Diagnostic value of microbiome biomarkers of the periodonite microbiome in patients with the association of chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus type 2

The place of high-tech methods of molecular biology in clinical laboratory diagnostics of various diseases and the development of a system of biomarkers as an important component of diagnostic research is currently attracting the closest attention of the scientific community. In this paper, an attempt is made to use high-tech metagenomic analysis to solve problems that arise due to the high frequency of association of periodontal diseases with systemic pathology, in particular, with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to determine the taxonomic and metabolic features of the microbiome of periodontal tissues in periodontal diseases associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as a model of the ratio of local and systemic effects of periodontal pathogenic bacteria. The study included 16S shotgun sequencing of bacterial DNA as part of biological material from periodontal pockets/dentoalveolar furrows of 46 people - 15 patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 15 patients with chronic periodontitis unrelated to systemic pathology, as well as 16 healthy people in the control group, followed by bioinformatic processing of the data obtained. The obtained data allowed us to establish the taxonomic features of the periodontal microbiome in the association of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which included the predominance of representatives of the families Prevotellaceae and Spirochaetaceae in its composition. The features of metabolic processes in periodontal tissues with the participation of the microbiome were also revealed, which consisted in an increase in the exchange of cysteine and methionine against the background of a decrease in the metabolism of pyrimidine, methane, sphingolipids, and the synthesis of fatty acids, which are of diagnostic value in assessing the condition of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

[Study of cholinesterase activity in mixed saliva of patients with somatic pathology.]

Cholinesterase activity in mixed saliva of patients with somatic pathology was investigated. The results showed differences in enzyme activity depending on the disease. The highest salivary cholinesterase activity was detected in patients with bronchopulmonary pathology, and the lowest - in cardiovascular diseases. A reliable relationship between the changes in the activity of cholinesterase in saliva and the rate of salivation, and with patients taking atypical antipsychotics and M, H-anticholinergic drugs, was revealed.

[Study of the quantity of interleukin-6 by SDS-PAAG electrophoresis and immuno-enzyme analysis in mixed saliva after rinsing the oral cavity with oligonucleotide specific.]

The selective properties of a solution of oligonucleotide specific to IL-6 on the concentration of IL-6 in mixed saliva of patients with oral inflammatory processes were studied using SDS-PAGE by electrophoresis and enzyme immunoassay. The application of these methods showed that in the mixed saliva of patients after rinsing with a solution of an oligonucleotide specific for IL-6, the amount of IL-6 decreases. The ELISA Kit and 20% SDS-PAGE showed the highest sensitivity to determine the concentration of IL-6 in saliva, which should be considered in clinical laboratory practice.

[Implant surgery in partially edentulous patients with alveolar bone deficiency]

The article presents the analysis of possible options of dental implant surgical treatment of partially edentulous patients with insufficient alveolar bone volume in the period from 2008 to 2017 (n=1004). Highlighted are three main options for surgical treatment: a staged approach, including alveolar ridge augmentation, subsequent dental implantation (n=562); dental implantation with simultaneous alveolar ridge augmentation (n=362); using of 'narrow/short' dental implants (n=80). The data on the frequency of intra - and postoperative complications before prosthetics are given. Over the past period, there has been a declining tendency in the number of staged procedures with an increase in the number of simultaneous operations installations of 'narrow/short' implants.

[Features of nutrition of elderly patients with removable dental orthopedic constructions]

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

studying of features of nutrition in elderly patients with removable stomatologic orthopedic constructions. 1388 patients aged from 60 up to 75 years which addressed in a city dental out-patient department were examined. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 - the persons having only fixed stomatologic orthopedic constructions (n=419); group 2 - the persons having at least one partially removable stomatologic orthopedic construction and not having full-removable orthopedic constructions (n=512); group 3 - the persons having at least one full-removable stomatologic orthopedic construction (n=457). Patients were interviewed about nutrition features (frequency of consumption). Anthropometric researches were conducted. There were 2.2 and 1.3 fold more persons in group 3 with a concomitant increase in waist circumference and waist-hip ratio compared to groups 1 and 2 (p=0.0013). Persons from group 3 consumed meat significantly less often than patients in groups 1 and 2. A similar trend was observed for meat products, vegetables and fruits (p<0.05). Compared to patients in groups 1 and 2, patients from group 3 more often consumed cereals, potatoes, rice, pasta, as well as sauces, mayonnaises, margarines. All examined elderly patients rarely consumed fish and seafood (76.0-89.9% persons consumed once a month and less often).

[Features of a drinking regimen and signs of deficiency of magnesium at elderly patients with removable stomatologic orthopedic constructions.]

The purpose was to study features of a drinking regimen and signs of deficiency of magnesium at elderly patients with removable stomatologic orthopedic constructions. Questioning of 1 388 elderly patients who coming for the dentistry office. Patients were divided into three groups: the 1st was characterized by existence only of fixed stomatologic orthopedic constructions (n=419); the 2nd group was characterized by existence of partially removable constructions (n=512); the 3rd group was characterized by existence of full-removable constructions (n=457). We defined symptoms of the central obesity as rising of BMI and a circle of a waist. Patients were tested for possible deficiency of magnesium. At patients of the 3rd group have more often symptoms of the central obesity, than at the 1st and 2nd groups (52,5% against 21,5 and 41,8%, p<0.05). Patients of the 3rd group have more often signs of deficiency of magnesium, than other patients (62,3% against 11,7 and 22,3%, p<0.05). Patients of the 3rd group more often than others intake cocoa (54,1% against 5,7 and 10,4%, p<0.05), carbonated drinks (24,5% against 7,6 and 4,3%, p<0,05), hard alcoholic beverages (23% against 10 and 10,2%, p<0,05). All elderly patients extremely seldom use bottled water.

[PCR rationale for use of oral cephalosporins by oral surgery procedures]

The article presents the experience of PCR detection of DNA of pathogenic germs inducing odontogenic inflammation. Pus samples of 48 patients aged 18 to 68 years undergoing oral surgery because of apical periodontal lesions and pericoronitis. The results showed microorganisms associations revealed by PCR are sensitive to III generation cephalosporins. Effective oral regimen included 400 mg Ceftibuten once daily. The PCR results thus served as a rationale for use of oral cephalosporins by oral surgery procedures proved by clinical and immunological data in postoperative period.

[Clinical efficiency of cytokines in prophylactics and treatment of infectious and inflammatory complications after oral surgery procedures]

The study presents the results of prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory complications after oral surgery procedures. Combined therapy with antibiotics and superlimf promotes a more rapid reduction in the duration of clinical symptoms and duration of treatment than monotherapy with antibiotics. Results of the study substantiate the feasibility of using superlimf in outpatient oral surgical procedures for infectious and inflammatory complications treatment.

[Antioxidant therapy by infectious complication of oral surgery procedures]

The study presents the results of prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory complications after oral surgery procedures. Combined therapy with antibiotics and superlimf promotes a more rapid reduction in the duration of clinical symptoms and duration of treatment than monotherapy with antibiotics. Results of the study substantiate the feasibility of using superlimf in outpatient oral surgical procedures for infectious and inflammatory complications treatment.

[Effect of antibacterial and immunomodulating therapy on cytokine status in the infectious-inflammatory complications of dental surgical interventions]

In patients with infectious-inflammatory complications after surgery in the oral cavity (cystectomy, dental implants, sinus lifting and removal of third molars) in the dynamics studied the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α). A significant change in their content in blood serum, and their contents increased in the early postoperative period with normalization of cytokine levels within 2 weeks after antibiotical and immunomodulatory treatment.