1
|
Sharma P, Mahongnao S, Ahamad A, Gupta R, Goel A, Kumar N, Nanda S. 16S rRNA metagenomic profiling of red amaranth grown organically with different composts and soils. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:129. [PMID: 38229333 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent years organic food is gaining popularity as it is believed to promote better human health and improve soil sustainability, but there are apprehensions about pathogens in organic produces. This study was designed to understand the effect of different composts and soils on the status of the microbiome present in organically grown leafy vegetables. 16S rRNA metagenomic profiling of the leaves was done, and data were analyzed. It was found that by adding composts, the OTU of the microbiome in the organic produce was higher than in the conventional produce. The beneficial genera identified across the samples included plant growth promoters (Achromobacter, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Sphingobacterium) and probiotics (Lactobacillus), which were higher in the organic produce. Some pathogenic genera, viz., plant pathogenic bacteria (Cellvibrio, Georgenia) and human pathogenic bacteria (Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, Streptococcus, Streptomyces) were also found but with relatively low counts in the organic produce. Thus, the present study highlights that organic produce has lesser pathogen contamination than the conventional produce. KEY POINTS: • 16S rRNA metagenomics profiling done for organic red amaranth cultivar • Microbial richness varied with respect to the soil and compost type used • The ratio of beneficial to pathogenic genera improves with the addition of compost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, 4, Patel Marg, Maurice Nagar, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sophayo Mahongnao
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, 4, Patel Marg, Maurice Nagar, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Arif Ahamad
- Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Radhika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, 4, Patel Marg, Maurice Nagar, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anita Goel
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, 4, Patel Marg, Maurice Nagar, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, 4, Patel Marg, Maurice Nagar, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sarita Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, 4, Patel Marg, Maurice Nagar, Delhi, 110007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
El-Bastawisy HS, El-Sayyad GS, Abu Safe FA. Detection of hemolytic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in fresh vegetables and efficiency of phytogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles by Syzygium aromaticum extract and gamma radiation against isolated pathogens. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:262. [PMID: 37723460 PMCID: PMC10508014 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is a major cause of foodborne diseases accompanied by several clinical illnesses in humans. This research aimed to isolate, identify, and combat STEC using novel alternative treatments, researchers have lately investigated using plant extract to produce nanoparticles in an environmentally acceptable way. At various gamma-ray doses, gamma irradiation is used to optimize the conditions for the biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using an aqueous extract of clove as a reducing and stabilizing agent. METHODS On a specific medium, 120 vegetable samples were screened to isolate STEC and molecularly identified using real-time PCR. Moreover, the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of biogenically synthesized Ag NPs against the isolated STEC were examined. RESULTS Twenty-five out of 120 samples of eight types of fresh vegetables tested positive for E. coli, as confirmed by 16S rRNA, of which three were positive for the presence of Stx-coding genes, and six were partially hemolytic. Seven antibiotic disks were used to determine antibiotic susceptibility; the results indicated that isolate STX2EC had the highest antibiotic resistance. The results demonstrated that Ag NPs were highly effective against the STEC isolates, particularly the isolate with the highest drug resistance, with inhibition zones recorded as 19 mm for STX2EC, 11 mm for STX1EC1, and 10 mm for STX1EC2 at a concentration of 108 µg/mL. MICs of the isolates STX1EC1, and STX1EC2 were 13.5 µg/mL whereas it was detected as 6.75 µg/mL for STX2EC. The percentages of biofilm inhibition for STX1EC2, STX1EC1, and STX2EC, were 78.7%, 76.9%, and 71.19%, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the biogenic Ag NPs can be utilized as a new promising antibacterial agent to combat biofouling on surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan S El-Bastawisy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Feriala A Abu Safe
- Botany Department, Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Padovani NFA, Santos TS, Almeida P, Dias M, Mendes MA, Cesar ASM, Maffei DF. Salmonella and other Enterobacteriaceae in conventional and organic vegetables grown in Brazilian farms. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1055-1064. [PMID: 36811768 PMCID: PMC10235262 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the microbiological profile of conventional and organic vegetables grown in Brazilian farms through the detection of Salmonella and other Enterobacteriaceae. A total of 200 samples (100 conventional and 100 organic), including leafy greens, spices/herbs, and other unusual vegetables, were submitted to the enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae by plating on VRBG agar. Moreover, colonies of Enterobacteriaceae were randomly selected and submitted to identification by MALDI-TOF MS. Samples were also tested for Salmonella, using culture-based and PCR-based enrichment methods. The mean counts of Enterobacteriaceae in conventional and organic vegetables were 5.1 ± 1.5 and 5.4 ± 1.4 log CFU/g, respectively (P > 0.05). A total of 18 genera (including 38 species) of Enterobacteriaceae were identified, and the most frequent ones found in samples from both farming systems were Enterobacter (76%) and Pantoea (68%). Salmonella was identified in 17 samples (8.5%): nine (4.5%) in conventional and eight (4.0%) in organic vegetables. These results indicate that the farming system had no impact on the Enterobacteriaceae populations and rates of Salmonella and revealed unsatisfactory microbiological safety of some samples, mainly due to the presence of Salmonella. These findings highlight the need for control measures during vegetable production, regardless of the farming system, to reduce microbial contamination and the risks of foodborne illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle F A Padovani
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, CP9, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Santos
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, CP9, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Almeida
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, CP9, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Meriellen Dias
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Anita Mendes
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline S M Cesar
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, CP9, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Daniele F Maffei
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, CP9, 13418-900, Brazil.
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao X, Sun Y, Ma Y, Xu Y, Guan H, Wang D. Research advances on the contamination of vegetables by Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: pathways, processes and interaction. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4833-4847. [PMID: 36377729 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2146045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli is considered one of the primary bacterial pathogens that cause foodborne diseases because it can survive in meat, vegetables and so on. Understanding of the effect of vegetable characteristics on the adhesion and proliferation process of EHEC is necessary to develop control measures. In this review, the amount and methods of adhesion, the internalization pathway and proliferation process of EHEC have been described during the vegetable contamination. Types, cultivars, tissue characteristics, leaf age, and damage degree can affect EHEC adhesion on vegetables. EHEC cells contaminate the root surface of vegetables through soil and further internalize. It can also contaminate the stem scar tissue of vegetables by rain or irrigation water and internalize the vertical axis, as well as the stomata, necrotic lesions and damaged tissues of vegetable leaves. After EHEC adhered to the vegetables, they may further proliferate and form biofilms. Leaf and fruit tissues were more sensitive to biofilm formation, and shedding rate of biofilms on epidermis tissue was faster. Insights into the mechanisms of vegetable contamination by EHEC, including the role of exopolysaccharides and proteins responsible for movement, adhesion and oxidative stress response could reveal the molecular mechanism by which EHEC contaminates vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yeting Sun
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Xu
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyang Guan
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Castulo-Arcos DA, Adame-Gómez R, Castro-Alarcón N, Galán-Luciano A, Santiago Dionisio MC, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Perez-Olais JH, Toribio-Jiménez J, Ramirez-Peralta A. Genetic diversity of enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus strains in coriander in southwestern Mexico. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13667. [PMID: 35795180 PMCID: PMC9252179 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coriander, like other leafy green vegetables, is available all year round and is commonly consumed raw in Mexico as in other countries in the preparation of street or homemade food. Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) is a microorganism that can reach coriander because it is usually found in the soil and in some regions the vegetables are irrigated with polluted water. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determinate the presence of B. cereus in coriander used for human consumption in southwestern Mexico and determine the toxigenic profile, biofilm production, genes associated with the production of biofilms, sporulation rates, enzymatic profile, psychotropic properties, and genetic diversity of B. cereus. Methods Fresh coriander samples were collected from several vegetable retailers in different markets, microbiological analysis was performed. Molecular identification, genes related to the production of biofilm, and toxin gene profiling of B. cereus isolates were determined by PCR. The biofilm formation was measured by performing a crystal violet assay. The genetic diversity of B. cereus strains was determined by PCR of repetitive elements using oligonucleotide (GTG) 5. Results We found a frequency of B. cereus in vegetables was 20% (13/65). In this study, no strains with genes for the HBL toxin were found. In the case of genes related to biofilms, the frequency was low for sipW [5.8%, (1/17)] and tasA [11.7%, (2/17)]. B. cereus strains produce a low amount of biofilm with sporulation rates around 80%. As for genetic diversity, we observed that strains isolated from the same market, but different vegetable retailers are grouped into clusters. In the coriander marketed in southwestern Mexico, were found B. cereus strains with genes associated with the production of diarrheal toxins. Together, these results show actual information about the state of art of B. cereus strains circulating in the southwestern of Mexico.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alexander Castulo-Arcos
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patometabolismo Microbiano/Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Roberto Adame-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patometabolismo Microbiano/Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Natividad Castro-Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología/Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Aketzalli Galán-Luciano
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patometabolismo Microbiano/Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - María Cristina Santiago Dionisio
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Análisis Microbiológicos/Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Marco A. Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biomedicina Molecular/Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Jose-Humberto Perez-Olais
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular/Unidad Cuajimalpa, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jeiry Toribio-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Microbiologia Molecular y Biotecnologia Ambiental/Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ramirez-Peralta
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patometabolismo Microbiano/Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Murphy SI, Chen R, Belias AM, Chen W, Zhang LQ, Sunil S, Bulut E, Li Y, Wiedmann M, Ivanek R. Growth and survival of aerobic and Gram-negative bacteria on fresh spinach in a Chinese supply chain from harvest through distribution and refrigerated storage. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 370:109639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
7
|
Huang J, Mi J, Yan Q, Wen X, Zhou S, Wang Y, Ma B, Zou Y, Liao X, Wu Y. Animal manures application increases the abundances of antibiotic resistance genes in soil-lettuce system associated with shared bacterial distributions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147667. [PMID: 34004530 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An increasing amount of animal manures is being used in agriculture, and the effect of animal manures application on the abundance of antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in soil-plant system has attracted widespread attention. However, the impacts of animal manures application on the various types of bacterial distribution that occur in soil-lettuce system are unclear. To address this topic, the effects of poultry manure, swine manure or chemical fertilizer application on ARG abundance and the distribution of shared bacteria were investigated in this study. In a lettuce pot experiment, 13 ARGs and 2 MGEs were quantified by qPCR, and bacterial communities in the soil, lettuce endosphere and lettuce phyllosphere were analysed by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The results showed that the application of poultry or swine manure significantly increased ARG abundance in the soil, a result attributed mainly to increases in the abundances of tetG and tetC. The application of poultry manure, swine manure and chemical fertilizer significantly increased ARG abundance in the lettuce endosphere, and tetG abundance was significantly increased in the poultry and swine manure groups. However, animal manures application did not significantly increase ARG abundance in the lettuce phyllosphere. Flavobacteriaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and 11 other bacterial families were the shared bacteria in the soil, lettuce endosphere, and phyllosphere. The Streptomycetaceae and Methylobacteriaceae were significantly positively correlated with intI1 in both the soil and endosphere. Chemical fertilizer application increased both the proportions of Sphingomonadaceae and tetX abundance, which were positively correlated in the endosphere. Comamonadaceae and Flavobacteriaceae were not detected in the lettuce endosphere under swine manure application. Cu was related to Flavobacteriaceae in the lettuce endosphere. Overall, poultry and swine manure application significantly increased ARG abundance in the soil-lettuce system, which might be due to the shared bacterial distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jielan Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiandui Mi
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization of Livestock Waste, Yunfu, Xinxing 527400, China
| | - Qiufan Yan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shizheng Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization of Livestock Waste, Yunfu, Xinxing 527400, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Foshan Customs Comprehensive Technology Center, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yongde Zou
- Foshan Customs Comprehensive Technology Center, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization of Livestock Waste, Yunfu, Xinxing 527400, China
| | - Yinbao Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization of Livestock Waste, Yunfu, Xinxing 527400, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Frentzel H, Juraschek K, Pauly N, Kelner-Burgos Y, Wichmann-Schauer H. Indications of biopesticidal Bacillus thuringiensis strains in bell pepper and tomato. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 321:108542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
9
|
Anal AK, Perpetuini G, Petchkongkaew A, Tan R, Avallone S, Tofalo R, Nguyen HV, Chu-Ky S, Ho PH, Phan TT, Waché Y. Food safety risks in traditional fermented food from South-East Asia. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
10
|
Paudyal N, Pan H, Liao X, Zhang X, Li X, Fang W, Yue M. A Meta-Analysis of Major Foodborne Pathogens in Chinese Food Commodities Between 2006 and 2016. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 15:187-197. [PMID: 29652195 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in food commodities in China have been reported in numerous publications over time. However, the results are scattered and varied. To calculate a robust point estimate with a higher statistical power, we applied meta-analytic approach for investigating the prevalence of common foodborne pathogens in major food items in China. Data, on prevalence of bacteria in various food commodities were extracted and analyzed from 361 (132 English and 229 Chinese) publications. Prevalence of eight most frequently reported pathogens on six broad food categories was used for pooled and subgroup meta-analysis by DerSimonian-Laird method in random-effects model. The estimated overall prevalence of pathogens in the foods was 8.5% (95% CI 8.2-8.7). The highest prevalence, irrespective of the pathogen type, was in the aquatic produce at 12.8% (12.0-13.5), while the least was in the vegetables at 3.0% (2.6-3.4). Among the pathogens, the most prevalent was Vibrio at 21.3% (19.6-23.1), whereas the least was pathogenic Escherichia coli at 4.3% (3.3-5.2). The major food pathogens in Chinese foods in decreasing order of prevalence were Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Enterobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, and pathogenic E. coli. Presence of these organisms in foods equates the risk of microbiological food safety in China with other developed countries rather than the developing countries. This justifies the need of novel perspectives for formulating policies on microbiological food safety and risk mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Paudyal
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Pan
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiayi Liao
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- 2 College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China .,2 College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yue
- 1 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xiang W, Lu K, Zhang N, Lu Q, Xu Q. Organic Houttuynia cordata Thunb harbors higher abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes than non-organic origin, suggesting a potential food safe risk. Food Res Int 2019; 120:733-739. [PMID: 31000292 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The organic agricultural products has been growing rapidly in recent years. However, a potential food safe risk, resulted by introduction more antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) accompanied with animal manure using to organic farming, has long been overlooked. In current study, the bacterial community, 22 tetracycline, 3 aminoglycoside and 4 β-lactams ARGs were respectively investigated in the organic, chemical and wild Houttuynia cordata Thunb (HCT). A total of 9 tetracycline, 3 aminoglycoside and 2 β-lactam ARG subtypes were detected, and the organic HCT harbored more ARG subtypes. The absolute and relative abundance of total ARGs in organic HCT was strikingly higher than that in chemical and wild HCT. The Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonadaceae, Pseudomonadceae, Moraxellaceae and Oxalobacteraceae were the dominant taxa in the chemical and wild HCT, but in the organic HCT, only Enterobacteriaceae posed 83.23% - 87.40% of bacterial community. Fourteen bacterial families might be the possible hosts of ARG subtypes in the HCT. Enterobacteriaceae was a possible host of most ARG subtypes, including tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE and aadA, and it was the main bacteria affecting the behavior of ARGs in the HCT. Additionally, the tetracycline ARG subtypes had more possible hosts. These results help to better understand the ARG potential food safe risk and develop effective measures to prevent the ARG dissemination in organic agricultural product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Xiang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Kekun Lu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology of Sichuan, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Nandi Zhang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology of Sichuan, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Qianwen Lu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology of Sichuan, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Szczech M, Kowalska B, Smolińska U, Maciorowski R, Oskiera M, Michalska A. Microbial quality of organic and conventional vegetables from Polish farms. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 286:155-161. [PMID: 30145444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microbiological analyses of lettuce, radish, carrot and beetroot were conducted to determine the effect of production system (organic and conventional) on the microbial quality of vegetables in Poland. During 2010-2014 growing seasons, 600 organic and 372 conventional samples were collected from certified farms. The vegetables were analyzed for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and molds, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms and Escherichia coli according to Polish standards. The farmer's survey was conducted to collect information on farm management practices. The index (from 0 - no risk to 4 - high risk) of potential contamination of the produce by human pathogens, related to fertilization system was developed. The mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and molds, coliforms and Enterobacteriaceae numbers for the radish and carrot were similar for organic and conventional cultivation systems (mesophilic bacteria 7.0 log10 cfu g-1 and 6.6 log10 cfu g-1; yeasts and molds 5.1 and 4.8; coliforms 1.3 and 1.5; Enterobacteriaceae 2.1 and 2.3 for radish and carrot respectively). Organic lettuce harbored significantly more bacteria than conventional (mesophilic 6.7 log10 cfu g-1 and 6.4 log10 cfu g-1, coliforms 1.8 and 1.4; Enterobacteriaceae 2.5 and 1.9 for organic and conventional respectively). Organic beetroot contained higher number of yeasts and molds (5.1 log10 cfu g-1) and Enterobacteriaceae (2.9 log10 cfu g-1) than conventional (4.9 and 2.5 log10 cfu g-1). The vegetables from organic farms showed significantly higher load of E. coli (on average 0.42 log10 cfu g-1) than conventionally cultivated vegetables (in average 0.05 log10 cfu g-1). The index 0-4 of potential risk of produce contamination by human pathogens was created according to fertilization practices in both farm types. Its value increased with enhanced contribution of manures and other animal wastes. In organic production the main fertilization practice was application of animal manures, composted and not composted. A popular practice was also top dressing of growing plants with fermented plant extracts, sometimes enriched with dungwater. In conventional farming system mineral fertilization was the main source of the vegetable nutrition. Therefore, organic produce indicated higher index of contamination risk (2-4) than conventional vegetables (1-2). High indexes were positively associated with higher number of E. coli. It was found that fertilization system practiced in organic farms may deteriorate sanitary quality of the produce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szczech
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Department of Microbiology, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
| | - Beata Kowalska
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Department of Microbiology, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Urszula Smolińska
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Department of Microbiology, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Robert Maciorowski
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Economics and Statistics Section, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Michał Oskiera
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Department of Microbiology, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Anna Michalska
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Department of Microbiology, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Microbial occurrence and antibiotic resistance in ready-to-go food items. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:2600-2609. [PMID: 30042576 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, and Salmonella, are commonly prevalent in contaminated food products seen through annual food recalls. Excessive use of antibiotics through the past few decades has led to a multitude of antibiotic resistant bacteria, including foodborne pathogens. We investigated microbial occurrence and their antibiotics resistances in ready-to-go food items, i.e. canned food, bagged food, and baby food. A total of 112 isolates were isolated from varying food items, and 21 of these isolates were identified through 16S rRNA sequencing revealing Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Micrococcus sp. Bagged food items showed the most microbial diversity as well as the largest colony forming unit (log 20-25 CFU/g). Isolates showed antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and kanamycin at concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. 57% isolates were ampicillin resistance followed by kanamycin (26%). A variety of microorganisms present in ready-to-go food items may not be pathogenic, however their occurrence and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) poses risk of transferring their genes to foodborne pathogens.
Collapse
|
15
|
Van Pelt AE, Quiñones B, Lofgren HL, Bartz FE, Newman KL, Leon JS. Low Prevalence of Human Pathogens on Fresh Produce on Farms and in Packing Facilities: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2018; 6:40. [PMID: 29527522 PMCID: PMC5829028 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illness burdens individuals around the world and may be caused by consuming fresh produce contaminated with bacterial, parasite, and viral pathogens. Pathogen contamination on produce may originate at the farm and packing facility. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of human pathogens (bacteria, parasites, and viruses) on fresh produce (fruits, herbs, and vegetables) on farms and in packing facilities worldwide through a systematic review of 38 peer-reviewed articles. The median and range of the prevalence was calculated, and Kruskal-Wallis tests and logistic regression were performed to compare prevalence among pooled samples of produce groups, pathogen types, and sampling locations. Results indicated a low median percentage of fresh produce contaminated with pathogens (0%). Both viruses (p-value = 0.017) and parasites (p-value = 0.033), on fresh produce, exhibited higher prevalence than bacteria. No significant differences between fresh produce types or between farm and packing facility were observed. These results may help to better quantify produce contamination in the production environment and inform strategies to prevent future foodborne illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia E. Van Pelt
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Beatriz Quiñones
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Unit, USDA/ARS/Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Hannah L. Lofgren
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Faith E. Bartz
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kira L. Newman
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Juan S. Leon
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tango CN, Wei S, Khan I, Hussain MS, Kounkeu PFN, Park JH, Kim SH, Oh DH. Microbiological Quality and Safety of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables at Retail Levels in Korea. J Food Sci 2018; 83:386-392. [PMID: 29337344 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality and safety of fresh produce at retail level in Korea in order to periodically update information and establish available risks associated with consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables. The samples from different markets located in 3 provinces of South Korea were collected. The protocol in the Korean Food Standards Codex was applied and generic Escherichia coli, coliforms, aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB), and yeast and mold (YM) in 360 packaged and unpackaged fresh fruits and vegetables were analyzed. Presence of pathogens was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) after enrichment of samples. For all, the microbial counts ranged from 1.7 to 10.6 log cfu/g for AMB, 2.2 to 7.9 log cfu/g for coliforms, and 5.5 to 7.9 log cfu/g for YM. Three lettuce samples were contaminated by E. coli with a bacterial load ranging from 2 to 4 log cfu/g. Salmonella spp. were not detected in any fresh produce. Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus were found in 1 (0.6%), 3 (0.8%), and 5 (1.4%) fresh produce samples, respectively. Bacillus cereus (50.3%) and Clostridium perfringens (13.3%) had the highest prevalence. These results indicate the need for employing strict control measures and developing preventive strategies to improve the quality and safety of fresh produce in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Nkufi Tango
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Chemistry and Agricultural Industries, Faculty of Agronomy, Univ. of Kinshasa, P.O. Box 117 Kinshasa XI, D.R. Congo
| | - Shuai Wei
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Shakhawat Hussain
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul-François Ngnitcho Kounkeu
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Park
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hun Kim
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog Hwan Oh
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hurtado-Barroso S, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Organic food and the impact on human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:704-714. [PMID: 29190113 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1394815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the production and consumption of organic food have increased steadily worldwide, despite the lower productivity of organic crops. Indeed, the population attributes healthier properties to organic food. Although scientific evidence is still scarce, organic agriculture seems to contribute to maintaining an optimal health status and decreases the risk of developing chronic diseases. This may be due to the higher content of bioactive compounds and lower content of unhealthy substances such as cadmium and synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in organic foods of plant origin compared to conventional agricultural products. Thus, large long-term intervention studies are needed to determine whether an organic diet is healthier than a diet including conventionally grown food products. This review provides an update of the present knowledge of the impact of an organic versus a conventional food diet on health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hurtado-Barroso
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Spain.,c INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Spain.,c INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Spain
| | - Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Spain.,c INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu B, Chen Q, Chen S, Zhu YG. Does organically produced lettuce harbor higher abundance of antibiotic resistance genes than conventionally produced? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 98:152-159. [PMID: 27823798 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The demand for organic food products, especially for organic vegetables has been growing rapidly in the last few decades. However, the risk of introducing more antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) to the vegetables by organic production procedures has long been overlooked. In our study, by using high-throughput quantitative PCR and 16sRNA Illumina sequencing technology, we investigated the abundance and diversity of ARGs and the microbial communities in conventionally (CPL) and organically produced lettuce (OPL). A total of 134 ARGs were detected in the phyllosphere and leaf endophyte of the samples. Absolute copy numbers of ARGs in phyllosphere were 8-fold higher in the OPL than in CPL. We also observed a significant difference in the microbial communities between OPL and CPL, and a lower diversity of both phyllosphere and leaf endophytic bacteria in OPL than in CPL. The Mantel test and variation partitioning analysis (VPA) suggested that the profile of ARGs is strongly affected by bacterial community compositions. Network analysis between ARGs and bacterial taxa indicated that eight bacterial families were implicated to be the potential hosts of ARGs. These results provide insights into the impacts of organic farming on the profiles of bacterial and ARG compositions in vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Zhu
- Department of Biological Science, College of Agriculture and Life science, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, United States
| | - Qinglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Songcan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim YJ, Kim HS, Kim KY, Chon JW, Kim DH, Seo KH. High Occurrence Rate and Contamination Level of Bacillus cereus in Organic Vegetables on Sale in Retail Markets. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:656-660. [PMID: 27992273 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic foods have risen in popularity recently. However, the increased risk of bacterial contamination of organic foods has not been fully evaluated. In this study, 100 samples each of organic and conventional fresh vegetables (55 lettuce samples and 45 sprout samples) sold in South Korea were analyzed for aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus. Although the aerobic bacteria and coliform counts were not significantly different between the two farming types (p > 0.05), the occurrence rate of B. cereus was higher in organically cultivated vegetables compared with those grown conventionally (70% vs. 30%, respectively). The mean contamination level of B. cereus-positive organic samples was also significantly higher (1.86 log colony-forming unit [CFU]/g vs. 0.69 log CFU/g, respectively) (p < 0.05). In addition, six samples of organic vegetables were found to be contaminated with B. cereus at over 4 log CFU/g categorized as unsatisfactory according to Health Protection Agency guideline. The relatively higher occurrence rate of B. cereus in organic vegetables emphasizes the importance of implementing control measures in organic vegetable production and postharvest processing to reduce the risk of food poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ji Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Yeop Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Microbiology of organic and conventionally grown fresh produce. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47 Suppl 1:99-105. [PMID: 27825766 PMCID: PMC5156503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh produce is a generalized term for a group of farm-produced crops, including fruits and vegetables. Organic agriculture has been on the rise and attracting the attention of the food production sector, since it uses eco-agricultural principles that are ostensibly environmentally-friendly and provides products potentially free from the residues of agrochemicals. Organic farming practices such as the use of animal manure can however increase the risk of contamination by enteric pathogenic microorganisms and may consequently pose health risks. A number of scientific studies conducted in different countries have compared the microbiological quality of produce samples from organic and conventional production and results are contradictory. While some have reported greater microbial counts in fresh produce from organic production, other studies do not. This manuscript provides a brief review of the current knowledge and summarizes data on the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in vegetables from organic production.
Collapse
|
21
|
Prevalence and trends of bacterial contamination in fresh fruits and vegetables sold at retail in Canada. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
22
|
Mottola A, Bonerba E, Bozzo G, Marchetti P, Celano GV, Colao V, Terio V, Tantillo G, Figueras MJ, Di Pinto A. Occurrence of emerging food-borne pathogenic Arcobacter spp. isolated from pre-cut (ready-to-eat) vegetables. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 236:33-7. [PMID: 27442848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Given that changes in consumer food behaviours have led to an increase in the demand for pre-cut ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetables, and that few data are currently available on the occurrence of Arcobacter spp. in such foods, the aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of Arcobacter spp. that carry virulence-associated genes on pre-cut RTE vegetables, using cultural and molecular methods. Arcobacter was detected using biomolecular identification methods in 44/160 (27.5%) of the samples, of which 40/44 (90.9%) isolates corresponded to A. butzleri and 4/44 (9.1%) to A. cryaerophilus. Studying the incidence of 9 virulence-associated genes revealed the widespread distribution of these genes among the Arcobacter isolates tested. The results obtained in our research provided plenty of information on the health risks associated with the direct consumption of raw vegetables, and highlight the need to implement further studies at each level of the production chain, in order to obtain further information to help protect human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mottola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Prov. le Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Bonerba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Prov. le Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Bozzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Prov. le Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Prov. le Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Vitale Celano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Prov. le Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeriana Colao
- A.B.A.P. (Apulian Society of Biologists), Via Giulio Petroni 15/F, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Terio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Prov. le Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Tantillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Prov. le Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria José Figueras
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Angela Di Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Prov. le Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Orsi RH, Wiedmann M. Characteristics and distribution of Listeria spp., including Listeria species newly described since 2009. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5273-87. [PMID: 27129530 PMCID: PMC4875933 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The genus Listeria is currently comprised of 17 species, including 9 Listeria species newly described since 2009. Genomic and phenotypic data clearly define a distinct group of six species (Listeria sensu strictu) that share common phenotypic characteristics (e.g., ability to grow at low temperature, flagellar motility); this group includes the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. The other 11 species (Listeria sensu lato) represent three distinct monophyletic groups, which may warrant recognition as separate genera. These three proposed genera do not contain pathogens, are non-motile (except for Listeria grayi), are able to reduce nitrate (except for Listeria floridensis), and are negative for the Voges-Proskauer test (except for L. grayi). Unlike all other Listeria species, species in the proposed new genus Mesolisteria are not able to grow below 7 °C. While most new Listeria species have only been identified in a few countries, the availability of molecular tools for rapid characterization of putative Listeria isolates will likely lead to future identification of isolates representing these new species from different sources. Identification of Listeria sensu lato isolates has not only allowed for a better understanding of the evolution of Listeria and virulence characteristics in Listeria but also has practical implications as detection of Listeria species is often used by the food industry as a marker to detect conditions that allow for presence, growth, and persistence of L. monocytogenes. This review will provide a comprehensive critical summary of our current understanding of the characteristics and distribution of the new Listeria species with a focus on Listeria sensu lato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato H Orsi
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aw TG, Wengert S, Rose JB. Metagenomic analysis of viruses associated with field-grown and retail lettuce identifies human and animal viruses. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 223:50-6. [PMID: 26894328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of culture- and sequence-independent metagenomic methods has not only provided great insight into the microbial community structure in a wide range of clinical and environmental samples but has also proven to be powerful tools for pathogen detection. Recent studies of the food microbiome have revealed the vast genetic diversity of bacteria associated with fresh produce. However, no work has been done to apply metagenomic methods to tackle viruses associated with fresh produce for addressing food safety. Thus, there is a little knowledge about the presence and diversity of viruses associated with fresh produce from farm-to-fork. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed viruses on commercial romaine and iceberg lettuces in fields and a produce distribution center using a shotgun metagenomic sequencing targeting both RNA and DNA viruses. Commercial lettuce harbors an immense assemblage of viruses that infect a wide range of hosts. As expected, plant pathogenic viruses dominated these communities. Sequences of rotaviruses and picobirnaviruses were also identified in both field-harvest and retail lettuce samples, suggesting an emerging foodborne transmission threat that has yet to be fully recognized. The identification of human and animal viruses in lettuce samples in the field emphasizes the importance of preventing viral contamination on leafy greens starting at the field. Although there are still some inherent experimental and bioinformatics challenges in applying viral metagenomic approaches for food safety testing, this work will facilitate further application of this unprecedented deep sequencing method to food samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiong Gim Aw
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Samantha Wengert
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Joan B Rose
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
McCarthy S, Bjornsdottir-Butler K, Benner R. Storage Time and Temperature Effects on Histamine Production in Tuna Salad Preparations. J Food Prot 2015; 78:1343-9. [PMID: 26197286 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Scombrotoxin fish poisoning (SFP), also known as histamine (Hst) poisoning, has been associated with consumption of scombroid-type fish, including tuna and tuna fish products. Preparation of commercial tuna salad contaminated with Hstproducing bacteria (HPB), combined with time-temperature abuse, can present a food safety hazard. A potential source of HPB is raw ingredients, such as celery and onions. The objectives of this study were to determine whether raw ingredients can be a source of HPB and to ascertain the effects of storage time (up to 4 days or 4 weeks) and temperature (4, 10, 18, 25, 30°C) on growth and Hst production by high-HPB (>1,000 ppm of Hst) in tuna salad preparations. Pantoea-Erwinia, Erwinia persicinus, Erwinia spp., and Enterobacter pyrinus isolated from celery in this study were used to inoculate tuna salad and tuna salad with celery or onion. HPB numbers were 0.7 to 4.3 log most probable number per g higher in the presence of celery or onion versus plain tuna salad (3:1 tuna:mayonnaise). E. pyrinus-inoculated plain tuna salad and tuna salad with celery and onion had >500 ppm of Hst after 2 days at 30°C and 4 days at 25°C. E. pyrinus-inoculated salad with celery and onion had >500 ppm of Hst after 4 days at 18°C and 2 weeks at 10°C. Raw celery can introduce HPB into tuna salad, which can cause SFP if the product is time-temperature abused. Tuna salad products must be refrigerated at ≤4°C to prevent growth and Hst production by the HPB used in this study, to protect consumers from potential SFP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan McCarthy
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Seafood Science and Technology, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, 1 Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528, USA.
| | - Kristin Bjornsdottir-Butler
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Seafood Science and Technology, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, 1 Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528, USA
| | - Ronald Benner
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Seafood Science and Technology, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, 1 Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528, USA
| |
Collapse
|