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Response to Questions Posed by the Food Safety and Inspection Service: Enhancing Salmonella Control in Poultry Products. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100168. [PMID: 37939849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
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2
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Microbiological Testing by Industry of Ready-to-Eat Foods under FDA's Jurisdiction for Pathogens (or Appropriate Indicator Organisms): Verification of Preventive Controls. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1646-1666. [PMID: 36099067 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Theisinger SM, de Smidt O, Lues JFR. Categorisation of culturable bioaerosols in a fruit juice manufacturing facility. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0242969. [PMID: 33882058 PMCID: PMC8059861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioaerosols are defined as aerosols that comprise particles of biological origin or activity that may affect living organisms through infectivity, allergenicity, toxicity, or through pharmacological or other processes. Interest in bioaerosol exposure has increased over the last few decades. Exposure to bioaerosols may cause three major problems in the food industry, namely: (i) contamination of food (spoilage); (ii) allergic reactions in individual consumers; or (iii) infection by means of pathogenic microorganisms present in the aerosol. The aim of this study was to characterise the culturable fraction of bioaerosols in the production environment of a fruit juice manufacturing facility and categorise isolates as harmful, innocuous or potentially beneficial to the industry, personnel and environment. Active sampling was used to collect representative samples of five areas in the facility during peak and off-peak seasons. Areas included the entrance, preparation and mixing area, between production lines, bottle dispersion and filling stations. Microbes were isolated and identified using 16S, 26S or ITS amplicon sequencing. High microbial counts and species diversity were detected in the facility. 239 bacteria, 41 yeasts and 43 moulds were isolated from the air in the production environment. Isolates were categorised into three main groups, namely 27 innocuous, 26 useful and 39 harmful bioaerosols. Harmful bioaerosols belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Penicillium and Candida were present. Although innocuous and useful bioaerosols do not negatively influence human health their presence act as an indicator that an ideal environment exists for possible harmful bioaerosols to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirleen M. Theisinger
- Centre for Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology (CAFSaB), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Olga de Smidt
- Centre for Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology (CAFSaB), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jan F. R. Lues
- Centre for Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology (CAFSaB), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Ritter MJ, Yoder CL, Jones CL, Carr SN, Calvo-Lorenzo MS. Transport losses in market weight pigs: II. U.S. incidence and economic impact. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa041. [PMID: 32705038 PMCID: PMC7209761 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An industry survey representing approximately 310 million (M) market weight pigs was conducted with 20 U.S. slaughter facilities over the calendars years of 2012 to 2015 to determine the incidence, seasonal patterns, and estimated economic impact of dead and non-ambulatory pigs. Each plant entered daily totals in a secure online database for the following variables: 1) pigs slaughtered, 2) dead on arrival (DOA; dead on the truck), 3) euthanized on arrival (EOA; non-ambulatory pig with an injury that required euthanasia), 4) dead in pen (DIP; died after unloading), and 5) non-ambulatory (pig unable to move or keep up with the rest of the group from unloading to stunning). Total dead pigs were calculated as DOA + EOA + DIP, and total losses were calculated as non-ambulatory + total dead. The economic impact was estimated based on the 4-yr weighted averages from USDA annual reports for market swine slaughtered (108,470,550 pigs), live market weight (126.9 kg), and live market price ($1.44/kg). The 4-yr weighted averages for total dead, non-ambulatory, and total losses were 0.26%, 0.63%, and 0.88%, respectively. Total dead consisted of 0.15% DOA, 0.05% EOA, and 0.05% DIP. The months with the highest rates of total dead were July (0.29%), August (0.32%), and September (0.30%), while the lowest incidence rates occurred in February (0.22%), March (0.22%), and April (0.22%). The months with the highest rates of non-ambulatory pigs were observed during the months of October (0.70%), November (0.71%), and December (0.70%), whereas the lowest rates of non-ambulatory pigs were observed during the months of April (0.57%), May (0.53%), and June (0.54%). The following assumptions were used in the economic analysis: 1) dead pigs received no value and 2) non-ambulatory pigs were discounted 30%. Based on these assumptions, the annual cost to the industry for dead and non-ambulatory pigs was estimated to be $52 M ($0.48 per pig marketed) and $37 M ($0.35 per pig marketed), respectively. Therefore, total losses represent approximately $89 M in economic losses or $0.83 per pig marketed. This is the first industry-wide survey on the incidence of transport losses in market weight pigs at U.S. slaughter facilities, and this information is important for establishing an industry baseline and benchmark for transport losses that can be used for measuring industry improvements.
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Use of indicator bacteria for monitoring sanitary quality of raw milk cheeses – A literature review. Food Microbiol 2020; 85:103283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Foods NACOMCF. Response to Questions Posed by the Food Safety and Inspection Service Regarding Salmonella Control Strategies in Poultry †. J Food Prot 2019; 82:645-668. [PMID: 30917043 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Giron TV, Vieira BS, Viott AM, Pozza MSS, Castilha LD, Reis IN, Nunes RV. Mechanical removal (epidermal scarification) of pododermatitis injuries reduces the presence of both inflammatory tissue and its associated microbiota in broiler feet. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1455-1460. [PMID: 30325460 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken feet have become an important commodity in the international market, representing a significant portion of poultry products exported by countries such as Brazil and the USA. However, the presence of pododermatitis in the footpad is an important barrier to exportation, since importing countries do not accept injured feet or allow the use of automatic equipments to remove the affected tissue. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of using an automatic equipment to remove injuries of pododermatitis on histological and microbiological traits of broiler feet processed according to commercial practices. A total of 240 broiler feet obtained from a commercial processing plant was visually classified according to the degree of pododermatitis and distributed in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, totalizing eight treatments with 30 replications. Factors were feet classification (1 to 4) and injury removal (yes or no). Feet were sampled for microbiological and histological analysis before and after the mechanical removal of pododermatitis injuries by an automatic machine that promoted footpad epidermal scarification. No significant interaction between feet classification and injury removal was detected for any of the analyzed variables. Also, no significant effect of feet classification was detected on aerobic plate counts, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. Feet inflammation score tended to increase (P = 0.06) according to the downgrading of feet classification, but the mechanical removal of pododermatitis injuries reduced feet inflammation score (P < 0.01), total coliform counts (P = 0.01), and E. coli (P = 0.01) independently of feet classification. Together, these results demonstrate the efficacy of the automatic equipment in removing both the inflammatory tissue and its associated microbiota in broiler feet affected by pododermatitis. Therefore, in addition to the already authorized use of blades, the use of automatic equipments for epidermal scarification in the processing of broiler feet deserves further consideration by the regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Giron
- State University of Western Parana, Marechal Candido Rondon, Parana 85960-000, Brazil
| | - B S Vieira
- Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil
| | - A M Viott
- Federal University of Parana, Palotina, Parana 85950-000, Brazil
| | - M S S Pozza
- State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil
| | - L D Castilha
- State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil
| | - I N Reis
- Copagril Agroindustrial, Marechal Candido Rondon, Parana 85960-000, Brazil
| | - R V Nunes
- State University of Western Parana, Marechal Candido Rondon, Parana 85960-000, Brazil
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Muniandy S, Teh SJ, Thong KL, Thiha A, Dinshaw IJ, Lai CW, Ibrahim F, Leo BF. Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Foodborne Bacterial Detection. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 49:510-533. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1561243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Muniandy
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Swe Jyan Teh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kwai Lin Thong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aung Thiha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ignatius Julian Dinshaw
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Wei Lai
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bey Fen Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Central Unit of Advanced Research Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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