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Feeds of animal origin in rabbit nutrition – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rabbits are classified as obligate herbivores. However, under natural conditions, some members of the family Leporidae incorporate animal products into their diets. Therefore, it seems biologically justified to supplement the diets of farmed rabbits with feeds of animal origin as sources of protein, fat and minerals. The aim of this review was to describe, from a historical perspective, the use of various feeds of animal origin in rabbit nutrition. The applicability of by-products from mammal, poultry, fish and invertebrate processing for rabbit feeding was evaluated, including the future prospects for their use. A review of the available literature revealed that various animal-based feeds can be valuable protein sources in rabbit diets, but their inclusion levels should not exceed 5-10%. Studies investigating their efficacy have been conducted since the 1970s. In some regions of the world, the use of animal-derived protein in livestock feeds was prohibited due to the risk of spreading bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). However, the interest in animal by-products as protein sources in livestock diets is likely to increase since the above ban has been lifted.
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Lalhriatpuii M, Patra AK. Feeding rice fermented beer waste improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization in growing rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:147-155. [PMID: 33848037 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary rice brewer waste (RBW) on growth performance, nutrient utilization and nitrogen balance in growing rabbits. Thirty growing rabbits (758 ± 25.7 g initial body weight) were randomly assigned to control and four treatment groups (containing RBW) in a completely randomized design with six rabbits per group. The study lasted 6 weeks for measurements of feed intake and growth performance followed by a five-day metabolic trial to determine nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. The five diets contained RBW at 0% RBW (control group), unsterilized RBW at 10% and 20% and sterilized RBW at 10% and 20% in the concentrates. The average daily body weight gain (ADG) in the 20% unsterilized RBW group was higher (p < 0.01) than the control group. No statistically significant difference (p = 0.089) of ADG was observed for the control vs. the sterilized groups, but the overall ADG was better (p = 0.044) in the unsterilized RBW groups than the sterilized RBW groups. The daily dry matter intake in unsterilized and sterilized RBW groups was higher (p < 0.01) than the control group. However, no difference (p = 0.22) was found between the unsterilized and sterilized RBW. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower for the unsterilized RBW groups vs. the control group (p = 0.041), but there was no difference of FCR in the control vs. sterilized RBW groups (p = 0.37) and the unsterilized RBW groups vs. unsterilized RBW groups (p = 0.14). The digestibility of organic matter, crude protein and crude fibre was greater (p < 0.01) in the unsterilized and sterilized RBW groups than the control group. The nitrogen balance and efficiency of nitrogen utilization were also higher in the unsterilized and sterilized RBW groups than the control group (p < 0.01). The study showed that the dietary RBW could improve growth performance and nutrient utilization in growing rabbits with superior responses for the unsterilized RBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Lalhriatpuii
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Tripura University, Agartala, India.,National Dairy Research Institute Eastern Regional Station Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
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Yang Y, Shen Y, Pan Y, Xia P, Zhang D, He Z, Yang J, Li H, Lu J. Effects of dietary sorghum dried distiller's grains with solubles on growth performance, diet nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and immunity in growing rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:363-369. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Yingchun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Yuanqing Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Pei Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Deguang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Zhifei He
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Jiqiong Yang
- Chongqing Municipal Agricultural School Chongqing China
| | - Hongjun Li
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Jingzhi Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Southwest University Chongqing China
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Mennani A, Arbouche R, Arbouche Y, Montaigne E, Arbouche F, Arbouche HS. Effects of incorporating agro-industrial by-products into diet of New Zealand rabbits: Case of rebus of date and apricot kernel meal. Vet World 2017; 10:1456-1463. [PMID: 29391686 PMCID: PMC5771170 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1456-1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to determine the effects of incorporating the by-products complex of date and apricot on the fattening performance of the New Zealand breed of rabbits, to reduce the economic costs of the food formula. Materials and Methods A total of 288 young New Zealand rabbits aged 35 days were divided into four equal groups each containing 72 animals and into sub-groups of 6 rabbits per cage, depending on the rate of substitution of corn by date rebus and of soybean meal by apricot kernel meal (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%). Results The change in weight from day 35 to 77 and the average daily gain are not significantly different, regardless of the diet. The pH and water content are proportional to the substitution rates (6.4-6.6% and 66.5-68.8%). Meat protein levels increased significantly, in particular for the 10% and 30% groups (+8.1% and 6%) while the fat and mineral content levels decreased significantly, in particular for the 30% group displaying -16% and -17%, respectively. Incorporation of dates and apricot kernel meal into the ration of rabbits reduces the cost of the kilogram of food produced of -9%, with an opportunity cost of 165 Algerian dinars (DZD). Conclusion The date rebus/apricot kernel meal complex can be used as an alternative to the corn/soybean meal complex at substitution rates of up to 30% without adverse effects on growth rates, feed contribution, or slaughter yield. It improves the chemical composition of the meat and reduces the cost price of the quintal of feed produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achour Mennani
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, University of El Tarf, Algeria
| | - Rafik Arbouche
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, University of Ghardaia, Algeria
| | - Yasmine Arbouche
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, University of Setif, Algeria
| | - Etienne Montaigne
- Joint Research Unit "Market, organization, institution, actors strategies, University Supagro of Montpellier, France
| | - Fodil Arbouche
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, University of Ghardaia, Algeria
| | - Halima Saâdia Arbouche
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, University of Ghardaia, Algeria
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Molina E, González-Redondo P, Moreno-Rojas R, Montero-Quintero K, Chirinos-Quintero N, Sánchez-Urdaneta A. Evaluation of haematological, serum biochemical and histopathological parameters of growing rabbits fed Amaranthus dubius. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e525-e533. [PMID: 28990224 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amaranthus dubius is an alternative source of fibre and protein for the feed formulation for growing rabbits, although its effects on their health status are yet unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of three dietary levels (0, 160 and 320 g/kg) of A. dubius on haematological, serum biochemical and histopathological parameters of fattening rabbits. One hundred and thirteen New Zealand White rabbits were fed ad libitum from weaning (35 days) to slaughter (87 days). The health status of the animals was monitored, and mortality was recorded. Before slaughtering, 30 rabbits were randomly selected for haematological and serum biochemical analysis. During slaughter, 18 rabbits were randomly selected for histopathological study in heart, liver, lung and small intestine. The health status of rabbits was good, with no differences among treatments in mortality. Diet and sex did not affect the values of most haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Fibrinogen, glucose and high-density lipoprotein values increased significantly from 0 to 320 g/kg A. dubius diets. The white blood cell count and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase values decreased significantly from 0 to 320 g/kg A. dubius diets. The organs showed histologically well-structured tissues. However, in all experimental groups several samples with lesions were observed, always highly focalized in small tissue areas. The main lesions observed, probably related to conditions of thermal stress affecting the rabbits, were cholesterolosis (heart), steatosis (liver), inflammatory lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate (lung) and chronic inflammatory tissue damage (small intestine). In conclusion, the inclusion of up to 320 g/kg A. dubius in diet did not jeopardize the health status of growing rabbits. Therefore, A. dubius can become an alternative raw material for the formulation of feeds in tropical and subtropical countries where this plant is widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Molina
- Faculty of Humanities and Education, Department of Chemistry, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - P González-Redondo
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - R Moreno-Rojas
- Department of Bromatology and Food Technology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - K Montero-Quintero
- Faculty of Humanities and Education, Department of Chemistry, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - N Chirinos-Quintero
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Endocrine-Metabolic Research Dr. Félix Gómez, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - A Sánchez-Urdaneta
- Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Botany, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Zwoliński C, Gugołek A, Strychalski J, Kowalska D, Chwastowska-Siwiecka I, Konstantynowicz M. The effect of substitution of soybean meal with a mixture of rapeseed meal, white lupin grain, and pea grain on performance indicators, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention in Popielno White rabbits. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1233107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Zwoliński
- Department of Fur-bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gugołek
- Department of Fur-bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Janusz Strychalski
- Department of Fur-bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalska
- Department of Animal Genetic Resources Conservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice n. Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Chwastowska-Siwiecka
- Department of Commodity Science and Animal Raw Material Processing, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Konstantynowicz
- Department of Fur-bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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Molina E, González-Redondo P, Moreno-Rojas R, Montero-Quintero K, Bracho B, Sánchez-Urdaneta A. Effects of diets with Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. on performance and digestibility of growing rabbits. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2015.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Alagón G, Arce O, Serrano P, Ródenas L, Martínez-Paredes E, Cervera C, Pascual JJ, Pascual M. Effect of feeding diets containing barley, wheat and corn distillers dried grains with solubles on carcass traits and meat quality in growing rabbits. Meat Sci 2014; 101:56-62. [PMID: 25437451 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dietary inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on carcass and meat quality of longissimus muscle was studied in 100 growing rabbits from 28 to 59days old. Diets with no DDGS (C), barley (Db20), wheat (Dw20) and corn (Dc20) DDGS at 20% and corn (Dc40) DDGS at 40% were formulated. No effects on most of the carcass traits, texture and water holding capacity were found. Barley and corn DDGS led to a higher dissectible fat percentage. Meat redness was higher with Dw20 and pH was higher with Dw20 and Db20 than with Dc20. Protein and saturated fatty acids concentration declined as corn DDGS level increased. Dc40 led to the lowest saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio, atherogenic index and thrombogenic index. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of these DDGS at 20% did not affect most of the carcass and meat quality traits in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Alagón
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - Orlando Arce
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Técnica de Oruro, Avda. 6 de octubre 5715, Cas. Postal 9, Oruro, Bolivia
| | - Paula Serrano
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal (CITA-IVIA), Polígono de la Esperanza s/n, 12400 Segorbe, Spain
| | - Luis Ródenas
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Eugenio Martínez-Paredes
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Concepción Cervera
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Juan José Pascual
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Mariam Pascual
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal (CITA-IVIA), Polígono de la Esperanza s/n, 12400 Segorbe, Spain.
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