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Di Domenico GL, Minoli M, Discepoli N, Ambrosi A, de Sanctis M. Effectiveness of periodontal treatment to improve glycemic control: an umbrella review. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:101-113. [PMID: 36261746 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present umbrella review was to systematically assess existing evidence on the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy, both per se' and with adjuvants, on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis and to combine quantitative data with a meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A detailed study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021222279). Four electronic databases (Medline via Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Scielo) were searched independently and in duplicate to identify potentially eligible systematic reviews up to March 2022. Two pre-calibrated independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction and quality assessment with two checklists (AMSTAR 2 and PRISMA). Moreover, general characteristics of primary studies included in each systematic review were abstracted, and JADAD scale was used to assess the risk of bias for included randomized controlled trials. Data from the individual studies included in each meta-analysis were analyzed, using both fixed and random effect model. The statistical heterogeneity was calculated using the Q test and the I2 index. The publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger's linear regression method. RESULTS Sixteen systematic reviews, published between 2010 and 2021, were included for qualitative synthesis. From these systematic reviews, a total of 27 studies were included in the meta-analysis: all of them were randomized clinical trials, except 1 controlled clinical study. A statistically significant mean difference of - 0.49% and of - 0.38% HbA1c reductions was seen respectively at 3- and 6-month post-treatment, favoring the treatment group (non-surgical periodontal therapy alone) compared to the control group (no treatment). The effect of periodontal treatment with the adjunctive use of antibiotics or laser on the glycemic control was not statistically significant compared to non-surgical periodontal therapy alone. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study, within its limitations, indicated that non-surgical treatment of periodontitis is an efficacious therapy for improving the glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, both at 3- and 6-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margherita Minoli
- Department of Periodontology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Discepoli
- Unit of Periodontics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ambrosi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo de Sanctis
- Department of Periodontology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Tobita M, Masubuchi Y, Ogata Y, Mitani A, Kikuchi T, Toriumi T, Montenegro Raudales JL, Mizuno H, Suzuki Y, Wakana K, Yoneda H, Kamijo R, Kino-oka M, Morio T, Okada K, Murakami S, Honda M. Study protocol for periodontal tissue regeneration with a mixture of autologous adipose-derived stem cells and platelet rich plasma: A multicenter, randomized, open-label clinical trial. Regen Ther 2022; 21:436-441. [PMID: 36274681 PMCID: PMC9576627 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) secrete various growth factors to promote wound healing and to regenerate various tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and fat tissue. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is a considerable cell source in clinical practice and can be collected relatively easily and safely under local anesthesia. Moreover, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a plasma component containing many platelets purified by centrifuging the collected blood, also promotes wound healing. PRP can be easily gelled and is therefore attracting attention as a scaffolding material for transplanted cells. The usefulness of a mixture of ASCs and PRP for periodontal tissue regeneration has been in vitro demonstrated in our previous study. The aim of this study is to present the protocol of translation of tissue regeneration with ASCs and PRP into practical use, evaluating its efficacy. Methods This study is a multicenter, randomized, open-label comparative clinical trial. Fifteen patients will be randomly assigned to the treatment with mixture of ASCs and PRP or enamel matrix derivate administration into periodontal tissue defects. Increase in height of new alveolar bone in the transplanted area will be evaluated. The evaluation will be performed using dental radiographs after 36 weeks of transplantation. Occurrence of adverse events will be evaluated as secondary outcome. Results This clinical study was initiated after meeting the regulations to be complied with, including ethical review and regulatory notifications. Conclusions If effective, this cell therapy using autologous mesenchymal stem cells can represent a useful medical technology for regeneration of periodontal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morikuni Tobita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Juntendo University Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan,Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 1138421, Japan,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 1138421, Japan,Clinical Trial and Research Center, Juntendo University Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan,Corresponding author. Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 1138421, Japan. Fax: +81 3 5802 1715.
| | - Yosuke Masubuchi
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 1138421, Japan
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakae-cho Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Akio Mitani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikuchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
| | - Taku Toriumi
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumotocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan,Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kyushu Nutrition Welfare University, 1-5-1 Kuzuharatakamatsu, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 800-0298, Japan
| | - Jorge Luis Montenegro Raudales
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumotocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizuno
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 1138421, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
| | - Keiko Wakana
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 1138421, Japan
| | - Hikari Yoneda
- Clinical Trial and Research Center, Juntendo University Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Reika Kamijo
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 1138421, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Honda
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumotocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
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3
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Zhou J, Meng X, Han Q, Huang Y, Huo L, Lei Y. An in vitro study on the degradation of multispecies biofilm of periodontitis-related microorganisms by bovine trypsin. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:951291. [PMID: 35992661 PMCID: PMC9386051 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.951291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the degradation effect of bovine trypsin on multispecies biofilm of periodontitis-related bacteria and to provide an experimental reference for exploring new methods for controlling biofilms of periodontitis-related microorganisms, the multispecies biofilm of periodontitis-related microorganisms was established. Standard strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorpha, Actinomyces viscosus, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were co-cultured to form the biofilm. The experimental groups were treated with bovine trypsin, distilled water was applied as the blank control group, and phosphate saline buffer (pH = 7.4) as the negative control group. Morphological observation and quantitative analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), live bacteria, and dead bacteria were conducted using a laser confocal microscope. The morphological changes of EPS and bacteria were also observed using a scanning electron microscope. The results of morphological observations of modeling were as follows. EPS aggregated as agglomerates, and bacteria flora were wrapped by them, showing a three-dimensional network structure, and channel-like structures were inside the biofilm. Live bacteria were distributed on the surface of the EPS or embedded in them, dead bacteria aggregated between live flora and the bottom layer of biofilms. After being treated with bovine trypsin, the three-dimensional network structure and the channel-like structure disappeared, and the EPS and live and dead bacteria decreased. Quantitative analysis results are as follows. When biofilm was treated for 30 s, 1 min, and 3 min, the minimum effective concentrations of bovine trypsin to reduce EPS were 2 mg/ml (P < 0.05), 0.5 mg/ml (P < 0.05), and 0.25 mg/ml (P < 0.05), respectively. The minimum effective concentrations of bovine trypsin to reduce the live or dead bacteria were 2 mg/ml (P < 0.05), 0.5 mg/ml (P < 0.05), and 0.5 mg/ml (P < 0.05), respectively. There was no significant difference in the ratio of live/dead bacteria after the biofilm was treated for 30 s with bovine trypsin at the concentration of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/ml (P > 0.05), and the minimum effective concentration to reduce the ratio of live bacteria/dead bacteria was 0.25 mg/ml (P < 0.05) after treatment for 1 min and 3 min. Therefore, bovine trypsin can destroy biofilm structure, disperse biofilm and bacteria flora, and reduce the EPS and bacterial biomass, which are positively correlated with the application time and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Xinhui Meng
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Qunchao Han
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Yinxue Huang
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Lijun Huo
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Lijun Huo,
| | - Yayan Lei
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
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Balmasova IP, Tsarev VN, Unanyan KG, Ippolitov EV, Tsareva TV, Kharakh YN, Akhmedov GD, Stepanova SY, Katkov II, Arutyunov SD. Diagnostic value of microbiome biomarkers of the periodonite microbiome in patients with the association of chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus type 2. Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:678-683. [PMID: 34882353 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-11-678-683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The place of high-tech methods of molecular biology in clinical laboratory diagnostics of various diseases and the development of a system of biomarkers as an important component of diagnostic research is currently attracting the closest attention of the scientific community. In this paper, an attempt is made to use high-tech metagenomic analysis to solve problems that arise due to the high frequency of association of periodontal diseases with systemic pathology, in particular, with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to determine the taxonomic and metabolic features of the microbiome of periodontal tissues in periodontal diseases associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as a model of the ratio of local and systemic effects of periodontal pathogenic bacteria. The study included 16S shotgun sequencing of bacterial DNA as part of biological material from periodontal pockets/dentoalveolar furrows of 46 people - 15 patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 15 patients with chronic periodontitis unrelated to systemic pathology, as well as 16 healthy people in the control group, followed by bioinformatic processing of the data obtained. The obtained data allowed us to establish the taxonomic features of the periodontal microbiome in the association of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which included the predominance of representatives of the families Prevotellaceae and Spirochaetaceae in its composition. The features of metabolic processes in periodontal tissues with the participation of the microbiome were also revealed, which consisted in an increase in the exchange of cysteine and methionine against the background of a decrease in the metabolism of pyrimidine, methane, sphingolipids, and the synthesis of fatty acids, which are of diagnostic value in assessing the condition of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V N Tsarev
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - K G Unanyan
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | | | - T V Tsareva
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Y N Kharakh
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - G D Akhmedov
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | | | - I I Katkov
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
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Drift of the Subgingival Periodontal Microbiome during Chronic Periodontitis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050504. [PMID: 33922308 PMCID: PMC8145315 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are complex diseases, a thorough understanding of their pathogenesis requires knowing the relationship of these pathologies with other disorders and environmental factors. In this study, the representability of the subgingival periodontal microbiome of 46 subjects was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun sequencing of pooled samples. We examined 15 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 15 patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (CPT2DM), and 16 healthy subjects (Control). The severity of generalized chronic periodontitis in both periodontitis groups of patients (CP and CPT2DM) was moderate (stage II). The male to female ratios were approximately equal in each group (22 males and 24 females); the average age of the subjects was 53.9 ± 7.3 and 54.3 ± 7.2 years, respectively. The presence of overweight patients (Body Mass Index (BMI) 30–34.9 kg/m2) and patients with class 1–2 obesity (BMI 35–45.9 kg/m2) was significantly higher in the CPT2DM group than in patients having only chronic periodontitis or in the Control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in all clinical indices between the CP and CPT2DM groups. An analysis of the metagenomic data revealed that the alpha diversity in the CPT2DM group was increased compared to that in the CP and Control groups. The microbiome biomarkers associated with experimental groups were evaluated. In both groups of patients with periodontitis, the relative abundance of Porphyromonadaceae was increased compared to that in the Control group. The CPT2DM group was characterized by a lower relative abundance of Streptococcaceae/Pasteurellaceae and a higher abundance of Leptotrichiaceae compared to those in the CP and Control groups. Furthermore, the CP and CPT2DM groups differed in terms of the relative abundance of Veillonellaceae (which was decreased in the CPT2DM group compared to CP) and Neisseriaceae (which was increased in the CPT2DM group compared to CP). In addition, differences in bacterial content were identified by a combination of shotgun sequencing of pooled samples and genome-resolved metagenomics. The results indicate that there are subgingival microbiome-specific features in patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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6
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Taylor HL, Rahurkar S, Treat TJ, Thyvalikakath TP, Schleyer TK. Does Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment Improve Systemic Health? J Dent Res 2020; 100:253-260. [PMID: 33089733 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520965958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinicians frequently stress the importance of maintaining good oral health for multiple reasons, including its link to systemic health. Because periodontal treatment reduces inflammation in oral tissues, some hypothesize it may positively affect systemic outcomes by reducing inflammation in the body. A significant number of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) have evaluated the effect of periodontal treatment on systemic outcomes. However, inconsistent findings and questionable methodological rigor make drawing conclusions difficult. We conducted a systematic review of reviews that studied the effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on systemic disease outcomes. We report on outcomes evaluated, categorizing them as biomarkers, and surrogate or clinical endpoints. In addition, we used A MeaSurement Tool to Access systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) to evaluate the methodological quality of the reviews. Of the 52 studies included in our review, 21 focused on diabetes, 15 on adverse birth outcomes, 8 on cardiovascular disease, 3 each on obesity and rheumatoid arthritis, and 2 on chronic kidney disease. Across all studies, surrogate endpoints predominated as outcomes, followed by biomarkers and, rarely, actual disease endpoints. Ninety-two percent of studies had "low" or "critically low" AMSTAR 2 confidence ratings. Criteria not met most frequently included advance registration of the protocol, justification for excluding individual studies, risk of bias from individual studies being included in the review, and appropriateness of meta-analytical methods. There is a dearth of robust evidence on whether nonsurgical periodontal treatment improves systemic disease outcomes. Future reviews should adhere more closely to methodological guidelines for conducting and reporting SRs/MAs than has been the case to date. Beyond improved reviews, additional rigorous research on whether periodontal treatment affects systemic health is needed. We highlight the potential of large-scale databases containing matched medical and dental record data to inform and complement future clinical research studying the effect of periodontal treatment on systemic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Taylor
- Department of Health Policy and Management, NLM Public and Population Health Informatics Fellow, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S Rahurkar
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking (CATALYST), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T J Treat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - T P Thyvalikakath
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry & Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - T K Schleyer
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Adjunctive subantimicrobial dose doxycycline in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients: A unique combination therapy. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/bjdm-2018-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapy including subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) and locally delivered doxycycline (LD) as adjuncts to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Material and Methods: Forty patients with controlled T2DM (HbA1c ≤7%) and chronic periodontitis were selected. They were randomly divided into two groups, twenty patients each: Test group (TG, n=20) patients was treated with combination therapy of full mouth SRP, LD gel 10% and SDD 20 mg twice daily for 6 months. Control group (CG, n=20) patients was treated with full mouth SRP only. The periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months and included periodontal probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected and a quantitative measurement of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) was carried out by using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELIZA) at baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months. Results: Statistically significant reduction in all clinical parameters (PPD, CAL, and BOP) was observed at TG over CG at 3, 6, and 9 months (p<0.05). Moreover, combination therapy provided significant reductions in the amount of GCF MMP-8 for the TG compared to CG at 3, 6, and 9 months evaluation period (p<0.05). Conclusions: Combination therapy including SRP, SDD, and LD, provided significantly greater clinical benefits than SRP alone in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in patients with controlled T2DM.
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Bright R, Marchant C, Bartold PM. The effect of triclosan on posttranslational modification of proteins through citrullination and carbamylation. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:487-493. [PMID: 28589473 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of triclosan on citrullination and carbamylation, two important protein posttranslational modifications associated with inflammatory conditions such as periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A range of triclosan concentrations were incubated in the presence of appropriate substrates used for the generation of either citrullinated or carbamylated proteins. The effect of triclosan on protein citrullination and carbamylation in macrophages was also assessed. RESULTS Citrullination and carbamylation were both significantly decreased by triclosan at concentrations six times lower than the 0.3% triclosan approved by the FDA to use in mouthwash and toothpaste. When macrophages were exposed to triclosan, carbamylation was significantly deceased (p = 0.01), and while citrullination also decreased, this reduction was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION Triclosan reduced the generation of protein citrullination and carbamylation in vitro. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Triclosan may be useful as an adjunct therapy in the management of inflammatory periodontal diseases and help to reduce posttranslational protein modification citrullination and carbamylation) in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bright
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Department of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - C Marchant
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Department of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - P M Bartold
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Department of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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Ai D, Huang R, Wen J, Li C, Zhu J, Xia LC. Integrated metagenomic data analysis demonstrates that a loss of diversity in oral microbiota is associated with periodontitis. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:1041. [PMID: 28198672 PMCID: PMC5310281 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease affecting the tissues supporting teeth (periodontium). Integrative analysis of metagenomic samples from multiple periodontitis studies is a powerful way to examine microbiota diversity and interactions within host oral cavity. Methods A total of 43 subjects were recruited to participate in two previous studies profiling the microbial community of human subgingival plaque samples using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. We integrated metagenomic sequence data from those two studies, including six healthy controls, 14 sites representative of stable periodontitis, 16 sites representative of progressing periodontitis, and seven periodontal sites of unknown status. We applied phylogenetic diversity, differential abundance, and network analyses, as well as clustering, to the integrated dataset to compare microbiological community profiles among the different disease states. Results We found alpha-diversity, i.e., mean species diversity in sites or habitats at a local scale, to be the single strongest predictor of subjects’ periodontitis status (P < 0.011). More specifically, healthy subjects had the highest alpha-diversity, while subjects with stable sites had the lowest alpha-diversity. From these results, we developed an alpha-diversity logistic model-based naive classifier able to perfectly predict the disease status of the seven subjects with unknown periodontal status (not used in training). Phylogenetic profiling resulted in the discovery of nine marker microbes, and these species are able to differentiate between stable and progressing periodontitis, achieving an accuracy of 94.4%. Finally, we found that the reduction of negatively correlated species is a notable signature of disease progression. Conclusions Our results consistently show a strong association between the loss of oral microbiota diversity and the progression of periodontitis, suggesting that metagenomics sequencing and phylogenetic profiling are predictive of early periodontitis, leading to potential therapeutic intervention. Our results also support a keystone pathogen-mediated polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis (PSD) model to explain the etiology of periodontitis. Apart from P. gingivalis, we identified three additional keystone species potentially mediating the progression of periodontitis progression based on pathogenic characteristics similar to those of known keystone pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Ai
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruocheng Huang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangping Zhu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Charlie Xia
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 3730 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA.
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