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Weber AV, Firth BL, Cadonic IG, Craig PM. Interactive effects of venlafaxine and thermal stress on zebrafish (Danio rerio) inflammatory and heat shock responses. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 269:109620. [PMID: 37004898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Venlafaxine (VFX), a commonly prescribed antidepressant often detected in wastewater effluent, and acute temperature elevations from climate change and increased urbanization, are two environmental stressors currently placing freshwater ecosystems at risk. This study focused on understanding if exposure to VFX impacts the agitation temperature (Tag) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Additionally, we examined the interactive effects of VFX and acute thermal stress on zebrafish heat shock and inflammatory immune responses. A 96 h 1.0 μg/L VFX exposure experiment was conducted, followed by assessment of thermal tolerance via CTmax challenge. Heat shock proteins and pro-inflammatory immune cytokines were quantified through gene expression analysis by quantitative PCR (qPCR) on hsp 70, hsp 90, hsp 47, il-8, tnfα, and il-1β within gill and liver tissue. No significant changes in agitation temperature between control and exposed fish were observed, nor were there any differences in CTmax based on treatment. Unsurprisingly, hsp 47, 70, and 90 were all upregulated in groups exposed solely to CTmax, while only hsp 47 within gill tissue showed signs of interactive effects, which was significantly decreased in fish exposed to both VFX and CTmax. No induction of an inflammatory response occurred. This study demonstrated that environmentally relevant concentrations of VFX have no impact on thermal tolerance performance in zebrafish. However, VFX can cause diminished function of protective heat shock mechanisms, which could be detrimental to freshwater fish populations and aquatic ecosystems as temperature spikes become more frequent from climate change and urbanization near watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Weber
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - B L Firth
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. https://twitter.com/@Britney_Firth
| | - I G Cadonic
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. https://twitter.com/@IvanCadonic
| | - P M Craig
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Effect of Glucocorticosteroids in Diamond-Blackfan Anaemia: Maybe Not as Elusive as It Seems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031886. [PMID: 35163808 PMCID: PMC8837118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA) is a red blood cell aplasia that in the majority of cases is associated with ribosomal protein (RP) aberrations. However, the mechanism by which this disorder leads to such a specific phenotype remains unclear. Even more elusive is the reason why non-specific agents such as glucocorticosteroids (GCs), also known as glucocorticoids, are an effective therapy for DBA. In this review, we (1) explore why GCs are successful in DBA treatment, (2) discuss the effect of GCs on erythropoiesis, and (3) summarise the GC impact on crucial pathways deregulated in DBA. Furthermore, we show that GCs do not regulate DBA erythropoiesis via a single mechanism but more likely via several interdependent pathways.
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Luu I, Ikert H, Craig PM. Chronic exposure to anthropogenic and climate related stressors alters transcriptional responses in the liver of zebrafish (Danio rerio) across multiple generations. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108918. [PMID: 33141083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The antidepressant, venlafaxine (VFX), and climate change stressors, such as increased water temperature and decreased dissolved oxygen, are current threats to aquatic environments. This study aimed to determine how microRNAs (miRNAs) and predicted targeted transcripts were altered in livers of zebrafish exposed to these stressors, and livers of their un-exposed F1 and F2 offspring. Following a 21 day exposure to multiple stressors (1 μg/L VFX, +5 °C ambient, 50% O2), then a subsequent 21 day recovery, relative abundances of cyp3a65, hsp70, hsp90, and ppargc1a and miRNAs predicted to target them (miR-142a, miR-16c, miR-181c, and miR-129, respectively) were measured in the liver via quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). There were significant decreases in miR-142a in the exposed F0 generation and the exposed F1 generation. While there were no changes detected in cyp3a65 relative abundance, there was a significant inverse relationship between cyp3a65 and miR-142a. Hsp70 expression significantly increased in the F1 generation, which persisted to the F2 generation and the relative abundance of hsp90 significantly increased in all generations. There was a significant reduction in miR-181c in the F1 generation, but there was no significant relationship between miR-181c and hsp90. Finally, there was a significant decrease in ppargc1a relative abundance in the F1 generation which was associated with an increase in miR-129. Combined, these results suggest that parental exposure to multiple, environmentally relevant stressors can confer transcriptional and epigenetic responses in the F1 and F2 generations, although identifying which stressor is a driving force becomes unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Luu
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Ikert
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Paul M Craig
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
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Sahoo S, S. B. Pharmacogenomic assessment of herbal drugs in affective disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:1148-1162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Benatti C, Alboni S, Blom JMC, Mendlewicz J, Tascedda F, Brunello N. Molecular changes associated with escitalopram response in a stress-based model of depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 87:74-82. [PMID: 29049934 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence points at hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity and neuroinflammation as important factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and in therapeutic efficacy of antidepressants. In this study, we examined the molecular effects associated with a response to a week-long treatment with escitalopram in the chronic escape deficit (CED) model, a validated model of depression based on the induction of an escape deficit after exposure of rats to an unavoidable stress. We confirmed our previous result that a treatment with escitalopram (10mg/kg) was effective after 7days in reverting the stress-induced escape deficit in approximately 50% of the animals, separating responders from non-responders. Expression of markers of HPA axis functionality as well as several inflammatory mediators were evaluated in the hypothalamus, a key structure integrating signals from the neuro, immune, endocrine systems. In the hypothalamus of responder animals we observed a decrease in the expression of CRH and its receptors and an increase in GR protein in total and nuclear extracts; this effect was accompanied by a significant decrease in circulating corticosterone in the same cohort. Hypothalamic IL-1β and TNFα expression were increased in stressed animals, while CXCL2, IL-6, and ADAM17 mRNA levels were decreased in escitalopram treated rats regardless of the treatment response. These data suggest that efficacy of a one week treatment with escitalopram may be partially mediated by a decrease HPA axis activity, while in the hypothalamus the drug-induced effects on the expression of immune modulators did not correlate with the behavioural outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Silvia Alboni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Joan M C Blom
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Education and Human Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Viale Antonio Allegri 9, 42121, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Julien Mendlewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, 808 Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabio Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Brunello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Doh MS, Han DMR, Oh DH, Kim SH, Choi MR, Chai YG. Profiling of Proteins Regulated by Venlafaxine during Neural Differentiation of Human Cells. Psychiatry Investig 2015; 12:81-91. [PMID: 25670950 PMCID: PMC4310925 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2015.12.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antidepressants are known to positively influence several factors in patients with depressive disorders, resulting in increased neurogenesis and subsequent relief of depressive disorders. To study the effects of venlafaxine during neural differentiation at the cellular level, we looked at its effect on protein expression and regulation mechanisms during neural differentiation. METHODS After exposing NCCIT cell-derived EBs to venlafaxine during differentiation (1 day and 7 days), changes in protein expression were analyzed by 2-DE and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Gene levels of proteins regulated by venlafaxine were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Treatment with venlafaxine decreased expression of prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4HB), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2K (HIP2) and plastin 3 (T-plastin), and up-regulated expression of growth factor beta-3 (TGF-β3), dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 (DPYSL3), and pyruvate kinase (PKM) after differentiation for 1 and 7 days. In cells exposed to venlafaxine, the mRNA expression patterns of HIP2 and PKM, which function as negative and positive regulators of differentiation and neuronal survival, respectively, were consistent with the observed changes in protein expression. CONCLUSION Our findings may contribute to improve understanding of molecular mechanism of venlafaxine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Sook Doh
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal Mu Ri Han
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Oh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine and Institute of Mental Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyeon Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine and Institute of Mental Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Choi
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Gust M, Fortier M, Garric J, Fournier M, Gagné F. Effects of short-term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of different pharmaceutical mixtures on the immune response of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 445-446:210-218. [PMID: 23333517 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are pollutants of potential concern in the aquatic environment where they are commonly introduced as complex mixtures via municipal effluents. Many reports underline the effects of pharmaceuticals on immune system of non target species. Four drug mixtures were tested, and regrouped pharmaceuticals by main therapeutic use: psychiatric (venlafaxine, carbamazepine, diazepam), antibiotic (ciprofloxacine, erythromycin, novobiocin, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim), hypolipemic (atorvastatin, gemfibrozil, benzafibrate) and antihypertensive (atenolol, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril). Their effects were then compared with a treated municipal effluent known for its contamination, and its effects on the immune response of Lymnaea stagnalis. Adult L. stagnalis were exposed for 3 days to an environmentally relevant concentration of the four mixtures individually and as a global mixture. Effects on immunocompetence (hemocyte viability and count, ROS and thiol levels, phagocytosis) and gene expression were related to the immune response and oxidative stress: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGPx), two isoforms of the nitric oxide synthetase gene (NOS1 and NOS2), molluscan defensive molecule (MDM), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF) and heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70). Immunocompetence was differently affected by the therapeutic class mixtures compared to the global mixture, which increased hemocyte count, ROS levels and phagocytosis, and decreased intracellular thiol levels. TLR4 gene expression was the most strongly increased, especially by psychiatric mixture (19-fold), while AIF-1, GR and CAT genes were downregulated. A decision tree analysis revealed that the immunotoxic responses caused by the municipal effluent were comparable to those obtained with the global pharmaceutical mixture, and the latter shared similarity with the antibiotic mixture. This suggests that pharmaceutical mixtures in municipal effluents represent a risk for gastropods at the immunocompetence levels and the antibiotic group could represent a model therapeutic class for municipal effluent toxicity studies in L. stagnalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gust
- IRSTEA, UR MAEP, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, 3 bis quai Chauveau, 69009 Lyon, France.
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Zhong JM, Wu SY, Bai J, Guo Q, Tao J, Chen H, Zhao NW, Zhao Z, Fu H. Antidepressant effect of geranylgeranylacetone in a chronic mild stress model of depression and its possible mechanism. Exp Ther Med 2012; 4:627-632. [PMID: 23170116 PMCID: PMC3501402 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a highly debilitating and widely distributed illness in the general population. Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), a non-toxic anti-ulcer drug, has been reported to have protective effects in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to determine the antidepressant effect of GGA in a chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression. We confirmed that CMS in rats caused a reduction in locomotor activity and an increase in the levels of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) and caspase-3 in the hippocampus. GGA treatment reversed stress-induced alterations in locomotor activity and target levels of MAO-A and caspase-3. In addition, GGA treatment induced heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that GGA possesses an antidepressant activity in a CMS model of depression. The activity of GGA in the relief of depression may be mediated via the induction of Hsp70 expression to suppress MAO-A expression and the apoptosis cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Mei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunhua Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032
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Choi MR, Oh DH, Kim SH, Jung KH, Das ND, Chai YG. Fluoxetine increases the expression of NCAM140 and pCREB in rat C6 glioma cells. Psychiatry Investig 2012; 9:180-6. [PMID: 22707970 PMCID: PMC3372567 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2012.9.2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysfunction of neural plasticity in the brain is known to alter neural networks, resulting in depression. To understand how fluoxetine regulates molecules involved in neural plasticity, the expression levels of NCAM, NCAM140, CREB and pCREB, in rat C6 glioma cells after fluoxetine treatment were examined. METHODS C6 cells were cultured after 20 min or after 6, 24 or 72 h treatments with 10 µM fluoxetine. Immunocytochemistry was used to determine the effect of fluoxetine on the expression of NCAM. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression levels of NCAM140 and CREB and the induction of pCREB after fluoxetine treatment. RESULTS NCAM expression following 72-h fluoxetine treatment was significantly increased around cell membranes compared to control cells. Cells treated with fluoxetine for 6 and 72 h showed a significant increase in NCAM140 expression compared to cells treated for 20 min. The level of pCREB in the cells treated with fluoxetine for 72 h not only increased more than 60%, but was also significantly different when compared with the other treatment times. The 72-h fluoxetine treatment led to the increase of NCAM140 and the phosphorylation of CREB in C6 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that fluoxetine treatment regulates neuronal plasticity and neurite outgrowth by phosphorylating and activating CREB via the NCAM140 homophilic interaction-induced activation of the Ras-MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ran Choi
- Division of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Oh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine and Institute of Mental Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Hyeon Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine and Institute of Mental Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Jung
- Division of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Nando Dulal Das
- Division of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Division of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
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