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Park YM. Difference between Quantitative Electroencephalography, Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potential, and Mismatch Negativity between a Manic and a Depressive Episode in a Single Bipolar Patient with Mixed Features. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 22:383-386. [PMID: 38627086 PMCID: PMC11024690 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This study compares the changes in Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG), loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP), and mismatch negativity (MMN) in the case of bipolar depression, mania, and euthymia in a single patient. the characteristic of QEEG in this patient with mixed depression was an increase in alpha; in mixed mania, there was little increase in alpha, and the decrease in delta, theta, and beta was noticeable. LDAEP increased more in the manic phase than in the depressive phase. In contrast, MMN decreased more in the manic than in the depressive phase. After remission of mania, QEEG, LDAEP, and MMN were re-measured. Compared with the manic phase, the decrease in delta, theta, and beta bands in the occipital, temporal, and parietal lobes improved significantly. The LDAEP decreased from LDAEP 1.67 to 0.97. However, in spite of the euthymic phase, MMN amplitude showed a further decrease, from -1.7 to -0.9. In conclusion, using QEEG, LDAEP, and MMN can help clinicians predict a patient's bipolar state and evaluate serotonin intensity and cognitive function, enabling customized treatment. However, there are still few consistent research results; therefore, there is a need to utilize a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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Fitzgerald PJ. Affective disorders and the loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential: Serotonin and beyond. Neurosci Lett 2024; 827:137734. [PMID: 38499279 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Identifying additional noninvasive biomarkers for affective disorders, such as unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), could aid in the diagnosis and treatment of these prevalent and debilitating neuropsychiatric conditions. One such candidate biomarker is the loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP), an event-related potential that measures responsiveness of the auditory cortex to different intensities of sound. The LDAEP has been associated with MDD and BD, including therapeutic response to particular classes of antidepressant drugs, while also correlating with several other neuropsychiatric disorders. It has been suggested that increased values of the LDAEP indicate low central serotonergic neurotransmission, further implicating this EEG measure in depression. Here, we briefly review the literature on the LDAEP in affective disorders, including its association with serotonergic signaling, as well as with that of other neurotransmitters such as dopamine. We summarize key findings on the LDAEP and the genetics of these neurotransmitters, as well as prediction of response to particular classes of antidepressants in MDD, including SSRIs versus noradrenergic agents. The possible relationship between this EEG measure and suicidality is addressed. We also briefly analyze acute pharmacologic studies of serotonin and/or dopamine precursor depletion and the LDAEP. In conclusion, the existing literature suggests that serotonin and norepinephrine may modulate the LDAEP in an opposing manner, and that this event-related marker may be of use in predicting response to chronic treatment with particular pharmacologic agents in the context of affective disorders, such as MDD and BD, including in the presence of suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Ortega MA, Álvarez-Mon MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martínez Ó, Monserrat J, Martinez-Rozas L, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Álvarez-Mon M, Lahera G. Microbiota-gut-brain axis mechanisms in the complex network of bipolar disorders: potential clinical implications and translational opportunities. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2645-2673. [PMID: 36707651 PMCID: PMC10615769 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorders (BD) represent a severe leading disabling mental condition worldwide characterized by episodic and often progressive mood fluctuations with manic and depressive stages. The biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of BD remain incompletely understood, but it seems that there is a complex picture of genetic and environmental factors implicated. Nowadays, gut microbiota is in the spotlight of new research related to this kind of psychiatric disorder, as it can be consistently related to several pathophysiological events observed in BD. In the context of the so-called microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, it is shown to have a strong influence on host neuromodulation and endocrine functions (i.e., controlling the synthesis of neurotransmitters like serotonin or mediating the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), as well as in modulation of host immune responses, critically regulating intestinal, systemic and brain inflammation (neuroinflammation). The present review aims to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms derived from the MGB axis disruption and possible therapeutic approaches mainly focusing on gut microbiota in the complex network of BD. Understanding the mechanisms of gut microbiota and its bidirectional communication with the immune and other systems can shed light on the discovery of new therapies for improving the clinical management of these patients. Besides, the effect of psychiatric drugs on gut microbiota currently used in BD patients, together with new therapeutical approaches targeting this ecosystem (dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, and other novelties) will also be contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Angel Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Martinez-Rozas
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (Imas 12)/CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias (CIBEREHD), Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Fujita K, Takeuchi N, Sugiyama S, Inui K, Fujita Y, Yamaba A, Kamiya T, Kanemoto K, Nishihara M. Relationship of loudness-dependent auditory evoked potentials with change-related cortical responses. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277153. [PMID: 36342917 PMCID: PMC9639826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that change-related cortical responses are phenomena similar to the onset response and could be applied to the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) paradigm. In the present study, we examined the relationship between LDAEP and the change-related response using electroencephalography findings in 50 healthy subjects. There were five conditions (55, 65, 75, 85, and 95 dB) for LDAEP and five similar conditions (abrupt sound pressure increase from 70 to 75, 80, 85, 90, and 95 dB) for the change-related response. Both the onset and abrupt sound pressure increase evoked a triphasic response with peaks at approximately 50 (P50), 100 (N100), and 200 (P200) ms. We calculated the peak-to-peak amplitudes for P50/N100 and N100/P200. Medians and slopes for P50/N100 and N100/P200 amplitudes were calculated and compared between the two measures. Results revealed a significant correlation for both the slope and median for P50/N100 (r = 0.36, 0.37, p = 1.0 × 10−2, 7.9 × 10−3), N100/P200 (r = 0.40, 0.34, p = 4.0 × 10−3, 1.6 × 10−2), and P50/N100/P200 (r = 0.36, 0.35, p = 1.0 × 10−2, 1.3 × 10−2). These results suggested that the change-related response and LDAEP shared generation mechanisms at least partially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Fujita
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Central clinical laboratory, Aichi medical university Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Ami Yamaba
- Central clinical laboratory, Aichi medical university Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Taeko Kamiya
- Central clinical laboratory, Aichi medical university Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kanemoto
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kamibayashi memorial Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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Tang E, Zhang M, Chen Y, Lin Y, Ding H. Recognition of affective prosody in bipolar and depressive conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 313:126-136. [PMID: 35780961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inconsistent results have been reported about the affective prosody recognition (APR) ability in patients with bipolar (BD) and depressive (DD) disorders. We aimed to (i) evaluate the magnitude of APR dysfunction in BD and DD patients, (ii) identify moderators for heterogeneous results, and (iii) highlight research trends in this field. METHODS A computerized literature search was conducted in five electronic databases from the inception to May 9th, 2022 to identify behavioural experiments that studied APR in BD or DD patients. Effect sizes were calculated using a random-effect model and recalculated after removing outliers and adjusting publication bias. RESULTS Twelve eligible articles totalling 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis, aggregating 612 patients and 809 healthy controls. Individual r2 ranged from 0.008 to 0.355, six of which reached a medium-to-large association strength. A medium-to-large pooled effect size (Hedges g = -0.58, 95 % CI -0.75 to -0.40, p < 0.001) for overall APR impairment in BD and DD patients was obtained. The Beck Depression Inventory score and answer option number were significant moderators. Neuropsychological mechanisms, multi-modal interaction and comorbidity effects have become primary research concerns. LIMITATIONS Extant statistics were insufficient for disorder-specific analysis. CONCLUSIONS Current findings demonstrate deficits of overall APR in BD and DD patients at a medium-to-large magnitude. APR can clinically serve for early screening and prognosis, but the depression severity, task complexity and confounding variables influence patients' APR performance. Future studies should incorporate neuroimaging approaches and investigate the effects of tonal language stimuli and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enze Tang
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Minyue Zhang
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Hongwei Ding
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
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Jang KI, Kim S, Lee C, Chae JH. Association between the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials and age in patients with schizophrenia and depression. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221109789. [PMID: 35808808 PMCID: PMC9274422 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221109789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although serotonergic dysfunction is significantly associated with major
depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), comparison of
serotonergic dysfunction in both diseases has received little attention.
Serotonin hypotheses have suggested diminished and elevated serotonin
activity in MDD and SCZ, respectively. However, the foundations underlying
these hypotheses are unclear regarding changes in serotonin
neurotransmission in the aging brain. The loudness dependence of auditory
evoked potentials (LDAEP) reflects serotonin neurotransmission. The present
study compared the LDAEP between patients with SCZ or MDD and healthy
controls (HCs). We further examined whether age was correlated with the
LDAEP and clinical symptoms. Methods This prospective clinical study included 105 patients with SCZ (n = 54) or
MDD (n = 51). Additionally, 35 HCs were recruited for this study. The LDAEP
was measured on the midline channels via 62 electroencephalography
channels. Results Patients with SCZ or MDD showed a significantly smaller mean LDAEP than those
in HCs. The LDAEP was positively correlated with age in patients with SCZ or
MDD. Conclusions Changes in central serotonergic activity could be indicated by evaluating the
LDAEP in patients with SCZ or MDD. Age-related reductions in serotonergic
activity may be screened using the LDAEP in patients with SCZ or MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-In Jang
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- Department of Human-Computer Interaction, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chany Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Pacholko AG, Bekar LK. Lithium orotate: A superior option for lithium therapy? Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2262. [PMID: 34196467 PMCID: PMC8413749 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) poses a significant public health concern, with roughly one-quarter of sufferers attempting suicide. BD is characterized by manic and depressive mood cycles, the recurrence of which can be effectively curtailed through lithium therapy. Unfortunately, the most frequently employed lithium salt, lithium carbonate (Li2 CO3 ), is associated with a host of adverse health outcomes following chronic use: these unwanted effects range from relatively minor inconveniences (e.g., polydipsia and polyuria) to potentially major complications (e.g., hypothyroidism and/or renal impairment). As these undesirable effects can limit patient compliance, an alternative lithium compound with a lesser toxicity profile would dramatically improve treatment efficacy and outcomes. Lithium orotate (LiC5 H3 N2 O4 ; henceforth referred to as LiOr), a compound largely abandoned since the late 1970s, may represent such an alternative. LiOr is proposed to cross the blood-brain barrier and enter cells more readily than Li2 CO3 , which will theoretically allow for reduced dosage requirements and ameliorated toxicity concerns. This review addresses the controversial history of LiOr, complete with discussions of experimental and clinical efficacy, putative mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and its potential future in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G Pacholko
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lane K Bekar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonergic dysfunction may play an important role in motor and nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) has been used to evaluate serotonergic activity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine central serotonergic activity using LDAEP in de novo PD according to the age at onset and changes in serotonergic activity after dopaminergic treatment. METHODS A total of 30 patients with unmedicated PD, 16 in the early-onset and 14 in the late-onset groups, were enrolled. All subjects underwent comprehensive neurological examination, laboratory tests, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, and LDAEP. The LDAEP was calculated as the slope of the two N1/P2 peaks measured at the Cz electrode, first at baseline conditions (pretreatment) and a second time after 12 weeks (post-treatment) following dopaminergic medications. RESULTS The absolute values of pretreatment N1/P2 LDAEP (early-onset: late-onset, 0.99 ± 0.68: 1.62 ± 0.88, p = 0.035) and post-treatment N1 LDAEP (early-onset: late-onset, -0.61 ± 0.61: -1.26 ± 0.91, p = 0.03) were significantly lower in the early-onset group compared with those of the late-onset group. In addition, a higher value of pretreatment N1/P2 LDAEP was significantly correlated with the late-onset group (coefficient = 1.204, p = 0.044). The absolute value of the N1 LDAEP decreased after 12 weeks of taking dopaminergic medication (pretreatment: post-treatment, -1.457 ± 1.078: -0.904 ± 0.812, p = 0.0018). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this study, LDAEP could be a marker for serotonergic neurotransmission in PD. Central serotonergic activity assessed by LDAEP may be more preserved in early-onset PD patients and can be altered with dopaminergic medication.
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Mismatch Negativity and Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, and Bipolar I Disorder. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110789. [PMID: 33126640 PMCID: PMC7692302 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) and loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP), which are event-related potentials, have been investigated as biomarkers. MMN indicates the pre-attentive function, while LDAEP may be an index of central serotonergic activity. This study aimed to test whether MMN and LDAEP are useful biological markers for distinguishing patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as the relationship between MMN and LDAEP. Fifty-five patients with major depressive episodes, aged 20 to 65 years, who had MDD (n = 17), BD type II (BIID) (n = 27), and BD type I (BID) (n = 11), were included based on medical records. Patients with MDD had a higher MMN amplitude than those with BID. In addition, the MMN amplitude in F4 positively correlated with the Korean version of mood disorder questionnaire scores (r = 0.37, p = 0.014), while the MMN amplitude in F3 correlated negatively with LDAEP (r = −0.30, p = 0.024). The odds ratios for the BID group and some variables were compared with those for the MDD group using multinomial logistic regression analysis. As a result, a significant reduction of MMN amplitude was found under BID diagnosis compared to MDD diagnosis (p = 0.015). This study supported the hypothesis that MMN amplitude differed according to MDD, BIID, and BID, and there was a relationship between MMN amplitude and LDAEP. These findings also suggested that BID patients had a reduced automatic and pre-attentive processing associated with serotonergic activity or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.
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Sayad A, Shams J, Raouf Sarvar S, Omrani MD, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Assessment of association between the rs2270637 polymorphism of VMAT1 gene and risk of bipolar and major depressive disorders. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Pillai RLI, Bartlett EA, Ananth MR, Zhu C, Yang J, Hajcak G, Parsey RV, DeLorenzo C. Examining the underpinnings of loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials with positron emission tomography. Neuroimage 2020; 213:116733. [PMID: 32169543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) has long been considered to reflect central basal serotonin transmission. However, the relationship between LDAEP and individual serotonin receptors and transporters has not been fully explored in humans and may involve other neurotransmitter systems. To examine LDAEP's relationship with the serotonin system, we performed PET using serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) imaging via [11C]CUMI-101 and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) imaging via [11C]DASB on a mixed sample of healthy controls (n = 4: 4 females, 0 males), patients with unipolar (MDD, n = 11: 4 females, 7 males) and bipolar depression (BD, n = 8: 4 females, 4 males). On these same participants, we also performed electroencephalography (EEG) within a week of PET scanning, using 1000 Hz tones of varying intensity to evoke LDAEP. We then evaluated the relationship between LDAEP and 5-HT1A or 5-HTT binding in both the raphe (5-HT1A)/midbrain (5-HTT) areas and in the temporal cortex. We found that LDAEP was significantly correlated with 5-HT1A positively and with 5-HTT negatively in the temporal cortex (p < 0.05), but not correlated with either in midbrain or raphe. In males only, exploratory analysis showed multiple regions in which LDAEP significantly correlated with 5-HT1A throughout the brain; we did not find this with 5-HTT. This multimodal study partially validates preclinical models of a serotonergic influence on LDAEP. Replication in larger samples is necessary to further clarify our understanding of the role of serotonin in perception of auditory tones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth A Bartlett
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States
| | - Mala R Ananth
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, United States
| | - Chencan Zhu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, United States
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Psychology, Florida State University, United States
| | - Ramin V Parsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, United States
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, United States
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Intensity Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials in Primary Dysmenorrhea. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2017; 18:1324-1332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Lee BH, Park YM. How Childhood Maltreatment Is Related to Suicidality, Bipolarity and Central Serotonergic Activity in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. Psychiatry Investig 2016; 13:190-5. [PMID: 27081379 PMCID: PMC4823194 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.2.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to determine whether childhood maltreatment contributes to the occurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) with bipolarity, and whether there is a relationship between central serotonergic activity, as assessed using loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP), and childhood maltreatment. METHODS Thirty-five MDD patients were stratified according to the presence or absence of childhood trauma into two subgroups, childhood trauma (CT) and no childhood trauma (NCT), using the Korean version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (K-CTQ). The CT group was subjected to further analysis. Several psychometric ratings were also applied. In addition, auditory processing for the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP), which was used as a marker of serotonergic activity, was measured before beginning medication. RESULTS There was a significant difference in total Korean Bipolar Spectrum Disorder Scale score between the CT and NCT groups (t=-2.14, p=0.04). The total K-CTQ score was positively correlated with the total Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) score (r=0.36, p=0.036). In particular, emotional abuse was positively correlated with the total Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (r=0.38, p=0.026), BSS (r=0.38, p=0.025), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) (r=0.36, p=0.035) scores. There was also a positive correlation between LDAEP and total Hypomania Personality Scale (r=0.49, p=0.02) and HAMD (r=0.58, p=0.004) scores within CT group. CONCLUSION The findings of this study support that there is a relationship between childhood maltreatment and bipolarity in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bun-Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Eunpyeong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Jang KI, Lee SH, Huh HJ, Chae JH. Influence of the 5-HT3A Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Childhood Sexual Trauma on Central Serotonin Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145269. [PMID: 26701104 PMCID: PMC4689356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gene-environment interactions are important for understanding alterations in human brain function. The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) is known to reflect central serotonergic activity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5-HT3A serotonin receptor gene are associated with psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect between 5-HT3A receptor gene polymorphisms and childhood sexual trauma on the LDAEP as an electrophysiological marker in healthy subjects. Methods A total of 206 healthy subjects were recruited and evaluated using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Peak-to-peak N1/P2 was measured at five stimulus intensities, and the LDAEP was calculated as the linear-regression slope. In addition, the rs1062613 SNPs of 5-HT3A (CC, CT, and TT) were analyzed in healthy subjects. Results There was a significant interaction between scores on the CTQ-sexual abuse subscale and 5-HT3A genotype on the LDAEP. Subjects with the CC polymorphism had a significantly higher LDEAP than T carriers in the sexually abused group. In addition, CC genotype subjects in the sexually abused group showed a significantly higher LDAEP compared with CC genotype subjects in the non-sexually abused group. Conclusions Our findings suggest that people with the CC polymorphism of the 5-HT3A gene have a greater risk of developing mental health problems if they have experienced childhood sexual abuse, possibly due to low central serotonin activity. Conversely, the T polymorphism may be protective against any central serotonergic changes following childhood sexual trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-In Jang
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyu Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Hagenmuller F, Heekeren K, Meier M, Theodoridou A, Walitza S, Haker H, Rössler W, Kawohl W. The Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials (LDAEP) in individuals at risk for developing bipolar disorders and schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 127:1342-1350. [PMID: 26639170 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials (LDAEP) is considered as an indicator of central serotonergic activity. Alteration of serotonergic neurotransmission was reported in bipolar disorders and schizophrenia. In line with previous reports on clinically manifest disorders, we expected a weaker LDAEP in subjects at risk for bipolar disorders and schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. METHODS We analyzed LDAEP of individuals at risk for developing bipolar disorders (n=27), with high-risk status (n=74) and ultra-high-risk status for schizophrenia (n=86) and healthy controls (n=47). RESULTS The LDAEP did not differ between subjects at risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorders and controls. Among subjects without medication (n=122), the at-risk-bipolar group showed a trend towards a weaker LDAEP than both the high-risk and the ultra-high-risk groups for schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS The LDAEP did not appear as a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia or bipolar disorders. This suggests that an altered LDAEP may not be measurable until the onset of clinically manifest disorder. However, the hypothesis that pathogenic mechanisms leading to bipolar disorders may differ from those leading to schizophrenia is supported. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study investigating LDAEP in a population at risk for bipolar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Hagenmuller
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Heekeren
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magali Meier
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anastasia Theodoridou
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helene Haker
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wulf Rössler
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wolfram Kawohl
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Lee SH, Park YC, Yoon S, Kim JI, Hahn SW. Clinical implications of loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials in patients with atypical depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 54:7-12. [PMID: 24865151 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) has been proposed as a useful biomarker of serotonin activity, and the LDAEP value is low in patients with melancholic depression. In this study, we evaluated LDAEP levels in patients with atypical depression. METHODS We recruited 53 patients with atypical depression and 68 patients with non-atypical depression. Subjects were evaluated by the Atypical Depression Diagnostic Scale (ADDS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI), Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales, and Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS). To determine LDAEP, the peak-to-peak N1/P2 was measured at five stimulus intensities and the LDAEP was calculated as the linear-regression slope. RESULTS Patients with atypical depression had stronger LDAEP values and higher BAS and HPS scores than those with non-atypical depression. LDAEP showed a pattern of gradual decrease according to ADDS score hierarchy in patients with major depressive disorder. In the atypical depression group, LDAEP showed significant negative correlation with the BSI score and significant positive correlation with BAS score. In the non-atypical depression group, LDAEP did not show any significant correlations with the scores of psychological scales. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is a relatively deficient serotonergic activity in patients with atypical depression and that LDAEP reflects mood reactivity. The transient drop of serotonergic activity induced by mood vulnerability might contribute to suicidal tendencies in patients with atypical depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Juhwa-ro 170, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Juhwa-ro 170, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheon Park
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Juhwa-ro 170, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyung Yoon
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Juhwa-ro 170, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-In Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Juhwa-ro 170, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University of College of Medicine, 22, Daesagwan-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Park YM, Lee BH, Lee SH. The association between serum lipid levels, suicide ideation, and central serotonergic activity in patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2014; 159:62-5. [PMID: 24679391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence that low lipid levels cause suicide in depressed patients. The purpose of this study was to identify whether low serum lipid levels are associated with suicide ideation or are correlated with central serotonin function. METHODS Auditory processing for the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) was measured in 73 outpatients with major depressive disorder. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered on the same day as measurement of the LDAEP. In addition, serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured. All subjects had received antidepressant monotherapy. RESULTS The depressed subjects were divided into those with and without suicide ideation according to the score for HAMD item 3 or BDI item 9. TG levels differed significantly between the two groups, whereas body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and LDAEP did not. The scores for HAMD item 3 and BDI item 9 were negatively correlated with TG levels (p=0.045 and 0.026, respectively). The LDAEP was negatively correlated with TG levels (p=0.012). Although there was tendency toward a negative correlation between the LDAEP and serum LDL, it did not reach statistical significance (p=0.068). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design of this study means that baseline serum lipid levels were not measured. CONCLUSION The findings of this study revealed a relationship between TG and suicide ideation that is independent of both BMI and body weight. Furthermore, serum lipid levels were associated with central serotonergic activity, as assessed using the LDAEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 2240, Daehwa-dong, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang 411-706, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bun-Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 2240, Daehwa-dong, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang 411-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 2240, Daehwa-dong, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang 411-706, Republic of Korea
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Chiesa A, Marsano A, Han C, Lee SJ, Patkar AA, Pae CU, Serretti A. Epistatic Interactions between CREB and CREM Variants in Affective Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2014; 11:200-3. [PMID: 24843377 PMCID: PMC4023096 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2014.11.2.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to investigate the existence of epistatic interactions possibly influencing psychotropic agents' response between rs6740584 within Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Response Element Binding (CREB) and rs12775799 within cAMP response element-modulator (CREM) variants in bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). All BD and MDD patients were administered with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) at baseline and at endpoint, respectively. A multiple regression model was employed to investigate the existence of possible epistatic interactions between the two variants and diverse clinical factors including drug response in affective disorders. No significant epistatic interaction was observed between rs6740584 within CREB and rs12775799 within CREM on both symptom improvement and other clinical factors in affective disorders. Our preliminary results suggest that no epistatic interaction between rs6740584 within CREB and rs12775799 within CREM should exist on clinical improvement and clinical factors in affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Chiesa
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Agnese Marsano
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Changsu Han
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashwin A. Patkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Park YM, Lee BH, Um TH, Kim S. Serum BDNF levels in relation to illness severity, suicide attempts, and central serotonin activity in patients with major depressive disorder: a pilot study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91061. [PMID: 24663244 PMCID: PMC3963843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are correlated with the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP). The question of whether there is a difference in BDNF levels between depressive patients according to their illness severity, history of suicide attempts, and central serotonin activity was also addressed. A sample of 51 patients who met the criteria for major depressive disorder following diagnosis using axis I of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – text revision comprised the study subjects. The patients were stratified into two subgroups based on their illness severity, history of suicide attempts, and their LDAEP values. The LDAEP was evaluated by measuring the auditory event-related potentials, and serum BDNF was measured using blood sampling before beginning medication with serotonergic agents. There was no difference in serum BDNF levels between the two patient subgroups. The subgroup with moderate-to-severe depression (n = 16) was reanalyzed after stratifying it into two subgroups according to LDAEP and BDNF values (dichotomized at the medians into low and high). The high-LDAEP subgroup had higher serum BDNF levels and total Barratt Impulsiveness Scale score than the low-LDAEP subgroup (p = 0.03 and 0.036, respectively). Serum BDNF levels were positively correlated with LDAEP and total Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) score (r = 0.56, p = 0.025, and r = 0.59, p = 0.016, respectively). The high-BDNF subgroup had a higher LDAEP and total BHS score than the low-BDNF subgroup (p = 0.046 and p = 0.011, respectively). This is the first study to demonstrate a relationship between the BDNF level and LDAEP in Asian depressive patients. Intriguingly, the high-BDNF subgroup (divided according to illness severity) exhibited a more severe psychopathology on some psychometric rating scales, a finding that conflicts with previous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Bun-Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Eulji Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Um
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sollip Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Park YM. Relationship between SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction and central serotonergic activity based on the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:551-5. [PMID: 24005532 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE It has been hypothesized that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-induced sexual dysfunction can occur more frequently in patients with higher central serotonergic activity, and that this higher serotonergic activity can induce inhibition of sexual desire, ejaculation, and orgasm. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction and increased serotonin. METHOD Event-related potentials for the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) were measured in 46 patients at a single time point. The subjects' scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Antidepressant Side-Effect Checklist were also determined by the investigators at the same time point. All patients had received SSRI monotherapy. RESULTS Overall, 37 % (17/46) of the patients experienced some form of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction: lack of sexual desire, impotence, orgasm, and menstrual abnormality or mastalgia were experienced by 21.7, 8.3, 15.2, and 20.6 % of the patients, respectively. The subjects were thus divided into two groups-those with and without sexual dysfunction-and their data were compared. There was a tendency for the LDAEP to be lower in the group with sexual dysfunction (1.04 ± 0.77 μV) than the group without sexual dysfunction (1.45 ± 0.86 μV), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.086). Furthermore, the distribution of the frequency of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction differed marginally significantly between patients with low and high LDAEP, dichotomized according to the median LDAEP on the Cz electrode (χ (2) = 3.664, p = 0.056). CONCLUSIONS There was a relatively high frequency of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction in patients with low LDAEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, 2240, Daehwa-Dong, Ilsan Seo-Gu, Goyang, 411-706, Republic of Korea,
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Van Rheenen TE, Rossell SL. Auditory-prosodic processing in bipolar disorder; from sensory perception to emotion. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:1102-7. [PMID: 24074483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accurate emotion processing is critical to understanding the social world. Despite growing evidence of facial emotion processing impairments in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), comprehensive investigations of emotional prosodic processing is limited. The existing (albeit sparse) literature is inconsistent at best, and confounded by failures to control for the effects of gender or low level sensory-perceptual impairments. The present study sought to address this paucity of research by utilizing a novel behavioural battery to comprehensively investigate the auditory-prosodic profile of BD. METHODS Fifty BD patients and 52 healthy controls completed tasks assessing emotional and linguistic prosody, and sensitivity for discriminating tones that deviate in amplitude, duration and pitch. RESULTS BD patients were less sensitive than their control counterparts in discriminating amplitude and durational cues but not pitch cues or linguistic prosody. They also demonstrated impaired ability to recognize happy intonations; although this was specific to male's with the disorder. The recognition of happy in the patient group was correlated with pitch and amplitude sensitivity in female patients only. LIMITATIONS The small sample size of patients after stratification by current mood state prevented us from conducting subgroup comparisons between symptomatic, euthymic and control participants to explicitly examine the effects of mood. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the existence of a female advantage for the processing of emotional prosody in BD, specifically for the processing of happy. Although male BD patients were impaired in their ability to recognize happy prosody, this was unrelated to reduced tone discrimination sensitivity. This study indicates the importance of examining both gender and low order sensory perceptual capacity when examining emotional prosody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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Park YM, Lee SH. Clinical Usefulness of Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials (LDAEP) in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2013; 10:233-7. [PMID: 24302945 PMCID: PMC3843014 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2013.10.3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While it has been reported previously that the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) is a putative biological marker or a predictor of treatment response, there have been few studies of LDAEP in bipolar disorder. However, a recent study by Park and colleagues raised the possibility that the LDAEP could be useful as a biological marker of bipolar disorder. They found that the LDAEP was significantly higher in normal controls than in patients with either bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Lee and colleagues also examined the LDAEP in bipolar disorder and normal controls, and found that it differed according to the bipolar phase, being significantly higher in cases of euthymic bipolar disorder, bipolar depression, and bipolar mania. With regard to treatment response, early clinical findings were that a higher LDAEP and a stronger intensity dependence of visual evoked potentials were related to a favorable response to lithium treatment. Juckel and colleagues recently demonstrated that the pretreatment LDAEP could be a predictor of successful prophylactic lithium treatment. The present article reviews the literature in order to determine whether the LDAEP can be used as a biological marker or a predictor of treatment response in patients with bipolar disorder and of manic switch or treatment resistance in patients with major depressive episode(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Park YM, Lee SH. Can the Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials and Suicidality Be Used to Differentiate between Depressive Patients with and without Bipolarity. Psychiatry Investig 2013; 10:143-7. [PMID: 23798962 PMCID: PMC3687048 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2013.10.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) can be used to predict the presence of bipolarity in patients with major depressive episodes. METHODS A cohort of 61 patients who met the criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) following diagnosis using Axis I of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-text revision, and who had no history of hypomanic or manic episodes was included in this study. The patients were stratified into two subgroups based on whether or not they achieved a positive score for the Korean versions of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (K-MDQ). The LDAEP was evaluated by measuring the auditory event-related potentials before beginning medication with serotonergic agents. RESULTS The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) score was also higher for the positive screening group (81.24±11.87) than for the negative screening group (73.30±14.92; p=0.039, independent t-test). However, the LDAEP, Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores did not differ significantly between them. When binary logistic regression analysis was carried, the relationship between the positive or negative subgroups for K-MDQ and BIS or Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) score was also significant (respectively, p=0.017, p=0.038). CONCLUSION We found that LDAEP was not significantly different between depressive patients with and without bipolarity. However, our study has revealed the difference between two subgroups based on whether or not they achieved a positive score for the K-MDQ in BIS or BSS score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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