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Díez G, Santos M, Boyra G, Chust G, Santurtún M, Maceira A, Mendibil I, Bilbao E, Abaroa C. Variation in the levels of anisakid infection in the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus) from the Bay of Biscay during the period 2000-2023 (ICES Subarea 8). Parasitol Res 2024; 123:95. [PMID: 38216829 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus is one of the most important commercial species in the Bay of Biscay (ICES Subarea 8), and our analysis focused on the analysis of the temporal mean abundance, prevalence, and intensity of Anisakis spp. larvae species in anchovies from ICES Subarea 8 in the years 2000, 2001, 2014-2016, and 2019-2023. Prevalence in adult individuals of anchovy was only 1% in 2000 but increased to 90% in 2014. Since 2015, the prevalence has decreased, and the number of individuals affected in 2023 accounted for 17.6%. The mean abundance showed a similar trend, with a peak of 3.79 nematodes/anchovy in 2014, falling to 0.21 in 2023. The species A. simplex sensu stricto and A. pegreffii were identified by PCR/SANGER sequencing and PCR/RLFP techniques in 2019 and 2020. Anisakis simplex (s.s.) was the most abundant species and, according to the results returned by these two techniques, it accounted for an average of 62.4% and 52.1% of total nematodes in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The results of studies monitoring infection levels in anchovies showed that the mean abundance and prevalence changed over the course of the study period and that the proportion of different species of Anisakis is also subject to variation from year to year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzmán Díez
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea Z/G, 48395, Sukarrieta, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Maria Santos
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea Z/G, 48395, Sukarrieta, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Boyra
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea Z/G, 48395, Sukarrieta, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Guillem Chust
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea Z/G, 48395, Sukarrieta, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Marina Santurtún
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea Z/G, 48395, Sukarrieta, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Arantza Maceira
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea Z/G, 48395, Sukarrieta, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iñaki Mendibil
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea Z/G, 48395, Sukarrieta, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Elisabette Bilbao
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea Z/G, 48395, Sukarrieta, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carmen Abaroa
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea Z/G, 48395, Sukarrieta, Bizkaia, Spain
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Al-Hoshani N, Al-Quraishy S, Dkhil MA, Baiomy AA, Abdel-Gaber R. First record of third-stage Terranova larval type II (Nematoda, Anisakidae) in the common ponyfish Leiognathus equulus Forsskål. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104597. [PMID: 33127534 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The current study was carried out to investigate the natural occurrence of nematode parasites that infect the common ponyfish Leiognathus equulus from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Third-stage nematode larvae were found to be encysted in the peritoneum of the fish studied, with the prevalence of infection being 25%. Light microscopy revealed that this parasite belongs to the Anisakidae family within the genus Terranova by having all the generic characteristic features. Based on the intestinal caecum ratio to the length of the ventriculus being 2:1, the excretory pore with ventral location below the boring tooth, the body ended with a conical tail; the larvae found in the present study were identified as Terranova larval type. To validate its taxonomic position within Anisakidae, this Terranova species' morphological features were combined with the ITS-1 gene's molecular analysis. It demonstrated sequence similarities 94.38-76.57% with taxa of Anisakidae. A preliminary genetic comparison between the present parasite and other ascaridoids placed it as a putative sister taxon to the previously described Terranova species. The first record of the current anisakid larvae in the common ponyfish with a unique genetic sequence for the partial sequence of the ITS-1 gene was observed in this study. Its taxonomic position was confirmed in Anisakidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Al-Hoshani
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Dkhil
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Baiomy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ascaridoid nematode larvae in wild gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) caught in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Western Mediterranean Sea): a contribute towards the parasitological risk assessment on two commercially important fish species. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gomes TL, Quiazon KMA, Kotake M, Itoh N, Yoshinaga T. Anisakis spp. in fishery products from Japanese waters: Updated insights on host prevalence and human infection risk factors. Parasitol Int 2020; 78:102137. [PMID: 32439483 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nematodes of the genus Anisakis are among the most relevant parasitic hazards in fishery products since they are responsible for human infection and allergy cases. In a food safety and epidemiological perspective, several marine hosts from different locations around Japan were examined to characterize the parasitism of Anisakis larvae. Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) showed the highest overall prevalence (100%), followed by blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) (97.5%), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) (80%), chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) (60.1%), Japanese flying squid (Todarodes pacificus) (17%) and Japanese pilchard (Sardinops sagax melanostictus) (2%). In Pacific krill (Euphausia pacifica), apart from one Hysterothylacium aduncum larva, no Anisakis specimens were detected. Anisakis simplex sensu stricto was molecularly identified (PCR-RFLP) for the first time in Japanese flying squid and Japanese pilchard distributed in the Northwestern Pacific ocean. That was the most frequent parasitic species detected followed by A. pegreffii, mostly in the western areas of Japan, hybrid genotypes between the two sibling species as well as A. typica and A. berlandi. Surprisingly, A. simplex s.s. was the most abundant species in one batch of chub mackerel from the East China Sea and A. pegreffii was the main species found in one batch from the Pacific coast of Aomori, which seems to indicate that the ranges of these two sibling species might be more variable than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Leandro Gomes
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Karl Marx A Quiazon
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Freshwater Aquaculture Center and College of Fisheries, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, Philippines
| | - Maho Kotake
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoki Itoh
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Yoshinaga
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Cavallero S, Lombardo F, Salvemini M, Pizzarelli A, Cantacessi C, D’Amelio S. Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Clues for Differences in Pathogenicity between Hysterothylacium aduncum, Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Anisakis pegreffii. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030321. [PMID: 32197414 PMCID: PMC7140869 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascaridoid nematodes are widespread in marine fishes. Despite their major socioeconomic importance, mechanisms associated to the fish-borne zoonotic disease anisakiasis are still obscure. RNA-Seq and de-novo assembly were herein applied to RNA extracted from larvae and dissected pharynx of Hysterothylacium aduncum (HA), a non-pathogenic nematode. Assembled transcripts in HA were annotated and compared to the transcriptomes of the zoonotic species Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (AS) and Anisakis pegreffii (AP). Approximately 60,000,000 single-end reads were generated for HA, AS and AP. Transcripts in HA encoded for 30,254 putative peptides while AS and AP encoded for 20,574 and 20,840 putative peptides, respectively. Differential gene expression analyses yielded 471, 612 and 526 transcripts up regulated in the pharynx of HA, AS and AP. The transcriptomes of larvae and pharynx of HA were enriched in transcripts encoding collagen, peptidases, ribosomal proteins and in heat-shock motifs. Transcripts encoding proteolytic enzymes, anesthetics, inhibitors of primary hemostasis and virulence factors, anticoagulants and immunomodulatory peptides were up-regulated in AS and AP pharynx. This study represents the first transcriptomic characterization of a marine parasitic nematode commonly recovered in fish and probably of negligible concern for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Cavallero
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (F.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Fabrizio Lombardo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (F.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Marco Salvemini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Corso Umberto I, 40, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonella Pizzarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (F.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK;
| | - Stefano D’Amelio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (F.L.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Cavallero S, El Sherif RA, Pizzarelli A, El Fituri A, El Showhdi M, Benmosa F, D’Amelio S. Occurrence of Anisakis and Hysterothylacium Nematodes in Atlantic Chub Mackerels from Libyan Coasts. Helminthologia 2019; 56:347-352. [PMID: 31708677 PMCID: PMC6818631 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2019-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of zoonotic parasitic nematodes in Atlantic chub mackerels (Scomber colias syn. Scomber japonicus) from Libyan waters was investigated, using epizootiological estimations and molecular specific characterization of larvae. Nematodes belonging to Anisakis spp., the main etiological agent of anisakiasis in Mediterranean waters, and to Hysterothylacium spp. so far considered not pathogenic to humans, were detected. Prevalence values were generally high in visceral cavities (over 40 % for both parasites) while were low for Anisakis (around 1 %) and null for Hysterothylacium in muscles. Moreover, the level of infections was associated with seasons, a feature potentially useful to plan fishing captures and to elaborate risk mitigation strategies for anisakiasis. Species molecular identification performed on a subsample described the presence of Hysterothylacium aduncum as the predominant species, along with Anisakis pegreffii and the hybrids (A. pegreffii and A. simplex sensu stricto), thus posing a concrete zoonotic risk following the consumption of such fish species as a raw preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Cavallero
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R. A. El Sherif
- Department of Quality Control and Diseases of Marine Organisms, Marine Biology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - A. Pizzarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A.A. El Fituri
- Department of Quality Control and Diseases of Marine Organisms, Marine Biology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - M. El Showhdi
- Department of Quality Control and Diseases of Marine Organisms, Marine Biology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - F. Benmosa
- Department of Quality Control and Diseases of Marine Organisms, Marine Biology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - S. D’Amelio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Song H, Jung BK, Cho J, Chang T, Huh S, Chai JY. Molecular Identification of Anisakis Larvae Extracted by Gastrointestinal Endoscopy from Health Check-up Patients in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:207-211. [PMID: 31104416 PMCID: PMC6526215 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anisakiasis is a zoonotic disease induced by anisakid nematodes, and endoscopic inspection is used for a diagnosis or remedy for it. Anisakis simplex, Anisakis physeteris, and Pseudoterranova decipiens had been reported to be the major species causing human infections, particularly, in Japan. However, in Korea, recent studies strongly suggested that Anisakis pegreffii is the major species of human infections. To support this suggestion, we collected anisakid larvae (n=20) from 20 human patients who were undergone gastrointestinal endoscopy at a health check-up center in Korea, and molecular identification was performed on the larvae using PCR-RFLP analysis and gene sequencing of rDNA ITS regions and mtDNA cox2. In addition, anisakid larvae (n=53) collected from the sea eel (Astroconger myriaster) were also examined for comparison with those extracted from humans. The results showed that all human samples (100%) were identified as A. pegreffii, whereas 90.7% of the samples from the sea eel were A. pegreffii with the remaining 9.3% being Hysterothylacium aduncum. Our study confirmed that A. pegreffii is the predominant species causing human anisakiasis in Korea, and this seems to be due to the predominance of this larval type in the fish (sea eels) popularly consumed by the Korean people. The possibility of human infection with H. aduncum in Korea is also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemi Song
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Jaeeun Cho
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Taehee Chang
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Sun Huh
- Department of Parasitology and Institute of Medical Education, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea.,Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Prevalence and Risk of Anisakid Larvae in Fresh Fish Frequently Consumed in Spain: An Overview. FISHES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes4010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Anisakidosis is a fish-borne zoonosis caused by parasitic nematodes of the family Anisakidae, of which the species belonging to Anisakis simplex complex are the most representative. It is considered an emerging disease in Spain. The objective of this study is to analyse the presence of larvae in fish frequently consumed in Spanish supermarkets, inferring the risk of infection. In total 1,786 specimens of 9 different fish species, from two geographical origins (Atlantic and Mediterranean), acquired fresh and not eviscerated were examined for anisakid nematodes. Analysis showed that 33.7% of the samples were parasitized by Anisakis larvae. The horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) presented the highest total prevalence (66.0%), followed by the silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) (59.5%), the mackerel (Scomber scombrus) (58.4%), the blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) (53.9%) and the European hake (Merlucius merlucius) (45.0%). In general, the prevalence was higher in Atlantic than in Mediterranean fish. In all the species analysed, a higher presence of the parasite was detected in the viscera than in the flesh, although in the most parasitized species a noteworthy prevalence and abundance was observed in the flesh. In conclusion, risk factors, like fish species and origin, should be considered by consumers, in addition of following the recommendations established by Commission Regulation (EU) No1276/2011 and the Spanish Royal Decree 1420/2006.
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Goffredo E, Azzarito L, Di Taranto P, Mancini ME, Normanno G, Didonna A, Faleo S, Occhiochiuso G, D'Attoli L, Pedarra C, Pinto P, Cammilleri G, Graci S, Sciortino S, Costa A. Prevalence of anisakid parasites in fish collected from Apulia region (Italy) and quantification of nematode larvae in flesh. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 292:159-170. [PMID: 30599456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anisakis spp. and Hysterothylacium spp. are nematodes that commonly parasitize several fish species. Nematode larvae can be recovered in coelomic cavity and viscera, but also in flesh and have an important economic and public health impact. A total of 1144 subjects of wild teleosts, 340 samples of cephalopods and 128 specimens of farmed fish collected from Apulia region were analysed for anisakid larvae detection by visual inspection of coelomic cavity and viscera and by digestion of the flesh. No nematode larvae were found in farmed fish and cephalopod molluscs. All examined wild-caught fish species were parasitized, except for 5 species for each of which only a few subjects belonging to the same batch were sampled, therefore the results are just indicative. A total of 6153 larvae were isolated; among these, 271 larvae were found in the muscular portion. Larvae were identified by morphological method as belonging to the genera Anisakis (97.2%) (type I and type II) and Hysterothylacium (2.8%). Both nematodes could be found in all fish species, except for round sardinella (Sardinella aurita), infected only by Hysterothylacium spp. and for Mediterranean scaldfish (Arnoglossus laterna), little tunny (Euthynnus alleteratus) and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) infected only with Anisakis spp.. A sample of 185 larvae was sent to the National Reference Centre for Anisakiasis (C.Re.N.A.) of Sicily for identification at the species level: 180 larvae belonged to the species A. pegreffii and 2 larvae to A. physeteris. The remaining 3 larvae were identified at genus level as Hysterothylacium. Statistical indices such as prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance were calculated. Chub mackerel (S. japonicus) was the species with the highest prevalence and mean intensity. Moreover, the average and the median values of larvae per 100 g of edible part for each fish species were determined to estimate the consumer exposure to Anisakis spp.. The obtained values were then recalculated by referring to the edible part of all specimens (infected and non-infected) forming a single parasitized batch, getting more realistic and objective data useful for risk assessment. Our results indicate that the consumption of raw or undercooked wild fish caught off Apulian coasts could result in the acquisition of anisakiasis; on the contrary, farmed fish and cephalopods appear to be safer for the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Goffredo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Laura Azzarito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pietro Di Taranto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria E Mancini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Normanno
- Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonella Didonna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Simona Faleo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gilda Occhiochiuso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi D'Attoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmine Pedarra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Pinto
- Regione Puglia Servizio Sicurezza Alimentare e Sanità Veterinaria, Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cammilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, National Reference Centre for Anisakiasis (C.Re.N.A.), Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Graci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, National Reference Centre for Anisakiasis (C.Re.N.A.), Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Sciortino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, National Reference Centre for Anisakiasis (C.Re.N.A.), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Costa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, National Reference Centre for Anisakiasis (C.Re.N.A.), Palermo, Italy
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Occurrence of Anisakis and Hysterothylacium larvae in commercial fish from Balearic Sea (Western Mediterranean Sea). Parasitol Res 2018; 117:4003-4012. [PMID: 30327920 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the occurrence of anisakids and raphidascarids in commercial fish from Balearic Sea (Western Mediterranean). A total of 335 fish including 19 black anglerfish (Lophius budegassa), 33 white anglerfish (L. piscatorius), 129 European hake (Merluccius merluccius), 30 red mullet (Mullus barbatus), and 124 striped mullet (M. surmuletus) were examined using enzymatic digestion. A total of 948 nematode larvae were isolated (prevalence 52.53%) being the highest prevalence observed in striped mullet. Forty-six larvae were identified using molecular analyses which included PCR and sequencing of the 629-bp fragment of mitochondrial cox2 gene region. Anisakis pegreffii (80.43%), A. physeteris (8.69%), Hysterothylacium fabri (6.52%), and A. simplex (4.35%) were detected based on molecular analyses of larvae. Total nematode prevalence was positively correlated with weight, length, condition factor, and maturity stage of the host and also with fishing ground depth. Statistical differences between total nematode prevalence and geographical sector of capture were observed when fishing hauls were grouped according to the abundance of sperm whales or common bottlenose dolphins. The results also corroborate that fishing water depth may play an important role in anisakid and raphidascarid parasitization.
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Guardone L, Armani A, Nucera D, Costanzo F, Mattiucci S, Bruschi F. Human anisakiasis in Italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades. Parasite 2018; 25:41. [PMID: 30058531 PMCID: PMC6065268 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2018034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective analysis on human anisakiasis in Italy since its first description in 1996 was performed by conducting a literature search. Inclusion criteria based on the presence of a larva and on parasite identification were applied. Epidemiological data and clinical features were analysed. Particular attention was paid to the source of infection. In total, 73 cases were included in the analysis, while 34 were excluded. Cases were reported from eight Italian regions, most frequently Abruzzo, Apulia and Latium. The parasite was detected by endoscopy (51.4%) or laparotomy (48.6%). The site of infection was intestinal (42.5%), gastric (43.8%), oesophageal (1.4%) or ectopic (12.3%). Most of the parasites (71.0%) were identified as Anisakis sp. or A. simplex (s.l.). However, when molecular methods were used (21 cases), A. pegreffii was always identified. In most of the patients (65.7%), the source of infection was raw or undercooked anchovies, followed by "anchovies or sardines" (15.1%), generic "raw seafood" (15.1%), and sardines (1.4%). In only 2 cases (2.7%), the source was not available. This is the first systematic analysis of Italian cases of anisakiasis. The main conclusions derived from the results are: i) attention should be given to the history, in particular when raw marinated anchovies, proven to be the main source of human anisakiasis in Italy, are consumed; ii) in order to assess correct epidemiological data, a confirmed and specific etiological identification should always be sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Guardone
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FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Via delle Piagge 2 56124
Pisa Italy
| | - Andrea Armani
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FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Via delle Piagge 2 56124
Pisa Italy
| | - Daniele Nucera
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Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science, University of Turin Largo Braccini 2 10095
Grugliasco – Torino Italy
| | - Francesco Costanzo
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FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Via delle Piagge 2 56124
Pisa Italy
| | - Simonetta Mattiucci
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Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, “Sapienza – University of Rome”, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti P.le Aldo Moro, 5 00185
Rome Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bruschi
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Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., School of Medicine, University of Pisa via Roma, 55 56126
Pisa Italy
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12
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Costa A, Graci S, Cammilleri G, Buscemi MD, Collura R, Vella A, Ferrantelli V. Molecular Identification of Hysterothylacium spp. In Fishes From the Southern Mediterranean Sea (Southern Italy). J Parasitol 2018; 104:398-406. [PMID: 29762080 DOI: 10.1645/16-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Samples obtained from 11 teleost fish species collected in waters off of the Mediterranean coasts of Sicily, Italy, were examined for the presence of Hysterothylacium spp. larvae. In total, 3,017 fish samples were examined, and the larvae recovered were used in subsequent phylogenetic studies. Fifty-eight raphidascaridid parasitic nematodes were found in the examined fish, with prevalence values ranging from 0.2% in anchovies to 60% in forkbeard samples. Twenty-seven parasites were identified as Hysterothylacium fabri and Hysterothylacium aduncum by sequencing the following regions: the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer ( ITS) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II ( COXII). Two other larvae collected from Lophius piscatorius had very low identity scores, with ITS and COXII sequences reported in GenBank and high genetic distances (AY603539). Pairwise comparisons between the ITS region of the H. fabri isolated from fishes from Sicilian coastal waters and those isolated from the Mediterranean Sea, Turkey (KC852206), revealed genetic differences ranging from 0.015 to 0.018. Our H. aduncum samples had very low genetic differences to H. aduncum from the Adriatic Sea (KP979763, 0.00-0.003). The concatenated phylogenetic examination of the ITS- COXII sequences by using maximum likelihood analyses indicated 3 distinct clades supported by high bootstrap values. Further molecular identification and detailed morphological analyses are needed to clarify these results and confirm the diversity and relationships within Hysterothylacium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Costa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Graci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cammilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Drussilla Buscemi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Collura
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Vella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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13
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Gazzonis AL, Cavallero S, Zanzani SA, Olivieri E, Malandra R, Ranghieri V, D'Amelio S, Manfredi MT. Anisakis sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. larvae in anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) and chub mackerel (Scomber colias) in the Mediterranean Sea: Molecular identification and risk factors. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Guardone L, Nucera D, Pergola V, Costanzo F, Costa E, Tinacci L, Guidi A, Armani A. Visceral larvae as a predictive index of the overall level of fish batch infection in European anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus): A rapid procedure for Food Business Operators to assess marketability. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 250:12-18. [PMID: 28359911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), one of the most important pelagic fish resources in the Mediterranean Sea, is frequently infected by anisakid larvae. Food Business Operators (FBOs) should use appropriate sampling plans and analytical methods to avoid commercialization of massively infected batches and reduce the risk of transmission of viable zoonotic larvae. In this study, performed at FishLab (Department of Veterinary Sciences of the University of Pisa) during 2016, an official sampling plan was associated with a digestion protocol for the inspection of anchovies. Considering that anisakid larvae are usually located in the fish visceral cavity and in the adjacent muscles (VM), this part was analyzed. In particular, we assessed the reliability of the digestion of a subsample of 150g (±30g) of VM, randomly collected from 29 specimens, in estimating the marketability of the anchovies' batch. Fifty-seven samples of 29 anchovies were collected. Each anchovy was sectioned to separate VM. All the subsamples were digested, and visible larvae counted. A high correlation between the number of larvae in VM regions and in the total batch was observed, indicating a very significant contribution of the VM region on total number of parasites. The Mean Abundance (MA) was used to assess the batch marketability according to a threshold calculated on the basis of the maximum number of nematodes tolerated per sample. Considering that the MA can be calculated only when the number of examined specimens is known, the number of visible Larvae per gram of tissue (LpG) was calculated on 150g (±30g) of VM subsamples. A LpG marketability threshold was calculated dividing the maximum number of tolerated nematodes by the average weight of a sample of 29 anchovies calculated considering data available in literature. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the LpG threshold, the marketability of 57 batches assessed on the basis of the MA threshold was assumed as the gold standard. The proposed LpG showed very high Specificity and Sensitivity. These findings suggest that the analysis of VM is representative of the overall infestation of the batch, both when considering the absolute number of parasites and the LpG, and may represent a valid alternative to the whole anchovy digestion. In particular, the use of an automated digestive method, coupled with the aforesaid sampling plan, could allow the procedure to be used by FBOs in operational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guardone
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Nucera
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - V Pergola
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Costanzo
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Costa
- Veterinary Local Health Service 5 Spezzino, Via Fiume 137, 19122 La Spezia, Italy
| | - L Tinacci
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Guidi
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Armani
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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15
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Zanelli M, Ragazzi M, Fiorino S, Foroni M, Cecinato P, Del Mar Jordana Sanchez M, Ascani S, De Marco L. An Italian case of intestinal anisakiasis with a presurgical diagnosis: Could this parasite represent an emerging disease? Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:558-564. [PMID: 28325642 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anisakiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the consumption of raw fish containing larvae of the Anisakis species. Since the first description in 1960 of a patient suffering from this pathogen, in the Netherlands, most of the cases have been reported in Japan, where consumption of raw fish is common, but the number of cases is increasing worldwide. The first case identified in Italy dates back to 1996 and a few cases have been reported since then. In Italy the intestinal form occurs almost as frequently as the gastric form, which is far more frequent in Japan. Intestinal Anisakiasis represents a diagnostic challenge as it is clinically misdiagnosed and most of the patients require surgery due to the occurrence of complications such as bowel occlusion or perforation. Practically no cases of the intestinal form are diagnosed preoperatively. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of intestinal Anisakiasis in which surgery was avoided, due to a prompt diagnosis suspected on intestinal biopsies. A literature review of Anisakiasis cases reported in Italy is also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Zanelli
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Moira Ragazzi
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Sirio Fiorino
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale di Medicina Interna C, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy
| | - Moira Foroni
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Paolo Cecinato
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Ascani
- Institute of Pathology, Ospedale di Terni, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Loredana De Marco
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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16
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Kuhn T, Cunze S, Kochmann J, Klimpel S. Environmental variables and definitive host distribution: a habitat suitability modelling for endohelminth parasites in the marine realm. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30246. [PMID: 27507328 PMCID: PMC4995312 DOI: 10.1038/srep30246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine nematodes of the genus Anisakis are common parasites of a wide range of aquatic organisms. Public interest is primarily based on their importance as zoonotic agents of the human Anisakiasis, a severe infection of the gastro-intestinal tract as result of consuming live larvae in insufficiently cooked fish dishes. The diverse nature of external impacts unequally influencing larval and adult stages of marine endohelminth parasites requires the consideration of both abiotic and biotic factors. Whereas abiotic factors are generally more relevant for early life stages and might also be linked to intermediate hosts, definitive hosts are indispensable for a parasite’s reproduction. In order to better understand the uneven occurrence of parasites in fish species, we here use the maximum entropy approach (Maxent) to model the habitat suitability for nine Anisakis species accounting for abiotic parameters as well as biotic data (definitive hosts). The modelled habitat suitability reflects the observed distribution quite well for all Anisakis species, however, in some cases, habitat suitability exceeded the known geographical distribution, suggesting a wider distribution than presently recorded. We suggest that integrative modelling combining abiotic and biotic parameters is a valid approach for habitat suitability assessments of Anisakis, and potentially other marine parasite species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kuhn
- Goethe-University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre; Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung; Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sarah Cunze
- Goethe-University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre; Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung; Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Judith Kochmann
- Goethe-University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre; Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung; Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sven Klimpel
- Goethe-University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre; Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung; Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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17
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Meistro S, Pezzolato M, Muscolino D, Giarratana F, Baioni E, Panebianco A, Bozzetta E. Histology as a Valid Tool To Differentiate Fresh from Frozen-Thawed Marinated Fish. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1457-9. [PMID: 27497137 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
European Commission Regulation (EU) 1276/2011 requires that fishery products intended for raw consumption be frozen at -20°C for not less than 24 h or at -35°C for at least 15 h in order to kill viable parasites other than trematodes. But because marinating processes are not always effective in destroying nematode larvae, raw marinated fish preparations should be frozen before consumption. This study evaluated the performance of a standardized histological method to distinguish between fresh and frozen-thawed raw marinated fish. Sixty anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) fillets were sampled: 30 were marinated at +4°C for 24 h, and 30 were frozen at -20°C for 24 h before being marinated for 24 h. All 60 samples were fixed in formalin, processed for paraffin embedding, cut, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The slide preparations were examined microscopically by three independent histopathologists and classified as frozen-thawed or negative according to standard operating procedure criteria in use at our laboratory. Performance evaluation of the method showed 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 88.4 to 100%) and 100% specificity (95% CI, 88.4 to 100%), and the interrater agreement (Cohen's kappa) was 1 (95% CI, 0.85 to 1). Histology proved a valid and reliable tool to distinguish fresh from frozen-thawed marinated fish. It can be applied to deliver safe raw fishery products to consumers in order to minimize the risk of anisakidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Meistro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Muscolino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Filippo Giarratana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Elisa Baioni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Panebianco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
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18
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Madrid E, Gil F, García M, Debenedetti ÁL, Trelis M, Fuentes MV. Potential risk analysis of human anisakiasis through the consumption of mackerel, Scomber scombrus, sold at Spanish supermarkets. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Larval migration of the zoonotic parasite Anisakis pegreffii (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus: Implications to seafood safety. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Ferrer-Maza D, Lloret J, Muñoz M, Faliex E, Vila S, Sasal P. Links between parasitism, energy reserves and fecundity of European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cov069. [PMID: 27293748 PMCID: PMC4732407 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cov069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus L. 1758, is one of the most sought-after target species in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. However, this stock currently consists of small individuals, and landings are reported to have decreased considerably. The main purpose of this study was to assess, for the first time, the interrelationships between size, fecundity, energy reserves and parasitism in female anchovies, in order to analyse the potential implications for the health of northwestern Mediterranean anchovy stocks arising from the current shortage of large individuals. Results revealed that smaller individuals show lower fecundity, lower lipid content and a higher intensity of certain parasites. As it is known that smaller individuals now predominate in the population, the relationships found in this study indicate that the health of anchovies from the northwestern Mediterranean is currently impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Ferrer-Maza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Girona E-17071, Spain
- Corresponding author: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, s/n, E-17071 Girona, Spain. Tel: +34 972 418 269.
| | - Josep Lloret
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Girona E-17071, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Girona E-17071, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Faliex
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5110, Perpignan F-66860, France
| | - Sílvia Vila
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Girona E-17071, Spain
| | - Pierre Sasal
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Corail, CRIOBE, USR 3278 – CNRS – EPHE, CBETM – Université de Perpignan & BP 1013 – 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
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21
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Cavallero S, Magnabosco C, Civettini M, Boffo L, Mingarelli G, Buratti P, Giovanardi O, Fortuna CM, Arcangeli G. Survey of Anisakis sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. in sardines and anchovies from the North Adriatic Sea. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 200:18-21. [PMID: 25662709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of larval Anisakidae and Raphidascarididae in anchovies and sardines from the North Adriatic Sea has been estimated. Anisakis pegreffii and Hysterothylacium aduncum were reported, with low prevalence values. In brief, a total amount of 7650 fish specimens collected between September 2011 and 2012 were analysed using three different inspection analyses: a visual inspection of the coelomic cavity, an examination of the viscera exploiting the positive hydro-tropism of the larvae (modified Baermann technique) and enzymatic digestion of muscular tissue pools. Low level of infestation was reported for Anisakis sp. in both in anchovies and sardines, while higher values were reported for Hysterothylacium sp. Subsamples of nematodes collected were characterized at species level using the molecular diagnostic key based on ITS nuclear ribosomal region, and A. pegreffii and H. aduncum were identified. The low prevalence of Anisakis sp. in sardines and anchovies from the North Adriatic Sea could be related to the peculiar distribution of cetaceans and carnivorous zooplankton in the investigated region and could be used as a potential tag to define oily fishes from this specific fishing area as at low-risk for anisakiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cavallero
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, P.le Aldo Moro, 5-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - C Magnabosco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, V.le Università, 10-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - M Civettini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, V.le Università, 10-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - L Boffo
- Veterinary Public Service, AULSSn. 14, Chioggia, Venice, Italy
| | - G Mingarelli
- Veterinary Public Service, AULSSn. 14, Chioggia, Venice, Italy
| | - P Buratti
- Veterinary Public Service, AULSSn. 14, Chioggia, Venice, Italy
| | - O Giovanardi
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, ISPRA, Loc. Brondolo, Chioggia, Venice, Italy
| | - C M Fortuna
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, ISPRA, Via Curtatone, 3, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - G Arcangeli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, V.le Università, 10-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
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22
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Cavallero S, Costa A, Caracappa S, Gambetta B, D'Amelio S. Putative hybrids between two Anisakis cryptic species: molecular genotyping using High Resolution Melting. Exp Parasitol 2014; 146:87-93. [PMID: 25241034 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The genus Anisakis includes nine recognized species and the complex of cryptic species Anisakis simplex s. l. is often associated with the human disease known as anisakiasis. During the last decades the use of nuclear ribosomal ITS allowed the identification and description of numerous anisakid nematodes and the discovery of recombinant genotypes or putative hybrids even in other parasitic helminths, such as those between A. simplex sensu stricto and A. pegreffii. The existence of pure hybrids of the two sibling species has been long debated due to the large recovery of larval forms from sympatric areas and the rare observation of adult hybrids. The aims of the present report were to identify anisakid nematodes collected from Stenella coeruleoalba using PCR-RFLP of ITS and to focus the interest on hybrid forms using a High Resolution Melting (HRM) and direct sequencing analyses, since the new record of putative hybrid at adult stage. The PCR-RFLP analysis enabled to identify A. simplex s.s., A. pegreffii, the heterozygous genotype of the two species and A. physeteris. The use of the genotyping approach based on HRM confirmed the profiles of the two species A. simplex s.s. and A. pegreffii, and of the hybrid individuals. The new record of adult hybrids in definitive hosts rekindles the long debate about their existence and their evolutionary meaning. Since the reproductive isolation between A. simplex s.s. and A. pegreffii is the assumption for their existence as separated species, the use of alternative molecular markers and population genetic studies on adult anisakids are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cavallero
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - A Costa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Italy
| | - S Caracappa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Italy
| | - B Gambetta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - S D'Amelio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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23
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Serracca L, Battistini R, Rossini I, Carducci A, Verani M, Prearo M, Tomei L, De Montis G, Ercolini C. Food safety considerations in relation to Anisakis pegreffii in anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardines (Sardina pilchardus) fished off the Ligurian Coast (Cinque Terre National Park, NW Mediterranean). Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 190:79-83. [PMID: 25203618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Engraulis encrasicolus and Sardina pilchardus are pelagic fishes of notable economic and gastronomic importance in the northwest Mediterranean (Ligurian Sea, Italy). The consumption of thermally unprocessed or lightly processed, marinated or salted anchovies and sardines presents a potential risk to acquire anisakiasis, a fish-borne parasitic disease in humans. Prevalence and abundance of Anisakis larvae in Engraulis encrasicolus and Sardina pilchardus from the Monterosso fishing grounds (Cinque Terre National Park, Ligurian Sea, Italy) were assessed, and the larvae were identified by morphological and PCR-RFLP methods. Anisakis larvae, all belonging to Anisakis pegreffii spp. were found in the visceral mass of 1050 anchovies (0.8% overall prevalence), whereas no Anisakis larvae were found in the 750 sardines examined. According to these data, the risk of acquiring anisakiasis from the consumption of raw or undercooked anchovies and sardines caught in the fishing area we investigated is very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serracca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Sezione La Spezia, Marine Microbiology Laboratory, Italy.
| | - Roberta Battistini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Sezione La Spezia, Marine Microbiology Laboratory, Italy
| | - Irene Rossini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Sezione La Spezia, Marine Microbiology Laboratory, Italy
| | - Annalaura Carducci
- Hygiene and Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Verani
- Hygiene and Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Laboratorio di Ittiopatologia, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Tomei
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Sezione La Spezia, Marine Microbiology Laboratory, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Montis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Sezione La Spezia, Marine Microbiology Laboratory, Italy
| | - Carlo Ercolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Sezione La Spezia, Marine Microbiology Laboratory, Italy
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