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Zgierska AE, Burzinski CA, Garland EL, Barrett B, Lennon RP, Brown RL, Schiefelbein AR, Nakamura Y, Stahlman B, Jamison RN, Edwards RR. Experiences of adults with opioid-treated chronic low back pain during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34885. [PMID: 37832078 PMCID: PMC10578753 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults with opioid-treated chronic low back pain (CLBP), an understudied area. Participants in a "parent" clinical trial of non-pharmacologic treatments for CLBP were invited to complete a one-time survey on the perceived pandemic impact across several CLBP- and opioid therapy-related domains. Participant clinical and other characteristics were derived from the parent study's data. Descriptive statistics and latent class analysis analyzed quantitative data; qualitative thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data. The survey was completed by 480 respondents from June 2020 to August 2021. The majority reported a negative pandemic impact on their life (84.8%), with worsened enjoyment of life (74.6%), mental health (74.4%), pain (53.8%), pain-coping skills (49.7%), and finances (45.3%). One-fifth (19.4%) of respondents noted increased use of prescribed opioids; at the same time, decreased access to medication and overall healthcare was reported by 11.3% and 61.6% of respondents, respectively. Latent class analysis of the COVID-19 survey responses revealed 2 patterns of pandemic-related impact; those with worse pandemic-associated harms (n = 106) had an overall worse health profile compared to those with a lesser pandemic impact. The pandemic substantially affected all domains of relevant health-related outcomes as well as healthcare access, general wellbeing, and financial stability among adults with opioid-treated CLBP. A more nuanced evaluation revealed a heterogeneity of experiences, underscoring the need for both increased overall support for this population and for an individualized approach to mitigate harms induced by pandemic or similar crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra E. Zgierska
- Departments of Family and Community Medicine, Public Health Sciences, and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Cindy A. Burzinski
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Madison, WI
| | - Eric L. Garland
- University of Utah, College of Social Work, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Bruce Barrett
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Madison, WI
| | - Robert P. Lennon
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, and Law School, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Roger L. Brown
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Nursing, Madison, WI
| | | | - Yoshio Nakamura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Pain Research Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Barbara Stahlman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Robert N. Jamison
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Chestnut Hill, MA
| | - Robert R. Edwards
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Chestnut Hill, MA
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Knihs NDS, Rosa RM, Schuantes-Paim SM, Da Silva AM, Pessoa JLE, Treviso P, Amante LN, Koerich CDL, Martins MDS, Magalhães ALP, Roza BDA. Patient Undergoing Liver Transplantation: Challenges and Strategies in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:1421-1424. [PMID: 37295993 PMCID: PMC10103753 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify the challenges and strategies experienced by patients undergoing liver transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach conducted in a large liver transplant hospital in southern Brazil. RESULTS The participants included liver transplant patients between the years 2011 and 2022. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured interview. Data analysis comprised approximation of information and calculation of percentages. RESULTS A total of 23 patients participated. Challenges identified included an increased dependence on others for daily activities, fear and stress due to the possibility of contamination, and the need for isolation from family and friends. Strategies included adaptation to the daily routine, reorganization of tasks inside and outside the home, formation of a support network, and reduced attendance to consultations and exams. CONCLUSIONS Evidence of anguish and suffering of patients facing isolation and separation from family members was observed. Still, the study revealed the strength and determination of the patients to create strategies for preventing the SARS-CoV-2 virus and caring for themselves and their families. The study demonstrates the need for support from the health team in the face of such a scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neide Da Silva Knihs
- Nursing Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela Maria Rosa
- Nursing Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Luis Erbs Pessoa
- State Transplant Center; Secretary of Health of the state of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Treviso
- Health Department, Vale dos Sinos University, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Choe K, Zinn E, Lu K, Hoang D, Yang LH. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on chronic pain and opioid use in marginalized populations: A scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1046683. [PMID: 37139395 PMCID: PMC10150088 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1046683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has had a variable effect on vulnerable populations, including patients with chronic pain who rely on opioid treatment or have comorbid opioid use disorder. Limited access to care due to isolation measures may lead to increased pain severity, worse mental health symptoms, and adverse opioid-related outcomes. This scoping review aimed to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dual epidemics of chronic pain and opioids in marginalized communities worldwide. Methods Searches of primary databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO were performed in March 2022, restricting the publication date to December 1, 2019. The search yielded 685 articles. After title and abstract screening, 526 records were screened by title and abstract, 87 through full-text review, of which 25 articles were included in the final analysis. Results Our findings illuminate the differential distribution of pain burden across marginalized groups and how it serves to heighten existing disparities. Service disruptions due to social distancing orders and infrastructural limitations prevented patients from receiving the care they needed, resulting in adverse psychological and physical health outcomes. Efforts to adapt to COVID-19 circumstances included modifications to opioid prescribing regulations and workflows and expanded telemedicine services. Conclusion Results have implications for the prevention and management of chronic pain and opioid use disorder, such as challenges in adopting telemedicine in low-resource settings and opportunities to strengthen public health and social care systems with a multidisciplinary and multidimensional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Choe
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eleanor Zinn
- Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kevin Lu
- Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dung Hoang
- Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lawrence H. Yang
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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4
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Petersen EA, Deer TR, Bojanic S, Sankary LR, Strand NH, Al Kaisy A, Huygen F, Sayed D, Steegers M, Verrills P, Schatman ME. Best Practices from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) for Clinical Research During a Pandemic or Emergency. J Pain Res 2023; 16:327-339. [PMID: 36744112 PMCID: PMC9895883 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s393539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caught many areas of medicine in a state of unpreparedness for conducting research and completing ongoing projects during a global crisis, including the field of pain medicine. Waves of infection led to a disjointed ability to provide care and conduct clinical research. The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) Research Group has created guidance for pragmatic and ethical considerations for research during future emergency or disaster situations. This analysis uses governmental guidance, scientific best practices, and expert opinion to address procedure-based or device-based clinical trials during such times. Current literature offers limited recommendations on this important issue, and the findings of this group fill a void for protocols to improve patient safety and efficacy, especially as we anticipate the impact of future disasters and spreading global infectious diseases. We recommend local adaptations to best practices and innovations to enable continued research while respecting the stressors to the research subjects, investigator teams, health-care systems, and to local infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika A Petersen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Timothy R Deer
- Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Stana Bojanic
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Adnan Al Kaisy
- The Pain Management and Neuromodulation Centre, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Frank Huygen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dawood Sayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Monique Steegers
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain and Palliative Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Verrills
- Pain Medicine, Metro Pain Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael E Schatman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care, and Pain Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health – Division of Medical Ethics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Lemoine P, Ebert D, Koga Y, Bertin C. Public interest and awareness regarding general health, sleep quality and mental wellbeing during the early COVID-19 pandemic period: An exploration using Google trends. SLEEP EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:100017. [PMID: 35673330 PMCID: PMC8604793 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepe.2021.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The internet network continues to be a major source of health-related information. Our research provides insights into the online health-seeking behaviors of the general population, and evaluates the potential relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and public interest and awareness of general sleep health, mental health and wellbeing. Google Trends' weekly relative search volumes (RSVs) were examined during 2020 for searches specifically related to COVID-19 symptoms, and for searches related to general health, sleep and wellbeing, in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, France, Italy and Japan. To obtain insight into the association between the initiation of public restrictions and online search trends, we assessed a six-week period; the 'early pandemic period' (EPP) (01 March 2020 - 11 April 2020). To provide a meaningful pre-pandemic comparison, a similar period during 2019 (03 March - 13 April 2019) was compared for RSV and median difference analysis. The EPP was associated with increased online searches related to COVID-19 symptoms, as compared with those related to more general sleep health, mental health and wellbeing. The latter search terms frequently showed a decrease or minimal change in RSV during the EPP compared with the equivalent period in 2019. This finding illustrates the potential link between the COVID-19 pandemic and online search behavior and corroborates existing findings regarding internet searches during this period. Proactive communication by healthcare professionals during future pandemics and as an ongoing measure could help prevent public neglect of general health and wellbeing symptoms, and encourage reporting and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Ebert
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Psychology and Digital Mental Health Care, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Yoshihiko Koga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Claire Bertin
- Global Medical Nutritionals, Consumer Healthcare, Sanofi, Paris, France
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John H, Lim YH, Hong SJ, Jeong JH, Choi HR, Park SK, Kim JE, Kim BS, Kim JH. Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on patients with chronic pain: multicenter study in Korea. Korean J Pain 2022; 35:209-223. [PMID: 35354684 PMCID: PMC8977200 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2022.35.2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant changes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on patients with chronic pain. Methods Patients with chronic pain from 23 university hospitals in South Korea participated in this study. The anonymous survey questionnaire consisted of 25 questions regarding the following demographic data, diagnosis, hospital visit frequency, exercise duration, time outside, sleep duration, weight change, nervousness and anxiety, depression, interest or pleasure, fatigue, daily life difficulties, and self-harm thoughts. Depression severity was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between increased pain and patient factors. Results A total of 914 patients completed the survey, 35.9% of whom had decreased their number of visits to the hospital, mostly due to COVID-19. The pain level of 200 patients has worsened since the COVID-19 outbreak, which was more prominent in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Noticeable post-COVID-19 changes such as exercise duration, time spent outside, sleep patterns, mood, and weight affected patients with chronic pain. Depression severity was more significant in patients with CRPS. The total PHQ-9 average score of patients with CRPS was 15.5, corresponding to major depressive orders. The patients’ decreased exercise duration, decreased sleep duration, and increased depression were significantly associated with increased pain. Conclusions COVID-19 has caused several changes in patients with chronic pain. During the pandemic, decreased exercise and sleep duration and increased depression were associated with patients’ increasing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji John
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Hee Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hun Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Jeong-clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hey Ran Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Kyung Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Shiner CT, Gardner T, Haskelberg H, Li I, Faux SG, Millard M, Mahoney AEJ. OUP accepted manuscript. PAIN MEDICINE 2022; 23:1621-1630. [PMID: 35312759 PMCID: PMC8996725 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Societal and health system pressures associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exacerbated the burden of chronic pain and limited access to pain management services for many. Online multidisciplinary pain programs offer an effective and scalable treatment option, but have not been evaluated within the context of COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the uptake and effectiveness of the Reboot Online chronic pain program before and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Retrospective cohort analyses were conducted on routine service users of the Reboot Online program, comparing those who commenced the program during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020–March 2021), to those prior to the pandemic (April 2017–March 2020). Outcomes included the number of course registrations; commencements; completion rates; and measures of pain severity, interference, self-efficacy, pain-related disability, and distress. Results Data from 2,585 course users were included (n = 1138 pre-COVID-19 and n = 1,447 during-COVID-19). There was a 287% increase in monthly course registrations during COVID-19, relative to previously. Users were younger, and more likely to reside in a metropolitan area during COVID-19, but initial symptom severity was comparable. Course adherence and effectiveness were similar before and during COVID-19, with moderate effect size improvements in clinical outcomes post-treatment (g = 0.23–0.55). Discussion Uptake of an online chronic pain management program substantially increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Program adherence and effectiveness were similar pre- and during-COVID. These findings support the effectiveness and scalability of online chronic pain management programs to meet increasing demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Shiner
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression (CRUfAD), St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Pain Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence to: Christine Shiner, Department of Rehabilitation and Pain Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney, 170 Darlinghurst Rd, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia. Tel: + 61 2 8382 9542; Fax: +61 2 8382 9518; E-mail:
| | - Tania Gardner
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression (CRUfAD), St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Pain Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hila Haskelberg
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression (CRUfAD), St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian Li
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression (CRUfAD), St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven G Faux
- Department of Pain Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Millard
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression (CRUfAD), St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison E J Mahoney
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression (CRUfAD), St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Wiekamp CM. Telepain During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pain Manag Nurs 2021; 23:76-78. [PMID: 34953673 PMCID: PMC8602967 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Anand SV, Shuy YK, Lee PSS, Lee ES. One Year on: An Overview of Singapore's Response to COVID-19-What We Did, How We Fared, How We Can Move Forward. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9125. [PMID: 34501718 PMCID: PMC8431401 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background-One year has passed since the first COVID-19 case in Singapore. This scoping review commemorates Singaporean researchers that have expanded the knowledge on this novel virus. We aim to provide an overview of healthcare-related articles published in peer-reviewed journals, authored by the Singapore research community about COVID-19 during the first year of the pandemic. Methods-This was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) protocol. It included healthcare-related articles about COVID-19 published between 23 January 2020 and 22 January 2021 with a Singapore-affiliated author. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and local journals were searched. The articles were screened independently by two reviewers. Results-The review included 504 articles. Most of the articles narrated the changes to hospital practice (210), while articles on COVID-19 pathology (94) formed most of the non-narrative papers. Publications on public health (61) and the indirect impacts to clinical outcomes (45) were other major themes explored by the research community. The remaining articles detailed the psychological impact of the pandemic (35), adaptations of medical education (30), and narratives of events (14). Conclusion-Amidst a resurgence of community cases involving variant COVID-19 strains, the resources from the research community will provide valuable guidance to navigate these uncertain times.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vivek Anand
- Ministry of Health Holdings, Singapore 099253, Singapore;
| | - Yao Kang Shuy
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308207, Singapore;
| | - Poay Sian Sabrina Lee
- Clinical Research Unit, National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore 138543, Singapore;
| | - Eng Sing Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308207, Singapore;
- Clinical Research Unit, National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore 138543, Singapore;
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Sheikh F, Elon RD, Katz MJ, Brandt N. COVID-19 Pandemic and Management of Chronic Pain in Nursing Homes. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 22:518-519. [PMID: 33549561 PMCID: PMC7837612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca D Elon
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Morgan J Katz
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Brandt
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Peter Lamy Center on Drug Therapy and Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Successful Aging at MedStar Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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