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Yoon YJ. Depressive symptom trajectory of older adults with diabetes: exploring the role of physical activities using latent growth modeling. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:1041-1049. [PMID: 38353514 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2313722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The literature highlights the role of physical activities in reducing depression, primarily in clinical samples and international longitudinal studies on older adults with diabetes. Based on Andersen's Behavioral Model, this study aims to describe the trajectory of depressive symptoms in this population and examine whether physical activities are associated with this trajectory. METHODS This study used a longitudinal survey design, utilizing three waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study. The respondents were adults aged 50 or older (N = 4,278) with diabetes. After conducting descriptive analyses, latent growth modeling was performed including unconditional and conditional models. RESULTS The overall trajectory of depressive symptoms in adults with diabetes decreased over a 4-year period. Physical activities were significantly associated with the variance in the intercept of the trajectory (p < .05), but not associated with the variance in the slope (p > .05). Additionally, this study identified factors significantly associated with the variance in the intercept (e.g. age, gender, race, marriage, education, income, self-reported health) or the slope (e.g. race, marriage, education, self-reported health) of the depressive symptom trajectory (p < .05). CONCLUSION The findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted interventions to encourage and promote physical activities among older adults with diabetes, recognizing the potential benefits for managing their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ji Yoon
- Department of Social Work, Colorado State University Pueblo, Pueblo, USA
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Gostoli S, Raimondi G, Popa AP, Giovannini M, Benasi G, Rafanelli C. Behavioral Lifestyle Interventions for Weight Loss in Overweight or Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:224-241. [PMID: 38436787 PMCID: PMC11150315 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Around 80-90% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are overweight or obese, presenting a greater risk for serious health complications and mortality. Thus, weight loss represents a main goal for T2DM management. Although behavioral lifestyle interventions (BLIs) could help promoting weight loss in T2DM patients with overweight or obesity, their effectiveness is still controversial. This systematic review offers an updated and comprehensive picture of BLIs according to Michie's classification in T2DM patients with overweight or obesity and identifies possible factors (related to both patients and interventions) associated with weight loss. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The literature search till March 2023 indicated 31 studies involving 42 different BLIs. RECENT FINDINGS Our findings suggest that structured BLIs, characterized by frequent feedback and support, can lead to a clinically meaningful 5% weight loss, regardless of specific behavioral, diet, and physical activity components. Further research should address methodological issues and heterogeneity of interventions, also considering the effect of pharmacological therapies on weight reduction. Lastly, more attention should be paid to the long-term effectiveness of behavioral lifestyle interventions and to the relationship between weight loss and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gostoli
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Raimondi
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexandra Paula Popa
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Micaela Giovannini
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giada Benasi
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, 10032, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chiara Rafanelli
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
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Koning E, Grigolon RB, Breda V, Gomes FA, Zucatti KP, Teixeira PP, Colpani V, Gerchman F, Brietzke E. The effect of lifestyle interventions on depressive symptom severity in individuals with type-2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Psychosom Res 2023; 173:111445. [PMID: 37579705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a severe metabolic condition which is commonly comorbid with depression. Lifestyle factors are involved in the pathophysiology of both conditions; however, the role of lifestyle interventions remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to systematically review the literature on randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of lifestyle interventions on depressive scores in patients with T2DM. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in computerized databases before October 2022. A random-effects model was used to investigate the effect of lifestyle interventions on depression scores and meta-regression was conducted to assess the influence of age and disease onset. RESULTS Six trials met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. A statistically significant reduction in depression scores was found for groups receiving lifestyle interventions compared to controls (SMD = -0.49 [95%CI -0.89 to -0.08]; p = 0.0269]). Interventions increased in efficacy with the age of the participants but no significant correlation was found with years since disease onset. Participants in a control group receiving a less intense lifestyle intervention demonstrated improved depression scores when compared to those who received standard care or no intervention at all. Trial design and outcome measurement tools were heterogeneous between studies and limited data on antidepressant use was available which may introduce bias into the results. CONCLUSION Lifestyle interventions were effective at improving depressive symptom severity in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Koning
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Vitor Breda
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Fabiano A Gomes
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly P Zucatti
- Programa de Pós-graduação emCiências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grandedo Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Paula P Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-graduação emCiências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grandedo Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Veronica Colpani
- Programa de Pós-graduação emCiências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grandedo Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernando Gerchman
- Programa de Pós-graduação emCiências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grandedo Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil; Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital de Clínicas de PortoAlegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grandedo Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Arsh A, Afaq S, Carswell C, Bhatti MM, Ullah I, Siddiqi N. Effectiveness of physical activity in managing co-morbid depression in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:448-459. [PMID: 36868385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity may be effective in alleviating depressive symptoms and improving glycaemic control; however, evidence to guide practice is limited. The current review was conducted to assess the effects of physical activity on depression and glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Randomized controlled clinical trials, from the earliest record to October 2021, which recruited adults with the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and compared physical activity with no interventions or usual care for the management of depression were included. The outcomes were change in depression severity and glycaemic control. RESULTS In 17 trials, including 1362 participants, physical activity was effective in reducing the severity of depressive symptoms (SMD = -057; 95%CI = -0.80, -0.34). However, physical activity did not have a significant effect in improving markers of glycaemic control (SMD = -0.18; 95%CI = -0.46, 0.10). LIMITATIONS There was substantial heterogeneity in the included studies. Furthermore, risk of bias assessment showed that most of the included studies were of low quality. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity can effectively reduce the severity of depressive symptoms, nonetheless, it appears that physical activity is not significantly effective in improving glycaemic control in adults who have both type 2 diabetes mellitus and depressive symptoms. The latter finding is surprising, however, given the limited evidence on which this is based, future research on the effectiveness of physical activity for depression in this population should include high quality trials with glycaemic control as an outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatik Arsh
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, United Kingdom; Institute of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Khyber Medical University, Pakistan.
| | - Saima Afaq
- Institute of Public Health, Khyber Medical University, Pakistan
| | - Claire Carswell
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Irfan Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Pakistan
| | - Najma Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, United Kingdom
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Silva LAD, Menguer LDS, Doyenart R, Boeira D, Milhomens YP, Dieke B, Volpato AM, Thirupathi A, Silveira PC. Effect of aquatic exercise on mental health, functional autonomy, and oxidative damages in diabetes elderly individuals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2098-2111. [PMID: 34152875 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1943324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of aquatic exercise on mental health, functional autonomy, and oxidative dysfunction in elderly with DM2. A total of 104 elderly were included in the longitudinal clinical study and were attributed to the diabetes group (n = 30) and the non-diabetic group (n = 29). Both groups were involved in the aquatic exercise (nine exercises; 3 sets x 1-minute duration each; linear intensity and frequency measured twice a week) for 12 weeks. The assessments of mental health, functional autonomy, and oxidative dysfunction were done. All results were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks later. The values of the following variable scores decreased in the DM2 group after participation in the aquatic exercise: depression (-56 ± 2 scores; 57%), anxiety (-8.2 ± 2 scores; 41%), stress (-3.1 ± 0.3 scores; 32%), and sleep (-3. 7 ± 1.3 points; 51%); an improvement in Berg scores was observed (+53.1 ± 2 points; 8%), Tug tests (-6.1 ± 0.7 points; 25%), carbonyl groups (-0.048 ± 0.01 nnmol/mg/protein; 49%), and total thiol (+0.33 ± 0.08 nnmol/mg/protein; 83%). We have concluded that a linear intensity aquatic exercise program improves mental health, functional autonomy, and oxidative dysfunction in elderly with DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Acordi da Silva
- Laboratory of Exercise Psychophysiology, Advanced Aquatic Exercise Research Group, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Centro Universitário Barriga Verde, Orleans, brazil
| | - Lorhan da Silva Menguer
- Laboratory of Exercise Psychophysiology, Advanced Aquatic Exercise Research Group, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Doyenart
- Laboratory of Exercise Psychophysiology, Advanced Aquatic Exercise Research Group, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boeira
- Laboratory of Exercise Psychophysiology, Advanced Aquatic Exercise Research Group, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Yuri Pinheiro Milhomens
- Laboratory of Exercise Psychophysiology, Advanced Aquatic Exercise Research Group, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Dieke
- Laboratory of Exercise Psychophysiology, Advanced Aquatic Exercise Research Group, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Volpato
- Laboratory of Exercise Psychophysiology, Advanced Aquatic Exercise Research Group, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Cesar Silveira
- Laboratory of Exercise Psychophysiology, Advanced Aquatic Exercise Research Group, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
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Sezgin G, Kar F, Uslu S. The effect of nutrition and exercise training on irisin and semaphorin-3E levels in obese patients. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:558-567. [PMID: 32569480 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1779310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to firstly examine the effects of nutrition and exercise training on irisin, Sema-3E, biochemical and inflammatory parameters in obese patients. This study was conducted using 37 individuals were divided into three groups according to body mass index (BMI) as non-obese, 1nd degree and 2nd degree obese individuals. Nutrition and exercise training were applied to groups for eight weeks. Insulin resistance decreased in non-obese and 1st degree obese subjects. HsCRP values decreased only in the second degree obese individuals. Adiponectin values were significantly decreased in all three groups. There was a negative correlation between serum adiponectin and plasma irisin levels both before and after treatment. Sema-3E levels increased significantly in only the first degree obese individuals, whereas plexin-D1 values did not change significantly in any group. Our findings indicate that nutrition and exercise training we apply improved both anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters in obese and non-obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülay Sezgin
- Department of Nutrition and Diet, Istanbul Taksim Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sema Uslu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Bąk-Sosnowska M, Gruszczyńska M, Skrypnik D, Grzegorczyn S, Karolkiewicz J, Ratajczak M, Mądry E, Walkowiak J, Bogdański P. Type of Physical Training and Selected Aspects of Psychological Functioning of Women with Obesity: A Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082555. [PMID: 34444714 PMCID: PMC8400574 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We conducted a prospective randomised trial to assess whether a specific type of regular physical training performed by women with obesity is related to obtaining specific psychological benefits. Methods: Forty-four women qualified for the study and were divided into two groups. The applied intervention consisted of regular three-month physical exercises in the form of endurance training (group A) or endurance strength training (group B). Initially, and after the completed intervention, we examined anthropometric measurements and the level of: stress (PSS-10), general self-esteem (SES), body self-report (BSQ–34, FRS), and behaviours associated with diet (TFEQ-18). Results: As a result of the intervention, both groups had significantly lower anthropometric parameters and FRS scores with regard to the current figure (gr. A:δ FRS CS −0.90 ± 0.83, p < 0.001; gr. B:δ FRS CS −0.41 ± 0.50, p = 0.01) and BSQ–34 results (gr. A:δ BSQ–34 −14.90 ± 13.5, p = 0.001; gr. B:δ BSQ–34 − 18.64 ± 25.4, p = 0.01). Additionally, an increase in cognitive restraint (δ TFEQ–18 CR1.65 ± 2.06, p = 0.01) and a decrease in emotional eating (δ TFEQ–18 EE −0.82 ± 1.28, p = 0.01) were observed in group B. There were no between-group differences in terms of the magnitude of changes achieved due to the intervention, except for asignificant improvement in the perception of their current figure (FRS) (δ FRSCS −0.90 ± 0.83, p = 0.03) in group A. Conclusions: Regular physical activity over a three-month period by women with obesity promotes the perception of their own body as slimmer and lowers body shape concerns. The change in body shape perception was more pronounced under the influence of endurance training than endurance strength training. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04793451.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bąk-Sosnowska
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (M.B.-S.); (M.G.)
| | - Magdalena Gruszczyńska
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (M.B.-S.); (M.G.)
| | - Damian Skrypnik
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sławomir Grzegorczyn
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Joanna Karolkiewicz
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marzena Ratajczak
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Edyta Mądry
- Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
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Mohammad Rahimi GR, Aminzadeh R, Azimkhani A, Saatchian V. The Effect of Exercise Interventions to Improve Psychosocial Aspects and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biol Res Nurs 2021; 24:10-23. [PMID: 34235949 DOI: 10.1177/10998004211022849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have a raised risk of developing depression compared with non-diabetic people. OBJECTIVE The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the impacts of exercise training interventions to improve psychosocial aspects and glycemic control in T2DM patients. DATA SOURCES PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases and reference lists of included studies were searched. STUDY SELECTION The selection criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using an exercise intervention with or without dietary advice on psychological aspects and glycemic control in T2DM patients, up to January 2021. Meta-analyses were performed using the random-effects model. The analysis included 17 RCTs with 2,127 participants. RESULTS In the pooled analysis, improvements were seen in depression, standard mean difference (SMD) -0.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) -1.03 to -0.28, p = 0.0006), mental health SMD: 0.53 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.76, p < 0.00001), and HbA1c, weighted mean difference (WMD) -0.51% (95% CI -0.97 to -0.04, p = 0.03). There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups for bodily pain, social functioning, and fasting glucose (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our systematic review and meta-analysis displayed that exercise training interventions decreased depression and HbA1c and increased mental health in individuals with T2DM. Further longer-term and high-quality clinical trials are required to additional assess and confirm the findings presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Aminzadeh
- Department of Sports Sciences, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Azimkhani
- Department of Sports Sciences, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Saatchian
- Department of Sports Sciences, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
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Storck LJ, Meffert PJ, Rausch J, Gärtner S, Aghdassi AA, Kühn JP, Kraft M, Pietzner M, Lerch MM, Steveling A. Efficiency of a 15-Week Weight-Loss Program, Including a Low-Calorie Formula Diet, on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Overweight or Obesity. Obes Facts 2021; 14:1-11. [PMID: 33601371 PMCID: PMC7983589 DOI: 10.1159/000511453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients who are overweight or obese have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Weight loss can have a positive effect on glycemic control. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate glycemic control in patients with T2DM and overweight or obesity during a structured weight-loss program. METHODS This was a prospective, interventional study. We recruited 36 patients (14 men and 22 women) with a median age of 58.5 years and median body mass index (BMI) of 34.1, to a 15-week structured weight-loss program with a low-calorie (800 kcal) formula diet for 6 weeks. The primary end point, HbA1c level, and secondary end points, anthropometric data, medication, and safety, were assessed weekly. Laboratory values and quality of life were assessed at baseline and after 15 weeks. RESULTS HbA1c decreased from 7.3% at baseline to 6.5% at 15 weeks (p < 0.001), median body weight by 11.9 kg (p < 0.001), median BMI by 4.3 (p < 0.001) and median waist circumference by 11.0 cm (p < 0.001). Two participants discontinued insulin therapy, 4 could reduce their dosage of oral antidiabetic agents, and 6 completely discontinued their antidiabetic medication. Insulin dose decreased from 0.63 (0.38-0.89) to 0.39 (0.15-0.70) units/kg body weight (p < 0.001). No patient experienced hypoglycemic episodes or hospital emergency visits. Triglycerides and total cholesterol decreased as well as surrogate markers of liver function. However, the levels of high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C) as well as uric acid remain unchanged. Regarding quality of life, the median physical health score increased from 44.5 (39.7-51.4) at baseline to 48.0 (43.1-55.3; p = 0.007), and the median mental health score decreased from 42.1 (36.1-46.7) to 37.4 (30.3-43.7; p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS A structured weight-loss program is effective in the short term in reducing HbA1c, weight, and antidiabetic medication in patients with T2DM who are overweight or obese. Levels of HDL-C and LDL-C were not affected by short-term weight loss. The decline in mental health and the long-term effects of improved glycemic control require further trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena J Storck
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Meffert
- Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Corvus, Statistical Consulting, Altkalen, Germany
| | - Janine Rausch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Simone Gärtner
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ali A Aghdassi
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Kühn
- Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, Carl-Gustav Carus University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kraft
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik I, Vinzentius-Krankenhaus Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany,
| | - Antje Steveling
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Amanat S, Ghahri S, Dianatinasab A, Fararouei M, Dianatinasab M. Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1228:91-105. [PMID: 32342452 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic of diabetes mellitus has already become a serious global health threat. In the past three decades, the number of people with diabetes mellitus has quadrupled globally, and diabetes mellitus is known as the ninth major cause of death in the world nowadays. The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is in coincidence with the augmentation of obesity in most developed countries as well as in developing countries. A sedentary lifestyle is well-known as one of the major reasons for the rising epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus besides the other reasons such as adopting energy-dense diets relative to the actual need for energy and population aging. Exercise as a regular physical activity at a medium to vigorous intensity is found to be an efficient influencer that would switch back most of the known type 2 diabetes mellitus factors toward healthier positions. Exercise is proven to have clinical benefits, such as improved insulin sensitivity, reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) and increased peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) which are definitely preventive toward diabetes. Exercise training can favorably affect glycemic parameters, the lipid profile, blood pressure, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Exercise improves blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes, reduces cardiovascular risk factors, and regulates body weight by reducing body fat percentage and enhancing lean mass. In this chapter, the effect of regular exercise on the prevention of diabetes and short-term glucose and energy metabolism will be discussed. In addition, the effect of exercise on most common complications of type 2 diabetes including cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Amanat
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Simin Ghahri
- Department of Sport Physiology, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Aria Dianatinasab
- Department of Biochemistry, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fararouei
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Dianatinasab
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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Kim KB, Kim K, Kim C, Kang SJ, Kim HJ, Yoon S, Shin YA. Effects of Exercise on the Body Composition and Lipid Profile of Individuals with Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Obes Metab Syndr 2019; 28:278-294. [PMID: 31909371 PMCID: PMC6939705 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2019.28.4.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous researchers have worked to develop treatments for obesity; however, the prevalence of obesity continues to increase in many countries. Moreover, the effects of physical activity and exercise on obesity remain unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship between exercise and obesity using mediator variables such as the mode of exercise. Methods Our review focuses on research tracking the effects of exercise on obesity conducted from 2007 to 2016 and available in any of three databases: Embase, PubMed, and EBSCO Academic Search Premier. The keywords used in the search were “exercise and obesity” and “exercise and obese.” Results The average size of the effects that exercise interventions have on body mass index (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.533), waist circumference (SMD, 0.666), total cholesterol (SMD, 0.721), and triglyceride (TG; SMD, 0.603) were medium or larger. Exercise had greater effects on the outward appearance of obesity (body mass index, waist circumference) than on its practical factors (weight, % body fat). The effect of exercise on TG (SMD, 0.603) was larger than that on low-density lipoprotein (SMD, 0.406) and high-density lipoprotein (SMD, −0.222). Exercise duration (weeks of exercise) and intensity correlate better than exercise time (minutes per week) with a large and consistent improvement in adult obesity. Conclusion We suggest that individuals with obesity should exercise consistently to achieve significant improvements in their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Bae Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kijin Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Changsun Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suh-Jung Kang
- Department of Sports and Health Management, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Sport and Healthy Aging, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Yoon
- Department of Sport Science, Chowan University, Murfreesboro, NC, USA
| | - Yun-A Shin
- Department of Prescription and Rehabilitation of Exercise, College of Sport Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Narita Z, Inagawa T, Stickley A, Sugawara N. Physical activity for diabetes-related depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 113:100-107. [PMID: 30928617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of developing depression compared with non-diabetic individuals. We aimed to examine the utility of physical activity in the treatment of diabetes-related depression using a meta-analysis. Multiple databases were searched from inception to February 1, 2018. A random effects pooling model was used to examine the standardized mean difference and mean difference in the meta-analysis. A sensitivity analysis and meta-regression analyses were performed. Fourteen studies were included in a systematic review (1020 patients), while 13 were included in a meta-analysis (962 patients). Physical activity had a beneficial effect on depression as measured by Hedge's g (standardized mean difference = -0.59; 95% CI = -0.93 to -0.24). A sensitivity analysis indicated that the findings did not change in a meaningful way with the exclusion of studies with a high or unknown risk of bias in incomplete outcome data. Meta-regression analyses demonstrated that no covariate significantly influenced the main effect size. Physical activity had a significantly beneficial effect on depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (mean difference = -2.90; 95% CI = -4.53 to -1.28). These findings suggest that physical activity may help ameliorate depression in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Narita
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.
| | - Takuma Inagawa
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan.
| | - Andrew Stickley
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan.
| | - Norio Sugawara
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan.
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Edmonds EC, Martin AS, Palmer BW, Eyler LT, Rana BK, Jeste DV. Positive mental health in schizophrenia and healthy comparison groups: relationships with overall health and biomarkers. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22:354-362. [PMID: 27834490 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1251572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Positive psychological factors (PPFs) have been reported to have a significant impact on health in the general population. However, little is known about the relationship of these factors with mental and physical health in schizophrenia. METHOD One hundred and thirty-five outpatients with schizophrenia and 127 healthy comparison subjects (HCs), aged 26-65 years, were evaluated with scales of resilience, optimism, happiness, and perceived stress. Measures of mental and physical health were also obtained. Regression analyses examined associations of a PPF composite with health variables. RESULTS Relative to the HCs, the schizophrenia group had lower levels of PPFs. However, there was considerable heterogeneity, with over one-third of schizophrenia participants having values within the 'normative' range. The PPF composite was positively related to mental and physical health variables and with biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance. The relationship between PPFs and mental health was particularly strong for individuals with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION A sizable minority of adults with chronic schizophrenia have levels of resilience, optimism, happiness, and perceived stress similar to HCs. Psychosocial interventions to enhance PPFs should be tested in patients with serious mental illnesses, with the goal of improving their mental health (beyond controlling symptoms of psychosis) and their physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Edmonds
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Averria Sirkin Martin
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.,b Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Barton W Palmer
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.,b Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.,c VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.,b Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Brinda K Rana
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.,b Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Dilip V Jeste
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.,b Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.,d Department of Neurosciences , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
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Sanlier N, Baser F, Mortas H, Navruz Varli S, Macit MS, Tatar T. Structural Modeling the Relationship of Food Addiction and Eating Attitudes of Young Adults with Emotional Appetite and Self-Esteem. Ecol Food Nutr 2017; 56:514-529. [DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2017.1388232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Sanlier
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Biruni University, Topkapı, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Furkan Baser
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Insurance and Actuarial Science, Ankara University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hande Mortas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semra Navruz Varli
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M. Sedanur Macit
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba Tatar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Eleazu CO. The concept of low glycemic index and glycemic load foods as panacea for type 2 diabetes mellitus; prospects, challenges and solutions. Afr Health Sci 2016; 16:468-79. [PMID: 27605962 PMCID: PMC4994556 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v16i2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article examines the concepts of low glycemic indices (GIs) and glycemic load (GL) foods as key drivers in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes as well as their shortcomings. The controversies arising from the analysis of glycemic index (GI) and GL of foods such as their reproducibility as well as their relevance to the dietary management of type 2 diabetes are also discussed. METHODS Search was conducted in relevant electronic databases such as: Pubmed, Google Scholar, HINARI, the Cochrane library, Popline, LILACS, CINAHL, EMBASE, etc to identify the current status of knowledge regarding the controversies surrounding management of diabetes with low GI and GL foods. CONCLUSION This article suggests that in view of discrepancies that surround the results of GI versus GL of foods, any assay on the GI and GL of a food with the aim of recommending the food for the dietary management of type 2 diabetes, could be balanced with glycated hemoglobin assays before they are adopted as useful antidiabetic foods.
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Tumwine JK. Infectious diseases and chronic care in Africa. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15:v-vii. [PMID: 26124825 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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