazio CS, Mariz-Ponte N, Caballero EP, Penas FN, Goren NB, Santamaría MH, Corral RS. Involvement of glycoinositolphospholipid from Trypanosoma cruzi and macrophage migration inhibitory factor in proinflammatory mechanisms promoting cardiovascular injury mechanisms promoting cardiovascular inflammation tThe combined action of glycoinositolphospholipid from Trypanosoma cruzi and macrophage migration inhibitory factor increases proinflammatory mediator production by cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
3
|
Caputo MB, Elias J, Cesar G, Alvarez MG, Laucella SA, Albareda MC. Role of the Complement System in the Modulation of T-Cell Responses in Chronic Chagas Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:910854. [PMID: 35846776 PMCID: PMC9282465 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.910854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the intracellular pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, is the parasitic disease with the greatest impact in Latin America and the most common cause of infectious myocarditis in the world. The immune system plays a central role in the control of T. cruzi infection but at the same time needs to be controlled to prevent the development of pathology in the host. It has been shown that persistent infection with T. cruzi induces exhaustion of parasite-specific T cell responses in subjects with chronic Chagas disease. The continuous inflammatory reaction due to parasite persistence in the heart also leads to necrosis and fibrosis. The complement system is a key element of the innate immune system, but recent findings have also shown that the interaction between its components and immune cell receptors might modulate several functions of the adaptive immune system. Moreover, the findings that most of immune cells can produce complement proteins and express their receptors have led to the notion that the complement system also has non canonical functions in the T cell. During human infection by T. cruzi, complement activation might play a dual role in the acute and chronic phases of Chagas disease; it is initially crucial in controlling parasitemia and might later contributes to the development of symptomatic forms of Chagas disease due to its role in T-cell regulation. Herein, we will discuss the putative role of effector complement molecules on T-cell immune exhaustion during chronic human T. cruzi infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Caputo
- Investigation Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josefina Elias
- Investigation Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Cesar
- Investigation Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Alvarez
- Chagas Section, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Adriana Laucella
- Investigation Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Chagas Section, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Albareda
- Investigation Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vital WDS, Santos FJDA, Gonçalves MLF, Wyrepkowski CDC, Ramasawmy R, Furtado SDC. Influence of the presence of mannose-binding lectin polymorphisms on the occurrence of leishmaniasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. An Bras Dermatol 2022; 97:298-306. [PMID: 35331599 PMCID: PMC9133304 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is caused by an intracellular protozoan of the Leishmania genus. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a serum complement protein and recognizes lipoprotein antigens in protozoa and the bacterial plasma membrane. Nucleotide variants in the promoter region and exon 1 of the MBL gene can influence its expression or change its molecular structure. OBJECTIVE To evaluate, through a systematic review, case-control studies of the genetic association of variants in the MBL2 gene and the risk of developing leishmaniasis. METHODS This review carried out a search in PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Lilacs databases for case-control publications with six polymorphisms in the mannose-binding Lectin gene. The following strategy was used: P = Patients at risk of leishmaniasis; I = Presence of polymorphisms; C = Absence of polymorphisms; O = Occurrence of leishmaniasis. Four case/control studies consisting of 791 patients with leishmaniasis and 967 healthy subjects (Control) are included in this meta-analysis. The association of variants in the mannose-binding Lectin gene and leishmaniasis under the allelic genetic model, -550 (Hvs. L), -221 (X vs. Y), +4 (Q vs. P), CD52 (A vs. D), CD54 (A vs. B), CD57 (A vs. C) and A/O genotype (A vs. O) was evaluated. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42020201755. RESULTS The meta-analysis results for any allelic genetic model showed no significant association for the variants within the promoter, the untranslated region, and exon 1, as well as for the wild-type A allele and mutant allele O with leishmaniasis. STUDY LIMITATIONS Caution should be exercised when interpreting these results, as they are based on a few studies, which show divergent results when analyzed separately. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis showed a non-significant association between the rs11003125, rs7096206, rs7095891, rs5030737, rs1800450, and rs1800451 polymorphisms of the Mannose-binding Lectin gene and leishmaniasis in any allelic and heterogeneous evaluation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sánchez G, Salazar-Alcalá E, Hernández F, Deglesne PA, Bello ZD, de Noya BA, Noya O, Fernández-Mestre M. Polymorphisms of the TLR4 gene: Risk factor for chronicity and severity in oral vectorial Chagas disease. Exp Parasitol 2022; 238:108243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Tirado TC, Moura LL, Shigunov P, Figueiredo FB. Methodological Appraisal of Literature Concerning the Analysis of Genetic Variants or Protein Levels of Complement Components on Susceptibility to Infection by Trypanosomatids: A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:780810. [PMID: 34899745 PMCID: PMC8656155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosomatids are protozoa responsible for a wide range of diseases, with emphasis on Chagas Disease (CD) and Leishmaniasis, which are in the list of most relevant Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) according to World Health Organization (WHO). During the infectious process, immune system is immediately activated, and parasites can invade nucleated cells through a broad diversity of receptors. The complement system − through classical, alternative and lectin pathways − plays a role in the first line of defense against these pathogens, acting in opsonization, phagocytosis and lysis of parasites. Genetic modifications in complement genes, such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), can influence host susceptibility to these parasites and modulate protein expression. Methods In March and April 2021, a literature search was conducted at the PubMed and Google Scholar databases and the reference lists obtained were verified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the selected studies were evaluated and scored according to eleven established criteria regarding their thematic approach and design, aiming at the good quality of publications. Results Twelve papers were included in this systematic review: seven investigating CD and five focusing on Leishmaniasis. Most articles presented gene and protein approaches, careful determination of experimental groups, and adequate choice of experimental techniques, although several of them were not up-to-date. Ten studies explored the association of polymorphisms and haplotypes with disease progression, with emphasis on lectin complement pathway genes. Decreased and increased patient serum protein levels were associated with susceptibility to CD and Visceral Leishmaniasis, respectively. Conclusion This systematic review shows the influence of genetic alterations in complement genes on the progression of several infectious diseases, with a focus on conditions caused by trypanosomatids, and contributes suggestions and evidence to improve experimental design in future research proposals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais Cristina Tirado
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Larine Lowry Moura
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Shigunov
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Borges Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Acosta-Herrera M, Strauss M, Casares-Marfil D, Martín J. Genomic medicine in Chagas disease. Acta Trop 2019; 197:105062. [PMID: 31201776 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic approaches have been proposed for improving the understanding of the causes of differential susceptibility to Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease outcome. Polymorphisms in genes involved in the immune/inflammatory response are being studied in order to clarify their possible role in the occurrence or severity of the cardiac and/or gastrointestinal complications. However still today, the number of significant associated genes is limited and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this condition are unknown. This article review the information currently available from the published scientific literature regarding the genetic variants of molecules of the immune system and other variants that can contribute to the clinical presentation of the disease. Genomic medicine will improve our knowledge about the molecular basis of Chagas disease, will open new avenues for developing biomarkers of disease progression, new therapeutic strategies to suit the requirements of individual patients, and will contribute to the control of one of the infections with the greatest socio-economic impact in the Americas.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chevillard C, Nunes JPS, Frade AF, Almeida RR, Pandey RP, Nascimento MS, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E. Disease Tolerance and Pathogen Resistance Genes May Underlie Trypanosoma cruzi Persistence and Differential Progression to Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2791. [PMID: 30559742 PMCID: PMC6286977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and affects over 8 million people worldwide. In spite of a powerful innate and adaptive immune response in acute infection, the parasite evades eradication, leading to a chronic persistent infection with low parasitism. Chronically infected subjects display differential patterns of disease progression. While 30% develop chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC)—a severe inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy—decades after infection, 60% of the patients remain disease-free, in the asymptomatic/indeterminate (ASY) form, and 10% develop gastrointestinal disease. Infection of genetically deficient mice provided a map of genes relevant for resistance to T. cruzi infection, leading to the identification of multiple genes linked to survival to infection. These include pathogen resistance genes (PRG) needed for intracellular parasite destruction, and genes involved in disease tolerance (protection against tissue damage and acute phase death—DTG). All identified DTGs were found to directly or indirectly inhibit IFN-γ production or Th1 differentiation. We hypothesize that the absolute need for DTG to control potentially lethal IFN-γ PRG activity leads to T. cruzi persistence and establishment of chronic infection. IFN-γ production is higher in CCC than ASY patients, and is the most highly expressed cytokine in CCC hearts. Key DTGs that downmodulate IFN-γ, like IL-10, and Ebi3/IL27p28, are higher in ASY patients. Polymorphisms in PRG and DTG are associated with differential disease progression. We thus hypothesize that ASY patients are disease tolerant, while an imbalance of DTG and IFN-γ PRG activity leads to the inflammatory heart damage of CCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - João Paulo Silva Nunes
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Farage Frade
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Bioengineering, Brazil University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ribeiro Almeida
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilda Savóia Nascimento
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cao Y, Wang X, Cao Z, Wu C, Wu D, Cheng X. Genetic polymorphisms of MBL2 and tuberculosis susceptibility: a meta-analysis of 22 case-control studies. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:1212-1232. [PMID: 30393476 PMCID: PMC6209707 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.65319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association of mannose-binding lectin gene (MBL2) polymorphisms with tuberculosis susceptibility was inconclusive. In this study, a meta-analysis of 22 case-control studies was carried out to assess the effect of MBL2 polymorphisms on tuberculosis risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search was performed in Embase, PubMed and Web of Science up to Sep 30, 2015. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to assess the association. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 12.0 software. RESULTS rs1800451 was associated with a decreased tuberculosis risk in the allele model (C vs. A: OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86-1.00, p = 0.050). In analyses stratified by ethnicity, rs7096206 (C/G: OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10-1.57, p = 0.003; GG vs. GC + CC: OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.56-0.85, p < 0.001) and A/O (O/A: OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.10-1.64, p = 0.004) were associated with tuberculosis risk in Asians, A/O (AA vs. AO + OO: OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51-0.99, p = 0.041) and rs1800451 (AC vs. AA + CC: OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.27-5.74, p = 0.010) were associated with tuberculosis risk in Americans, and rs1800451 (C/A: OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.99, p = 0.035) was associated with tuberculosis risk in Africans. Additionally, rs1800450 (B/A: OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.25-0.72, p = 0.001) was associated with tuberculosis risk in Europeans. CONCLUSIONS The MBL2 rs1800451 polymorphism is associated with decreased TB risk in the general population, and A/O, rs7096206, rs1800450 and rs1800451 are likely to be associated with the risk for some specific ethnic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, the 309 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, the 309 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, the 309 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Tangshan Tuberculosis Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Tangshan Tuberculosis Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoxing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, the 309 Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Binding capacity of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is associated with the severity of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:593-596. [PMID: 29775825 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a global problem. Currently, it affects approximately 15 million individuals in Latin America. It is well know that the human immune response is related to different clinical manifestations. Mannose binding lectin (MBL) plays an important role in innate immunity, and it mediates the phagocytosis and complement-mediated destruction of pathogens. The binding capacity is enhanced by the oligomerization of MBL. In this study, we evaluated the serum concentration and the binding capacity of MBL in patients with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. A total of 77 patients with chronic CD were included with indeterminate (n = 19), mild cardiac (n = 29) and severe cardiac (n = 29) forms. The serum concentration and the binding capacity were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). There was no significant difference in the serum MBL levels between the groups of patients. However, we found a relationship between the binding capacity and the groups studied. Our results suggest that binding capacity of MBL could be an indicator of clinical manifestation in Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, combined with the Mannose Binding Index results in a useful clinical tool for management of Chronic Chagas Patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
The potential role of toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphism and its association with recurrent cystic echinococcosis in postoperative patients. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:1717-1727. [PMID: 29602972 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of pathogenesis mechanisms of larval stages in the Taeniidae has recently focused on host genetic factors, particularly toll-like receptor (TLR) variations. However, the potential role of TLR4 polymorphism in hydatidosis has not yet been sufficiently elucidated in postoperative patients. In this case-control investigation, 80 patients from Iran, including 40 with acute hydatidosis (AH) and 40 with recurrent hydatidosis (RH), and 80 ethnically matched controls were evaluated from February 2015 to February 2017. Hydatidosis patients were confirmed using radiological, immunological, and histopathological examinations. Genotyping of Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile of TLR4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism, sequencing, and phylogenetic strategies. The heterozygous mutant-type TLR4 Asp299Gly genotype indicated a tendency to be associated with the occurrence of RH (P = 0.060) and conferred a 3-fold risk for susceptibility. There was no difference in genotype frequency of Asp299Gly between patients with AH and healthy controls (P = 0.42; OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 0.11-30.1%). Interestingly, a frequency of the G allele (12%: Gly) was observed to be a risk factor for susceptibility to RH patients (P = 0.050; OR, 7.08; 95% CI, 0.97-51.5%). A relative genetic variability of TLR4 Asp299Gly was found in RH patients (haplotype diversity: 0.700) compared to AH patients and healthy controls (Hd: 0.000). The Asp299Gly genotype was dominantly identified in patients with hepatic hydatid cysts. The TLR4 Thr399Ile codon was not detected except in a patient with a pulmonary hydatid cyst. The current findings enhance our knowledge regarding the TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism potentially leading to the development of RH, by skewing the immune system towards a Th2 response. Identification of the Asp299Gly codon may be a diagnostic hallmark in RH patients who have undergone unsuccessful postoperative intervention. However, further studies with a higher case number are needed on ethnic population from various geographic regions, in order to confirm this hypothesis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lidani KCF, Bavia L, Ambrosio AR, de Messias-Reason IJ. The Complement System: A Prey of Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:607. [PMID: 28473804 PMCID: PMC5397499 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite known to cause Chagas disease (CD), a neglected sickness that affects around 6-8 million people worldwide. Originally, CD was mainly found in Latin America but more recently, it has been spread to countries in North America, Asia, and Europe due the international migration from endemic areas. Thus, at present CD represents an important concern of global public health. Most of individuals that are infected by T. cruzi may remain in asymptomatic form all lifelong, but up to 40% of them will develop cardiomyopathy, digestive mega syndromes, or both. The interaction between the T. cruzi infective forms and host-related immune factors represents a key point for a better understanding of the physiopathology of CD. In this context, the complement, as one of the first line of host defense against infection was shown to play an important role in recognizing T. cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes and in controlling parasite invasion. The complement consists of at least 35 or more plasma proteins and cell surface receptors/regulators, which can be activated by three pathways: classical (CP), lectin (LP), and alternative (AP). The CP and LP are mainly initiated by immune complexes or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), respectively, whereas AP is spontaneously activated by hydrolysis of C3. Once activated, several relevant complement functions are generated which include opsonization and phagocytosis of particles or microorganisms and cell lysis. An important step during T. cruzi infection is when intracellular trypomastigotes are release to bloodstream where they may be target by complement. Nevertheless, the parasite uses a sequence of events in order to escape from complement-mediated lysis. In fact, several T. cruzi molecules are known to interfere in the initiation of all three pathways and in the assembly of C3 convertase, a key step in the activation of complement. Moreover, T. cruzi promotes secretion of plasma membrane-derived vesicles from host cells, which prevent the activity of C3 convertase C4b2a and thereby may hinder complement. In this review, we aim to present an overview on the strategies used by T. cruzi in order to circumvent the activation of complement and, consequently, its biological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iara J. de Messias-Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kalia N, Singh J, Sharma S, Arora H, Kaur M. Genetic and Phenotypic Screening of Mannose-Binding Lectin in Relation to Risk of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Infections in Women of North India: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:75. [PMID: 28197138 PMCID: PMC5281598 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent Vulvovaginal Infections (RVVI) is common problem associated with women of reproductive age. The function and deleterious effect of Mannose Binding Lectin 2 (MBL2) common polymorphisms are reported to be associated with various diseases. However, the role of MBL2 promoter gene polymorphisms and their combined effect with structural variant along with Serum Mannose Binding Lectin (sMBL) levels in RVVI has not been investigated. The study included 258 RVVI cases and 203 age matched healthy controls. These were investigated for the distribution of MBL2 codon 54 and promoter polymorphisms by Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR). sMBL levels were quantified by Enzyme Linked Immnosorbent Assay (ELISA). The frequency of X allele and its genotypes was significantly high in cases than controls conferring risk toward RVVI and its types (p < 0.05). The HXPA (OR; 2.0), LXQB (OR; 1.43) haplotypes were associated with susceptibility to RVVI cases while haplotype LYQB significantly protected against RVVI (OR; 0.58), Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) (OR; 0.27) and Mixed Infections (MI) cases (OR; 0.62) with high frequency observed in controls (p < 0.05). Mean sMBL levels were significantly low in RVVI, BV, Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC), and MI cases compared to controls (p < 0.05). VVC patient showed significantly low sMBL levels than RVVI and MI cases (p < 0.05). The mean sMBL levels segregated based on MBL2 genotypes and haplotypes showed significant difference in different cases groups with controls. The findings of the present study suggested that MBL2 Y/X polymorphism and low sMBL levels were associated with susceptibility to RVVI either it is BV, VVC, or MI. Thus MBL deficiency in women with RVVI may contribute to decreased efficiency in clearing of pathogens. Hence, specific measures like administration of purified or recombinant MBL might decrease the incidence of vaginal infections recurrences and more-effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namarta Kalia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, India
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, India
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Bebe Nanki Mother and Child Care Centre, Government Medical College Amritsar, India
| | - Hardesh Arora
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kalia N, Sharma A, Kaur M, Kamboj SS, Singh J. A comprehensive in silico analysis of non-synonymous and regulatory SNPs of human MBL2 gene. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:811. [PMID: 27390651 PMCID: PMC4916122 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a liver derived protein which plays an important role in innate immunity. Mannose binding lectin gene 2 (MBL2) polymorphisms are reported to be associated with various diseases. In spite of being exhaustively studied molecule, no attempt has been made till date to comprehensively and systematically analyze the SNPs of MBL2 gene. The present study was carried out to identify and prioritize the SNPs of MBL2 gene for further genotyping and functional studies. To predict the possible impact of SNPs on MBL structure and function SNP data obtained from dbSNP database were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools. Out of total 661 SNPs, only 37 validated SNPs having minor allele frequency ≥0.10 were considered for the present study. These 37 SNPs includes one in 3' near gene, nine in 3' UTR, one non-synonymous SNP (nsSNP), thirteen intronic SNPs and thirteen in 5' near gene. From these 37 SNPs, 11 non-coding SNPs were identified to be of functional significance and evolutionary conserved. Out of these, 4 SNPs from 3' UTR were found to play role in miRNA binding, 7 SNPs from 5' near and intronic region were predicted to involve in transcription factor binding and expression of MBL2 gene. One nsSNP Gly54Asp (rs1800450) was found to be deleterious and damaging by both SIFT and Polyphen-2 servers and thus affecting MBL2 protein stability and expression. Protein structural analysis with this amino acid variant was performed by using I-TASSER, RAMPAGE, Swiss-PdbViewer, Chimera and I-mutant. Information regarding solvent accessibility, molecular dynamics and energy minimization calculations showed that this variant causes clashes with neighboring amino acids residues that must interfere in the normal triple helix formation of trimeric subunit and further with the normal assembly of MBL oligomeric form, hence decrease in stability. Thus, findings of the present study indicated 12 SNPs of MBL2 gene to be functionally important. Exploration of these variants may provide novel remedial markers for various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namarta Kalia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 India
| | - Aarti Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sukhdev Singh Kamboj
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 India
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li E, Tako EA, Singer SM. Complement Activation by Giardia duodenalis Parasites through the Lectin Pathway Contributes to Mast Cell Responses and Parasite Control. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1092-1099. [PMID: 26831470 PMCID: PMC4807472 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00074-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common causes of diarrheal disease in the world. While numerous studies have identified important contributions of adaptive immune responses to parasite control, much less work has examined innate immunity and its connections to the adaptive response during this infection. We explored the role of complement in immunity to Giardia using mice deficient in mannose-binding lectin (Mbl2) or complement factor 3a receptor (C3aR). Both strains exhibited delayed clearance of parasites and a reduced ability to recruit mast cells in the intestinal submucosa. C3aR-deficient mice had normal production of antiparasite IgA, butex vivo T cell recall responses were impaired. These data suggest that complement is a key factor in the innate recognition of Giardia and that recruitment of mast cells and activation of T cell immunity through C3a are important for parasite control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erqiu Li
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ernest A Tako
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Steven M Singer
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Luz PR, Miyazaki MI, Chiminacio Neto N, Padeski MC, Barros ACM, Boldt ABW, Messias-Reason IJ. Genetically Determined MBL Deficiency Is Associated with Protection against Chronic Cardiomyopathy in Chagas Disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004257. [PMID: 26745156 PMCID: PMC4706301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whose sugar moieties are recognized by mannan binding lectin (MBL), a soluble pattern-recognition molecule that activates the lectin pathway of complement. MBL levels and protein activity are affected by polymorphisms in the MBL2 gene. We sequenced the MBL2 promoter and exon 1 in 196 chronic CD patients and 202 controls. The MBL2*C allele, which causes MBL deficiency, was associated with protection against CD (P = 0.007, OR = 0.32). Compared with controls, genotypes with this allele were completely absent in patients with the cardiac form of the disease (P = 0.003). Furthermore, cardiac patients with genotypes causing MBL deficiency presented less heart damage (P = 0.003, OR = 0.23), compared with cardiac patients having the XA haplotype causing low MBL levels, but fully capable of activating complement (P = 0.005, OR = 7.07). Among the patients, those with alleles causing MBL deficiency presented lower levels of cytokines and chemokines possibly implicated in symptom development (IL9, p = 0.013; PDGFB, p = 0.036 and RANTES, p = 0.031). These findings suggest a protective effect of genetically determined MBL deficiency against the development and progression of chronic CD cardiomyopathy. Chagas disease is considered an important neglected tropical disease, affecting approximately ten million people in Latin America. Although most infected individuals remain asymptomatic, one third of patients develop a chronic heart disease, with progressive inflammation, increase of myocardium, arrhythmia, cardiac insufficiency and heart failure. To date, there is no available marker to indicate the progression neither to determinate the severity of heart damage. Mannan binding lectin (MBL) is an important protein of the immune system able to recognize specific regions on the microorganism surfaces (including Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease) which activate the complement system, a crucial mechanism of the effector immunity. MBL levels and protein activity are affected by genetic differences, named polymorphisms, in the MBL2 gene. This is the first Brazilian study with MBL2 polymorphisms in chronic Chagas disease. We sequenced two regions of MBL2 gene in 196 patients and 202 controls. We found that a polymorphism associated with deficient complement activation protects against Chagas disease and patients with deficiency-associated genotypes presented less echocardiographic alterations. Among the patients, those with alleles causing MBL deficiency presented lower levels of cytokines and chemokines possibly implicated in symptom development (IL9, p = 0.013; PDGFB, p = 0.036 and RANTES, p = 0.031). These findings lead us to suggest that genetically determined MBL deficiency plays a protective role against the development and progression of chronic Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rosa Luz
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular–Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Márcia I. Miyazaki
- Ambulatório de Atenção ao Paciente Chagásico—Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Nelson Chiminacio Neto
- Serviço de Ecocardiografia—Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Marcela C. Padeski
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular–Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Ana Cláudia M. Barros
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular–Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Angelica B. W. Boldt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular–Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana–Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Iara J. Messias-Reason
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular–Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Das BK, Panda AK. MBL-2 polymorphisms (codon 54 and Y-221X) and low MBL levels are associated with susceptibility to multi organ dysfunction in P. falciparum malaria in Odisha, India. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:778. [PMID: 26284055 PMCID: PMC4521172 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mannose binding lectin, a plasma protein protects host from virus, bacteria, and parasites. Deficiency in MBL levels has been associated with susceptibility to various infectious diseases including P. falciparum malaria. Common MBL polymorphisms in promoter and coding regions are associated with decrease in plasma MBL levels or production of deformed MBL, respectively. In the present study, we hypothesized that MBL2 variants and plasma MBL levels could be associated with different clinical phenotypes of severe P. falciparum malaria. Methods: A hospital based study was conducted in eastern Odisha, India which is endemic to P. falciparum malaria. Common MBL-2 polymorphisms (codon 54, H-550L, and Y-221X) were typed in 336 cases of severe malaria (SM) [94 cerebral malaria (CM), 120 multi-organ dysfunction (MOD), 122 non-cerebral severe malaria (NCSM)] and 131 un-complicated malaria patients (UM). Plasma MBL levels were quantified by ELISA. Results: Severe malaria patients displayed lower plasma levels of MBL compared to uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Furthermore, on categorization of severe malaria patients into various subtypes, plasma MBL levels were very low in MOD patients compared to other categories. Higher frequency of AB genotype and allele B was observed in MOD compared to UM (AB genotype: P = 0.006; B allele: P = 0.008). In addition, prevalence of YX genotype of MBL Y-221X polymorphism was also statistically more frequent in MOD case than UM (P = 0.009). Conclusions: The observations of the present study reveal that MBL-2 polymorphisms (codon 54 and Y-221X) and lower plasma MBL levels are associated with increased susceptibility to multi organ dysfunctions in P. falciparum malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bidyut K Das
- Department of Medicine, SCB Medical College Cuttack, India
| | - Aditya K Panda
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand Ranchi, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Association of TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, and TIRAP polymorphisms with disease susceptibility. Immunol Res 2015; 62:234-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
19
|
A vital role for complement in heart disease. Mol Immunol 2014; 61:126-34. [PMID: 25037633 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart diseases are common and significant contributors to worldwide mortality and morbidity. During recent years complement mediated inflammation has been shown to be an important player in a variety of heart diseases. Despite some negative results from clinical trials using complement inhibitors, emerging evidence points to an association between the complement system and heart diseases. Thus, complement seems to be important in coronary heart disease as well as in heart failure, where several studies underscore the prognostic importance of complement activation. Furthermore, patients with atrial fibrillation often share risk factors both with coronary heart disease and heart failure, and there is some evidence implicating complement activation in atrial fibrillation. Moreover, Chagas heart disease, a protozoal infection, is an important cause of heart failure in Latin America, and the complement system is crucial for the protozoa-host interaction. Thus, complement activation appears to be involved in the pathophysiology of a diverse range of cardiac conditions. Determination of the exact role of complement in the various heart diseases will hopefully help to identify patients that might benefit from therapeutic complement intervention.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghosh D, Stumhofer JS. Do you see what I see: Recognition of protozoan parasites by Toll-like receptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9:129-140. [PMID: 25383072 DOI: 10.2174/1573395509666131203225929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important for recognizing a variety of pathogens, including protozoan parasites, and initiating innate immune responses against them. TLRs are localized on the cell surface as well as in the endosome, and are implicated in innate sensing of these parasites. In this review, we will discuss recent findings on the identification of parasite-derived pathogen associated molecular patterns and the TLRs that bind them. The role of these TLRs in initiating the immune response against protozoan parasitic infections in vivo will be presented in the context of murine models of infection utilizing TLR-deficient mice. Additionally, we will explore evidence that TLRs and genetic variants of TLRs may impact the outcome of these parasitic infections in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debopam Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Jason S Stumhofer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Frade AF, Pissetti CW, Ianni BM, Saba B, Lin-Wang HT, Nogueira LG, de Melo Borges A, Buck P, Dias F, Baron M, Ferreira LRP, Schmidt A, Marin-Neto JA, Hirata M, Sampaio M, Fragata A, Pereira AC, Donadi E, Kalil J, Rodrigues V, Cunha-Neto E, Chevillard C. Genetic susceptibility to Chagas disease cardiomyopathy: involvement of several genes of the innate immunity and chemokine-dependent migration pathways. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:587. [PMID: 24330528 PMCID: PMC3866603 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is endemic in Latin America. Thirty percent of infected individuals develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), an inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy that is, by far, the most important clinical consequence of T. cruzi infection. The others remain asymptomatic (ASY). A possible genetic component to disease progression was suggested by familial aggregation of cases and the association of markers of innate and adaptive immunity genes with CCC development. Migration of Th1-type T cells play a major role in myocardial damage. METHODS Our genetic analysis focused on CCR5, CCL2 and MAL/TIRAP genes. We used the Tag SNPs based approach, defined to catch all the genetic information from each gene. The study was conducted on a large Brazilian population including 315 CCC cases and 118 ASY subjects. RESULTS The CCL2rs2530797A/A and TIRAPrs8177376A/A were associated to an increase susceptibility whereas the CCR5rs3176763C/C genotype is associated to protection to CCC. These associations were confirmed when we restricted the analysis to severe CCC, characterized by a left ventricular ejection fraction under 40%. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that polymorphisms affecting key molecules involved in several immune parameters (innate immunity signal transduction and T cell/monocyte migration) play a role in genetic susceptibility to CCC development. This also points out to the multigenic character of CCC, each polymorphism imparting a small contribution. The identification of genetic markers for CCC will provide information for pathogenesis as well as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Farage Frade
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, GIMP UMR_S906, Faculté de médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 05 13385, France
| | - Cristina Wide Pissetti
- Laboratory of Immunology, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), 40 Frei Paulino, Uberaba, MG 48036-180, Brazil
| | - Barbara Maria Ianni
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Saba
- Instituto de Cardiologia Dante Pazzanese (IDPC), Avenida Dante Pazzanese 500 - Ibirapuera, Sâo Paulo, SP 04012-909, Brazil
| | - Hui Tzu Lin-Wang
- Instituto de Cardiologia Dante Pazzanese (IDPC), Avenida Dante Pazzanese 500 - Ibirapuera, Sâo Paulo, SP 04012-909, Brazil
| | - Luciana Gabriel Nogueira
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariana de Melo Borges
- Laboratory of Immunology, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), 40 Frei Paulino, Uberaba, MG 48036-180, Brazil
| | - Paula Buck
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Dias
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 4900 - Monte Alegre 15059-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Baron
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto Ferreira
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
| | - Andre Schmidt
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 4900 - Monte Alegre 15059-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Marin-Neto
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 4900 - Monte Alegre 15059-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Hirata
- Instituto de Cardiologia Dante Pazzanese (IDPC), Avenida Dante Pazzanese 500 - Ibirapuera, Sâo Paulo, SP 04012-909, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sampaio
- Instituto de Cardiologia Dante Pazzanese (IDPC), Avenida Dante Pazzanese 500 - Ibirapuera, Sâo Paulo, SP 04012-909, Brazil
| | - Abílio Fragata
- Instituto de Cardiologia Dante Pazzanese (IDPC), Avenida Dante Pazzanese 500 - Ibirapuera, Sâo Paulo, SP 04012-909, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Costa Pereira
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Donadi
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 4900 - Monte Alegre 15059-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunology, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), 40 Frei Paulino, Uberaba, MG 48036-180, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
| | - Christophe Chevillard
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, GIMP UMR_S906, Faculté de médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 05 13385, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ziakas PD, Prodromou ML, El Khoury J, Zintzaras E, Mylonakis E. The role of TLR4 896 A>G and 1196 C>T in susceptibility to infections: a review and meta-analysis of genetic association studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81047. [PMID: 24282567 PMCID: PMC3840016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptor 4 plays a role in pathogen recognition, and common polymorphisms may alter host susceptibility to infectious diseases. Purpose To review the association of two common polymorphisms (TLR4 896A>G and TLR4 1196C>T) with infectious diseases. Data Sources We searched PubMed and EMBASE up to March 2013 for pertinent literature in English, and complemented search with references lists of eligible studies. Study Selection We included all studies that: reported an infectious outcome; had a case-control design and reported the TLR4 896A>G and/or TLR4 1196C>T genotype frequencies; 59 studies fulfilled these criteria and were analyzed. Data Extraction Two authors independently extracted study data. Data Synthesis The generalized odds ratio metric (ORG) was used to quantify the impact of TLR4 variants on disease susceptibility. A meta-analysis was undertaken for outcomes reported in >1 study. Eleven of 37 distinct outcomes were significant. TLR4 896 A>G increased risk for all parasitic infections (ORG 1.59; 95%CI 1.05-2.42), malaria (1.31; 95%CI 1.04-1.66), brucellosis (2.66; 95%CI 1.66-4.27), cutaneous leishmaniasis (7.22; 95%CI 1.91-27.29), neurocysticercosis (4.39; 95%CI 2.53-7.61), Streptococcus pyogenes tonsillar disease (2.93; 95%CI 1.24-6.93) , typhoid fever (2.51; 95%CI 1.18-5.34) and adult urinary tract infections (1.98; 95%CI 1.04-3.98), but was protective for leprosy (0.36; 95%CI 0.22-0.60). TLR4 1196 C>T effects were similar to TLR4 896 A>G for brucellosis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, leprosy, typhoid fever and S. pyogenes tonsillar disease, and was protective for bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy (0.55; 95%CI 0.31-0.98) and Haemophilus influenzae tonsillar disease (0.42; 95%CI 0.17-1.00). The majority of significant associations were among predominantly Asian populations and significant associations were rare among European populations. Conclusions Depending on the type of infection and population, TLR4 polymorphisms are associated with increased, decreased or no difference in infectious disease. This may be due to differential functional expression of TLR4, the co-segregation of TLR4 variants or a favorable inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis D. Ziakas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Prodromou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Joseph El Khoury
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts,United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elias Zintzaras
- Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biomathematics, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pothlichet J, Quintana-Murci L. The genetics of innate immunity sensors and human disease. Int Rev Immunol 2013; 32:157-208. [PMID: 23570315 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.777064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery, innate immunity microbial sensors have been increasingly studied and shown to play a critical role in innate responses to microbes in several experimental in vitro, ex vivo, and animal models. However, their role in the human response to infection in natural conditions has just started to be deciphered, by means of clinical studies of primary immunodeficiencies and epidemiological genetic studies. Here, we summarize the major findings concerning the genetic diversity of the various families of microbial sensors in humans, and of other molecules involved in the signaling pathways they trigger. Specifically, we review the genetic associations, revealed by both clinical and epidemiological genetics studies, of microbial sensors from five different families: Toll-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, NOD-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors. In particular, we consider the relationships between variation at the genes encoding these molecules and susceptibility to and the severity of infectious diseases and other clinical conditions associated with immune dysfunction, including autoimmunity, inflammation, allergy, and cancer. Despite the fact that the genetic links between innate immunity sensors and human disorders remain still limited, human genetics studies are increasingly improving our understanding of the genuine functions of microbial sensors and downstream signaling molecules in the natural setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pothlichet
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rothfuchs AG, Roffê E, Gibson A, Cheever AW, Ezekowitz RAB, Takahashi K, Steindel M, Sher A, Báfica A. Mannose-binding lectin regulates host resistance and pathology during experimental infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47835. [PMID: 23139754 PMCID: PMC3490958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a humoral pattern-recognition molecule important for host defense. Although recent genetic studies suggest an involvement of MBL/MASP2-associated pathways in Chagas’ disease, it is currently unknown whether MBL plays a role in host resistance to the intracellular protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease. In this study we employed MBL−/− mice to assess the role of MBL in resistance to experimental infection with T. cruzi. T. cruzi infection enhanced tissue expression of MBL both at the mRNA and protein level. Similarly, symptomatic acute Chagas’ disease patients displayed increased serum concentrations of MBL compared to patients with indeterminate, asymptomatic forms of the disease. Furthermore, increased parasite loads in the blood and/or tissue were observed in MBL−/− mice compared to WT controls. This was associated with reduced systemic levels of IL-12/23p40 in MBL−/− mice. Importantly, MBL−/− mice infected with a cardiotropic strain of T. cruzi displayed increased myocarditis and cardiac fibrosis compared to WT controls. The latter was accompanied by elevated hydroxyproline content and mRNA levels of collagen-1 and -6 in the heart. These observations point to a previously unappreciated role for MBL in regulating host resistance and cardiac inflammation during infection with a major human pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gigliotti Rothfuchs
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (AGR); (AB)
| | - Ester Roffê
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amanda Gibson
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Allen W. Cheever
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Biomedical Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - R. Alan B. Ezekowitz
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kazue Takahashi
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mario Steindel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - André Báfica
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AGR); (AB)
| |
Collapse
|