1
|
Volkova A, Shulgin B, Helmlinger G, Peskov K, Sokolov V. Optimization of the MACE endpoint composition to increase power in studies of lipid-lowering therapies-a model-based meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1242845. [PMID: 38304061 PMCID: PMC10832431 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1242845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims To develop a model-informed methodology for the optimization of the Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) composite endpoint, based on a model-based meta-analysis across anti-hypercholesterolemia trials of statin and anti-PCSK9 drugs. Methods and results Mixed-effects meta-regression modeling of stand-alone MACE outcomes was performed, with therapy type, population demographics, baseline and change over time in lipid biomarkers as predictors. Randomized clinical trials up to June 28, 2022, of either statins or anti-PCSK9 therapies were identified through a systematic review process in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. In total, 54 studies (270,471 patients) were collected, reporting 15 different single cardiovascular events. Treatment-mediated decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol, baseline levels of remnant and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as non-lipid population characteristics and type of therapy were identified as significant covariates for 10 of the 15 outcomes. The required sample size per composite 3- and 4-point MACE endpoint was calculated based on the estimated treatment effects in a population and frequencies of the incorporated events in the control group, trial duration, and uncertainty in model parameters. Conclusion A quantitative tool was developed and used to benchmark different compositions of 3- and 4-point MACE for statins and anti-PCSK9 therapies, based on the minimum population size required to achieve statistical significance in relative risk reduction, following meta-regression modeling of the single MACE components. The approach we developed may be applied towards the optimization of the design of future trials in dyslipidemia disorders as well as in other therapeutic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Volkova
- Modeling and Simulation Decisions FZ—LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Boris Shulgin
- Research Center of Model-Informed Drug Development, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Kirill Peskov
- Modeling and Simulation Decisions FZ—LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
- Research Center of Model-Informed Drug Development, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Sokolov
- Modeling and Simulation Decisions FZ—LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chaudhary M, Balu V, Sapkota P, Kamei S, Devi YS. Effectiveness of SMART heart package on knowledge and practice regarding prevention of coronary artery disease among high-risk adults in selected urban community at Bangalore. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:415. [PMID: 38333169 PMCID: PMC10852168 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_260_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease. Smoking is one of the triggering factors for CAD, which increases mortality and morbidity rates. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the SMART heart package on high-risk adults' knowledge and practice of coronary artery disease prevention. MATERIAL AND METHOD A quasi-experimental research study was conducted in India from March 25 to April 23, 2022, through a house-to-house survey. This survey was conducted among 200 adults out of 159 high-risk adults who were identified by a screening tool, using a systematic random sampling technique to select 60 subjects for the study. A SMART heart package intervention was administered for selected high-risk adults. The pre-test and the post-test were conducted using self-administered structured questionnaires for knowledge and a non-observation checklist for practice. The data had been analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. RESULTS The findings show that at the baseline level of knowledge and practice, the majority of the subjects had inadequate knowledge 43 (71.7%) and 51 (85.0%) had poor practice, whereas after administration of the SMART heart package, 29 (48.3%) of subjects had moderately adequate knowledge and 29 (48.3%) had average practice. At baseline, the mean score was 41.5%, which increased to 79.1% on knowledge and 37.2% to 72.5% on practice after the implementation of the intervention, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Hence, the SMART heart package was effective in increasing the level of knowledge and practice of CAD prevention among high-risk adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Padmashree Institute of Nursing, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkatesan Balu
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, GITAM Institute of Nursing, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pratima Sapkota
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, JMD Institute of Nursing, Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonia Kamei
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Padmashree Institute of Nursing, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Yumnam Sushma Devi
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Padmashree Institute of Nursing, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bowden RG, Richardson KA, Richardson LT. Uric acid and metabolic syndrome: Findings from national health and nutrition examination survey. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1039230. [PMID: 36590930 PMCID: PMC9795410 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1039230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hyperuricemia commonly associated with Gout has been proposed as an independent risk factor for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Objective The purpose of the study was to determine if there is a relationship between hyperuricemia and MetS. Methods An analysis of cross-sectional data was conducted using the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets. Sample weights were assigned by NHANES researchers to each participant allowing researchers to generalize results to all non-institutionalized United States (US) civilians. The analysis included 6,432 individuals, which were representative of 94,729,059 US citizens. Results Pearson's correlations, chi-square tests, and logistic regression equations were calculated to determine the association between hyperuricemia and MetS. In an unadjusted regression analysis, individuals with hyperuricemia (above 7.0 mg/dL in males and 6.0 mg/dL in females) were 3.19 times more likely to have MetS compared to those with normal uric acid (UA) levels. When controlling for various confounding variables those with hyperuricemia were 1.89 and 1.34 times more likely to have MetS than those with normal UA levels in two additional logistic regression models. Conclusion In this large cross-sectional study, hyperuricemia was found to be associated with MetS. Additional analyses that controlled for various risk factors previously identified as predictive of MetS still demonstrated hyperuricemia independently associated with MetS. The results of this study suggest a need to understand the metabolic pathways of UA more clearly to further explain the contribution to MetS. Additional research should include prospective clinical trials assessing the effects of UA and the control of UA on MetS and concomitant medical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney G. Bowden
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Rodney G. Bowden,
| | - Kathleen A. Richardson
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Renu K, Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Vinayagam S, Veeraraghavan VP, Vellingiri B, George A, Lagoa R, Sattu K, Dey A, Gopalakrishnan AV. Misuse of Cardiac Lipid upon Exposure to Toxic Trace Elements-A Focused Review. Molecules 2022; 27:5657. [PMID: 36080424 PMCID: PMC9457865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals and metalloids like cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and lead are frequently found in the soil, water, food, and atmosphere; trace amounts can cause serious health issues to the human organism. These toxic trace elements (TTE) affect almost all the organs, mainly the heart, kidney, liver, lungs, and the nervous system, through increased free radical formation, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein sulfhydryl depletion. This work aims to advance our understanding of the mechanisms behind lipid accumulation via increased free fatty acid levels in circulation due to TTEs. The increased lipid level in the myocardium worsens the heart function. This dysregulation of the lipid metabolism leads to damage in the structure of the myocardium, inclusive fibrosis in cardiac tissue, myocyte apoptosis, and decreased contractility due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, it is discussed herein how exposure to cadmium decreases the heart rate, contractile tension, the conductivity of the atrioventricular node, and coronary flow rate. Arsenic may induce atherosclerosis by increasing platelet aggregation and reducing fibrinolysis, as exposure interferes with apolipoprotein (Apo) levels, resulting in the rise of the Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio and an elevated risk of acute cardiovascular events. Concerning mercury and lead, these toxicants can cause hypertension, myocardial infarction, and carotid atherosclerosis, in association with the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress. This review offers a complete overview of the critical factors and biomarkers of lipid and TTE-induced cardiotoxicity useful for developing future protective interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathishkumar Vinayagam
- Department of Biotechnology, PG Extension Centre, Periyar University, Dharmapuri 636701, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Ricardo Lagoa
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Kamaraj Sattu
- Department of Biotechnology, PG Extension Centre, Periyar University, Dharmapuri 636701, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ravindran R, PK PK, Kumar S, Roy S, Gowthaman SA, Rajkumar J. Computational Study Reveals PARP1 and P2Y1 Receptors as Prospective Targets of Withaferin-A for Cardiovascular Diseases. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666211228103102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death worldwide, which urges for effective strategies of prevention and treatment. Withaferin-A (WFA), the key metabolite identified in Withania somnifera, has been known for its cardioprotective properties. Although it has been traditionally employed to treat cardiovascular ailments for several decades, its exact mechanism of action still remains unexplained
Objective:
The current study modelled and scored the interactions of WFA with nine prospective protein-targets associated with cardiovascular diseases through molecular docking and DSX-scoring.
Methods:
Molecular docking was carried out using Autodock and DSX-scoring was carried out using DSX standalone software. WFA was observed to favorably interact with six targets before DSX-based rescoring, but only with Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 and P2Y Purinoceptor-1 after DSX-based rescoring. The spatial orientation, physicochemical properties and structural features of Withaferin-A were compared with that of these approved drugs by pharmacophore modeling and hierarchical clustering
Results:
The results of molecular docking, DSX-based rescoring and complete pharmacophore modeling together revealed that PARP1 and P2Y1 receptor could be prospective targets of WFA for the treatment of CVD.
Conclusion:
Simulation using GROMACS has revealed that WFA forms a more stable complex with PARP1 and will be useful in developing the broad-spectrum drugs against cardiovascular diseases. Further computational studies through machine learning and network pharmacology methods can be carried out to improve Withaferin-A compound features by incorporating additional functional groups necessary for molecular recognition of the target genes in network responsible for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Ravindran
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Rajalakshmi Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Kumar PK
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Tk – 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sriram Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Rajalakshmi Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sujata Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Rajalakshmi Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sakthi Abirami Gowthaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Rajalakshmi Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Johanna Rajkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Rajalakshmi Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng YC, Lee WC, Fang HY, Chen CJ, Yang CH, Wu CJ, Fang CY. Cutting Balloon Combined with Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty for the Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis. Int Heart J 2021; 62:1213-1220. [PMID: 34744147 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.21-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug-coated balloon (DCB) has emerged as an alternative therapeutic choice for in-stent restenosis (ISR) lesions. Cutting balloon angioplasty (CBA) is also a strategy utilized to treat tight stenotic lesions or ISR lesions. Few studies have focused on whether CBA plus DCB could achieve a better result in lowering the incidence of recurrent ISR. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CBA plus DCB for ISR lesions.Between August 2011 and December 2017, 681 patients (937 lesions) were diagnosed with ISR and treated with DCBs in our hospital. The CBA plus DCB group comprised 90 patients who underwent PCI with further CBA plus DCB, and the DCB alone group comprised 591 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with DCB alone.Baseline characteristics, the types of previous stents, lesion type, prevalence of ostial lesion and left main lesion, and pre-PCI and post-PCI stenotic percentage showed no significant difference between the two groups. Only post-PCI reference luminal diameter and size of DCB were larger in the CBA plus DCB group. During the one-year follow-up period, late loss and clinical outcomes did not differ between the two groups before and after propensity score matching. The incidence of subtotal/total occlusion with delay flow was lower in the CBA plus DCB group after propensity score matching (4.1% versus 10.9%; P = 0.030).In these patients with ISR lesions, the clinical outcomes and the incidence of repeat target lesion revascularization were similar after treatment with CBA plus DCB versus DCB alone. Further study is warranted, including prospective, randomized comparisons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Zheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Wei-Chieh Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University
| | - Hsiu-Yu Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Cheng-Hsu Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Chiung-Jen Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Chih-Yuan Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gupta M, Meehan-Atrash J, Strongin RM. Identifying a role for the interaction of homocysteine and copper in promoting cardiovascular-related damage. Amino Acids 2021; 53:739-744. [PMID: 33886000 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Observations that copper and homocysteine levels are simultaneously elevated in patients with cardiovascular disease has generated interest in investigating the interactions between copper and homocysteine. Several prior studies have shown that complexes of copper and homocysteine are toxic, leading to cardiovascular damage in vitro. It is not clear, however, why related effects do not occur with other structurally similar, more abundant cellular thiols such as glutathione and cysteine. Herein, a mechanism for a selective redox interaction between copper and homocysteine is demonstrated. It involves a kinetically favored intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer that results in an alpha-amino carbon-centered radical known to promote biomolecular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97207, USA
| | | | - Robert M Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97207, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Background: The ideal cardiovascular health index (CVHI) is a measure to summarize cardiovascular (CV) health, and includes smoking, body-mass index, physical activity, blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, and diet. Objective: This study aimed to assess CV health using the CVHI and determinants on CV health in a rural African population, and correlate carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis, with CVHI. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on baseline data of the Ndlovu Cohort Study, located in rural South Africa. CVHI score (CVHIs) was calculated by the sum of favourable CVHI factors (range 0 to 7). Logistic regression was performed to examine the association of age, sex, HIV-status, education level, employment status, and income with good CV health (5–7 favourable health factors). Mean CIMT was displayed by poor, intermediate and good CV health. Results: The study included 1927 participants with a mean age of 38.7 years (SD ± 12.8). Of the factors contributing to the CVHI, glucose and total cholesterol scored best; diet least good. Average CVHIs for the population was 4.4 (SD ± 1.2) and 53% of the population had a good CV health. Determinants associated with good CV health were younger age, higher educational attainment, and HIV positivity. CVHIs showed good agreement with CIMT. Conclusion: CVHIs showed that more than half of the participants had a good CV health. Agreement between CVHIs and CIMT indicates potential use of CVHIs as a surrogate marker for CV risk. The study highlights the importance of education for health promotion; good CV health in HIV-positive participants may in part be attributed to more frequent health care contact and provision of chronic disease care. Highlights Good cardiovascular health (CVH) was observed in 53% of the study population. In global comparison, rural African study participants showed a good CVH score. HIV positivity was associated with a good CVH score. CVH score showed good agreement with carotid intima-media thickness.
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Latini A, Borgiani P, Novelli G, Ciccacci C. miRNAs in drug response variability: potential utility as biomarkers for personalized medicine. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 20:1049-1059. [PMID: 31559917 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 18-22 nucleotide RNA molecules that modulate the expression of multiple protein-encoding genes at the post-transcriptional level. Almost all physiological conditions are probably modulated by miRNAs, including pharmacological response. Indeed, acting on the regulation of numerous genes involved in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, differences in the levels of circulating miRNAs or genetic variants in the sequences of the miRNA genes can contribute to interindividual variability in drug response, both in terms of toxicity and efficacy. For their stability in body fluids and the easy availability and accurate quantification, miRNAs could be ideal biomarkers of individual response to drugs. This review aims to give an overview on the available studies that have investigated the relationship between miRNAs and response to drugs in different classes of diseases and considered their possible clinical application as therapy response predictive biomarkers. A comprehensive search was conducted from the international web database PubMed. We included papers that investigated the relationship between miRNAs and response to drugs, published before January 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Latini
- Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, taly
| | - Paola Borgiani
- Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, taly
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, taly.,IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ciccacci
- Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, taly.,UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Su MW, Chang CK, Lin CW, Ling SJ, Hsiung CN, Chu HW, Wu PE, Shen CY. Blood multiomics reveal insights into population clusters with low prevalence of diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229922. [PMID: 32134946 PMCID: PMC7058291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension are important metabolic diseases that impose a great burden on many populations worldwide. However, certain population strata have reduced prevalence for all three diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We sought to identify the phenotypic, genomic and metabolomic characteristics of the low-prevalence population to gain insights into possible innate non-susceptibility against metabolic diseases. We performed k-means cluster analysis of 16,792 subjects using anthropometric and clinical biochemistry data collected by the Taiwan Biobank. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra-based metabolome analysis was carried out for 217 subjects with normal body mass index, good exercise habits and healthy lifestyles. We found that the gene APOA5 was significantly associated with reduced prevalence of disease, and lesser associations included the genes HIF1A, LIMA1, LPL, MLXIPL, and TRPC4. Blood plasma of subjects belonging to the low disease prevalence cluster exhibited lowered levels of the GlycA inflammation marker, very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, valine and leucine compared to controls. Literature mining revealed that these genes and metabolites are biochemically linked, with the linkage between lipoprotein metabolism and inflammation being particularly prominent. The combination of phenomic, genomic and metabolomic analysis may also be applied towards the study of metabolic disease prevalence in other populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-ke Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Jie Ling
- Wego Private Bilingual Senior High School, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Wei Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ei Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sokolov V, Helmlinger G, Nilsson C, Zhudenkov K, Skrtic S, Hamrén B, Peskov K, Hurt-Camejo E, Jansson-Löfmark R. Comparative quantitative systems pharmacology modeling of anti-PCSK9 therapeutic modalities in hypercholesterolemia. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1610-1621. [PMID: 31292220 PMCID: PMC6718444 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m092486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) as an attractive target in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, multiple anti-PCSK9 therapeutic modalities have been pursued in drug development. The objective of this research is to set the stage for the quantitative benchmarking of two anti-PCSK9 pharmacological modality classes, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small interfering RNA (siRNA). To this end, we developed an integrative mathematical model of lipoprotein homeostasis describing the dynamic interplay between PCSK9, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), VLDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), apoB, lipoprotein a [Lp(a)], and triglycerides (TGs). We demonstrate that LDL-C decreased proportionally to PCSK9 reduction for both mAb and siRNA modalities. At marketed doses, however, treatment with mAbs resulted in an additional ∼20% LDL-C reduction compared with siRNA. We further used the model as an evaluation tool and determined that no quantitative differences were observed in HDL-C, Lp(a), TG, or apoB responses, suggesting that the disruption of PCSK9 synthesis would provide no additional effects on lipoprotein-related biomarkers in the patient segment investigated. Predictive model simulations further indicate that siRNA therapies may reach reductions in LDL-C levels comparable to those achieved with mAbs if the current threshold of 80% PCSK9 inhibition via siRNA could be overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Helmlinger
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA
| | - Catarina Nilsson
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety SciencesCardiovascular, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Stanko Skrtic
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety SciencesCardiovascular, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hamrén
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety SciencesCardiovascular, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kirill Peskov
- M&S Decisions, Moscow, Russia; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health Moscow, Russia
| | - Eva Hurt-Camejo
- Renal and Metabolism R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sengupta S, Koley H, Dutta S, Bhowal J. Antioxidant and Hypocholesterolemic Properties of Functional Soy Yogurts Fortified with ω‐3 and ω‐6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Balb/c Mice. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samadrita Sengupta
- School of Community Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Engineering Science and TechnologyShibpurHowrah711103West BengalIndia
| | - Hemanta Koley
- Indian Council of Medical Research‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesP‐33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XMBeliaghataKolkata700010West BengalIndia
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Indian Council of Medical Research‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesP‐33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XMBeliaghataKolkata700010West BengalIndia
| | - Jayati Bhowal
- School of Community Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Engineering Science and TechnologyShibpurHowrah711103West BengalIndia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jallow E, Al Hail H, Han TS, Sharma S, Deleu D, Ali M, Al Hussein H, Abuzaid HO, Sharif K, Khan FY, Sharma P. Current status of stroke in Qatar: Including data from the BRAINS study. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 8:2048004019869160. [PMID: 31452875 PMCID: PMC6700866 DOI: 10.1177/2048004019869160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qatar is located on the north-eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Qatari natives account for less than 15% of the population while the largest migrant group comprising 60% derives from South Asia. Despite projections that stroke burden in Qatar will increase with population ageing, epidemiological studies focusing on stroke in Qatar are relatively scarce. METHOD We reviewed the available epidemiological publications relating to Qatar. In addition, we have added to this knowledge by incorporating Qatari data from the on-going Bio-Repository of DNA in Stroke, an independent multinational database of stroke patients. RESULTS Qatar has low reported incidence and mortality rates of 58 and 9.17 per 100,000 per year, respectively, which may be explained by its middle-aged migrant worker majority population. Correspondingly, South Asian migrants in Qatar suffered younger strokes than Qatari natives (48.7 vs 63.4 years, P < 0.001). Among the most common risk factors identified in stroke patients were hypertension (77.9%), diabetes (43.8%) and hypercholesterolemia (28.5%). Ischaemic stroke was the most frequent subtype amongst migrant South Asians (71.1%). The majority of stroke cases had computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging scans, but only 11.1% of ischaemic strokes were thrombolysed. Qataris on one-year follow up were more often found to have died (6.5% vs 0.3%) and had further stroke/transient ischaemic attack events (17.4% vs 6.4%, P = 0.009) compared to South Asians. CONCLUSION The burden of stroke is increasing in Qatar, and considerable disparities are observed between the native and migrant populations which likely will require different approaches to management by its healthcare system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrima Jallow
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway University of London , London, UK
| | | | - Thang S Han
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway University of London , London, UK
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway University of London , London, UK
| | | | - Musab Ali
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | - Pankaj Sharma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway University of London , London, UK
- Ashford & St Peters Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gaikwad VL, Sharma SN, Bhatia MS, Mahadik KR. Development of controlled release cellulose-pellets based multicore tablets. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
16
|
Li T, Horton RM, Bader DA, Liu F, Sun Q, Kinney PL. Long-term projections of temperature-related mortality risks for ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and acute ischemic heart disease under changing climate in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 112:1-9. [PMID: 29241068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changing climates have been causing variations in the number of global ischemic heart disease and stroke incidences, and will continue to affect disease occurrence in the future. OBJECTIVES To project temperature-related mortality for acute ischemic heart disease, and ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke with concomitant climate warming. METHODS We estimated the exposure-response relationship between daily cause-specific mortality and daily mean temperature in Beijing. We utilized outputs from 31 downscaled climate models and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) for the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s. This strategy was used to estimate future net temperature along with heat- and cold-related deaths. The results for predicted temperature-related deaths were subsequently contrasted with the baseline period. RESULTS In the 2080s, using the RCP8.5 and no population variation scenarios, the net total number of annual temperature-related deaths exhibited a median value of 637 (with a range across models of 434-874) for ischemic stroke; this is an increase of approximately 100% compared with the 1980s. The median number of projected annual temperature-related deaths was 660 (with a range across models of 580-745) for hemorrhagic stroke (virtually no change compared with the 1980s), and 1683 (with a range across models of 1351-2002) for acute ischemic heart disease (a slight increase of approximately 20% compared with the 1980s). In the 2080s, the monthly death projection for hemorrhagic stroke and acute ischemic heart disease showed that the largest absolute changes occurred in summer and winter while the largest absolute changes for ischemic stroke occurred in summer. CONCLUSIONS We projected that the temperature-related mortality associated with ischemic stroke will increase dramatically due to climate warming. However, projected temperature-related mortality pertaining to acute ischemic heart disease and hemorrhagic stroke should remain relatively stable over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Radley M Horton
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Daniel A Bader
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick L Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Puri K, Kazembe P, Mkaliainga T, Chiume M, Cabrera AG, Sims Sanyahumbi A. Pattern of inpatient pediatric cardiology consultations in sub-Saharan Africa. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2018; 13:334-341. [DOI: 10.1111/chd.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Puri
- Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Houston Texas USA
| | - Peter Kazembe
- Baylor College of Medicine; Children's Foundation Malawi; Lilongwe Malawi
| | | | - Msandeni Chiume
- Department of Pediatrics; Kamuzu Central Hospital; Lilongwe Malawi
| | - Antonio G. Cabrera
- Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Houston Texas USA
| | - Amy Sims Sanyahumbi
- Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Houston Texas USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wallen GR, Saygbe JN, Brooks AT, McClurkin M, Thomas S, Powell-Wiley TM. Engaging Community Leaders in the Development of a Cardiovascular Health Behavior Survey Using Focus Group-Based Cognitive Interviewing. Health Serv Insights 2017; 10:1178632917701123. [PMID: 28469458 PMCID: PMC5404898 DOI: 10.1177/1178632917701123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the validity of health behavior surveys used in community-based participatory research (CBPR) in diverse populations is often overlooked. A novel, group-based cognitive interviewing method was used to obtain qualitative data for tailoring a survey instrument designed to identify barriers to improved cardiovascular health in at-risk populations in Washington, DC. A focus group–based cognitive interview was conducted to assess item comprehension, recall, and interpretation and to establish the initial content validity of the survey. Thematic analysis of verbatim transcripts yielded 5 main themes for which participants (n = 8) suggested survey modifications, including survey item improvements, suggestions for additional items, community-specific issues, changes in the skip logic of the survey items, and the identification of typographical errors. Population-specific modifications were made, including the development of more culturally appropriate questions relevant to the community. Group-based cognitive interviewing provided an efficient and effective method for piloting a cardiovascular health survey instrument using CBPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenyth R Wallen
- Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Johnetta N Saygbe
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael McClurkin
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samantha Thomas
- NIH Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany M Powell-Wiley
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Computer aided diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction and carotid atherosclerosis using ultrasound images: A review. Phys Med 2017; 33:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
20
|
FAUST OLIVER, NG EYK. COMPUTER AIDED DIAGNOSIS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES BASED ON ECG SIGNALS: A SURVEY. J MECH MED BIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519416400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The interpretation of Electroencephalography (ECG) signals is difficult, because even subtle changes in the waveform can indicate a serious heart disease. Furthermore, these waveform changes might not be present all the time. As a consequence, it takes years of training for a medical practitioner to become an expert in ECG-based cardiovascular disease diagnosis. That training is a major investment in a specific skill. Even with expert ability, the signal interpretation takes time. In addition, human interpretation of ECG signals causes interoperator and intraoperator variability. ECG-based Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) holds the promise of improving the diagnosis accuracy and reducing the cost. The same ECG signal will result in the same diagnosis support regardless of time and place. This paper introduces both the techniques used to realize the CAD functionality and the methods used to assess the established functionality. This survey aims to instill trust in CAD of cardiovascular diseases using ECG signals by introducing both a conceptional overview of the system and the necessary assessment methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- OLIVER FAUST
- Faculty of Arts, Computing, Engineering and Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - E. Y. K. NG
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ibrahim F, Deleu D, Akhtar N, Al-Yazeedi W, Mesraoua B, Kamran S, Shuaib A. Burden of Stroke in Qatar. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2015; 24:2875-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
22
|
Lavalle-González FJ, Khatami H. The biosimilar insulin landscape: current developments. Postgrad Med 2015; 126:81-92. [PMID: 25414937 DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2014.10.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biosimilar insulins have the potential to increase access to treatment among patients with diabetes mellitus, reduce treatment costs, and expand market competition. The patents for several insulins are soon to expire, meaning there is room for copies of these products--or 'biosimilars'--to join the marketplace. It is vital that similar safety and efficacy to the innovator product is demonstrated for biosimilars. This presents many possible manufacturing and regulatory challenges. Complex manufacturing processes mean that even small differences between manufacturers can have a potential impact on the final product. Several companies are currently developing biosimilar insulins or are already producing these products in emerging markets with different regulatory requirements. For insulin biosimilars to be licensed in more established markets, manufacturers will need to meet the rigid criteria set out by agencies such as the European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration, and fulfill several pre-clinical, clinical, and pharmacovigilance surveillance criteria. As a result of differing regulatory requirements, there are possible gaps in the publically available clinical data to support the safety and efficacy of biosimilar insulins from around the world current as of July 2014. This review summarizes the current biosimilar insulin landscape.
Collapse
|
23
|
A Case of Severe Carotid Stenosis in a Patient with Familial Hypercholesterolemia without Significant Coronary Artery Disease. Case Rep Cardiol 2014; 2014:853921. [PMID: 25405037 PMCID: PMC4227388 DOI: 10.1155/2014/853921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood. In its heterozygous form, it occurs in 1 in 500 individuals in the general population. It is an important contributor to the early onset of coronary artery disease (CAD), accounting for 5–10% of cases of cardiovascular events in people younger than 50 years. Atherogenesis triggered by hypercholesterolemia generally progresses faster in the coronary arteries, followed by the subsequent involvement of other arteries such as the carotids. Thus, symptoms of CAD commonly appear before the onset of significant carotid stenosis. Herein, we report the case of a patient with untreated FH who had severe carotid atherosclerosis at the age of 46 years but had no evidence of significant CAD.
Collapse
|
24
|
Martis RJ, Acharya UR, Adeli H. Current methods in electrocardiogram characterization. Comput Biol Med 2014; 48:133-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Asgary R, Galson S, Shankar H, O’Brien C, Arole S. Hypertension, pre-hypertension, and associated risk factors in a subsistent farmer community in remote rural central India. J Public Health (Oxf) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-012-0536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
27
|
Mbikay M. Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Chronic Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:24. [PMID: 22403543 PMCID: PMC3290775 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is an angiosperm plant, native of the Indian subcontinent, where its various parts have been utilized throughout history as food and medicine. It is now cultivated in all tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The nutritional, prophylactic, and therapeutic virtues of this plant are being extolled on the Internet. Dietary consumption of its part is therein promoted as a strategy of personal health preservation and self-medication in various diseases. The enthusiasm for the health benefits of M. oleifera is in dire contrast with the scarcity of strong experimental and clinical evidence supporting them. Fortunately, the chasm is slowly being filled. In this article, I review current scientific data on the corrective potential of M. oleifera leaves in chronic hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, as symptoms of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Reported studies in experimental animals and humans, although limited in number and variable in design, seem concordant in their support for this potential. However, before M. oleifera leaf formulations can be recommended as medication in the prevention or treatment of diabetes and CVD, it is necessary that the scientific basis of their efficacy, the therapeutic modalities of their administration and their possible side effects be more rigorously determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majambu Mbikay
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mushlin AI, Christos PJ, Abu-Raddad L, Chemaitelly H, Deleu D, Gehani AR. The importance of diabetes mellitus in the global epidemic of cardiovascular disease: the case of the state of Qatar. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN CLINICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2012; 123:193-208. [PMID: 23303985 PMCID: PMC3540594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As a manifestation of the epidemiologic transition being experienced throughout the developing world, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing. However, whether an individual's risk of cardiovascular diseases as a consequence of DM is also higher in these countries is unknown. We conducted a case-control study at the medical center in the state of Qatar comparing the prevalence of DM in 512 patients who were admitted with acute myocardial infarctions (MI) and 262 cases of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) to 382 hospital and outpatient controls to calculate the odds ratios (OR) associated with DM for MI and CVA. The OR for MI was estimated to be 4.01 compared to 2.92 for other countries in the Middle East and 1.75 for North America. The OR was even higher for Qatari natives. Understanding the reasons for this increase, including genetic differences, lifestyle, and medical management issues, is critical for the design and prioritization of effective interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin I Mushlin
- Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 402 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xu W, Hang J, Gao W, Zhao Y, Cao T, Guo L. Association between Job Stress and Newly Detected Combined Dyslipidemia among Chinese Workers: Findings from the SHISO Study. J Occup Health 2011; 53:334-42. [DOI: 10.1539/joh.11-0023-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Xu
- Department of CardiologyPeking University Third HospitalChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular ScienceMinistry of EducationChina
| | - Juan Hang
- Department of CardiologyPeking University Third HospitalChina
- Department of PriorityPeking University Shenzhen HospitalChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of CardiologyPeking University Third HospitalChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular ScienceMinistry of EducationChina
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Research Center of Occupational Medicine, Peking University Third HospitalChina
| | - Tingting Cao
- Department of PriorityPeking University Shenzhen HospitalChina
| | - Lijun Guo
- Department of CardiologyPeking University Third HospitalChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular ScienceMinistry of EducationChina
| |
Collapse
|