The association between interleukin-1β gene polymorphisms and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Association of IL-1β gene polymorphisms rs1143627, rs1799916, and rs16944 with altered risk of triple-negative breast cancer

PURPOSE

Breast cancer (BC) is the most recognized malignancy in females globally and is heterogeneous in its clinical manifestation, among which the triple-negative (TNBC) subtype is the most aggressive. This study examines the associations between IL-1β polymorphisms and BC and TNBC susceptibility.

METHODS

Genotyping ofIL-1βrs1143627, rs1799916, and rs16944 polymorphisms was done in 488 women with BC (130 TNBC, 358 non-TNBC) and 476 cancer-free control women using real-time PCR genotyping.

RESULTS

The minor allele and genotype frequencies of rs1799916, rs1143627, and rs16944 significantly differed among BC cases and controls and remained after correcting key covariates. On the other hand, minor allele and genotype frequencies of only rs16944 significantly differed between TNBC and non-TNBC cases. Spearman correlation analyses demonstrated that all three variants correlated positively with menopausal status and Her2 status but negatively with menarche, breastfeeding, and cancer type. In addition, rs1143627 and rs16944 correlated positively with HR and ER, while rs1799916 correlated positively with Ki67 status. The three variants correlated negatively with menarche, breastfeeding, and cancer type in non-TNBC cases but positively with histological grading in non-TNBC and Her2 in TNBC cases. A positive correlation was noted between rs1143627 and rs1799916 and age (<40 years) and between rs1799916 and rs16944 with menopausal status. We confirmed that GCG haplotype imparted BC susceptibility, while TCA and TTG haplotypes were protective of BC. Among TNBC cases, only GCG and TCA haplotypes remained protective of TNBC after adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study highlights the association between IL-1βgenetic polymorphisms and BC and TNBC susceptibility, suggesting these variants' diagnostic/prognostic capacity in BC patients.

Association of FSHR gene polymorphisms with poor ovarian response in patients undergoing IVF: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The results of studies on the association between polymorphisms in the FSHR gene and the risk of POR undergoing IVF have been inconsistent with each other, so we conducted a meta-analysis of all the available studies to explore the association between polymorphisms in the FSHR gene and the risk of POR.

METHODS

Literature that met the inclusion criteria was collected by searching six electronic databases and basic data from included studies were extracted. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of association between follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene polymorphism and poor ovarian response (POR) risk. Begg's and Egger's tests were used to determine whether there was publication bias, and sensitivity analysis and TSA analysis were used to verify the stability and reliability of the results.

RESULTS

We included 24 articles, 22 of which explored rs6166, including 2,206 cases and 3,897 controls. 6 articles explored rs6165, including 444 cases and 875 controls. Under additive, heterozygote, and dominant models, rs6166 was significantly associated with POR (S vs. N: OR = 1.29, 95 % CI = 1.05-1.59, P = 0.017; NS vs. NN: OR = 1.33, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.74, P = 0.038; NS + SS vs. NN: OR = 1.38, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.84, P = 0.025). In ethnicity-based subgroup analyses, the additive, homozygote, heterozygote, and dominant models increased Asian POR risk. Among the five genetic models, rs6165 was significantly associated with POR (T vs. C: OR = 1.64, 95 % CI = 1.25-2.16, P = 0.000; TT vs. CC: OR = 2.76, 95 % CI = 1.43-5.32, P = 0.003; CT vs. CC: OR = 1.58, 95 % CI = 1.19-2.10, P = 0.001; TT vs. CC + CT: OR = 2.32, 95 % CI = 1.67-3.23, P = 0.000; CT + TT vs. CC: OR = 1.80, 95 % CI = 1.22-2.65, P = 0.003). In ethnicity-based subgroup analyses, all five genetic models increased the risk of POR in Caucasians.

CONCLUSION

According to the current meta-analysis, the rs6166 S allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of POR, especially in Asian populations. The rs6165 T allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of POR, especially in Caucasian populations.

Facts and Hopes on Neutralization of Protumor Inflammatory Mediators in Cancer Immunotherapy

In cancer pathogenesis, soluble mediators are responsible for a type of inflammation that favors the progression of tumors. The mechanisms chiefly involve changes in the cellular composition of the tumor tissue stroma and in the functional modulation of myeloid and lymphoid leukocytes. Active immunosuppression, proangiogenesis, changes in leukocyte traffic, extracellular matrix remodeling, and alterations in tumor-antigen presentation are the main mechanisms linked to the inflammation that fosters tumor growth and metastasis. Soluble inflammatory mediators and their receptors are amenable to various types of inhibitors that can be combined with other immunotherapy approaches. The main proinflammatory targets which can be interfered with at present and which are under preclinical and clinical development are IL1β, IL6, the CXCR1/2 chemokine axis, TNFα, VEGF, leukemia inhibitory factor, CCL2, IL35, and prostaglandins. In many instances, the corresponding neutralizing agents are already clinically available and can be repurposed as a result of their use in other areas of medicine such as autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions.

Evaluation of the association of chronic inflammation and cancer: Insights and implications

Among the most extensively researched processes in the development and treatment of cancer is inflammatory condition. Although acute inflammation is essential for the wound healing and reconstruction of tissues that have been damaged, chronic inflammation may contribute to the onset and growth of a number of diseases, including cancer. By disrupting the signaling processes of cells, which result in cancer induction, invasion, and development, a variety of inflammatory molecules are linked to the development of cancer. The microenvironment surrounding the tumor is greatly influenced by inflammatory cells and their subsequent secretions, which also contribute significantly to the tumor's growth, survivability, and potential migration. These inflammatory variables have been mentioned in several publications as prospective diagnostic tools for anticipating the onset of cancer. Targeting inflammation with various therapies can reduce the inflammatory response and potentially limit or block the proliferation of cancer cells. The scientific medical literature from the past three decades has been studied to determine how inflammatory chemicals and cell signaling pathways related to cancer invasion and metastasis are related. The current narrative review updates the relevant literature while highlighting the specifics of inflammatory signaling pathways in cancer and their possible therapeutic possibilities.

Comparative Analysis of Non-Coding RNA Transcriptomics in Heart Failure

Heart failure constitutes a clinical complex syndrome with different symptomatic characteristics depending on age, sex, race and ethnicity, among others, which has become a major public health issue with an increasing prevalence. One of the most interesting tools seeking to improve prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this pathology has focused on finding new molecular biomarkers since heart failure relies on deficient cardiac homeostasis, which is regulated by a strict gene expression. Therefore, currently, analyses of non-coding RNA transcriptomics have been oriented towards human samples. The present review develops a comparative study emphasizing the relevance of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs as potential biomarkers in heart failure. Significantly, further studies in this field of research are fundamental to supporting their widespread clinical use. In this sense, the various methodologies used by the authors should be standardized, including larger cohorts, homogeneity of the samples and uniformity of the bioinformatic pipelines used to reach stratification and statistical significance of the results. These basic adjustments could provide promising steps to designing novel strategies for clinical management of patients with heart failure.

Inflammasome genetic variants are associated with tuberculosis, HIV-1 infection, and TB/HIV-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome outcomes

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) and AIDS are the leading causes of infectious diseases death worldwide. Here, we investigated the relationship between from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NLRP3, CARD8, AIM2, CASP-1, IFI16, and IL-1β inflammasome genes, as well as the profiles of secreted proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, and IL-6) with the TB clinical profiles, TB-HIV coinfection, and IRIS onset.

Methods

The individuals were divided into four groups: TB-HIV group (n=88; 11 of them with IRIS), HIV-1 group (n=20), TB group (n=24) and healthy volunteers (HC) group (n=10), and were followed up at INI/FIOCRUZ and HGNI (Rio de Janeiro/Brazil) from 2006 to 2016. Real-time PCR was used to determine the genotypes of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs), and ELISA was used to measure the plasma cytokine levels. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to perform risk estimations.

Results

A higher risk for extrapulmonary TB was associated with the TT genotype (aOR=6.76; P=0.026) in the NLRP3 rs4612666 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) and the C-C-T-G-C haplotype (aOR=4.99; P= 0.017) in the NLRP3 variants. This same Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) was associated with lower risk against extrapulmonary TB when the carrier allele C (aOR=0.15; P=0.021) was present. Among those with HIV-1 infections, a higher risk for TB onset was associated with the GA genotype (aOR=5.5; P=0.044) in the IL1-β rs1143634 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). In contrast, lower risk against TB onset was associated with the A-G haplotype (aOR=0.17; P= 0.026) in the CARD8 variants. Higher IL-6 and IL-33 levels were observed in individuals with TB. A higher risk for IRIS onset was associated with CD8 counts ≤ 500 cells/mm3 (aOR=12.32; P=0.010), the presence of extrapulmonary TB (aOR=6.6; P=0.038), and the CT genotype (aOR=61.06; P=0.026) or carrier allele T (aOR=61.06; P=0.026) in the AIM2 rs2276405 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), whereas lower risk against IRIS onset was associated with the AT genotype (aOR=0.02; P=0.033) or carrier allele T (aOR=0.02; P=0.029) in the CARD8 rs2043211 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) and the T-G haplotype (aOR=0.07; P= 0.033) in the CARD8 variants. No other significant associations were observed.

Conclusions

Our results depict the involvement of genetic polymorphisms of crucial innate immunity genes and proinflammatory cytokines in the clinical outcomes related to TB-HIV coinfection.

Association between XRCC3 rs861539 Polymorphism and the Risk of Ovarian Cancer: Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis

Background

Current studies on the relationship between XRCC3 rs861539 polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to explore their association.

Methods

Six electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Wanfang Database) were searched for relevant studies published before December 2021. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analysis were performed using Stata software 16.0. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed using TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta software.

Results

A total of 12 studies were included in 9 literatures, comprising 4,634 cases of ovarian cancer and 7,381 controls. After Bonferroni correction, the meta-analysis showed an association between XRCC3 rs861539 polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk in the heterozygote model and the dominant model (GA vs. GG: OR = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.81-0.96, P = 0.003; GG vs. GA+AA: OR = 0.89, 95%CI = 0.82-0.96, P = 0.004). In an ethnically stratified subgroup analysis, XRCC3 rs861539 was shown to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in Caucasian in the heterozygote model and the dominant model (GA vs. GG: OR = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.81-0.96, P = 0.004; GG vs. GA+AA: OR = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.81-0.96, P = 0.004). In the control source and detection method stratified subgroup analysis, hospital-based studies and PCR-RFLP-based studies were found to increase ovarian cancer risk (GG vs. AA: OR = 1.30, 95%CI = 1.05-1.62, P = 0.016; GG vs. AA: OR = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.06-1.62, P = 0.013).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis showed a significant association between XRCC3 rs861539 polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk, especially in Caucasians. Large-scale multicenter case-control studies in more different regions will be needed in the future.