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Maksimovic S, Stankovic M, Roganovic S, Nesic I, Zvezdanovic J, Tadic V, Zizovic I. Towards a modern approach to traditional use of Helichrysum italicum in dermatological conditions: In vivo testing supercritical extract on artificially irritated skin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115779. [PMID: 36202166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Helichrysum italicum has been widely used in traditional medicine to treat allergies, colds, cough, skin, liver and gallbladder disorders, inflammation, infections, and sleeplessness. Furthermore, it possesses considerable wound healing and skin protective properties, documented by several in vivo studies performed on animals. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence supporting its potential as a topical agent tested by human clinical trials. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to investigate the skin protective activity of cotton gauze and polypropylene non-woven fabric, impregnated with H. italicum extract by the integrated supercritical CO2 extraction-supercritical solvent impregnation process. MATERIALS AND METHODS The integrated process of supercritical CO2 extraction of H. italicum and the impregnation of cotton gauze and polypropylene non-woven fabric was performed under 350 bar and 40 °C with and without the addition of ethanol as a cosolvent. Impregnated textile materials were tested in vivo for their bioactivity on irritated human skin. Randomized in vivo studies performed involved assays of both safety and efficacy of the impregnated textiles. The effects were evaluated using the in vivo non-invasive biophysical measurements of the following skin parameters: electrical capacitance, transepidermal water loss, melanin index, erythema index, and skin pH. RESULTS Both cotton gauze and polypropylene non-woven fabric were impregnated with H. italicum extracts under supercritical conditions with considerable values of the impregnation yield (1.97%-4.25%). The addition of ethanol as a cosolvent during the process caused significant changes in the incorporated extracts' impregnation yield and chemical profile. Both impregnated textile materials were safe, evaluated by their testing on the human skin with no cause of any irritation and redness. However, efficacy studies revealed that polypropylene non-woven fabric impregnated with H. italicum extract with ethanol as a cosolvent, possessed significantly greater potential for skin protection than the other investigated samples. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the feasibility of the combined supercritical extraction and impregnation process in developing materials for topical application based on H. italicum extract. The results of in vivo studies performed on human volunteers confirmed the suitability of H. italicum active components to be a part of human skin protective preparations because of their ability to maintain the skin unimpaired. Traditionally claimed applications as a medicinal plant capable of regenerating skin have been scientifically proven, in addition to employing green technology in obtaining the impregnated materials with a broad spectrum of utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetolik Maksimovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milica Stankovic
- University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000, Nis, Serbia
| | - Sonja Roganovic
- University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000, Nis, Serbia
| | - Ivana Nesic
- University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000, Nis, Serbia
| | - Jelena Zvezdanovic
- University of Nis, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000, Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Vanja Tadic
- Institute for Medical Plant Research "Dr. Josif Pancic ", Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Zizovic
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
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Zhu X, Wang L, Zhao T, Jiang Q. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Eriobotrya japonica leaves: A summary. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115566. [PMID: 35870687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. has been included in "The Plant List" (http://www.theplantlist.org) and is the most widely researched species in its genus. E. japonica is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree belonging to the Rosaceae family. Its dried leaves are widely used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine to treat coughing caused by pulmonary inflammation, dyspnea due to asthma and cough, nausea caused by stomach disorders, restlessness, and thirst. Furthermore, it is used to treat stomach ache, ulcers, chronic bronchitis, cancer, and diabetes mellitus in Japanese folk medicine. However, no systematic reports on E. japonica leaves have been published before. AIM OF THE STUDY This review summarizes the available information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and quality control of various extracts and phytoconstituents of E. japonica leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant publications between 1931 and 2022 were considered. Chinese and English studies on E. japonica leaves were collected from databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, ACS Publications, Springer, and CNKI (Chinese). The traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and quality control of E. japonica leaves were reviewed. RESULTS Briefly, 164 compounds, including triterpenes, flavonoids, sesquiterpene glycosides, megastigmane derivatives, phenylpropanoids, and organic acids, have been identified from E. japonica leaves, in addition to 169 volatile oils. More than half of these compounds have not yet been reported to have pharmacological activities. Triterpenes and flavonoids are the most important bioactive compounds responsible for pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. Other beneficial physiological effects such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, bronchodilatory, antitussive, and expectorant effects and tracheal smooth muscle relaxation, protection against myocardial ischemia injury, and improved cognitive activities have also been reported. High doses of E. japonica leaf extracts have been used in laboratory animals, and no side effects or toxicity-symptoms have been observed. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacological activities of E. japonica leaves support their use in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. However, several aspects, such as the bioavailability, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationships of the pure compounds isolated from E. japonica leaves, have not been studied yet and warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Tie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Phenolic Acid Patterns in Different Plant Species of Families Asteraceae and Lamiaceae: Possible Phylogenetic Relationships and Potential Molecular Markers. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9632979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, investigations of some specific secondary metabolites estimated near 10,000 various compounds of phenolic nature in different plant species. The interest in natural compounds is not only due to their antioxidant potential, but also to their economic impact, as most of them may be extracted from underexploited plant species. The presented research work presents an extended analysis of the most important phenolic acids of the selected known and underexploited plant species from the families Asteraceae and Rosaceae with the development of phylogenic tree analysis according to the nonparametric rate smoothing (NPRS) methods. HPLC-UV analysis revealed the original spectrum of phenolic acids in selected known and underexploited plant species of the families Rosaceae and Asteraceae. The analysis of phenolic acid’s contribution from their total amount in the methanolic extract in Asteraceae found the high percentage of syringic acid in leaves varied between 64.13% and 95.13%. The detected high contribution of syringic acid among estimated phenolic acids in Asteraceae leaves suggests its possible prevalence in the representatives of the family Asteraceae. The content of draconic acid in the leaves of most representatives of the family Rosaceae which represented more than 30% of total phenolic acid content. The high presence of such phenolic acids may relate to the antioxidant activity of the studied herbal extracts.
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Silva VDM, Macedo MCC, Dos Santos AN, Silva MR, Augusti R, Lacerda ICA, Melo JOF, Fante CA. Bioactive activities and chemical profile characterization using paper spray mass spectrometry of extracts of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. leaves. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8883. [PMID: 33448505 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a fruit tree that has been used in Chinese medicine for thousands of years for the treatment of various diseases. The loquat leaf extracts contain several bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and identification of these substances using quick and simple methods has been an analytical trend. METHODS The influence of dehydration of loquat leaves (without drying, at 40°C, and at 60°C), the type of solvent (ethanol and methanol), and the method of extraction (shaking and ultrasound) on obtaining extracts containing phenolic compounds and substances with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties was evaluated. The chemical constituents of an extract were identified using paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). RESULTS The extract obtained from the dehydrated leaves at 40°C presented the best results. The extracts obtained from these leaves and with ethanol had the highest values of total phenolics and antioxidant activities, but the methanolic extract subjected to ultrasound had the highest levels of chlorogenic, caffeic, and ellagic acids. All extracts evaluated inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Using the PS-MS technique, it was possible to identify the presence of 49 substances such as organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, sugars, quinones, and terpenes. CONCLUSIONS In general, extracts of dehydrated leaves at 40°C and extracted with ethanol using ultrasound can be considered a good source of bioactive compounds with potential applications as functional ingredients or additives in the food and pharmaceutical industries. PS-MS was demonstrated to be a simple and ultrafast technique to obtain the chemical profile of the loquat leaf extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane D M Silva
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara C Macedo
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Amanda N Dos Santos
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro R Silva
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodinei Augusti
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Onésio F Melo
- Department of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Sete Lagoas, Brazil
| | - Camila A Fante
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Zhang J, Xu HY, Wu YJ, Zhang X, Zhang LQ, Li YM. Neutrophil elastase inhibitory effects of pentacyclic triterpenoids from Eriobotrya japonica (loquat leaves). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:111713. [PMID: 30703491 PMCID: PMC7127461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eriobotrya japonica, a traditional herbal medicine in China and Japan, has long been used to treat chronic bronchitis and coughs. AIM OF THE STUDY Pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTs), especially ursolic acid (UA), have been found as reversibly and competitively human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors. However, the limited solubility and poor bioavailability of PTs hinder their clinical use. Crude plant extracts may have a greater activity than isolated constituents of the equivalent dosage. In this study, an Eriobotrya japonica (loquat leaves) extract (triterpenoid composition of loquat leaves, TCLL) with enriched PTs such as UA was prepared. The study aims to compare the HNE inhibitory (HNEI) effect in vitro and the therapeutic effect on acute lung injury (ALI) in vivo between TCLL and UA. MATERIALS AND METHODS An HNEI activity bioassay was performed with Sivelestat sodium hydrate as a positive control. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammatory model was established to evaluate TCLL's therapeutic effect on ALI in vivo. The absorption of UA in TCLL and in UA alone was determined using a Caco-2 cell uptake model and LC-MS. RESULTS The IC50 values of TCLL and UA for the HNEI effect were 3.26 ± 0.56 μg/mL and 8.49 ± 0.42 μg/mL (P < 0.01), respectively. TCLL significantly improved the inflammatory cells and inflammatory cytokine production in mice compared with the LPS group (P < 0.05). Additionally, it performed better than the UA alone group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the uptake by Caco-2 cells of UA in TCLL was higher than that in UA alone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION TCLL has a significant HNEI effect in vitro and a therapeutic effect on LPS-induced inflammation in a mouse model. Both the effects are more efficient than UA. Improved absorption of PTs in TCLL may be one explanation for these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hao-Yang Xu
- International Education College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yu-Juan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Liu-Qiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Seong NW, Oh WJ, Kim IS, Kim SJ, Seo JE, Park CE, Kim DY, Ko JW, Kim JC. Efficacy and local irritation evaluation of Eriobotrya japonica leaf ethanol extract. Lab Anim Res 2019; 35:4. [PMID: 31463223 PMCID: PMC6707429 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although Eriobotrya japonica leaves have been studied as a raw material for various cosmetic products, little is known about the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic activities of Eriobotrya japonica leaf ethanol extract (EJEE). Methods This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic activities of EJEE using different in vitro models. In addition, we investigated the potential irritation of EJEE to skin and eye using animal alternative tests. Results The total content of polyphenols, one of the active constituents of EJEE, was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and found to contain 88.68 mg tannic acid equivalent/g. EJEE showed a concentration-dependent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity, and a superoxide dismutase-like activity. The anti-inflammatory effect of 0.5% (w/v) EJEE was demonstrated by a reduction in lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in RAW 264.7 cells. EJEE also significantly inhibited melanogenesis in melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced B16F1 cells. EJEE did not show any irritation in skin and eye in animal alternative test. Conclusions These results indicate that the EJEE possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic activities, while it did not induce toxicity or irritation in neither skin nor eye. Therefore, EJEE can be used as a cosmetic ingredient for skin improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nak-Won Seong
- 1Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam 58141 Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Oh
- 1Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam 58141 Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Soo Kim
- 1Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam 58141 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- 1Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam 58141 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Seo
- 1Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam 58141 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Eon Park
- 1Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam 58141 Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Young Kim
- 1Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam 58141 Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- 2College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- 2College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
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Seong NW, Seo HS, Kim JH, Kim YJ, Kim E, Lee JY, Ko JW, Kim JC. A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of an Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 226:1-10. [PMID: 30048729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eriobotrya japonica leaf is widely used in traditional medicine, and exhibits various beneficial effects such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. However, limited data are available on the potential adverse effects of E. japonica. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the potential subchronic toxicity of an E. japonica leaf extract (EJE) through a 13-week repeated oral dose experiment in Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male and 40 female rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: three treatment groups receiving 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day of EJE and a vehicle control group receiving sterile distilled water for 13 weeks. RESULTS Repeated oral administration of EJE for 13 weeks did not cause any treatment-related adverse effects with respect to clinical symptoms, body weight, food and water consumption, urinalysis, ophthalmology, necropsy findings, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weight, and histopathological examination at any dose tested. Although some changes were observed in clinical symptoms, organ weight, hematology, and histopathology, these findings did not show a dose-response relationship and were within normal historical ranges for control rats. CONCLUSION Under the present experimental conditions, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of EJE was > 1000 mg/kg/day in both sexes and no target organs were identified. The results suggest that the EJE is a safe traditional medicine for clinical applications at proper dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nak-Won Seong
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), 12-67 Sandan-gil, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58141, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Sik Seo
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), 12-67 Sandan-gil, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Kim
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), 12-67 Sandan-gil, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Kim
- Korea INS Pharm Research Institute, 72 Dongnonggong-gil, Dong-myeon, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58143, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kim
- Korea INS Pharm Research Institute, 72 Dongnonggong-gil, Dong-myeon, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58143, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yeol Lee
- Korea INS Pharm Research Institute, 72 Dongnonggong-gil, Dong-myeon, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58143, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Jeong MH, Seong NW, Lee JY, Kim YJ, Shin NR, Kim JC. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the genotoxicity of Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 99:238-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Chiang JT, Badrealam KF, Shibu MA, Kuo CH, Huang CY, Chen BC, Lin YM, Viswanadha VP, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Eriobotrya japonica ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiomyoblast and in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:1113-1122. [PMID: 29974613 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Eriobotrya japonica (EJ) is a traditional Chinese plant with high medicinal value. EJ extracts are reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biological attributes. The current study aims to evaluate the prospective efficacy of E. japonica leave extract (EJLE) against Angiotensin-II induced cardiac hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiomyoblast and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). For the in vitro studies, Angiotensin-II pretreated H9c2 cells were treated with EJLE and analyzed through Western blotting and rhodamine phalloidin staining for their cardio-protective attributes. In the in vivo studies, 12-week-old SHRs were randomly divided into groups: SHRs supplemented with EJLE, control SHR group supplemented with PBS; in addition, a control group of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) was also employed. All rats were supplemented twice a week for 8 week time interval. Finally, echocardiography, morphological, histology, and Western blot analysis were performed to assess their role against cardiac hypertrophy. Interestingly, we could observe that supplementation of EJLE could rescue Ang-II induced cardiac hypertrophy as evident through Western blot, rhodamine phalloidin staining, and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Notably, morphological and echocardiography data provided further supports for their ability to ameliorate cardiac characteristics. Cumulatively, the results clearly suggests that supplementation of EJLE promotes cardio-protective effects through amelioration of cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Ting Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Aging Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bih-Cheng Chen
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Aging Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangdong, China
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chiang JT, Badrealam KF, Shibu MA, Cheng SF, Shen CY, Chang CF, Lin YM, Viswanadha VP, Liao SC, Huang CY. Anti-Apoptosis and Anti-Fibrosis Effects of Eriobotrya Japonica in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Hearts. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061638. [PMID: 29857545 PMCID: PMC6032044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis represent important contributing factors for development of hypertension-induced heart failure. The present study aims to investigate the potential effects of Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract (EJLE) against hypertension-induced cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Twelve-week-old male rats were randomly divided into four different groups; control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, hypertensive SHR rats, SHR rats treated with a low dose (100 mg/kg body weight) of EJLE and SHR rats treated with a high dose (300 mg/kg body weight) of EJLE. Animals were acclimatized for 4 weeks and thereafter were gastric fed for 8 weeks with two doses of EJLE per week. The rats were then euthanized following cardiac functional analysis by echocardiography. The cardiac tissue sections were examined by Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated Deoxyuridine Triphosphate (dUTP) Nick End-Labeling (TUNEL) assay, histological staining and Western blotting to assess the cardio-protective effects of EJ in SHR animals. Echocardiographic measurements provided convincing evidence to support the ability of EJ to ameliorate crucial cardiac functional characteristics. Furthermore, our results reveal that supplementation of EJLE effectively attenuated cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis and also enhanced cell survival in hypertensive SHR hearts. Thus, the present study concludes that EJLE potentially provides cardio-protective effects against hypertension-induced cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis in SHR animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Ting Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Aging Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Khan Farheen Badrealam
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Sue-Fei Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei 10556, Taiwan.
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, 23 Pingguang Road, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Feng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Taichung Armed Forces Taichung General Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | | | - Shih-Chieh Liao
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science, Asia University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Philemon C A, Ngozi K A, Anthony C. E, Elizabeth E. Determination of Some Phyto-constituents Present in Terminalia catappa Endocarp Flour and Biochemical Evaluation of its Ethanolic Extract on Hepatic Indices in Male Wistar Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2018.27.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jian T, Wu Y, Ding X, Lv H, Ma L, Zuo Y, Ren B, Zhao L, Tong B, Chen J, Li W. A novel sesquiterpene glycoside from Loquat leaf alleviates oleic acid-induced steatosis and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1125-1130. [PMID: 29136950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaf has displayed beneficial effect on metabolic syndrome. In our previously study, total sesquiterpene glycosides (TSG) isolated from Loquat leaf exhibited therapeutic effect on Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in vivo, but the accurate active compound remains unknown. Sesquiterpene glycoside 1 (SG1) is a novel compound, which is exclusively isolated from Loquat leaf, but its biological activity has been rarely reported. The present study was designed to evaluate the pharmacological effect of SG1, the main component of TSG, in oleic acid (OA)-induced HepG2 cell model of NAFLD with its related mechanisms of action. In this study, both SG1 and TSG were found to significantly reduce the lipid deposition in the cell model. They could also decrease total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and intracellular free fatty acid (FFA) contents. Compared with OA-treated cells, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level increased, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal levels respectively decreased after the administration of SG1 or TSG. The high dose of SG1 (140 μg/mL) displayed a similar therapeutic effect as TSG at 200 μg/mL. Both SG1 and TSG were found to suppress the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and the phosphorylation of c-jun terminal kinase (JNK) and its downstream target c-Jun in OA-treated cell. These results demonstrate again that TSG are probably the main responsible chemical profiles of Loquat leaf for the treatment of NAFLD, for which it can effectively improve OA-induced steatosis and reduce oxidative stress, probably by downregulating of CYP2E1 expression and JNK/c-Jun phosphorylation, while SG1 may be the principle compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunyu Jian
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuexian Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ding
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Han Lv
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zuo
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bingru Ren
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bei Tong
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Weilin Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Compounds isolated from Eriobotrya deflexa leaves protect against ultraviolet radiation B-induced photoaging in human fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 175:244-253. [PMID: 28917186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation leads to skin photoaging because of the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and downregulation of type I collagen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1. Eriobotrya deflexa (Hemsl.) Nakai (Rosaceae) is a flowering plant endemic to Taiwan, and its leaves have been used as an expectorant and in antitussive folk remedy. Our previous studies have demonstrated that an E. deflexa leaf extract functions as a free radical scavenger. The current evaluated the antiphotoaging effect of partitioned fractions and specific compounds from the leaves of E. deflexa by using bioguided isolation, compound identification, and biological activity testing with UVB-irradiated human fibroblasts (WS-1 cells). E. deflexa leaves were extracted with 95% ethanol and then partitioned using a sequential treatment of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol (n-BuOH). The bioactive n-BuOH fraction was used for isolation and purification through chromatography. The compounds were identified by analyzing their physical and spectroscopic properties. We identified eight compounds from this fraction; of these compounds, 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1‴→6″)-β-d-galactopyranoside (1), hyperin (2), afzelin (5), and cryptochlorogenic acid methyl ester (7) were isolated from E. deflexa for the first time, and they exhibited MMP-1 inhibition activity. The IC50 values were 96.5, 89.5, 93.4, and 92.8μM for 1, 2, 5, and 7, respectively. These compounds also enhanced the expression of procollagen type I, and TIMP-1 and hyperin (2) were found to be most effective with IC50 values of 56.7 and 70.3μM, respectively. Hyperin (2) could reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species production in UVB-irradiated WS-1 cells, with the corresponding IC50 value being 80.7μM. Liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry was used for the quantitative and chemical fingerprint analysis of active compounds. Quercetin 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1‴→6″)-β-d-galactopyranoside (1), hyperin (2), afzelin (5), and cryptochlorogenic acid methyl ester (7) constituted 24.2±3.9, 5.5±1.0, 3.4±0.3, and 67.1±8.1mg/g of dry weight in the active n-BuOH fraction, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the extract and the isolated active compounds from E. deflexa leaves possess the potential for protection against skin photoaging.
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Jiang WP, Huang SS, Matsuda Y, Saito H, Uramaru N, Ho HY, Wu JB, Huang GJ. Protective Effects of Tormentic Acid, a Major Component of Suspension Cultures of Eriobotrya japonica Cells, on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050830. [PMID: 28524081 PMCID: PMC6154347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause hepatotoxicity and lead to fatal liver damage. The hepatoprotective effects of tormentic acid (TA) on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver damage were investigated in mice. TA was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered for six days prior to APAP administration. Pretreatment with TA prevented the elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (T-Bil), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), and liver lipid peroxide levels in APAP-treated mice and markedly reduced APAP-induced histological alterations in liver tissues. Additionally, TA attenuated the APAP-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and IL-6. Furthermore, the Western blot analysis showed that TA blocked the protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation in APAP-injured liver tissues. TA also retained the superoxidase dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in the liver. These results suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of TA may be related to its anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK activation. Antioxidative properties were also observed, as shown by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction in the liver, and decreases in lipid peroxides and ROS. Therefore, TA may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of APAP-induced liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 3620806, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 3620806, Japan.
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 3620806, Japan.
| | - Hui-Ya Ho
- Jen Li Biotech Company Ltd., Taiping District, Taichung 41143, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Bin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Footprints of domestication revealed by RAD-tag resequencing in loquat: SNP data reveals a non-significant domestication bottleneck and a single domestication event. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:354. [PMID: 28477616 PMCID: PMC5420408 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The process of crop domestication has long been a major area of research to gain insights into the history of human civilization and to understand the process of evolution. Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is one of the typical subtropical fruit trees, which was domesticated in China at least 2000 years ago. In the present study, we re-sequenced the genome of nine wild loquat accessions collected from wide geographical range and 10 representative cultivated loquat cultivars by using RAD-tag tacit to exploit the molecular footprints of domestication. Results We obtained 26.4 Gb clean sequencing data from 19 loquat accessions, with an average of 32.64 M reads per genotype. We identified more than 80,000 SNPs distributed throughout the loquat genome. The SNP density and numbers were slightly higher in the wild loquat populations than that in the cultivated populations. All cultivars were clustered together by structure, phylogenetic and PCA analyses. Conclusion The modern loquat cultivars have experienced a non-significant genetic bottleneck during domestication, and originated from a single domesticated event. Moreover, our study revealed that Hubei province of China is probably the origin center of cultivated loquat. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3738-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Jian T, Ao X, Wu Y, Lv H, Ma L, Zhao L, Tong B, Ren B, Chen J, Li W. Total sesquiterpene glycosides from Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaf alleviate high-fat diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through cytochrome P450 2E1 inhibition. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:229-237. [PMID: 28458161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by hepatic steatosis, which affects 20-40% of the population in the world. Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Leaf possesses several pharmacological actions. Many sesquiterpene glycosides were reported to be isolated exclusively from the Loquat Leaf, however, their biological activity has been rarely investigated. The present study was designed to evaluate the pharmacological effect of total sesquiterpene glycosides (TSG) in high-fat diet (HFD) induced NAFLD mice with its related mechanisms of action. Mice were fed with a normal diet or HFD for 8 weeks. TSG (25 and 100mg/kg/day), simvastatin (10mg/kg/day) or vehicle were orally administered for last 4 weeks of the 8-week HFD feeding period. From the result, it was showed that TSG significantly reduced the body weight and fat deposition in the liver of NAFLD mice. It also decreased total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) contents in the serum. Compared with NAFLD mice, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased and decreased after the administration of TSG in a dose of 100mg/kg, respectively. TSG reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity as well. Finally, TSG was found to suppress the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and the phosphorylation of c-jun terminal kinase (JNK) in NAFLD mice. In summary, this study demonstrates that TSG reduces oxidative stress by downregulating of CYP2E1 expression and JNK phosphorylation in NAFLD, and alleviates NAFLD ultimately. TSG potentially serves as bioactive compounds for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunyu Jian
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiancan Ao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - YueXian Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Han Lv
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Bei Tong
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Bingru Ren
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Weilin Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Huang S, Lin B, Li B, Tan B, Hong Y. Purification of total flavonoids from loquat leaves by macroporous resin and corresponding antioxidant capacity. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20170803010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Tumwine JK. Infectious diseases and chronic care in Africa. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15:v-vii. [PMID: 26124825 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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