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Caruso S, Valenti C, Marinucci L, Di Pasquale F, Truppa C, Di Benedetto G, Caruso S, Pagano S. Systematic Review of Zinc's Benefits and Biological Effects on Oral Health. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:800. [PMID: 38399049 PMCID: PMC10890596 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review was based on the following question: "What is the state-of-the-art regarding the effect of zinc exposure in the oral cavity on a population of adults and children, compared to dental products containing materials other than zinc, considering in vivo (clinical trials and observational studies) and in vitro studies?" according to a PICOS strategy format. This study aims to analyze zinc application in dental materials, with different compositions and chemical formulations, considering how mechanical and biological properties may influence its clinical applicability. METHODS In vivo (clinical trials: controlled clinical trials (CCTs) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs); and observational studies: case control and cohort studies) trials or in vitro studies published in English or Italian during the last 10 years on children and adult patients with zinc exposure were included by three different reviewers using the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases. RESULTS Titles and abstracts were evaluated following the eligibility criteria. The full texts of eligible studies were then reviewed against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Scientific and technical information of the 33 included studies were collected into evidence tables, reporting data on in vivo and in vitro studies. A narrative approach was adopted. CONCLUSIONS Antibacterial activity was found to be the most studied property of zinc, but further investigations are needed to establish adjuvant zinc therapies in patients with oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Paediatric Dentistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Chiara Valenti
- CISAS “Giuseppe Colombo”, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 15, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Di Pasquale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Claudia Truppa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Giulia Di Benedetto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Paediatric Dentistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Sara Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Paediatric Dentistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
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Zhang X, Zhang Q, Meng X, Ye Y, Feng D, Xue J, Wang H, Huang H, Wang M, Wang J. Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Resin-Based Materials Applied in Dental Restorations. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2975. [PMID: 34503014 PMCID: PMC8433687 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin-based materials have been prevalent for dental restorations over the past few decades and have been widely used for a variety of direct and indirect procedures. Typically, resin-based dental materials are required to be flowable or moldable before setting and can provide adequate mechanical strength after setting. The setting method may include, but is not limited to, light-curing, self-curing or heating. In this review, based on different indications of resin-based dental materials (e.g., dental filling composite, dental bonding agent, resin luting cement), their rheological and mechanical properties were reviewed. Viscous and flexible properties were focused on for materials before setting, while elastic properties and mechanical strength were focused on for materials after setting. At the same time, the factors that may affect their rheological and mechanical properties were discussed. It is anticipated that the insightful information and prospections of this study will be useful to the future development and fabrication of resin-based dental restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Rd., Zibo 255000, China; (X.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.M.); (Y.Y.); (D.F.); (J.X.); (H.W.); (H.H.); (M.W.)
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