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Li K, Shi L, Liu L, Wang J, Nie M, Liu X. Verification of the expression trend and interaction prediction of innate immune cells and immune-checkpoint molecules in the process of oral mucosal carcinogenesis. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2024; 42:192-206. [PMID: 38597079 PMCID: PMC11034413 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2024.2023280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the expression trends of innate immune cells and immune-checkpoint molecules validated by data calculation in the process of oral mucosal carcinogenesis, as well as to explore methods of suppressing oral mucosal carcinogenesis based on immunotherapy by predicting their interactions. Me-thods 1) The cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database comprehensively scores immune cells and immune-checkpoint molecules in the process of oral mucosal carcinogenesis and screens out intrinsic immune cells and immune-checkpoint molecules that interfere with tumor immune escape. 2) Clinical patient blood routine data were collected for the statistical analysis of peripheral blood immune cells during the progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis. Immune cells in peripheral blood that may affect the progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis were screened. 3) Immunohistochemical staining was performed on intrinsic immune cells and immune-checkpoint molecules validated based on data calculation in various stages of oral mucosal carcinogenesis. 4) Special staining was used to identify innate immune cells in various stages of oral mucosal carcinogenesis based on data-calculation verification. 5) Survival analysis was conducted on intrinsic immune cells and immune-checkpoint molecules validated based on data calculation during the process of oral mucosal carcinogenesis. The association of intrinsic immune cells and immune-checkpoint molecules with the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma was verified. RESULTS The expression of monocytes and neutrophils increased during the process of oral mucosal carcinogenesis. The expression of eosinophils showed a single peak trend of up and down. The expression of mast cells decreased. In the process of oral mucosal carcinogenesis, the expression of the immune-checkpoint molecules cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death-ligand (PD-L1) increased. The expression trends of monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils were positively correlated with those of CTLA4 and PD-L1 immune-checkpoint molecules. The expression trend of mast cells was negatively correlated with the expression of CTLA4 and PD-L1. Monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils may promote tumor immune escape mediated by CTLA4 and/or PD-L1, thereby accelerating the progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis. Mast cells may inhibit tumor immune escape mediated by CTLA4 and/or PD-L1, delaying the progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, interference with specific immune cells in innate immunity can regulate the expression of CTLA4 and/or PD-L1 to a certain extent, inhibit tumor immune escape, and delay the progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Li
- Dept. of Periodontal Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral&Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lijuan Shi
- Dept. of Periodontal Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral&Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Linxin Liu
- Dept. of Periodontal Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral&Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Dept. of Periodontal Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral&Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Minhai Nie
- Dept. of Periodontal Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral&Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xuqian Liu
- Dept. of Periodontal Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral&Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Tang L, Jin H. CD39 molecule: a negative regulator expressed on T cells in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Arch Med Sci 2023; 19:1558-1563. [PMID: 37732039 PMCID: PMC10507747 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/170959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The function of cytotoxic cells may be impacted by CD39 expression on CD8-positive T lymphocytes, leading to an imbalance in tumor immunity. Methods We analyzed the correlation between the expression of CD39 on CD8-positive T lymphocytes and clinical information in 203 patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Results The expression of CD39 on CD8-positive T lymphocytes was related to T stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Furthermore, the CD39 expression reduced the secretion of antitumor cytokines, promoted PD-1 expression and decreased CD28 expression on CD8-positive T lymphocytes. Conclusions This research demonstrated the potential value of CD39 on CD8-positive T lymphocytes as a negative regulator in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tang
- Division of Rheumatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine and Translational Research, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Zhang Y, Cui K, Yang Y, Liu B, Zhu M, Chen H, Zhao C, Zhou Y, Nie Y. Infiltration of a Unique CD8 +CD274 + Cell Subgroup in Hepatocellular Carcinoma is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcomes. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1051-1067. [PMID: 37449280 PMCID: PMC10337689 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s410756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune checkpoint (IC) inhibitor-related immunotherapies have attracted considerable attention in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). High IC expression and high tumor infiltrating lymphocyte levels are the current indicators of sensitivity to IC inhibitors. Thus, it is imperative to apply precision medicine strategies for patient selection. Methods Six independent HCC cohorts were used for analysis at the single-cell and tissue levels. Multiplex immunofluorescence and immunochemistry staining assays were used to validate our results. A series of methodologies were used for immune-related evaluations. Results Herein, we uncovered a unique CD8+CD274+ cell subpopulation that is associated with tumor progression and poor survival in HCC at the single-cell level. We assessed this subset at the tissue level and found that the prognostic significance of CD274 is dependent on CD8A expression in HCC. Subsequently, we identified a unique high-risk subpopulation that showed high CD8A expression coupled with intense CD274 expression in multiple HCC cohorts. CD8AHighCD274High* subgroup was correlated with malignant indexes and remained an independent prognostic factor when considering the influence of these indexes. Molecular characteristic analyses showed that the CD8AHighCD274High* subgroup harbored more mutations, had higher immune response activity and presented enrichment of cancer-related biological processes. Moreover, this high-risk subpopulation in HCC was characterized by high immune cell infiltration, low tumor purity, and enrichment of cancer-related signatures. Finally, cases with this phenotype demonstrated higher immunomodulator and IC levels and greater sensitivity to IC inhibitors. Conclusion Our findings illustrate that some HCC patients may have a poor prognosis despite high CD8+ T-cell infiltration. These patients would probably benefit from IC inhibitor-based combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaisa Cui
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoxiang Yang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minzheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanqing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youlian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People’s Republic of China
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Ma J, Li J, He N, Qian M, Lu Y, Wang X, Wu K. Identification and validation of a novel survival prediction model based on the T-cell phenotype in the tumor immune microenvironment and peripheral blood for gastric cancer prognosis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:73. [PMID: 36737759 PMCID: PMC9896795 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation and difference in T-cell phenotypes between peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in patients with gastric cancer (GC) is not clear. We aimed to characterize the phenotypes of CD8+ T cells in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PBLs in patients with different outcomes and to establish a useful survival prediction model. METHODS Multiplex immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression of inhibitory molecules (IMs) and active markers (AMs) in CD8+TILs and PBLs, respectively. The role of these parameters in the 3-year prognosis was assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Then, we divided patients into two TIME clusters (TIME-A/B) and two PBL clusters (PBL-A/B) by unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on the results of multivariate analysis, and used the Kaplan-Meier method to analyze the difference in prognosis between each group. Finally, we constructed and compared three survival prediction models based on Cox regression analysis, and further validated the efficiency and accuracy in the internal and external cohorts. RESULTS The percentage of PD-1+CD8+TILs, TIM-3+CD8+TILs, PD-L1+CD8+TILs, and PD-L1+CD8+PBLs and the density of PD-L1+CD8+TILs were independent risk factors, while the percentage of TIM-3+CD8+PBLs was an independent protective factor. The patients in the TIME-B group showed a worse 3-year overall survival (OS) (HR: 3.256, 95% CI 1.318-8.043, P = 0.006), with a higher density of PD-L1+CD8+TILs (P < 0.001) and percentage of PD-1+CD8+TILs (P = 0.017) and PD-L1+CD8+TILs (P < 0.001) compared to the TIME-A group. The patients in the PBL-B group showed higher positivity for PD-L1+CD8+PBLs (P = 0.042), LAG-3+CD8+PBLs (P < 0.001), TIM-3+CD8+PBLs (P = 0.003), PD-L1+CD4+PBLs (P = 0.001), and LAG-3+CD4+PBLs (P < 0.001) and poorer 3-year OS (HR: 0.124, 95% CI 0.017-0.929, P = 0.015) than those in the PBL-A group. In our three survival prediction models, Model 3, which was based on the percentage of TIM-3+CD8+PBLs, PD-L1+CD8+TILs and PD-1+CD8+TILs, showed the best sensitivity (0.950, 0.914), specificity (0.852, 0.857) and accuracy (κ = 0.787, P < 0.001; κ = 0.771, P < 0.001) in the internal and external cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSION We established a comprehensive and robust survival prediction model based on the T-cell phenotype in the TIME and PBLs for GC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jianhui Li
- grid.460007.50000 0004 1791 6584Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Nan He
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meirui Qian
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin Wang
- grid.460007.50000 0004 1791 6584Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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EMAP II Expression Is Increased on Peripheral Blood Cells from Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7219207. [PMID: 36132984 PMCID: PMC9484964 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7219207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune evasion is a lineament of cancer. Endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide-II (EMAP II) has been assumed to impact tumor immune escape significantly. EMAP II was first reported in the murine methylcholanthrene A-induced fibrosarcoma supernatant and identified as a tumor-derived cytokine. This study evaluated EMAP II expression in peripheral blood cells and its association with treatment outcome, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and clinical criteria in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. EMAP II expression on different blood cells obtained from the peripheral blood of 80 NHL patients was evaluated by two-color flow cytometry. The study reported that EMAP II expression was significantly increased in peripheral blood cells in patients with NHL compared to normal volunteers (P < 0.001). Additionally, EMAP II expression levels on blood cells decreased in complete remission (CR) while they increased in relapse. This study showed coexpression of EMAP II and CD36 on peripheral lymphocytes in NHL patients but not in healthy controls (P < 0.001). EMAP II expression on blood cells was associated with increased serum LDH levels. Furthermore, the percentages of EMAP II+/CD36+ peripheral lymphocytes were significantly higher in relapse than in CR and healthy controls. Analyses revealed that higher percentages of EMAP II+CD36+ cells were positively correlated with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and an advanced (intermediate and high risk) NHL stage. The results assume that EMAP II might be involved in NHL development and pathogenesis.
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Wei H, Wu F, Mao Y, Zhang Y, Leng G, Wang J, Zhang W, Wang T. Measurement of soluble PD-1 and soluble PD-L1 as well as PD-L1 and PD-1 from perioperative patients with gastric carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:331-345. [PMID: 35106596 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyab214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Till now, no experiment has been performed to detect programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed death 1 (PD-1), soluble PD-L1/soluble PD-1 simultaneously in perioperative patients of gastric carcinoma. Our experiment aims at determining the clinical significance and possible mechanism of soluble PD-L1/soluble PD-1 in gastric carcinoma. METHODS Thirty patients undergone gastrectomy were selected as the experimental group. Tissue's programmed death ligand 1 and peripheral programmed death 1 were detected using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Soluble PD-L1 and soluble PD-1 were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS First, preoperative programmed death 1 was higher than control group and decreased to normal post-operatively. Preoperatively ,elevated levels of programmed death 1 on cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T cells indicated less lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.01) and small tumor volume (P < 0.01); elevated programmed death 1 of CD8 T cells indicated big tumor volume (P < 0.01) and well histological differentiation (P < 0.01). Second, preoperative soluble PD-L1 and soluble PD-1 are lower than in control group. Post-operatively, the soluble PD-1 rose to normal, but the soluble PD-L1 showed no change. Third, programmed death ligand 1 can be observed in carcinoma tissue. Fourth, the area under the curve of soluble PD-1 (0.675) for diagnosis was worse than that of soluble PD-L1 (0.885). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that soluble PD-1 < 245.26 pg/ml in post-operative serum predicted a poor prognosis (overall survival percentage: 60%) at 2 years (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that carcinoembryonic antigen (>5 ng/l) and soluble PD-1 after gastrectomy (>245.26 pg/ml) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (hazard ratio: 20.812, 95% confidence interval: 1.217-355.916, P = 0.036; hazard ratio: 0.028, 95% confidence interval: 0.001-0.786, P = 0.036, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We propose that soluble PD-1 combined with programmed death ligand 1 are effective not only in protecting T cells from the adhesion by programmed death ligand 1 but also in preventing the occurrence and the development of tumor as well. Through multivariate analysis, we found that soluble PD-1 was an independent protective factor for post-operative prognosis of gastric carcinoma patients, which indirectly verified the vital function of soluble PD-1. Soluble PD-1 might be promising predictive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhi Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fahong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yudong Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangxian Leng
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tianwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Zhou Y, Cheng F, Zhang Z, Xiang J, Xue T, Ye Q, Yan B. Preoperative Absolute Lymphocyte Count to Carcinoembryonic Antigen Ratio Is a Superior Predictor of Survival in Stage I to III Colorectal Cancer. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS: ONCOLOGY 2022; 16:11795549221126249. [PMID: 36186673 PMCID: PMC9515526 DOI: 10.1177/11795549221126249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preoperative absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and carcinoembryonic antigen
(CEA) are useful prognostic indicators in colorectal cancer (CRC); however,
the role of the ALC-to-CEA ratio (LCR) has been less addressed. Methods: A total of 189 stage I to III CRC patients who underwent radical resection
were enrolled retrospectively. The significance of the LCR in predicting
disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was calculated and
compared with other markers based on ALC. The DFS and OS differences among
the low- and high-LCR subgroups and risk factors for the outcome were
estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model,
respectively. Results: Taking 0.28 as the cutoff point, the LCR has a sensitivity and a specificity
of 75.60% and 77.00%, respectively, in predicting OS. The prognostic
efficacy of LCR was significantly superior to that of other markers based on
ALC for predicting DFS and OS. A total of 34.92% (66/189) of patients
displayed a low LCR (<0.28), and these patients were more likely to
present poor cell differentiation (P = .03), tumor deposits
(P < .01) and advanced T (P <
.01) and liver metastasis (P = .02). Patients with a low
LCR had significantly worse DFS (Log Rank = 34.98, P <
.01) and OS (Log Rank = 43.17, P < .01) than those with
a high LCR. The LCR was an independent prognostic factor for both DFS
(hazard ratio (HR) = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20-0.62,
P < .01) and OS (HR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.08-0.37,
P < .01). Conclusions: The LCR is a superior predictor of survival in stage I to III CRC, and
patients with a low LCR have an inferior outcome; however, additional
studies are required to validate its prognostic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P.R. China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P.R. China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P.R. China
| | - Jia Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P.R. China
| | - Tianhui Xue
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P.R. China
| | - Qianwen Ye
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P.R. China
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Khalaf K, Janowicz K, Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska M, Hutchings G, Dompe C, Moncrieff L, Jankowski M, Machnik M, Oleksiewicz U, Kocherova I, Petitte J, Mozdziak P, Shibli JA, Iżycki D, Józkowiak M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Skowroński MT, Antosik P, Kempisty B. CRISPR/Cas9 in Cancer Immunotherapy: Animal Models and Human Clinical Trials. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E921. [PMID: 32796761 PMCID: PMC7463827 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though chemotherapy and immunotherapy emerged to limit continual and unregulated proliferation of cancer cells, currently available therapeutic agents are associated with high toxicity levels and low success rates. Additionally, ongoing multi-targeted therapies are limited only for few carcinogenesis pathways, due to continually emerging and evolving mutations of proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressive genes. CRISPR/Cas9, as a specific gene-editing tool, is used to correct causative mutations with minimal toxicity, but is also employed as an adjuvant to immunotherapy to achieve a more robust immunological response. Some of the most critical limitations of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology include off-target mutations, resulting in nonspecific restrictions of DNA upstream of the Protospacer Adjacent Motifs (PAM), ethical agreements, and the lack of a scientific consensus aiming at risk evaluation. Currently, CRISPR/Cas9 is tested on animal models to enhance genome editing specificity and induce a stronger anti-tumor response. Moreover, ongoing clinical trials use the CRISPR/Cas9 system in immune cells to modify genomes in a target-specific manner. Recently, error-free in vitro systems have been engineered to overcome limitations of this gene-editing system. The aim of the article is to present the knowledge concerning the use of CRISPR Cas9 technique in targeting treatment-resistant cancers. Additionally, the use of CRISPR/Cas9 is aided as an emerging supplementation of immunotherapy, currently used in experimental oncology. Demonstrating further, applications and advances of the CRISPR/Cas9 technique are presented in animal models and human clinical trials. Concluding, an overview of the limitations of the gene-editing tool is proffered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Khalaf
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.K.); (K.J.); (M.D.-K.); (G.H.); (M.J.); (I.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Janowicz
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.K.); (K.J.); (M.D.-K.); (G.H.); (M.J.); (I.K.)
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (C.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Marta Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.K.); (K.J.); (M.D.-K.); (G.H.); (M.J.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Greg Hutchings
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.K.); (K.J.); (M.D.-K.); (G.H.); (M.J.); (I.K.)
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (C.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Claudia Dompe
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (C.D.); (L.M.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lisa Moncrieff
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (C.D.); (L.M.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maurycy Jankowski
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.K.); (K.J.); (M.D.-K.); (G.H.); (M.J.); (I.K.)
| | - Marta Machnik
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-408 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (U.O.); (D.I.)
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Urszula Oleksiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-408 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (U.O.); (D.I.)
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ievgeniia Kocherova
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.K.); (K.J.); (M.D.-K.); (G.H.); (M.J.); (I.K.)
| | - Jim Petitte
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Jamil A. Shibli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos 07023-070, Brazil;
| | - Dariusz Iżycki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-408 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (U.O.); (D.I.)
| | - Małgorzata Józkowiak
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-631 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (H.P.-K.)
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-631 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (H.P.-K.)
| | - Mariusz T. Skowroński
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.K.); (K.J.); (M.D.-K.); (G.H.); (M.J.); (I.K.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
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9
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Miura M, Mizukoshi E, Hashiba T, Kitahara M, Miyashita T, Mochizuki T, Goto S, Kamigaki T, Takimoto R, Yamashita T, Sakai Y, Yamashita T, Honda M, Kaneko S. Effects of adaptive immune cell therapy on the immune cell profile in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4907-4917. [PMID: 32529780 PMCID: PMC7367616 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy for cancer patients has been the subject of attention in recent years. In this study, we investigated whether αβT-cell therapy causes changes in the host's immune cell profile, and if so, the effect of these changes on prognosis. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 30 gastric cancer patients who had completed one course of αβT-cell therapy were analyzed. The peripheral blood immune cell profile was established using PBMCs by counting the frequency of CD4+ helper T cells, CD8+ killer T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells and measuring the expression of their surface markers. The changes after treatment and their association with response to treatment were investigated. RESULTS Immune cell profiles changed greatly after treatment. The frequency of CD4+ helper T cells decreased, but that of CD8+ killer T cells increased. The frequency of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)+ effector Tregs increased significantly, but only in the non-progressive disease (non-PD) group, in which it was significantly higher compared with the PD group. Patients in whom the frequency of PD-1+ effector Tregs increased had a significantly better prognosis than those in whom it decreased. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that αβT-cell therapy changes the host's immune cell profile, and an increase in PD-1+ effector Tregs may help improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyabi Miura
- Department of GastroenterologyGraduate School of MedicineKanazawa UniversityKanazawa CityJapan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of GastroenterologyGraduate School of MedicineKanazawa UniversityKanazawa CityJapan
| | | | | | | | | | - Shigenori Goto
- Seta Clinic GroupDepartment of Next‐Generation Cell and Immune TherapyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Kamigaki
- Seta Clinic GroupDepartment of Next‐Generation Cell and Immune TherapyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Rishu Takimoto
- Seta Clinic GroupDepartment of Next‐Generation Cell and Immune TherapyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of GastroenterologyGraduate School of MedicineKanazawa UniversityKanazawa CityJapan
| | - Yoshio Sakai
- Department of GastroenterologyGraduate School of MedicineKanazawa UniversityKanazawa CityJapan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of GastroenterologyGraduate School of MedicineKanazawa UniversityKanazawa CityJapan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of GastroenterologyGraduate School of MedicineKanazawa UniversityKanazawa CityJapan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of GastroenterologyGraduate School of MedicineKanazawa UniversityKanazawa CityJapan
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10
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Mao M, Yu Q, Huang R, Lu Y, Wang Z, Liao L. Stromal score as a prognostic factor in primary gastric cancer and close association with tumor immune microenvironment. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4980-4990. [PMID: 32432377 PMCID: PMC7367639 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer remains one of the major causes for tumor‐related deaths worldwide. Our study aimed to provide an understanding of primary gastric cancer and prompt its clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods We integrated the expression profiles and overall survival information of primary gastric cancer in TCGA and GEO database and estimated the stromal score of each sample by the estimate R package. Stromal score and clinicopathologic characteristics associated with overall survival were analyzed by using Cox regression and the Kaplan‐Meier method. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and KEGG analysis were performed to explore the potential molecular mechanism in TCGA dataset. The relationship between immunotherapy‐associated markers or immune cell types and stromal score was explored by using Pearson correlation analysis. Results A total of 796 samples were collected for the analysis. Patients with stromal score‐high showed poor overall survival (P < .01, HR: 1.407, 95% CI: 1.144‐1.731) and identified as an independent prognostic factor. KEGG analysis revealed that stromal score actively involved in diverse tumor‐associated pathways. GSEA analysis also revealed stromal score associated with diverse immune‐related biological processes. Furthermore, stromal score was related with immunotherapy‐associated markers and multiple immune cells. Conclusion Our results showed that stromal score could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in primary gastric cancer and play an important role in the recognition, surveillance, and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Mao
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingliang Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rongzhi Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Qinzhou First People's Hospital, Qinzhou, China
| | - Yunxin Lu
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liang Liao
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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11
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Bacterial Colonization in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Factors Associated with Infections and Colonization. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060861. [PMID: 31208150 PMCID: PMC6616586 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have defects in both humoral and cellular immunity as a result of their underlying malignancy, as well as chemotherapy-related immune suppression. Upper respiratory tract (URT) colonization can be regarded as a major contributor to infection, so the relationship between carriage rates, disease incidence, or antibiotic resistance should be monitored. This prospective study included 50 newly diagnosed, previously untreated patients with CLL and 38 healthy volunteers. A total of 264 samples obtained from anterior nares and oropharynx were microbiologically examined. A significantly higher frequency of S. aureus and Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) colonization in CLL patients was observed in comparison to healthy volunteers. Information regarding baseline characteristics; the Rai staging system; hematological tests results; immunophenotype of basic lymphocyte subsets, including the expression of programmed cell death-1 protein (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1); as well as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status were determined to analyze risk factors for infections and bacterial colonization. The data represent the basic information for identification of further risk factors of infection and bacterial oropharyngeal colonization in CLL patients. The rate of disease progression within the time from the CLL diagnosis was significantly higher in patients colonized by GNB. This study highlights EBV infection and frequencies of PD-1 positive T CD3+ cells and B cells as risk factors in CLL patients.
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